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Îáçîð Ðîäà Aegopordon Boiss. (Asteraceae)

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Îáçîð Ðîäà Aegopordon Boiss. (Asteraceae) Î. Â. ×åðíåâà O. Tscherneva (Äæåôôðè, 2002). Åäèíñòâåííûé âèä ýòîãî ðîäà B. subacaulis Vill. èìååò ëèøü ãàáèòóàëüíîå ñõîäñòâî ñ Aegopordon berardioides. ÎÁÇÎÐ ÐÎÄÀ AEGOPORDON BOISS. Ïî ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèì ïðèçíàêàì ðîä Aegopordon íàèáîëåå áëèçîê (ASTERACEAE) ê ðîäó Jurinea. Ðîäîâàÿ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîñòü Aegopordon äîëãîå âðåìÿ SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS AEGOPORDON BOISS. íå áûëà ïðèíÿòà, è åãî âêëþ÷àëè â ðîäû Jurinea, Derderia è Ono- (ASTERACEAE) pordon.  ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîñòü ýòîãî ðîäà ïðèçíàíà ìíîãèìè àâòîðàìè (Rechinger, 1979). Áîòàíè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò èì. Â. Ë. Êîìàðîâà ÐÀÍ, Ãåðáàðèé âûñøèõ ðàñòåíèé Îòëè÷èòåëüíûå ïðèçíàêè ðîäà Aegopordon îò áëèçêîðîäñòâåííî- 197376, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã, óë. Ïðîôåññîðà Ïîïîâà, 2 ãî ðîäà Jurinea ïðèâåäåíû â òàáëèöå (ñì.). [email protected] Ïðè êðèòè÷åñêîì èçó÷åíèè âèäîâ ðîäà Jurinea ñ Ïèðåíåéñêîãî Ïðèâîäèòñÿ òàêñîíîìè÷åñêèé îáçîð ðîäà Aegopordon Boiss., âêëþ÷àþùå- ïîëóîñòðîâà, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ âåñüìà àêòóàëüíîé çàäà÷åé ïðè ñîçäàíèè ãî 2 âèäà: A. berardioides Boiss. è A. fontqueri (Cuatrec.) Tschern. comb. nova. ñîâðåìåííîé ìîíîãðàôèè ýòîãî òàêñîíà, ìû îáíàðóæèëè î÷åíü îðè- Ïîêàçàíû îòëè÷èòåëüíûå ïðèçíàêè ðîäà Aegopordon îò áëèçêîðîäñòâåííîãî ãèíàëüíûé âèä J. fontqueri Cuatrec., äåòàëüíî îïèñàííûé ñ þãà ðîäà Jurinea Cass. Ïèðåíåéñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà (ïðîâèíöèÿ Jaén) (Cuatrecasas, 1927). Àâ- Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Aegopordon, Jurinea, Asteraceae. òîð äàííîãî âèäà ñ íåêîòîðûì ñîìíåíèåì îòíåñ åãî ê ñåêöèè  ñòàòüå ïðåäñòàâëåí äåòàëüíûé òàêñîíîìè÷åñêèé àíàëèç ðîäà Aegopordon ðîäà Jurinea. Ïðè îïèñàíèè J. fontqueri Êóàòðåêàñàñ íåî- Aegopordon Boiss., ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿ ïîäñåìåéñòâà Carduoideae òðèáû äíîêðàòíî óêàçûâàåò íà òî, ÷òî ýòîò âèä ãàáèòóñîì î÷åíü íàïîìèíàåò Cynareae ïîäòðèáû Carduinae. Ýòîò ðîä áëèçîê ê ðîäàì Saussurea DC. Aegopordon berardioides, èñïîëüçóÿ äëÿ ïîñëåäíåãî ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå è Jurinea Cass. è îáðàçóåò ñ íèìè îñîáóþ êëàäó «ðîäñòâà Jurinea Cass., ðîäîâîå íàçâàíèå, êîòîðîå, îäíàêî, îí òàê è íå ïðèíÿë. Ðàçëè÷èÿ Saussurea DC., Cousinia Cass.» (Äæåôôðè, 2002). Ðîä Jurinea îäèí Aegopordon berardioides è Jurinea fontqueri äîñòàòî÷íî âåëèêè, è, èç 7 îñíîâíûõ ðîäîâ-ÿäåð òðèáû Cynareae, â êîòîðûõ ñîñðåäîòî÷åíî ïðèçíàâàÿ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîñòü ðîäà Aegopordon, J. fontqueri ñëåäóåò íàèáîëüøåå åå âèäîâîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå; ðàñïðîñòðàíåí ãëàâíûì îáðà- îòíîñèòü ê ýòîìó ðîäó Aegopordon fontqueri (Cuatrec.) Tschern. çîì â Ñðåäèçåìíîìîðüå, Þãî-Çàïàäíîé, Ñðåäíåé è Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè comb. nova. Ýòîò âèä õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ î÷åíü èíòåðåñíûì óçêèì àðå- (Êàìåëèí, 2000).  ýòó ãðóïïó ðîäñòâà, êðîìå ðîäîâ Saussurea è Jurinea, àëîì, ïðèóðî÷åííûì ê ãîðàì þãà Èñïàíèè (Àíäàëóçèÿ). âõîäÿò åùå ìîíîòèïíûå èëè îëèãîòèïíûå ðîäû Jurinella Jaub. et Spach, Íèæå ïðåäñòàâëåí îáçîð ðîäà Aegopordon ñ óêàçàíèåì ñèíîíèìèêè Outreya Jaub. et Spach, Nikitinia Iljin, Pilostemon Iljin, Hyalochaete Dittrich è òèïîâ âõîäÿùèõ â íåãî âèäîâ, à òàêæå äàí êëþ÷ äëÿ èõ îïðåäåëåíèÿ. et Rech. f., Polytaxis Bunge, Aegopordon Boiss., Dolomiaea DC., Aegopordon Boiss., 1846, Diagn. Pl. Or., Nov. Ser. 1, 6: 112; id., Vladimiria Iljin è Hemistepta Bunge (ïîñëåäíèå 3 ðîäà áîëåå áëèçêè ê 1875, Fl. Or. 3: 567; Rech. f., 1979, Fl. Iran. 139a: 209, tab. 102, fig. 2 ðîäó Saussurea). Áîëüøèíñòâî èç ýòèõ ðîäîâ çàïàäíî- è ñðåäíåàçèàò- et 204. Jurinea auct. non Cass.: O. Hoffman, 1893, in Engler et ñêèå. Èñêëþ÷åíèåì ÿâëÿþòñÿ Dolomiaea è Vladimiria âîñòî÷íî- Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 4, 5: 321, p. min. p. àçèàòñêèå è Hemistepta âîñòî÷íîàçèàòñêî-àâñòðàëèéñêèé. Typus: A. berardioides Boiss.  àðåàë ðîäà Aegopordon Boiss., îïèñàííîãî â 1846 ãîäó Å. Áóà- ñüå ïî ìàòåðèàëàì T. Kotschy è P. M. R. Aucher-Eloy èç þæíûõ ðàé- 1. Ñåìÿíêè ÷åòûðåõóãîëüíûå, ãëóáîêî-÷åòûðåõáîðîçäíûå, ñ ïîïåðå÷íî áó- îíîâ Èðàíà êàê ìîíîòèïíûé ñ âèäîì A. berardioides Boiss., âõîäÿò ãîð÷àòî-ÿì÷àòîé ñêóëüïòóðîé; âîçâûøàþùàÿñÿ âåðõóøå÷íàÿ ïëîùàäêà îêàéìëåííàÿ êîðîòêèìè áóãîðêàìè; ùåòèíêè ïàïïóñà äëèííîïåðèñòûå, Èðàí, âîñòî÷íûå ðàéîíû Àôãàíèñòàíà è Ïàêèñòàí. Ïðè îïèñàíèè 1518 ìì äë. ..................................................................... 