DOCSLIB.ORG

Taxonomic Revision of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Dieffenbachiae Strains and Pathogenicity on Araceae Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Taxonomic Revision of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Dieffenbachiae Strains and Pathogenicity on Araceae Plants Taxonomic revision of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains and pathogenicity on Araceae plants Elena Corina Constantin Promoters Em. Prof. Dr. Paul De Vos Dr. Martine Maes Prof. Dr. Anne Willems Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) of Science: Biochemistry and Biotechnology Dutch translation of the title: Taxonomische herziening van Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae stammen en pathogeniteit op Araceae planten Please refer to this work as follows: Constantin, EC. (2017). Taxonomic revision of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains and pathogenicity on Araceae plants. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium. The author and the promotors give the authorization to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. Acknowledgements No one gets anywhere alone. What little we accomplish in life, we certainly owe it to the people that are around us, the people that raise us, the friends we meet, the colleagues we work with. The work that was developed in the course of this thesis would certainly not have been possible without the support of many people that have helped me on a personal or professional level. To all of them I wish to extend my gratitude, and in particular to: Martine Maes, my PhD supervisor, who gave me the opportunity to carry out the PhD in the Laboratory of Bacteriology at ILVO. Your encouragement, advices and suggestions were invaluable for completing this work. Prof. Paul De Vos and Anne Willems, my PhD supervisors from UGent, thank you very much for taking your time to read my PhD and for your positive feedback. Anne Willems, thank you for being there when I needed the most, in the last months when I could not see the light at the end of this difficult period. All members of the examination committee for their useful suggestions and constructive comments to improve this manuscript. Bart, thank you so much for your direct supervision and encouragement during the whole course of my PhD. Your wide knowledge and scientific input greatly influenced my first steps in the exciting scientific world. Writing the first article is never easy but with your guidance and support it was one of the most important and unforgettable experiences for me. I appreciate your patience, contributions of time and ideas, and seriousness. I am very grateful for our long scientific discussions till late in the evenings while your family was waiting for you. Thank you so much! Dear Johan, thank you for the help provided since I arrived at ILVO, for always listening to me, giving me scientific advice and encouraging me during the tough moments of my PhD. Thank you for making the lab, a pleasant place to work. I should admit that it was always a pleasure to meet your smile and peaceful face which could calm me down at stressful moments. Thank you for everything! My friend Rachid…you were the first person who believed in me before really knowing me. I am very grateful for all the moments we spent together from the saddest to the happiest. Thank you so much for helping me get through the difficult times and for all the unforgettable memories! i Cinzia, we shared not only the office but also a lot of wonderful moments, the long working hours in the greenhouse, my wedding in Romania, and lots of happiness. Thank you for all your help in the lab and for all the weekends you sacrificied to come to wet my plants or to grow a bacteria strain . Anca, Negin, Joanna, Steve, Annelies, Jane, Kris, Pieter, Shana, Mathias, Fran, Caroline, Godfrey, Sanne, both Inge (s), Olivier, Thomas, Brigit, Mireille, Cindy, Nadine, Johan and all the others that I might have forgotten to mention their name here, many thanks for always being so kind and helpful to me. My loving husband, Catalin, who was always my support! Thank you all your love, patience and encouragement. There are no words that can express my gratitude for all you have done for me. I can only say that I am truly blessed. My parents, sister, aunt and uncle for supporting my decision to fly here away from them, who have been so caring and loving. I always knew that you believed in me and wanted the best for me. You helped me shape my career and always guided me at every step in my life. Thank you all for making this possible. Elena May 2017 ii Examination committee Prof. Dr. Savvas Savvides (Chairman) VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC) Ghent University Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE) Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Em. Prof. Dr. Paul De Vos (Promoter) Laboratory for Microbiology Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Dr. Martine Maes (Promoter) Plant Sciences Unit – Plant Health Flanders research institute for agriculture, fisheries and food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium Prof. Dr. Anne Willems (Promoter) Laboratory for Microbiology Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Prof. Dr. Aurélien Carlier (Secretary) Laboratory for Microbiology Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Prof. Dr. Monica Höfte Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium Dr. Danny Vereecke Laboratory of Applied In vitro Plant Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium Dr. Bart Cottyn Plant Sciences Unit – Plant Health Flanders research institute for agriculture, fisheries and food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium Dr. Joël Pothier Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group Institute for Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... i Examination committee ............................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... iv List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................... vii Problem statement and outline .................................................................................................... 