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Publications of the Oriental Institute, 1906–2014 Exploring the History and Civilizations of the Near East
Publications of the Oriental Institute, 1906–2014 Exploring the History and Civilizations of the Near East Second, revised edition 2014 Thomas G. Urban and Leslie Schramer, editors Compiled by Zuhal K. Sharp THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO oriental institute CommuniCations • number 26 ChiCago • illinois library of Congress Control number: 2013956376 isbn-13: 978-1-61491-007-7 issn: 0146-678X The Oriental Institute, Chicago Second, revised edition 2014 © 1991, 2014 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1991, 2014. Printed in the United States of America. Second, revised edition: Publications of the Oriental Institute 1906–1991: Exploring the History and Civilizations of the Near East oriental institute Communications 26. Chicago: the oriental institute, 1991 series editors thomas g. urban and leslie schramer thank rebecca Cain, brian Keenan, and Zuhal Kuru sharp for their assistance in the production of this volume. Editors’ Notes Publication of this volume commemorates the online distribution of all titles published by the oriental institute since its beginnings. All volumes are distributed online as Adobe Portable Document Format files (PDFs) and are available for complimentary download. Printed copies may be purchased, and the reader is advised to follow the link given for each title to learn its availability. the book scanning project began on october 27, 2004, with a unanimous vote from the faculty of the oriental institute, under the direction of Director gil J. stein. the project concluded october 1, 2013 — nine years later, which included the scanning of about 500 publications, conversion to PDFs, creating metadata and web pages, and uploading the files to the internet. -
Marten Stol WOMEN in the ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Marten Stol WOMEN IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Marten Stol Women in the Ancient Near East Marten Stol Women in the Ancient Near East Translated by Helen and Mervyn Richardson ISBN 978-1-61451-323-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-1-61451-263-9 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-1-5015-0021-3 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Original edition: Vrouwen van Babylon. Prinsessen, priesteressen, prostituees in de bakermat van de cultuur. Uitgeverij Kok, Utrecht (2012). Translated by Helen and Mervyn Richardson © 2016 Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Cover Image: Marten Stol Typesetting: Dörlemann Satz GmbH & Co. KG, Lemförde Printing and binding: cpi books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Introduction 1 Map 5 1 Her outward appearance 7 1.1 Phases of life 7 1.2 The girl 10 1.3 The virgin 13 1.4 Women’s clothing 17 1.5 Cosmetics and beauty 47 1.6 The language of women 56 1.7 Women’s names 58 2 Marriage 60 2.1 Preparations 62 2.2 Age for marrying 66 2.3 Regulations 67 2.4 The betrothal 72 2.5 The wedding 93 2.6 -
Justice in Ancient Mesopotamia Zchapter ONE JUSTICE in ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
Justice in Ancient Mesopotamia zCHAPTER ONE JUSTICE IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Introduction Any study of justice in the Bible must begin with ancient Mesopotamia be- cause the concept and the vocabulary of biblical justice are rooted in that culture. To uncover these roots, this chapter will explore justice in ancient Mesopotamia from the Sumerian culture to the Neo-Babylonian. Although the scope of this chapter seems ambitious, its purpose is limited. The structure of judicial power and the general administration of justice in these cultures will not be treated here.1 This chapter restricts itself rather to the analysis of certain aspects of justice: the problem of the poor and the oppressed, the action of the government in response to them, and the reflection of such a problem in popu- lar piety.2 The concept of justice in ancient Mesopotamia embraces a broader meaning than our concepts of commutative, distributive, or social justice. It is not enough for the governor to promulgate good laws and supervise the keeping of these laws; in order for justice to have its place in the Mesopotamian world, he must also issue decrees of mercy that allow the restoration of a destabilized equality. This chapter studies the texts in chronological order. After an overview of early social and economic development in ancient Mesopotamia, it analyzes the first of social reforms undertaken there. It then goes on to consider the various Mesopotamian law codes, the decrees of mercy (“justice”), and the religious texts that reflect the situation facing the underclasses of Mesopotamia.3 1 For a study of the characteristic structures of judicial power as well as the adminis- tration of justice in general within the societies of ancient Mesopotamia, see Hans J. -
Garments, Parts of Garments, and Textile Techniques in the Assyrian
