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Malaria Prevention in Travellers from the UK 2021

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Malaria Prevention in Travellers from the UK 2021 Guidelines for malaria prevention in travellers from the UK 2021 1 Guidelines for malaria prevention in travellers from the UK 2021 Contents List of tables ................................................................................................................................. 3 List of figures ................................................................................................................................ 3 Executive summary ...................................................................................................................... 7 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 10 General Issues ........................................................................................................................... 12 Awareness of risk ....................................................................................................................... 14 Bite prevention ................................................................................................................................ 20 Chemoprophylaxis .......................................................................................................................... 26 Diagnosis ........................................................................................................................................ 53 Special groups (medical conditions) ............................................................................................... 56 Special categories .......................................................................................................................... 65 Frequently asked questions ............................................................................................................ 78 Information resources ..................................................................................................................... 89 Appendices ..................................................................................................................................... 91 Reference list ........................................................................................................................... 163 2 Guidelines for malaria prevention in travellers from the UK 2021 List of tables Table 1. Plasmodium species that infect humans ......................................................................... 14 Table 2. Clinical symptoms and signs of malaria (from the ACMP malaria treatment guidelines) ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Table 3. Prophylactic regimens against malaria in adults ............................................................. 38 Table 4. Doses of prophylactic antimalarials for children (1) ........................................................ 39 Table 5. Table of doses by spoon or syringe measures for chloroquine syrup ........................... 40 Table 6. Table of paediatric doses of atovaquone/proguanil ........................................................ 41 Table 7. Country recommendations .............................................................................................. 42 Table 8. Emergency standby treatment for adults ........................................................................ 52 Table 9. Doses of proguanil in adults with renal failure .............................................................. 64 Table 10. Long term chemoprophylaxis for adults ........................................................................ 77 Table 11. Half-lives of selected antimalarial drugs ........................................................................ 78 List of figures Figure 1: The malaria life cycle .................................................................................................. 16 Figure 2. Countries with indigenous cases of malaria as at 2019 (Courtesy of the World Health Organization) ...................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 3. Cumulative risk of adverse events and malaria ........................................................... 73 Figure 4. Map of Afghanistan showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 105 Figure 5. Map of Angola showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 106 Figure 6. Map of Bangladesh showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 107 Figure 7. Map of Belize showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 108 Figure 8. Map of Benin showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended .............................................................................................................................. 109 Figure 9. Map of Bolivia showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 110 3 Guidelines for malaria prevention in travellers from the UK 2021 Figure 10. Map of Botswana showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 111 Figure 11. Map of Brazil showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 112 Figure 12. Map of Cambodia showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 113 Figure 13. Map of Cameroon showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 114 Figure 14. Map of China showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 115 Figure 15. Map of Colombia showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 116 Figure 16. Map of Congo showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 117 Figure 17. Map of Costa Rica showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 118 Figure 18. Map of Cote D’Ivoire showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 119 Figure 19. Map of Democratic Republic of Congo showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended .............................................................................. 120 Figure 20. Map of Ecuador showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 121 Figure 21. Map of Eritrea showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 122 Figure 22. Map of Eswatini showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 123 Figure 23. Map of Ethiopia showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 124 Figure 24. Map of Gambia showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 125 Figure 25. Map of Ghana showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 126 Figure 26. Map of Guatemala showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 127 Figure 27. Map of Guinea showing the areas with appropriate malaria prevention measures recommended ............................................................................................................. 128 4 Guidelines for malaria prevention
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