1 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Samenvatting ............................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: General introduction .................................................................................................. 13 1.1 The family Araceae ...................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.2 Biology of Araceae plants ..................................................................................................... 15 1.1.3 History and economic importance ....................................................................................... 17 1.1.4 Aroids breeding and cultivation ........................................................................................... 18 1.2 The genus Xanthomonas ............................................................................................................. 20 1.2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 20 1.2.2 Bacterial taxonomy............................................................................................................... 20 1.2.3 Taxonomy of the genus Xanthomonas ................................................................................. 24 1.3 Bacterial blight of aroids ............................................................................................................. 27 1.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 27 1.3.2 Symptoms ............................................................................................................................. 28 1.3.3 Causal Organism ................................................................................................................... 29 1.3.4 Disease cycle and epidemiology ........................................................................................... 30 1.3.5 Geographic distribution ........................................................................................................ 31 1.3.6 Detection and identification ................................................................................................. 32 1.3.7 Control .................................................................................................................................. 33 1.3.8 Economic impact and legislative relevance.......................................................................... 34 1.4 Virulence factors in Xanthomonas .............................................................................................. 35
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv
    atholog P y & nt a M Belete and Bastas, J Plant Pathol Microbiol 2017, 8:3 l i P c f r o o b DOI: 10.4172/2157-7471.1000403 l i Journal of a o l n o r g u y o J ISSN: 2157-7471 Plant Pathology & Microbiology Review Article Article Open Access Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) of Beans with Special Focus on Ethiopian Condition Belete T1* and Bastas KK2 1Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, College of Dry Land Agriculture, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia 2Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Campus/Konya, Turkey Abstract Common bacterial blight (CBB) is the most devastating factor that affects common bean crops in all common bean growing areas. This review was to review with an objective of reviewing the biology, economic importance of CBB of common bean crop disease and its management options, with an emphasis on the future research direction and priorities. CBB disease, caused by the gram-negative bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) and its fuscans variant Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans (Xff) is the major bottleneck in bean production in the world as well as in Ethiopia. It is a serious bacterial disease of common bean which causes lesions on the leaves, stems, pods and seeds of the plant. The disease affects seed quality and can reduce yield by up to 45%, may be more in susceptible cultivars. CBB is very difficult to control due to seed-borne nature of the bacteria and its capacity to produce huge amounts of secondary inoculum.
    [Show full text]
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer Plays a Major Role in the Pathological Convergence of Xanthomonas Lineages on Common Bean Nicolas W
    Chen et al. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:606 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4975-4 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Horizontal gene transfer plays a major role in the pathological convergence of Xanthomonas lineages on common bean Nicolas W. G. Chen1†, Laurana Serres-Giardi1†, Mylène Ruh1, Martial Briand1, Sophie Bonneau1, Armelle Darrasse1, Valérie Barbe2, Lionel Gagnevin3,4, Ralf Koebnik4 and Marie-Agnès Jacques1* Abstract Background: Host specialization is a hallmark of numerous plant pathogens including bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and viruses. Yet, the molecular and evolutionary bases of host specificity are poorly understood. In some cases, pathological convergence is observed for individuals belonging to distant phylogenetic clades. This is the case for Xanthomonas strains responsible for common bacterial blight of bean, spread across four genetic lineages. All the strains from these four lineages converged for pathogenicity on common bean, implying possible gene convergences and/or sharing of a common arsenal of genes conferring the ability to infect common bean. Results: To search for genes involved in common bean specificity, we used a combination of whole-genome analyses without a priori, including a genome scan based on k-mer search. Analysis of 72 genomes from a collection of Xanthomonas pathovars unveiled 115 genes bearing DNA sequences specific to strains responsible for common bacterial blight, including 20 genes located on a plasmid. Of these 115 genes, 88 were involved in successive events of horizontal gene transfers among the four genetic lineages, and 44 contained nonsynonymous polymorphisms unique to the causal agents of common bacterial blight. Conclusions: Our study revealed that host specificity of common bacterial blight agents is associated with a combination of horizontal transfers of genes, and highlights the role of plasmids in these horizontal transfers.