1. A. berardioides. ðîäà Áóàñüå îòëè÷àåò åãî îò ðîäîâ Jurinea Cass., Onopordon L. è 2. Ñåìÿíêè öèëèíäðè÷åñêèå, ãîëûå, ãëàäêèå èëè ñëåãêà ìåëêîìîðùèíèñòûå, Berardia Vill. Ïîñëåäíèé ðîä, ïðåäñòàâëåííûé òîëüêî âî ôëîðå Åâ- ïðîäîëüíî-ìåëêîðåáðèñòûå; âîçâûøàþùàÿñÿ âåðõóøå÷íàÿ ïëîùàäêà ðîïû (Kouharov, 1976), â äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè íå îáíàðóæèâàåò áëèç- îêàéìëåíà î÷åíü êîðîòêîé ìåëêîãîðîä÷àòîé êîæèñòîé êîðîíêîé; ùåòèí- êîãî ðîäñòâà ñ ðîäîì Aegopordon, à îáðàçóåò îñîáóþ ãðóïïó ðîäñòâà êè ïàïïóñà êîðîòêîïåðèñòûå, 1215 ìì äë. ...................... 2. A. fontqueri. 220 221 Ñðàâíèòåëüíûå ïðèçíàêè ðîäîâ Jurinea Cass. è Aegopordon Boiss. Ill. Pl. Or. 3: 136, tab. 290. Jurinea berardioides (Boiss.) O. Hoffman, 1893, in Engler et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 4, 5: 321. Ðîä Îïèñàí èç Èðàíà. Lectotypus (×åðíåâà, hoc loco): «Persepolis, Ïðèçíàêè Jurinea Aegopordon Kotschy, 853» (G, iso. W, LE!). Öâåòîëîæå Âûïóêëîå, ïîêðûòîå óçêèìè Ïëîñêîå, ñåò÷àòî-ÿì÷àòîå, ÿìêè ïëåíêàìè, ðàâíûìè ïî äëèíå îêðóæåíû î÷åíü êîðîòêèìè, Íà êàìåíèñòûõ è ñêàëèñòûõ ñêëîíàõ ãîð, íà âûñîòå 16002700 ì çðåëîé ñåìÿíêå èëè ÷óòü æåñòêèìè, íåðàâíûìè, ëàíöåò- íàä óð. ì. êîðî÷å åå íûìè, çàîñòðåííûìè ïëåíêàìè Èðàí (Çàï., Þæí., Âîñò.), Àôãàíèñòàí (Âîñò.), Ïàêèñòàí. â 3 ðàçà êîðî÷å çðåëîé ñåìÿíêè 2. A. fontqueri (Cuatrec.) Tschern. comb. nova. Jurinea fontqueri Ñåìÿíêè Ïî÷òè âñå ñ êîðîíêîé, ãëàä- Ñ êîðîòêèìè áóãîðêàìè ïî êèå èëè ðàçëè÷íûì îáðàçîì êðàþ âûïóêëîé âîçâûøàþ- Cuatrec., 1927, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27(2): 223, tab.; Êouharov, ñêóëüïòóðèðîâàííûå ùåéñÿ âåðõóøå÷íîé ïëîùàäêè 1976, in Fl. Europ. 4: 218. èëè ñ î÷åíü êîðîòêîé ìåëêîãî- Îïèñàí èç Èñïàíèè. Holotypus: «Hab. inter saxa calcarea ðîä÷àòîé êîæèñòîé êîðîíêîé, cacuminis montis Cärceles (Sierra Mägina, Regno Giennense) ad 1900 ñ ÿì÷àòî-áóãîð÷àòîé ñêóëüïòó- ðîé èëè ìåëêîìîðùèíèñòûå, 2000 m. alt. 5 VII 1926. José Cuatrecasas» (BC). ãëóáîêî-÷åòûðåõáîðîçä÷àòûå Íà ñêàëèñòûõ èçâåñòíÿêîâûõ ñêëîíàõ, íà âûñîòå 18002000 ì íàä èëè ñ ìåëêèìè ïðîäîëüíûìè óð. ì. ðåáðàìè, íà âåðõóøêå âûïóê- ëûå, ñ îñòàþùèìèñÿ çàòâåð- Èñïàíèÿ (þæí.). Ýíäåìèê. äåâøèìè îñòàòêàìè òðóáêè âåí÷èêà è íåêòàðíèêîâ Ëèòåðàòóðà Ùåòèíêè Äâóðÿäíûå, ðàçíîé äëèíû, Ìíîãîðÿäíûå, íàðóæíûå áîëåå ïàïïóñà âíóòðåííèå (2–5) áîëåå äëèí- êîðîòêèå, âñå ïåðèñòûå, ó îñ- Äæåôôðè ×. Ñèñòåìàòèêà ñëîæíîöâåòíûõ (Compositae) â íà÷àëå XXI íûå, âñå çàçóáðåííûå, áîðîä- íîâàíèÿ ñðîñøèåñÿ â ïëîòíîå âåêà // Áîò. æóðí. 2002. Ò. 87. ¹ 11. Ñ. 115. Ê àìåëèí Ð. Â. Ñëîæíî- ÷àòûå èëè ïåðèñòûå, îáû÷íî êîëüöî, ïàïïóñ ëåãêî öåëèêîì öâåòíûå (êðàòêèé îáçîð ñèñòåìû). ÑÏá.; Áàðíàóë, 2000. 