DOCSLIB.ORG

000468384900002.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
000468384900002.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS DA UNICAMP REPOSITÓRIO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTIFICA E INTELECTUAL DA UNICAMP Versão do arquivo anexado / Version of attached file: Versão do Editor / Published Version Mais informações no site da editora / Further information on publisher's website: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01078/full DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01078 Direitos autorais / Publisher's copyright statement: ©2019 by Frontiers Research Foundation. All rights reserved. DIRETORIA DE TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Barão Geraldo CEP 13083-970 – Campinas SP Fone: (19) 3521-6493 http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br fmicb-10-01078 May 18, 2019 Time: 16:6 # 1 REVIEW published: 21 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01078 Bacteria-Killing Type IV Secretion Systems Germán G. Sgro1†, Gabriel U. Oka1†, Diorge P. Souza1‡, William Cenens1, Ethel Bayer-Santos1‡, Bruno Y. Matsuyama1, Natalia F. Bueno1, Thiago Rodrigo dos Santos1, Cristina E. Alvarez-Martinez2, Roberto K. Salinas1 and Chuck S. Farah1* 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Edited by: Campinas, Brazil Ignacio Arechaga, University of Cantabria, Spain Reviewed by: Bacteria have been constantly competing for nutrients and space for billions of years. Elisabeth Grohmann, During this time, they have evolved many different molecular mechanisms by which Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, to secrete proteinaceous effectors in order to manipulate and often kill rival bacterial Germany Xiancai Rao, and eukaryotic cells. These processes often employ large multimeric transmembrane Army Medical University, China nanomachines that have been classified as types I–IX secretion systems. One of the *Correspondence: most evolutionarily versatile are the Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs), which have Chuck S. Farah [email protected] been shown to be able to secrete macromolecules directly into both eukaryotic and †These authors have contributed prokaryotic cells. Until recently, examples of T4SS-mediated macromolecule transfer equally to this work from one bacterium to another was restricted to protein-DNA complexes during ‡ Present address: bacterial conjugation. This view changed when it was shown by our group that many Diorge P. Souza, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Xanthomonas species carry a T4SS that is specialized to transfer toxic bacterial effectors Biology, University College London, into rival bacterial cells, resulting in cell death. This review will focus on this special London, United Kingdom subtype of T4SS by describing its distinguishing features, similar systems in other Ethel Bayer-Santos, Departamento de Microbiologia, proteobacterial genomes, and the nature of the effectors secreted by these systems Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, and their cognate inhibitors. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Keywords: bacterial competition, Xanthomonadales, type IV immunity protein, type IV secretion effector, type IV secretion system, X-Tfe, X-Tfi, X-T4SS Specialty section: This article was submitted to Microbial Physiology and Metabolism, INTRODUCTION a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) have been studied since the birth of modern molecular biology, Received: 15 March 2019 starting with the description of bacterial conjugation over 70 years ago (Lederberg and Tatum, Accepted: 29 April 2019 1946). It quickly became evident that the T4SS-mediated horizontal transfer of genetic material Published: 21 May 2019 is a major contributor to bacterial evolution, making it necessary to consider lateral connections Citation: between lineages for a complete description of the bacterial tree of life (de la Cruz and Davies, 2000). Sgro GG, Oka GU, Souza DP, Horizontal gene transfer is also one of the principal mechanisms for the spread of genes conferring Cenens W, Bayer-Santos E, resistance to antibiotics (Cabezon et al., 2015). Moreover, many pathogenic bacteria use T4SSs to Matsuyama BY, Bueno NF, facilitate their proliferation and survival inside eukaryotic hosts, typically by the secretion of protein dos Santos TR, Alvarez-Martinez CE, Salinas RK and Farah CS (2019) effectors or protein-DNA complexes (Gonzalez-Rivera et al., 2016). T4SSs are thus important Bacteria-Killing Type IV Secretion virulence factors in a variety of human diseases, including whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis; Systems. Front. Microbiol. 