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Centre for Textile Research Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD 2017 Garments, Parts of Garments, and Textile Techniques in the Assyrian Terminology: The eoN - Assyrian Textile Lexicon in the 1st-Millennium BC Linguistic Context Salvatore Gaspa University of Copenhagen Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/texterm Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Art and Materials Conservation Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, Classical Literature and Philology Commons, Fiber, Textile, and Weaving Arts Commons, Indo-European Linguistics and Philology Commons, Jewish Studies Commons, Museum Studies Commons, Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons, and the Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Gaspa, Salvatore, "Garments, Parts of Garments, and Textile Techniques in the Assyrian Terminology: The eN o-Assyrian Textile Lexicon in the 1st-Millennium BC Linguistic Context" (2017). Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD. 3. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/texterm/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Centre for Textile Research at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Garments, Parts of Garments, and Textile Techniques in the Assyrian Terminology: The Neo- Assyrian Textile Lexicon in the 1st-Millennium BC Linguistic Context Salvatore Gaspa, University of Copenhagen In Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD, ed. -
Women and Their Agency in the Neo-Assyrian Empire
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto WOMEN AND THEIR AGENCY IN THE NEO-ASSYRIAN EMPIRE Assyriologia Pro gradu Saana Teppo 1.2.2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements................................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................6 1.1 Aim of the study...........................................................................................................6 1.2 Background ..................................................................................................................8 1.3 Problems with sources and material.............................................................................9 1.3.1 Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire ......................................................10 1.3.2 Corpus of Neo-Assyrian texts .............................................................................11 2. THEORETICAL APPROACH – EMPOWERING MESOPOTAMIAN WOMEN.......13 2.1 Power, agency and spheres of action .........................................................................13 2.2 Women studies and women’s history ........................................................................17 2.3 Feminist scholarship and ancient Near East studies ..................................................20 2.4 Problems relating to women studies of ancient Near East.........................................24 -
“Going Native: Šamaš-Šuma-Ukīn, Assyrian King of Babylon” Iraq
IRAQ (2019) Page 1 of 22 Doi:10.1017/irq.2019.1 1 GOING NATIVE: ŠAMAŠ-ŠUMA-UKĪN, ASSYRIAN KING OF BABYLON By SHANA ZAIA1 Šamaš-šuma-ukīn is a unique case in the Neo-Assyrian Empire: he was a member of the Assyrian royal family who was installed as king of Babylonia but never of Assyria. Previous Assyrian rulers who had control over Babylonia were recognized as kings of both polities, but Šamaš-šuma-ukīn’s father, Esarhaddon, had decided to split the empire between two of his sons, giving Ashurbanipal kingship over Assyria and Šamaš-šuma-ukīn the throne of Babylonia. As a result, Šamaš-šuma-ukīn is an intriguing case-study for how political, familial, and cultural identities were constructed in texts and interacted with each other as part of royal self- presentation. This paper shows that, despite Šamaš-šuma-ukīn’s familial and cultural identity as an Assyrian, he presents himself as a quintessentially Babylonian king to a greater extent than any of his predecessors. To do so successfully, Šamaš-šuma-ukīn uses Babylonian motifs and titles while ignoring the Assyrian tropes his brother Ashurbanipal retains even in his Babylonian royal inscriptions. Introduction Assyrian kings were recognized as rulers in Babylonia starting in the reign of Tiglath-pileser III (744– 727 BCE), who was named as such in several Babylonian sources including a king list, a chronicle, and in the Ptolemaic Canon.2 Assyrian control of the region was occasionally lost, such as from the beginning until the later years of Sargon II’s reign (721–705 BCE) and briefly towards the beginning of Sennacherib’s reign (704–681 BCE), but otherwise an Assyrian king occupying the Babylonian throne as well as the Assyrian one was no novelty by the time of Esarhaddon’s kingship (680–669 BCE). -
Bulls, Swords, and the Acrobatic Body in the Ancient Near East