    [Show full text]
  • Xanthomonas Albinileans, Express-PRA Forschung Und
    Express-PRA for Xanthomonas albilineans – Research and Breeding – Prepared by: Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for national and international Plant Health; by: Dr. René Glenz, Dr. Anne Wilstermann; on: 19-10-2020 (Translation by Elke Vogt-Arndt) Initiation: Application for an Express-PRA by the Federal State Bavaria resulting from a request for a special authorisation for the movement and use of the organism for research and breeding purposes. Express-PRA Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby 1929) Dowson 1943 Phytosanitary risk for Germany high medium low Phytosanitary risk for EU high medium low Member States Certainty of the assessment high medium low Conclusion The bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans is endemic to the tropics and subtropics. It causes leaf scald to sugarcane and so far, it is not present in Germany and the EU. So far, the bacterium is not listed, neither in the Annexes of Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 nor by EPPO. Xanthomonas albilineans infects plants of the grass family and is a significant pest on sugarcane. Under certain conditions, relevant damage occurred sporadically on maize, too. Due to inappropriate climatic conditions, it is assumed that X. albilineans cannot establish in the open field in Germany. The establishment in southern European EU Member States is not expected. However, there is a lack of sufficient data to completely rule out the possibility of the establishment of the bacterium. Due to its presumably low damage potential to maize, X. albilineans poses a low phytosanitary risk for Germany and other EU-Member States. Thus, Xanthomonas albilineans is not classified as a quarantine pest and Article 29 of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 does not apply.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Capasso2016dissf.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Agricultural Sciences ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PENNSYLVANIA STONE FRUIT ORCHARDS A Dissertation in Plant Pathology by Sarah J. Capasso © 2016 Sarah J. Capasso Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 ii The dissertation of Sarah Capasso was reviewed and approved* by the following: María del Mar Jiménez Gasco Associate Professor of Plant Pathology Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Beth K. Gugino Associate Professor of Vegetable Pathology Gary W. Moorman Professor Emeritus of Plant Pathology Kari A. Peter Assistant Professor of Tree Fruit Pathology Mary Ann Victoria Bruns Associate Professor of Soil Science/Microbial Ecology Carolee T. Bull Professor of Plant Pathology and Systematic Bacteriology Head of the Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Bacterial spot (caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) is the most important bacterial disease of peach and nectarine in the eastern United States. The antibiotic oxytetracycline is used to mitigate the yield limiting symptoms of this disease. Despite that, yield loss remains high in susceptible stone fruit cultivars, raising concern among growers over the development of antibiotic resistance in the causal pathogen. Previous surveys of the stone fruit orchard bacterial community indicated the presence of oxytetracycline resistant epiphytic bacteria. This was significant because epiphytic or nontarget bacteria are thought to harbor more resistance genes and often before coexisting pathogens. Under a strong selection pressure such as repeated antibiotic applications, transfer of resistance genes from epiphytic bacteria to pathogenic bacteria is favored.