10:1078. Locht et al., 2011; Carbonetti, 2015), cat-scratch fever (Bartonella henselae; Siamer and Dehio, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01078 2015), brucellosis (Brucella spp.; Ke et al., 2015), Legionnaire’s pneumonia (Legionella pneumophila; Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1 May 2019 | Volume 10 | Article 1078 fmicb-10-01078 May 18, 2019 Time: 16:6 # 2 Sgro et al. Bacteria-Killing Type IV Secretion Systems Finsel and Hilbi, 2015), Q fever (Coxiella burnetii; Moffatt et al., and size diversity has been observed for many of the subunits 2015) and peptic ulcer and gastric cancer (Helicobacter pylori; in different species. This is perhaps most starkly exemplified Naumann et al., 2017). One of the most well-characterized when considering the H. pylori Cag T4SS which, in addition to T4SSs is that of Agrobacterium tumefaciens which injects orthologs of the basic set of canonical class A subunits, possesses nucleoprotein complexes and protein factors into plant cells another five subunits that are required for proper function (Alvarez-Martinez and Christie, 2009; Li and Christie, 2018). (Backert et al., 2015; Frick-Cheng et al., 2016). Furthermore, specialized T4SSs from Neisseria gonorrhoeae or The even more distantly related class B includes T4SSs found H. pylori secrete DNA to the extracellular milieu or uptake DNA in the pathogens L. pneumophila, C. burnetii, and Rickettsiella from the environment to the bacterial cytoplasm, respectively grylli as well as in the IncI conjugative plasmids R64 and ColIb- (Hofreuter et al., 2001; Hamilton et al., 2005; Callaghan et al., P9 (Sexton and Vogel, 2002). L. pneumophila causes Legionnaire’s 2017). Finally, the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri (Oliveira disease in humans by infecting alveolar macrophages where et al., 2016; Sgro et al., 2018; Souza et al., 2015) and, more it replicates within a specialized vacuole (Backert and Meyer, recently, the opportunistic human pathogen Stenotrophomonas 2006; Ensminger and Isberg, 2009). Its Dot/Icm T4SS is made maltophilia (preprint: Bayer-Santos et al., 2019), have been shown up of 27 components and secretes more than 300 effector to use a T4SS to inject toxic effectors into target bacteria, thus proteins that manipulate signal transduction pathways in the inducing the death of rival cells (Figure 1). host cell, primarily affecting organelle trafficking (Hilbi et al., T4SSs are structurally very diverse. For example, the 2017; Qiu and Luo, 2017). The bacteria-killing T4SSs, which is related pKM101 and R388 plasmid-encoded conjugation systems the topic of this review, belong to the canonical class A T4SSs, (Chandran et al., 2009; Fronzes et al., 2009; Rivera-Calzada et al., although they do have some structurally distinguishing features 2013) and the pathogenic Legionella Dot/Icm (Ghosal et al., 2017; as described below. Chetrit et al., 2018) and H. pylori Cag (Frick-Cheng et al., 2016; The Xanthomonadales order of Gammaproteobacteria Chang et al., 2018) effector-secreting systems, while all exhibiting (Saddler and Bradbury, 2007), recently divided into two an outer membrane-associated core complex with 14-fold or 13- orders, Xanthomonadales (families Xanthomonadaceae and fold symmetry, present significantly different features in terms of Rhodanobacteraceae) and Nevskiales (Naushad et al., 2015), their overall size. These systems also display a varied set of both include several hundred phytopathogenic species of the functional and structural subunits, and even the homologous genera Xanthomonas and Xylella as well as important and subunits have very low sequence similarity and frequently present ubiquitous soil, water and plant-associated bacteria of the genera modified domain architectures (Alvarez-Martinez and Christie, Stenotrophomonas, Lysobacter, Luteimonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, 2009; Christie et al., 2014; Guglielmini et al., 2014; Christie, Rhodanobacter, Luteibacter, Dyella, Frateuria, Aquimonas, 2016; Grohmann et al., 2017). For these reasons, the T4SSs from and others (Van Sluys et al., 2002; Saddler and Bradbury, Gram-negative bacteria have been