60 ñ. Ö â å - ïðî÷íî ñâÿçàííûå ñ ñåìÿíêîé îïàäàþùèé ë ¸ â Í. Í. Î ðîäå Sphaeranthus L. è ñèñòåìå ñëîæíîöâåòíûõ (Asteraceae) // è íåîïàäàþùèå, èëè, ðåæå, ó Íîâîñòè ñèñòåìàòèêè âûñøèõ ðàñòåíèé. ÑÏá., 2004. Ò. 36. Ñ. 213223. îñíîâàíèÿ ñðàñòàþùèåñÿ â òîíêîå êîëüöî è òîãäà ïàïïóñ ×åðíåâà Î. Â. Îáçîð âèäîâ ðîäà Jurinea (Asteraceae) ôëîðû Êàâêàçà // öåëèêîì îïàäàþùèé Áîò. æóðí. 1994. Ò. 79. ¹ 5. Ñ. 114126. ×åðíåâà Î. Â. Îáçîð âèäîâ Ôîðìà Ñëåãêà êîñàÿ, ðåæå ïî÷òè Ïðÿìàÿ ðîäà Jurinella Jaub. et Spach (Asteraceae) // Íîâîñòè ñèñòåìàòèêè âûñøèõ ðà- ïëîùàäêè ïðÿìàÿ ñòåíèé. Ì.; ÑÏá., 2007. Ò. 39. Ñ. 273279. Cuatrecasas J. Hallazgo de ïðèêðåïëåíèÿ una especie desconocida de Jurinea // Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Vol. 27(2). P. 221 ñåìÿíêè 224. H o f fman O. Compositae // A. Engler, K. Prantl (eds.). Die Natürli- Êîðåíü Ñòåðæíåâîé, ÷àñòî ñ óòîë- Ñòåðæíåâîé, ñî ñëàáî ðàçâèòûì chen Pflanzenfamillen. Leipzig, 1894. Bd 4. ¹ 5. S. 87391. K o uharov S. ùåííûì ìíîãîãëàâûì îäðå- êàóäåêñîì è óäëèíåííûìè, îä- Berardia Vill. // Flora Europaea. Cambridge, 1976. Vol. 4. P. 215. Rechin- âåñíåâøèì êàóäåêñîì è êî- ðåâåñíåâøèìè, ïîëçó÷èìè, ïðî- ger K. H. Aegopordon Boiss. // Flora Iranica. Graz, 1979. N 139a. S. 209210. ðîòêèìè êîðíåâèùàìè, ïî- ñòûìè èëè âåòâÿùèìèñÿ, êîðíå- êðûòûìè îñòàòêàìè ïðîøëî- âèùàìè, îáû÷íî áåç îñòàòêîâ ãîäíèõ ëèñòüåâ ïðîøëîãîäíèõ ëèñòüåâ Summary 1. A. berardioides Boiss., 1846, Diagn. Pl. Or., Nov. Ser. 1, 6: 113; A taxonomical review of the genus Aegopordon Boiss. comprising 2 species (A. berardioides Boiss., A. fontqueri (Cuatrec.) Tschern. comb. nova) is given. id., 1875, Fl. Or. 3: 567; Rech. f., 1979. Fl. Iran. 139a: 209, tab. 102, fig. Distinctions of Aegopordon from a closely related genus Jurinea Cass. are 2 et 204. Onopordon berardioides (Boiss.) Schultz-Bip., 1840, discussed. Linnaea 14: 329. Derderia berardioides (Boiss.) Jaub. et Spach, 1850, Keywords: Aegopordon, Jurinea, Asteraceae. 222 223.
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