ABSTRACT WEBBERMAN, RACHEL JOHANNA. Performing Danger: Bulls, Swords, and the Acrobatic Body in the Ancient Near East. (Under the direction of Dr. Tate Paulette). The body functions as both the primary medium for human experience and a powerful semiotic instrument. These two dimensions of the human body intersect with particular clarity in the realm of acrobatic performance. In this thesis, I argue that acrobatic performance, which is explicitly devoted to exploring the limits of human physical ability in the presence of an audience, offers a distinctive vantage point from which to observe the role of the body in the ancient world. I argue that acrobatic performance provided a unique arena in which the kinesthetic experience and the semiotic potential of the body were particularly and inextricably intertwined. As a case study, I draw together a range of artistic and written evidence for two types of acrobatic performance, bull-leaping and sword-tumbling, in the Bronze Age Near East and Eastern Mediterranean. In Chapter 1 I articulate both a theoretical lens and a methodology for analyzing acrobatic performance in the ancient world. Grounded in both archaeological theory and modern circus studies, my theoretical approach seeks to integrate the experiential (e.g., kinetic and kinesthetic) and the semiotic dimensions of acrobatic performance. My analytical methodology highlights four key variables that are essential to characterizing any particular example of acrobatic performance: extreme movement, setting, audience, and performer. Chapter 2 introduces my Bronze Age case study and provides some key background context. Chapter 3 explores the evidence for bull-leaping in Crete, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia and demonstrates a radically different understanding and experience of bull-leaping across the three regions. -
The Arabs of North Arabia in Later Pre-Islamic Times
The Arabs of North Arabia in later Pre-Islamic Times: Qedar, Nebaioth, and Others A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2014 Marwan G. Shuaib School of Arts, Languages and Cultures 2 The Contents List of Figures ……………………………………………………………….. 7 Abstract ………………………………………………………………………. 8 Declaration …………………………………………………………………… 9 Copyright Rules ……………………………………………………………… 9 Acknowledgements .….……………………………………………………… 10 General Introduction ……………………………………………………….. 11 Chapter One: Historiography ……………………………………….. 13 1.1 What is the Historian’s Mission? ……………………………………….. 14 1.1.1 History writing ………………………...……....……………….…... 15 1.1.2 Early Egyptian Historiography …………………………………….. 15 1.1.3 Israelite Historiography ……………………………………………. 16 1.1.4 Herodotus and Greek Historiography ……………………………… 17 1.1.5 Classical Medieval Historiography …………………….…………... 18 1.1.6 The Enlightenment and Historiography …………………………… 19 1.1.7 Modern Historiography ……………………………………………. 20 1.1.8 Positivism and Idealism in Nineteenth-Century Historiography…… 21 1.1.9 Problems encountered by the historian in the course of collecting material ……………………………………………………………………… 22 1.1.10 Orientalism and its contribution ………………………………….. 24 1.2 Methodology of study …………………………………………………… 26 1.2.1 The Chronological Framework ……………………………………. 27 1.2.2 Geographical ……………………………………………………….. 27 1.3 Methodological problems in the ancient sources…...………………….. 28 1.3.1 Inscriptions ………………………………………………………… 28 1.3.2 Annals ……………………………………………………………… 30 1.3.3 Biblical sources ...…………………………………………………... 33 a. Inherent ambiguities of the Bible ……………………………… 35 b. Is the Bible history at all? ……………………………………… 35 c. Difficulties in the texts …………………………………………. 36 3 1.4 Nature of the archaeological sources …………………………………... 37 1.4.1 Medieval attitudes to Antiquity ……………………………………. 37 1.4.2 Archaeology during the Renaissance era …………………………... 38 1.4.3 Archaeology and the Enlightenment ………………………………. 39 1.4.4 The nineteenth century and the history of Biblical archaeology……. -
Plain Pottery Traditions of the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East Publications of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London
PLAIN POTTERY TRADITIONS OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND NEAR EAST PUBLICATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON Series Editor: Ruth Whitehouse PLAIN POTTERY TRADITI ONS OF Director oftbe lnstirute: Sue Hamilton Founding Series Editor: Peter J. Ucko THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Thc Institute of Archaeology of University College London is ODe ofthe oldest, largest and most AN D NEAR EAST prestigious archaeology research facilities in the world. Its extensive publications programme includes the best theory, research, pedagogy and reference materials in archacology and cognare disciplines, through publishing exemplary work of scholars worldwide. Through its publications, Production. Use. and Social Significance tbe Institute brings together key areas of theoretical and substantive knowledge, improves archaeological practice and brings archaeological findings to the general public, researchers and practitioners. lt also publisbes Slaff research projects, site and survey reports and eonference proceedings. Tbe publications programme, formerly developed in·house or in conjunetion wirh UCL Press, is now produced in partnership with Left Coast Press, Ine. The Institute can be accessed online at http://www.ucl.ae.uk/arehaeology. Reeent Titles Claudia Glatz (ed.), Plain Pottery Traditions o/the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East Hilary Orange (ed.), Reanimating Industrial Spaees Franyois G. Riehard and Kevin C. MacDonald (eds.), Elhnie Ambiguity and lhe African Past Susanna Harns and Laurence Douny (ecls.), Wrapping and Unwrapping Material Culture Helen Dawson, Medilerranean Voyages Sue Colledge, James ConoUy, Keith Dobney, Katie Manning. Stephen Shennan (eds.), The Or/gins and Spread 0/ Domestie Animals in Southwest Asia and Europe Julia Shaw. Buddhist Landscapes ofCentra/lndia Ralph Haeussler, Beeoming Roman? Ethan E. -