divided into two major classes, 2007; Looney et al., 2009; Mansfield et al., 2012). Some denoted A and B (Christie and Vogel, 2000), and classification Stenotrophomonas strains are opportunistic pathogens of systems based on detailed phylogenetic analysis have divided immunosuppressed human patients (Chang et al., 2015) and Gram-negative and Gram-positive T4SSs into up to 8 classes some Stenotrophomonas and Lysobacter strains have been (Guglielmini et al., 2014). recognized as potential biological control agents in combating The canonical class A, best represented by the A. tumefaciens plant diseases caused by fungi or other bacteria (Hayward vir system and those coded by conjugative plasmids pKM101, et al., 2010; Mukherjee and Roy, 2016; Panthee et al., 2016). R388, and RP4, have the basic set of 12 conserved subunits, Other species from the genera Lysobacter
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv
    atholog P y & nt a M Belete and Bastas, J Plant Pathol Microbiol 2017, 8:3 l i P c f r o o b DOI: 10.4172/2157-7471.1000403 l i Journal of a o l n o r g u y o J ISSN: 2157-7471 Plant Pathology & Microbiology Review Article Article Open Access Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) of Beans with Special Focus on Ethiopian Condition Belete T1* and Bastas KK2 1Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, College of Dry Land Agriculture, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia 2Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Campus/Konya, Turkey Abstract Common bacterial blight (CBB) is the most devastating factor that affects common bean crops in all common bean growing areas. This review was to review with an objective of reviewing the biology, economic importance of CBB of common bean crop disease and its management options, with an emphasis on the future research direction and priorities. CBB disease, caused by the gram-negative bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) and its fuscans variant Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans (Xff) is the major bottleneck in bean production in the world as well as in Ethiopia. It is a serious bacterial disease of common bean which causes lesions on the leaves, stems, pods and seeds of the plant. The disease affects seed quality and can reduce yield by up to 45%, may be more in susceptible cultivars. CBB is very difficult to control due to seed-borne nature of the bacteria and its capacity to produce huge amounts of secondary inoculum.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Interior Microbiome of Rice Genotypes Indigenous to Three
    Raj et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:924 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6334-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Seed interior microbiome of rice genotypes indigenous to three agroecosystems of Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot Garima Raj1*, Mohammad Shadab1, Sujata Deka1, Manashi Das1, Jilmil Baruah1, Rupjyoti Bharali2 and Narayan C. Talukdar1* Abstract Background: Seeds of plants are a confirmation of their next generation and come associated with a unique microbia community. Vertical transmission of this microbiota signifies the importance of these organisms for a healthy seedling and thus a healthier next generation for both symbionts. Seed endophytic bacterial community composition is guided by plant genotype and many environmental factors. In north-east India, within a narrow geographical region, several indigenous rice genotypes are cultivated across broad agroecosystems having standing water in fields ranging from 0-2 m during their peak growth stage. Here we tried to trap the effect of rice genotypes and agroecosystems where they are cultivated on the rice seed microbiota. We used culturable and metagenomics approaches to explore the seed endophytic bacterial diversity of seven rice genotypes (8 replicate hills) grown across three agroecosystems. Results: From seven growth media, 16 different species of culturable EB were isolated. A predictive metabolic pathway analysis of the EB showed the presence of many plant growth promoting traits such as siroheme synthesis, nitrate reduction, phosphate acquisition, etc. Vitamin B12 biosynthesis restricted to bacteria and archaea; pathways were also detected in the EB of two landraces. Analysis of 522,134 filtered metagenomic sequencing reads obtained from seed samples (n=56) gave 4061 OTUs.
