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Phd Thesis the Taxa Are Listed Alphabetically Within the Bacteriastrum Genera and Each of the Chaetoceros Generic Subdivision (Subgenera)

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Phd Thesis the Taxa Are Listed Alphabetically Within the Bacteriastrum Genera and Each of the Chaetoceros Generic Subdivision (Subgenera) FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY INTERDISCIPLINARY DOCTORAL STUDY IN OCEANOLOGY Sunčica Bosak TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGY OF THE PLANKTONIC DIATOM FAMILY CHAETOCEROTACEAE (BACILLARIOPHYTA) FROM THE ADRIATIC SEA DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2013 PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET GEOLOŠKI ODSJEK INTERDISCIPLINARNI DOKTORSKI STUDIJ IZ OCEANOLOGIJE Sunčica Bosak TAKSONOMIJA I EKOLOGIJA PLANKTONSKIH DIJATOMEJA IZ PORODICE CHAETOCEROTACEAE (BACILLARIOPHYTA) U JADRANSKOM MORU DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2013 FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY INTERDISCIPLINARY DOCTORAL STUDY IN OCEANOLOGY Sunčica Bosak TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGY OF THE PLANKTONIC DIATOM FAMILY CHAETOCEROTACEAE (BACILLARIOPHYTA) FROM THE ADRIATIC SEA DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisors: Dr. Diana Sarno Prof. Damir Viličić Zagreb, 2013 PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET GEOLOŠKI ODSJEK INTERDISCIPLINARNI DOKTORSKI STUDIJ IZ OCEANOLOGIJE Sunčica Bosak TAKSONOMIJA I EKOLOGIJA PLANKTONSKIH DIJATOMEJA IZ PORODICE CHAETOCEROTACEAE (BACILLARIOPHYTA) U JADRANSKOM MORU DOKTORSKI RAD Mentori: Dr. Diana Sarno Prof. dr. sc. Damir Viličić Zagreb, 2013 This doctoral thesis was made in the Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb under the supervision of Prof. Damir Viličić and in one part in Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn in Naples, Italy under the supervision of Diana Sarno. The doctoral thesis was made within the University interdisciplinary doctoral study in Oceanology at the Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb. The presented research was mainly funded by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of the Republic of Croatia Project No. 119-1191189-1228 and partially by the two transnational access projects (BIOMARDI and NOTCH) funded by the European Community – Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 ‘‘Capacities’’ Specific Programme (Ref. ASSEMBLE grant agreement no. 227799). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... to my Croatian supervisor and my boss, Prof. Damir Viličić, for all the support and for listening to my sometimes impossible ideas and proposals. I am grateful especially for introducing me to this beautiful diatom family, and teaching me all the basics of science research ...to my Neapolitan supervisor, Diana Sarno, for enormous amount of patience, incredible advices, help and support in both professional and private moments in my life ... to Zrinka, Kore, Maja, my lab colleagues and great friends, for all the support I got on a daily basis but especially for all that they taught me about statistics and counting ... to my fellow colleague Pero for being a good friend who makes me laugh each day and has an excellent taste in music ... to my dearest friends from SZN, especially to my most precious ones: Cioccio and Swaraj - my favourite italo-indian nerd duo, for endless chats and laughs that we shared but most of all for being true and honest friends . To Deepak, my fellow diatom researcher, for all help in molecular lab work. To Krzysiu, Filip, Eleonora, Sandra, Isabella, Vasco, Laura E. and Laura V., Gauri and all other PhD and Postdocs that I have met and shared incredible moments of scientific breakthroughs, but also fun aperitivos, coffee times and excursions in and around Naples. ... to Marina Montresor for embracing me in the LEEP lab ... to electron microscopy SZN support team, Giovanna Benvenuto and Franco Iamunno, for their patience and help in my long hours spent at TEM & SEM, due to them I got a huge collection of beautiful high quality images You all certainly made me feel like me second home in SZN, I could never dreamed that I could feel so welcome and comfortable somewhere else than home. An enormous grazie per tutti... ...to Tina and Vedran, everything started with Kotor chinchillas and beers, thank you for all the friendship and scientific conversations and especially to Tina for including me in the RV001 field research which was full of funny and exciting sampling moments. ... To Luka for all samples, isolations, culturing work in the lab and beautiful micrographs but above all for a great friendship and support. I am very lucky that I have found someone who shares my passion for phytoplankton taxonomy . ... to Dario and Cedric for including me in their Cotutelle project and providing me the samples from Krka Estuary ... to all people from CIM Rovinj, IRB Zagreb, Institute Institute forMarine