    [Show full text]
  • 20640Edfcb19c0bfb828686027c
    FEMS Microbiology Reviews, fuz024, 44, 2020, 1–32 doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuz024 Advance Access Publication Date: 3 October 2019 Review article REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanistic insights into host adaptation, virulence and epidemiology of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas Shi-Qi An1, Neha Potnis2,MaxDow3,Frank-Jorg¨ Vorholter¨ 4, Yong-Qiang He5, Anke Becker6, Doron Teper7,YiLi8,9,NianWang7, Leonidas Bleris8,9,10 and Ji-Liang Tang5,* 1National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC), Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK, 2Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn University, Auburn AL36849, USA, 3School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland, 4MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund, Brauhausstraße 4, Dortmund 44137, Germany, 5State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China, 6Loewe Center for Synthetic Microbiology and Department of Biology, Philipps-Universitat¨ Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, Marburg 35032, Germany, 7Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred 33850, USA, 8Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 2851 Rutford Ave, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 9Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA and 10Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX75080, USA ∗Corresponding author: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Latest Progress Report
    PROGRESS REPORT PROJECT TITLE: Hyper-Thermostable Enzyme (Lactonases) for use as Microbial Biocontrol Agents for Plant Diseases PROJECT NUMBER: 4136-17SP REPORTING PERIOD: Oct. 1, 2019 – Jan. 31, 2020 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Michael Sadowsky and Mikael Elias ORGANIZATION: University of Minnesota PHONE NUMBER: 612-624-2706 EMAIL: [email protected] Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn) Dose Response Assay for Corn Leaves Maize growth Maize cv Viking seed (40-30UP) were grown in Euro pots (diameter 8 inch) with a sterilized soil mixture (50 standard soil/ 50 Germinating Mix) in a plant growth chamber under diurnal conditions with a 16 hour light at 22 ˚C and 8 hour dark cycle at 18˚C. Bacteria working solution Firstly, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (causing Goss's bacterial wilt & leaf blight on Maize) was grown on NBY agar at room temperature (for ~5 days). Then, a single colony of Cmn was transferred into the fresh NBY plate. After three days, Cmn was centrifuged 8 and suspended into 1X PBS to obtain working solution at OD540=0.1 ( about 10 cell/ml). Infection assays and results The corn leaves were scraped with sterilized sandpaper and inoculated serial diluted cells from 106, 105,104,103,102,10,0 cells on the scraped corn leaf, respectively. The effect of each concentration of Cmn on disease was evaluated using triplicate samples. After 18 days, Goss’s Wilt Symptoms were observed at two highest concentrations (106 and105) experiments. 106 105 104 103 102 10 0 Cmn + + - - - - - 1 To better quantify the effect on plant disease, we adopted the use of chlorosis assay that non- destructively measures plant chlorophyll in control and diseased corn leaf tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • For Publication European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization PM 7/24(3)
    For publication European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization PM 7/24(3) Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes 18-23616 (17-23373,17- 23279, 17- 23240) Diagnostics Diagnostic PM 7/24 (3) Xylella fastidiosa Specific scope This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Xylella fastidiosa. 1 It should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols. Specific approval and amendment First approved in 2004-09. Revised in 2016-09 and 2018-XX.2 1 Introduction Xylella fastidiosa causes many important plant diseases such as Pierce's disease of grapevine, phony peach disease, plum leaf scald and citrus variegated chlorosis disease, olive scorch disease, as well as leaf scorch on almond and on shade trees in urban landscapes, e.g. Ulmus sp. (elm), Quercus sp. (oak), Platanus sycamore (American sycamore), Morus sp. (mulberry) and Acer sp. (maple). Based on current knowledge, X. fastidiosa occurs primarily on the American continent (Almeida & Nunney, 2015). A distant relative found in Taiwan on Nashi pears (Leu & Su, 1993) is another species named X. taiwanensis (Su et al., 2016). However, X. fastidiosa was also confirmed on grapevine in Taiwan (Su et al., 2014). The presence of X. fastidiosa on almond and grapevine in Iran (Amanifar et al., 2014) was reported (based on isolation and pathogenicity tests, but so far strain(s) are not available). The reports from Turkey (Guldur et al., 2005; EPPO, 2014), Lebanon (Temsah et al., 2015; Habib et al., 2016) and Kosovo (Berisha et al., 1998; EPPO, 1998) are unconfirmed and are considered invalid. Since 2012, different European countries have reported interception of infected coffee plants from Latin America (Mexico, Ecuador, Costa Rica and Honduras) (Legendre et al., 2014; Bergsma-Vlami et al., 2015; Jacques et al., 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • As X. Vasicola Pv. Arecae Comb