    [Show full text]
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer Plays a Major Role in the Pathological Convergence of Xanthomonas Lineages on Common Bean Nicolas W
    Chen et al. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:606 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4975-4 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Horizontal gene transfer plays a major role in the pathological convergence of Xanthomonas lineages on common bean Nicolas W. G. Chen1†, Laurana Serres-Giardi1†, Mylène Ruh1, Martial Briand1, Sophie Bonneau1, Armelle Darrasse1, Valérie Barbe2, Lionel Gagnevin3,4, Ralf Koebnik4 and Marie-Agnès Jacques1* Abstract Background: Host specialization is a hallmark of numerous plant pathogens including bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and viruses. Yet, the molecular and evolutionary bases of host specificity are poorly understood. In some cases, pathological convergence is observed for individuals belonging to distant phylogenetic clades. This is the case for Xanthomonas strains responsible for common bacterial blight of bean, spread across four genetic lineages. All the strains from these four lineages converged for pathogenicity on common bean, implying possible gene convergences and/or sharing of a common arsenal of genes conferring the ability to infect common bean. Results: To search for genes involved in common bean specificity, we used a combination of whole-genome analyses without a priori, including a genome scan based on k-mer search. Analysis of 72 genomes from a collection of Xanthomonas pathovars unveiled 115 genes bearing DNA sequences specific to strains responsible for common bacterial blight, including 20 genes located on a plasmid. Of these 115 genes, 88 were involved in successive events of horizontal gene transfers among the four genetic lineages, and 44 contained nonsynonymous polymorphisms unique to the causal agents of common bacterial blight. Conclusions: Our study revealed that host specificity of common bacterial blight agents is associated with a combination of horizontal transfers of genes, and highlights the role of plasmids in these horizontal transfers.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Mining Reveals the Genus Xanthomonas to Be A
    Royer et al. BMC Genomics 2013, 14:658 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/14/658 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genome mining reveals the genus Xanthomonas to be a promising reservoir for new bioactive non-ribosomally synthesized peptides Monique Royer1, Ralf Koebnik2, Mélanie Marguerettaz1, Valérie Barbe3, Guillaume P Robin2, Chrystelle Brin4, Sébastien Carrere5, Camila Gomez1, Manuela Hügelland6, Ginka H Völler6, Julie Noëll1, Isabelle Pieretti1, Saskia Rausch6, Valérie Verdier2, Stéphane Poussier7, Philippe Rott1, Roderich D Süssmuth6 and Stéphane Cociancich1* Abstract Background: Various bacteria can use non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS) to produce peptides or other small molecules. Conserved features within the NRPS machinery allow the type, and sometimes even the structure, of the synthesized polypeptide to be predicted. Thus, bacterial genome mining via in silico analyses of NRPS genes offers an attractive opportunity to uncover new bioactive non-ribosomally synthesized peptides. Xanthomonas is a large genus of Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in hundreds of plant species. To date, the only known small molecule synthesized by NRPS in this genus is albicidin produced by Xanthomonas albilineans. This study aims to estimate the biosynthetic potential of Xanthomonas spp. by in silico analyses of NRPS genes with unknown function recently identified in the sequenced genomes of X. albilineans and related species of Xanthomonas. Results: We performed in silico analyses of NRPS genes present in all published genome sequences of Xanthomonas spp., as well as in unpublished draft genome sequences of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain BAI3 and Xanthomonas spp. strain XaS3. These two latter strains, together with X. albilineans strain GPE PC73 and X.