11.-Tarif.Pdf
N.A.B.U. 2020 nᵒ 1 (mars) ISSN 0989-5671 2020 N° 1 (mars) NOTES BRÈVES 1) Ur-Luma entwendet Kanalwasser — PSD A I 7f. verzeichnet unter a A 2.3.1 einen Ausdruck a 1) bu/bù/bux(PI) „to drain water“. Manchmal wird nur das Wasser genannt, häufiger aber steht vor dem Verbum a e, was PSD als „water from the ditch“ interpretiert. Doch e(-g) „Bewässerungskanal“ steht nie in einem dimensionalen Kasus. In Frage kämen der Lokativ oder der Ablativ. Außerdem würden wir eher den Absolutiv direkt vor dem Verbum erwarten. Also ist a-e „Kanalwasser“ gemeint. Zu dieser Deutung von a-e kommt bereits Krebernik2) aufgrund von SF 54 viii 1-3: a-sùr / sùr e-sì-gen₇ / a-e <e> e-sì-gen₇ „wie Wassergraben-Wasser den Wassergraben füllt, wie Kanalwasser den Kanal füllt“. Cf. mê šūri, mê ḫarri MSL 13, 85 (Proto-Kagal). Zu ergänzen wäre noch a-e lá „Kanalwasser blockieren“ oder „… verringern“. LSU 196 (parallel zu a-e bu) und LSU 318. In ED IIIb Lagaš ist a-e bu nicht sicher belegt aber a-e è und das in einem Kontext, in dem es um die Ableitung von Wasser im großen Stil gehen könnte: ur-lum-ma énsi ummaki-ke₄ e-ki-sur-ra dnin-ĝír-su- ka e-ki-sur-ra dnanše a-e ì-mi-è „Ur-Luma, der Stadtfürst von Umma hat den Grenzgraben des Ninĝirsu, den Grenzgraben der Nanše, hat das Kanalwasser zu sich (Ventiv) herausgeleitet“.3) Die Übersetzung von Zólyomi, NABU 2019/2: „Ur-Luma, ruler of Umma let water wash away/destroy the boundary levee“ ist grammatisch möglich. -
New Insights on the Role of Environmental Dynamics Shaping Southern Mesopotamia: from the Pre-Ubaid to the Early Islamic Period
IRAQ (2019) Page 1 of 24 Doi:10.1017/irq.2019.2 1 NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS SHAPING SOUTHERN MESOPOTAMIA: FROM THE PRE-UBAID TO THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD By MARK ALTAWEEL,ANKE MARSH,JAAFAR JOTHERI,CARRIE HRITZ,DOMINIK FLEITMANN, STEPHANIE ROST,STEPHEN F. L INTNER,MCGUIRE GIBSON,MATTHEW BOSOMWORTH, MATTHEW JACOBSON,EDUARDO GARZANTI,MARA LIMONTA AND GIUDITTA RADEFF Recent fieldwork and archival sedimentary materials from southern Iraq have revealed new insights into the environment that shaped southern Mesopotamia from the pre-Ubaid (early Holocene) until the early Islamic period. These data have been combined with northern Iraqi speleothem, or stalagmite, data that have revealed relevant palaeoclimate information. The new results are investigated in light of textual sources and satellite remote sensing work. It is evident that areas south of Baghdad, and to the region of Uruk, were already potentially habitable between the eleventh and early eighth millennia B.C., suggesting there were settlements in southern Iraq prior to the Ubaid. Date palms, the earliest recorded for Iraq, are evident before 10,000 B.C., and oak trees are evident south of Baghdad in the early Holocene but disappeared after the mid-sixth millennium B.C. New climate results suggest increased aridity after the end of the fourth millennium B.C. For the third millennium B.C. to first millennium A.D., a negative relationship between grain and date palm cultivation in Nippur is evident, suggesting shifting cultivation emphasising one of these crops at any given time in parts of the city. The Shatt en-Nil was also likely used as a channel for most of Nippur’s historical occupation from the third millennium B.C. -
Plimpton 322
Words and Pictures: New Light on Plimpton 322 Eleanor Robson 1. INTRODUCTION. In this paper I shall discuss Plimpton 322, one of the world’s most famous ancient mathematical artefacts [Figure 1]. But I also want to explore the ways in which studying ancient mathematics is, or should be, different from research- ing modern mathematics. One of the most cited analyses of Plimpton 322, published some twenty years ago, was called “Sherlock Holmes in Babylon” [4]. This entic- ing title gave out the message that deciphering historical documents was rather like solving a fictional murder mystery: the amateur detective-historian need only pit his razor-sharp intellect against the clues provided by the self-contained story that is the piece of mathematics he is studying. Not only will he solve the puzzle, but he will out- wit the well-meaning but incompetent professional history-police every time. In real life, the past isn’t like an old-fashioned whodunnit: historical documents can only be understood in their historical context. Figure 1. Plimpton 322 (obverse). Drawing by the author. Let’s start with a small experiment: ask a friend or colleague to draw a triangle. The chances are that he or she will draw an equilateral triangle with a horizontal base. That is our culturally determined concept of an archetypal, perfect triangle. However, February 2002] WORDS AND PICTURES: NEW LIGHT ON PLIMPTON 322 105 if we look at triangles drawn on ancient cuneiform tablets like Plimpton 322, we see that they all point right and are much longer than they are tall: very like a cuneiform wedge in fact.