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How Was the Customary Rights Was Treated to Written Media University of Business and Technology in Kosovo UBT Knowledge Center UBT International Conference 2020 UBT International Conference Oct 31st, 1:30 PM - 3:00 PM How was the customary rights was treated to written media Nexhat Cocaj University for Business and Technology - UBT, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://knowledgecenter.ubt-uni.net/conference Recommended Citation Cocaj, Nexhat, "How was the customary rights was treated to written media" (2020). UBT International Conference. 154. https://knowledgecenter.ubt-uni.net/conference/2020/all_events/154 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Publication and Journals at UBT Knowledge Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in UBT International Conference by an authorized administrator of UBT Knowledge Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TREATMENT OF COMMON LAW IN THE PRINT MEDIA Nexhat Çoçaj UBT - Institution of Higher Education, Lagjja Kalabria, 10000 p.n., Prishtinë, Kosovë, [email protected] Introduction Albanian customary law is one of the oldest legal institutions inherited by our people. According to many scholars, its origins date back to the early Middle Ages. "In Albania, besides the Byzantine feudal canon, a customary law was in force, a popular law with interesting archaic features, which was not recognized by Byzantine law or which was in contradiction with it. "These customary rules are at the same time an expression of the process of conservation, even of the regeneration and expansion of the ancient forms of social legal organization gentil with fraternities, tribes, blood, assemblies of free men and other forms of ancient culture."1 . While in the form of a well-organized "Code", it began to be known at least in the period of the XIV-XV centuries. This period of time is known in history as the time when the local Arberian nobility began to conceive. At this time, in which some large families began to own some lands, or territories, that in one form or another the Albanians began to have a kind of independence from the Byzantine authority of Constantinople. The need of these nobles, to be closer to the people, led to the implementation of customary law, which in fact did not comply with the laws of the invaders. Therefore, the customary law of the Albanian people in general and the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini in particular, are a proof of national conscience, that in the absence of state authority, during the occupation, it was necessary to regulate social relations between people in the fields of various of life, morals, religion and social relations. Although no precise opinion has yet been given on the time of the "birth" of the canon, in the sense of how it is used today, for which problem neither the press of the time was able to deal either before the declaration of independence or after the declaration of independence. On the other hand, the initial interests for the canon, as a norm of popular customs, were started by foreign scholars, so besides the basic knowledge of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini in the Northern Highlands, Johann Georg von Hahn, 1811-1869 in the footsteps of the Kanun of Skanderbeg 1863 during the expedition he made to the Drini Valley2. In customary law in the northern areas of Albania for a long time the name Kanun i Maleve has been used for a long time, but for this issue the press of the time has not been taken, just as the codifier of the Kanun, Father Shtjefën Gjeçovi, has not been taken later. Customary law is a social phenomenon of great historical importance, because through this right the voice of a people has been heard coming from antiquity. And in order for him to be as present as possible, everywhere in the Albanian space, it was necessary for the press of the time to publish and publish parts of this customary right. The publication of customary law in the press of the time, was not only important for domestic opinion, because after all, the number of those who could read and write in the entire Albanian space was very limited, but more for foreign opinion, which as will be seen, after the commencement of the publication of some parts of the canon will launch a greater interest from foreign scholars. From this point of view, it can be said that the opinions given on customary law in the press of the time are divided into two groups: a) in the press that published parts of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini and b) in the press that writes about the Kanun and its features. 1 Aleks Buda, The place of Albanians in the European history of the VIII - XVIII centuries, in "Historical Studies" no. 1. Tirana, 1971. 2 Kahreman Ulqini, On popular law, published in " Shkodra në shekuj " Volume I, Shkodra, 1998, p. 238 The first beginnings of the publication of customary law in the press of the past time Although the Albanian language press had started abroad before the declaration of independence of Albania, parts of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini, began to be published only in 1913 in the magazine "Hylli i Dritës", but indirectly it was written earlier, for some phenomena, which had to do with customary law. Thus, the word "kanun" in the press of the time will be found on the issue of the rules of elections of people in leading positions, since the time of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, with the notion of canon, the people understood the totality of rules, whether written or unwritten, but which were applied as human norms. Also with the notion of kanun until after the publication of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini by Shtjefën Gjeçovi, the Albanian public understood the laws, which were approved by state institutions. An important role in spreading the echo of customary law has been played by the press of the time, at home and abroad, and in particular to prove the ancient tradition with which the Albanian people organized their lives. The first beginnings of the Albanian press, which has started to deal with the topic of the Kanun, is the newspaper "Albania" which in no. 9 of 1898 published a short article entitled "Kanun i Malcisë"3. And as far as we know, this is the first article in the Albanian press, which is written about the rules of the Kanun, although it is mentioned as a notion even earlier. This article in the newspaper "Albania" provides general information about the role and influence of the Kanun in the highlands of Albania. In this issue of Albania, the author of the article, L. Mjeda, emphasizes that the Kanun over the centuries until now has preserved its features, or has remained the same as it was4. N. Ashta has the same opinion, who has come to the conclusion that despite the long time of implementation of the canon, it has not changed much, in terms of implementation in practice.5 While in the press within Albania the canon and canonical norms began to be mentioned and written about only after the declaration of independence. The Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini, in the Albanian press in Albania in a more complete way, started to be published in the first issue of the magazine "Hylli i Dritës" organ of the Franciscan clergy in Albania. In this newspaper, four nodes of the first book are published, respectively four nodes for the church6. Also in 1913, in "Hylli i Dritës" by Father Shtjefën Gjeçovi, the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini was published in two other issues of this magazine, which will be published in 1913.7 Facsimiles of the first edition of the Kanun in the "Hylli i Dritës" 3 Kanun i Malcisë, “Albania” no. 9, 1898, Brussels, p. 150, quoted by Kahraman Ulqini, in his study on popular law, published in "Shkodra ne shekuj" Volume I, Shkodra, 1998, p. 239. 4 Kanun i Malcisë, “Albania” Volume A, no. 9, 30 called 1898, p. 150, 5 Kanun of Bajrakëve te Dukagjinit, “Albania” Volume B, no. 1, June 15, 1898, p. 13 6 "Hylli i Dritës" Date I, October 1913 no. 1. p. 15 - 18, the first part of the first book "Church" is published. F.15-18. 7 Hylli i Dritës ” Date I, November 1913 no. 2. p. 53 - 57, the second part of the first book "Church" Not wanting to talk about the content of the published parts of the canon, in this magazine, it should be emphasized that the beginning of the publication of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini, as codified norms, listed in the form of laws, is the first edition, for which the author, as well as the editorial office, seeks the opinion of the general public and in particular of the intellectuals of the time. This is best seen when the editorial office in issue 2 of the magazine and the continuation of the publication has asked in the first place from the priests, that ... “...”to compare them with the laws and doctrines of our Kanun and their own laws, pointing out the complications that may occur between those laws and those that are published by us. These observations, then, could be sent to P. Shtjefen Gjeçov in Gomsiqe, or to the Directorate”8 After these calls, Gjeçovi will continue to ask for help from teachers, who worked in remote areas of Albania, to read the "Hylli Dritës" to the elders of those areas and ask for their opinions. “Dear Mr. Sh. Gjeçov O.F.M. Shkoder Thank you for the kindness you had Mr.
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