    [Show full text]
  • 20640Edfcb19c0bfb828686027c
    FEMS Microbiology Reviews, fuz024, 44, 2020, 1–32 doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuz024 Advance Access Publication Date: 3 October 2019 Review article REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanistic insights into host adaptation, virulence and epidemiology of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas Shi-Qi An1, Neha Potnis2,MaxDow3,Frank-Jorg¨ Vorholter¨ 4, Yong-Qiang He5, Anke Becker6, Doron Teper7,YiLi8,9,NianWang7, Leonidas Bleris8,9,10 and Ji-Liang Tang5,* 1National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC), Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK, 2Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn University, Auburn AL36849, USA, 3School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland, 4MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund, Brauhausstraße 4, Dortmund 44137, Germany, 5State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China, 6Loewe Center for Synthetic Microbiology and Department of Biology, Philipps-Universitat¨ Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, Marburg 35032, Germany, 7Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred 33850, USA, 8Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 2851 Rutford Ave, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 9Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA and 10Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX75080, USA ∗Corresponding author: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycophagous Soil Bacteria
    MYCOPHAGOUS SOIL BACTERIA MAX-BERNHARD RUDNICK Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr Wietse de Boer Professor of Microbial Soil Ecology Wageningen University Co-promotor Prof. Dr Hans van Veen Professor of Microbial Ecology Leiden University Other members Prof. Dr Kornelia Smalla, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany Prof. Dr Michael Bonkowski, Cologne University, Germany Prof. Dr Joana Falcão Salles, Groningen University Prof. Dr Hauke Smidt, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology & Resource Conservation (PE&RC) MYCOPHAGOUS SOIL BACTERIA MAX-BERNHARD RUDNICK Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday 13th of February 2015 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Max-Bernhard Rudnick Mycophagous soil bacteria 161 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2015) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English. ISBN: 978-94-6257-253-9 “Imagination is more important than knowledge” - Albert Einstein - - A l b e r t E i n s t e i n - TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 9 INTRODUCTION COLLIMONADS AND OTHER MYCOPHAGOUS SOIL BACTERIA 11 CHAPTER TWO OXALIC ACID: A SIGNAL MOLECULE FOR FUNGUS-FEEDING BACTERIA OF THE GENUS COLLIMONAS? 21 CHAPTER THREE EARLY COLONIZERS OF NEW HABITATS REPRESENT A MINORITY OF THE SOIL BACTERIAL COMMUNITY
    [Show full text]
  • Disease of Aquatic Organisms 103:77
    The following supplement accompanies the article Screening bacterial metabolites for inhibitory effects against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis using a spectrophotometric assay Sara C. Bell1,*, Ross A. Alford1, Stephen Garland2, Gabriel Padilla3, Annette D. Thomas4 1School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 2School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 3Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 4Tropical and Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Oonoonba, Queensland 4811, Australia *Email: [email protected] Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 103: 77–85 (2013) Supplement. The taxonomic affiliation of bacterial isolates that were totally inhibitory to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and details of the molecular methods that were used to generate these data MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA extraction Axenic isolates in 400 μl molecular grade water were subjected to 3 freeze–thaw cycles (+70/–80°C; 10 min each) and then centrifuged at 7500 × g (5 min) to pellet the cells. The supernatant was used directly as a template in the DNA amplification reaction. If this was unsuccessful, isolates were extracted using a Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit as per the manufacturer’s protocol, with pretreatment for Gram-negative bacteria. Amplification of 16s rRNA gene DNA from pure bacterial isolates was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on Bio-Rad C1000/S1000 thermal cyclers with the bacteria-specific primer 8F (5’-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3’) and the universal primer 1492R (5’-GGT TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T-3’) (Lane 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Download Latest Progress Report