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Transfer of Xanthomonas campestris pv. arecae and X. campestris pv. musacearum to X. vasicola (Vauterin) as X. vasicola pv. arecae comb. nov. and X. vasicola pv. musacearum comb. nov. and Description of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum pv. nov. AUTHORS Studholme, DJ; Wicker, E; Abrare, SM; et al. JOURNAL Phytopathology DEPOSITED IN ORE 24 January 2020 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/40555 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Phytopathology • XXXX • XXX:X-X • https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-19-0098-LE Letters to the Editor Transfer of Xanthomonas campestris pv. arecae and X. campestris pv. musacearum to X. vasicola (Vauterin) as X. vasicola pv. arecae comb. nov. and X. vasicola pv. musacearum comb. nov. and Description of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum pv. nov. David J. Studholme,1,† Emmanuel Wicker,2 Sadik Muzemil Abrare,3 Andrew Aspin,4 Adam Bogdanove,5 Kirk Broders,6 Zoe Dubrow,5 Murray Grant,7 Jeffrey B. Jones,8 Georgina Karamura,9 Jillian Lang,10 Jan Leach,10 George Mahuku,11 Gloria Valentine Nakato,12 Teresa Coutinho,13 Julian Smith,4 and Carolee T. Bull14 1 Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. 2 IPME, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France 3 Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Areka Agricultural Research Center, Areka, Ethiopia 4 Fera Science Ltd., York, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Analysis of Seven Effector Protein Families with Different Adaptive and Evolutionary Histories in Plant-Associated Members of the Xanthomonadaceae
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Identification and analysis of seven effector protein families with different adaptive and evolutionary histories in plant-associated members of the Xanthomonadaceae. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t8016h3 Journal Scientific reports, 7(1) ISSN 2045-2322 Authors Assis, Renata de AB Polloni, Lorraine Cristina Patané, José SL et al. Publication Date 2017-11-23 DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-16325-1 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Identifcation and analysis of seven efector protein families with diferent adaptive and Received: 8 August 2017 Accepted: 9 November 2017 evolutionary histories in plant- Published: xx xx xxxx associated members of the Xanthomonadaceae Renata de A. B. Assis 1, Lorraine Cristina Polloni2, José S. L. Patané3, Shalabh Thakur4, Érica B. Felestrino1, Julio Diaz-Caballero4, Luciano Antonio Digiampietri 5, Luiz Ricardo Goulart2, Nalvo F. Almeida 6, Rafael Nascimento2, Abhaya M. Dandekar7, Paulo A. Zaini2,7, João C. Setubal3, David S. Guttman 4,8 & Leandro Marcio Moreira1,9 The Xanthomonadaceae family consists of species of non-pathogenic and pathogenic γ-proteobacteria that infect diferent hosts, including humans and plants. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis using 69 fully sequenced genomes belonging to this family, with a focus on identifying proteins enriched in phytopathogens that could explain the lifestyle and the ability to infect plants. Using a computational approach, we identifed seven phytopathogen-enriched protein families putatively secreted by type II secretory system: PheA (CM-sec), LipA/LesA, VirK, and four families involved in N-glycan degradation, NixE, NixF, NixL, and FucA1.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Sequencing of Xanthomonas Vasicola Pathovar Vasculorum Reveals Variation in Plasmids and Genes Encoding Lipopolysaccharid