and Coastal Research in Dubrovnik and many others with whom I shared many sampling trips and who helped me in so many ways... ... to Galja, Vesna; Amela from IRB Zagreb, for their collaboration on the AFM cell jacket paper during which we shared great and exciting moments of this excellent scientific discovery ... to all of my friends who provided some of the samples of opportunity, especially to Fani and Duje ... to Vilim for all the patience, love and support ...to all the bands that play music which inspired me and helped me in various situations in my life. Without music, life would be a mistake... ...above all, I am grateful to my loving mother who was always there for me TABLE OF CONTENTS TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA …………………………………….………….IX BASIC DOCUMENTATION CARD ……………………………………………………......….…..X PROŠIRENI SAŽETAK…………………………………….……..………………………………...XI SUMMARY…………………………………………..……………………………...……………...XIV CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 A brief diatom biology ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 The silica cell wall - frustule ............................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 The diatom metabolism and origin of plastids .................................................................. 2 1.1.3 Diatom life cycle ............................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Diatom diversity ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Marine planktonic diatoms: general characteristics and importance ................................ 6 1.4 The planktonic diatom family Chaetocerotaceae: general features, taxonomy and morphology ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.4.1 Genus Chaetoceros ............................................................................................................ 9 1.4.1.1 Historical background and taxonomic relationships ................................................. 10 1.4.1.2 Morphology and species identification ..................................................................... 13 1.4.1.3 Life cycle ................................................................................................................... 14 1.4.2 Genus Bacteriastrum ....................................................................................................... 15 1.4.2.1 Historical background and taxonomic relationships ................................................. 15 1.4.2.2 Morphology and species identification ..................................................................... 17 1.4.2.3 Life cycle ................................................................................................................... 18 1.5 The previous investigations of the family Chaetocerotaceae in the Adriatic Sea ............ 19 1.6 Aims of the study ................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1 Study area: the Adriatic Sea ................................................................................................ 21 2.1.1 Northern Adriatic: Rovinj, Lim Bay, Pag and Velebit Channel system .......................... 22 2.1.2 Central Adriatic: Telašćica Bay and Krka estuary .......................................................... 23 2.1.3 Southern Adriatic: Mljet, Boka Kotorska Bay, Albanian coastal zone ........................... 24 2.2 Field sampling design ............................................................................................................ 25 2.3 Field methods ......................................................................................................................... 27 2.3.1 Northeastern Adriatic coastal zone (station RV001) ....................................................... 27 2.3.1.1 Physico-chemical parameters and chlorophyll a ....................................................... 28 2.3.1.2 Phytoplankton abundances ........................................................................................ 28 2.3.1.3 Phytoplankton biomasses .......................................................................................... 29 2.3.1.4 Graphical and statistical data analyses ...................................................................... 29 2.3.2 Krka River estuary (station Martinska –M) ..................................................................... 30 2.3.2.1 Physico-chemical parameters .................................................................................... 30 2.3.2.2 Phytoplankton abundances ........................................................................................ 30 2.3.2.3 Phytoplankton biomasses .......................................................................................... 30 2.3.2.4 Phytoplankton biomarker pigments .......................................................................... 30 2.3.2.5 Graphical and statistical data analyses .....................................................................
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