    PROGRESS REPORT PROJECT TITLE: Hyper-Thermostable Enzyme (Lactonases) for use as Microbial Biocontrol Agents for Plant Diseases PROJECT NUMBER: 4136-17SP REPORTING PERIOD: Oct. 1, 2019 – Jan. 31, 2020 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Michael Sadowsky and Mikael Elias ORGANIZATION: University of Minnesota PHONE NUMBER: 612-624-2706 EMAIL: [email protected] Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn) Dose Response Assay for Corn Leaves Maize growth Maize cv Viking seed (40-30UP) were grown in Euro pots (diameter 8 inch) with a sterilized soil mixture (50 standard soil/ 50 Germinating Mix) in a plant growth chamber under diurnal conditions with a 16 hour light at 22 ˚C and 8 hour dark cycle at 18˚C. Bacteria working solution Firstly, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (causing Goss's bacterial wilt & leaf blight on Maize) was grown on NBY agar at room temperature (for ~5 days). Then, a single colony of Cmn was transferred into the fresh NBY plate. After three days, Cmn was centrifuged 8 and suspended into 1X PBS to obtain working solution at OD540=0.1 ( about 10 cell/ml). Infection assays and results The corn leaves were scraped with sterilized sandpaper and inoculated serial diluted cells from 106, 105,104,103,102,10,0 cells on the scraped corn leaf, respectively. The effect of each concentration of Cmn on disease was evaluated using triplicate samples. After 18 days, Goss’s Wilt Symptoms were observed at two highest concentrations (106 and105) experiments. 106 105 104 103 102 10 0 Cmn + + - - - - - 1 To better quantify the effect on plant disease, we adopted the use of chlorosis assay that non- destructively measures plant chlorophyll in control and diseased corn leaf tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • For Publication European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization PM 7/24(3)
    For publication European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization PM 7/24(3) Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes 18-23616 (17-23373,17- 23279, 17- 23240) Diagnostics Diagnostic PM 7/24 (3) Xylella fastidiosa Specific scope This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Xylella fastidiosa. 1 It should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols. Specific approval and amendment First approved in 2004-09. Revised in 2016-09 and 2018-XX.2 1 Introduction Xylella fastidiosa causes many important plant diseases such as Pierce's disease of grapevine, phony peach disease, plum leaf scald and citrus variegated chlorosis disease, olive scorch disease, as well as leaf scorch on almond and on shade trees in urban landscapes, e.g. Ulmus sp. (elm), Quercus sp. (oak), Platanus sycamore (American sycamore), Morus sp. (mulberry) and Acer sp. (maple). Based on current knowledge, X. fastidiosa occurs primarily on the American continent (Almeida & Nunney, 2015). A distant relative found in Taiwan on Nashi pears (Leu & Su, 1993) is another species named X. taiwanensis (Su et al., 2016). However, X. fastidiosa was also confirmed on grapevine in Taiwan (Su et al., 2014). The presence of X. fastidiosa on almond and grapevine in Iran (Amanifar et al., 2014) was reported (based on isolation and pathogenicity tests, but so far strain(s) are not available). The reports from Turkey (Guldur et al., 2005; EPPO, 2014), Lebanon (Temsah et al., 2015; Habib et al., 2016) and Kosovo (Berisha et al., 1998; EPPO, 1998) are unconfirmed and are considered invalid. Since 2012, different European countries have reported interception of infected coffee plants from Latin America (Mexico, Ecuador, Costa Rica and Honduras) (Legendre et al., 2014; Bergsma-Vlami et al., 2015; Jacques et al., 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L) Under Laboratory Conditions
    1 Luteibacter rhizovicinus MIMR1 promotes root development in 2 barley (Hordeum vulgare L) under laboratory conditions 3 4 Simone Guglielmettia,*, Roberto Basilicoa, Valentina Tavernitia, Stefania Ariolia, Claudia b c 5 Piagnani , Andrea Bernacchi 6 7 a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Food 8 Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy 9 b Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy 10 c Sacco S.r.l., Cadorago, Italy 11 12 13 14 *Corresponding author: Department of Food, environmental and Nutritional Sciences 15 (DeFENS), Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Università degli Studi di Milano, 16 Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy. Tel.: +39 02 50319136. Fax: +39 02 503 19292. E-mail: 17 [email protected] 1 18 Abstract 19 In order to preserve environmental quality, alternative strategies to chemical-intensive agriculture are 20 strongly needed. In this study, we characterized in vitro the potential plant growth promoting (PGP) 21 properties of a gamma-proteobacterium, named MIMR1, originally isolated from apple shoots in 22 micropropagation. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence allowed the taxonomic identification of 23 MIMR1 as Luteibacter rhizovicinus. The PGP properties of MIMR1 were compared to Pseudomonas 24 chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca DSM 19603T, which was selected as a reference PGP bacterium. By 25 means of in vitro experiments, we showed that L. rhizovicinus MIMR1 and P. chlororaphis DSM 19603T 26 have the ability to produce molecules able to chelate ferric ions and solubilize monocalcium phosphate. 27 On the contrary, both strains were apparently unable to solubilize tricalcium phosphate.