    Pathogens 2014, 3, 211-237; doi:10.3390/pathogens3010211 OPEN ACCESS pathogens ISSN 2076-0817 www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens Article Genome Sequencing of Xanthomonas vasicola Pathovar vasculorum Reveals Variation in Plasmids and Genes Encoding Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis, Type-IV Pilus and Type-III Secretion Effectors Arthur Wasukira 1,2, Max Coulter 1, Noorah Al-Sowayeh 1, Richard Thwaites 3, Konrad Paszkiewicz 1, Jerome Kubiriba 2, Julian Smith 3, Murray Grant 1 and David J. Studholme 1,* 1 Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (N.A.-S.); [email protected] (K.P.); [email protected] (M.G.) 2 National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Kampala 7084, Uganda; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK; E-Mails: [email protected] (R.T.); [email protected] (J.S.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-(0)-1392-72-4678. Received: 13 December 2013; in revised form: 10 February 2014 / Accepted: 3 March 2014 / Published: 18 March 2014 Abstract: Xanthomonas vasicola pathovar vasculorum (Xvv) is the bacterial agent causing gumming disease in sugarcane. Here, we compare complete genome sequences for five isolates of Xvv originating from sugarcane and one from maize. This identified two distinct types of lipopolysaccharide synthesis gene clusters among Xvv isolates: one is similar to that of Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri (Xac) and is probably the ancestral type, while the other is similar to those of the sugarcane-inhabiting species, Xanthomonas sacchari.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacteria-Killing Type IV Secretion Systems
    fmicb-10-01078 May 18, 2019 Time: 16:6 # 1 REVIEW published: 21 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01078 Bacteria-Killing Type IV Secretion Systems Germán G. Sgro1†, Gabriel U. Oka1†, Diorge P. Souza1‡, William Cenens1, Ethel Bayer-Santos1‡, Bruno Y. Matsuyama1, Natalia F. Bueno1, Thiago Rodrigo dos Santos1, Cristina E. Alvarez-Martinez2, Roberto K. Salinas1 and Chuck S. Farah1* 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Edited by: Campinas, Brazil Ignacio Arechaga, University of Cantabria, Spain Reviewed by: Bacteria have been constantly competing for nutrients and space for billions of years. Elisabeth Grohmann, During this time, they have evolved many different molecular mechanisms by which Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, to secrete proteinaceous effectors in order to manipulate and often kill rival bacterial Germany Xiancai Rao, and eukaryotic cells. These processes often employ large multimeric transmembrane Army Medical University, China nanomachines that have been classified as types I–IX secretion systems. One of the *Correspondence: most evolutionarily versatile are the Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs), which have Chuck S. Farah [email protected] been shown to be able to secrete macromolecules directly into both eukaryotic and †These authors have contributed prokaryotic cells. Until recently, examples of T4SS-mediated macromolecule transfer equally to this work from one bacterium to another was restricted to protein-DNA complexes during ‡ Present address: bacterial conjugation. This view changed when it was shown by our group that many Diorge P.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter to the Editor Pcr Detection and Identification of Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria: Updated Review of Protocols (1989-2007)
    002_LetterEditor_249 25-06-2009 10:41 Pagina 249 Journal of Plant Pathology (2009), 91 (2), 249-297 Edizioni ETS Pisa, 2009 249 LETTER TO THE EDITOR PCR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA: UPDATED REVIEW OF PROTOCOLS (1989-2007) A. Palacio-Bielsa1, M.A. Cambra2 and M.M. López3* 1 Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avenida Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain 2 Centro de Protección Vegetal (CPV), Gobierno de Aragón, Avenida Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain 3 Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain SUMMARY occur, so highly sensitive protocols are required. Nucle- ic-acid based tests offer greater sensitivity, specificity, re- PCR-based methods offer advantages over more tra- liability and may be quicker than many conventional ditional diagnostic tests, in that organisms do not need methods used to detect plant-pathogenic bacteria in dif- to be cultured prior to their detection and protocols are ferent plant hosts and environments. With the develop- highly sensitive and rapid. Consequently, there is a shift ment of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and especial- in research towards DNA-based techniques. Although ly real-time PCR, such high sensitivity is achieved, im- reports already exist on a variety of PCR-based finger- proving the accuracy of pathogen detection and identifi- printing assays used to analyse the genetic diversity of cation (Mullis, 1987; Holland et al., 1991; Vincelli and bacterial populations and define their relationships, this Tisserat, 2008). review focuses on the general use of PCR in phytobacte- Globalisation implies that state borders have become riology for detection and diagnosis purposes.
    [Show full text]