    [Show full text]
  • As X. Vasicola Pv. Arecae Comb
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Transfer of Xanthomonas campestris pv. arecae and X. campestris pv. musacearum to X. vasicola (Vauterin) as X. vasicola pv. arecae comb. nov. and X. vasicola pv. musacearum comb. nov. and Description of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum pv. nov. AUTHORS Studholme, DJ; Wicker, E; Abrare, SM; et al. JOURNAL Phytopathology DEPOSITED IN ORE 24 January 2020 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/40555 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Phytopathology • XXXX • XXX:X-X • https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-19-0098-LE Letters to the Editor Transfer of Xanthomonas campestris pv. arecae and X. campestris pv. musacearum to X. vasicola (Vauterin) as X. vasicola pv. arecae comb. nov. and X. vasicola pv. musacearum comb. nov. and Description of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum pv. nov. David J. Studholme,1,† Emmanuel Wicker,2 Sadik Muzemil Abrare,3 Andrew Aspin,4 Adam Bogdanove,5 Kirk Broders,6 Zoe Dubrow,5 Murray Grant,7 Jeffrey B. Jones,8 Georgina Karamura,9 Jillian Lang,10 Jan Leach,10 George Mahuku,11 Gloria Valentine Nakato,12 Teresa Coutinho,13 Julian Smith,4 and Carolee T. Bull14 1 Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. 2 IPME, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France 3 Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Areka Agricultural Research Center, Areka, Ethiopia 4 Fera Science Ltd., York, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Analysis of Seven Effector Protein Families with Different Adaptive and Evolutionary Histories in Plant-Associated Members of the Xanthomonadaceae
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Identification and analysis of seven effector protein families with different adaptive and evolutionary histories in plant-associated members of the Xanthomonadaceae. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t8016h3 Journal Scientific reports, 7(1) ISSN 2045-2322 Authors Assis, Renata de AB Polloni, Lorraine Cristina Patané, José SL et al. Publication Date 2017-11-23 DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-16325-1 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Identifcation and analysis of seven efector protein families with diferent adaptive and Received: 8 August 2017 Accepted: 9 November 2017 evolutionary histories in plant- Published: xx xx xxxx associated members of the Xanthomonadaceae Renata de A. B. Assis 1, Lorraine Cristina Polloni2, José S. L. Patané3, Shalabh Thakur4, Érica B. Felestrino1, Julio Diaz-Caballero4, Luciano Antonio Digiampietri 5, Luiz Ricardo Goulart2, Nalvo F. Almeida 6, Rafael Nascimento2, Abhaya M. Dandekar7, Paulo A. Zaini2,7, João C. Setubal3, David S. Guttman 4,8 & Leandro Marcio Moreira1,9 The Xanthomonadaceae family consists of species of non-pathogenic and pathogenic γ-proteobacteria that infect diferent hosts, including humans and plants. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis using 69 fully sequenced genomes belonging to this family, with a focus on identifying proteins enriched in phytopathogens that could explain the lifestyle and the ability to infect plants. Using a computational approach, we identifed seven phytopathogen-enriched protein families putatively secreted by type II secretory system: PheA (CM-sec), LipA/LesA, VirK, and four families involved in N-glycan degradation, NixE, NixF, NixL, and FucA1.
    [Show full text]