Class 508 Solid Anti-Friction Devices, Materials

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Class 508 Solid Anti-Friction Devices, Materials CLASS 508 SOLID ANTI-FRICTION DEVICES, MATERIALS THEREFOR, LUBRICANT 508 - 1 OR SEPARATE COMPOSITIONS FOR MOVING SOLID SURFACES, AND MISCELLA- NEOUS MINERAL OIL COMPOSITIONS 111 .Processes of purifying or This Class 508 is considered to be an recovering used lubricant integral part of Class 252 (see the Class compositions, and purified or 252 schedule for the position of this recovered products thereof Class in schedule hierarchy). This Class 112 .Halogenated graphite, or retains all pertinent definitions and microorganism metabolic class lines of Class 252. product or culture product of indeterminate structure 113 .Graphite, coal, or elemental carbon 100 SOLID ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE, 114 ..With silk, sponge, hair, skin, ARTICLE OR MATERIAL THEREFOR leather, meat, or fibrous (I.E., SHAPED SOLID ARTICLES plant matter (e.g., cork, WHICH RETAIN THEIR SHAPE bamboo, bark, sawdust, cotton, DURING USE, SUCH AS BEARINGS, etc.) RINGS, SEALS, JOURNAL BOXES, 115 ..With naturally occurring resin, BUSHINGS, BRAKES, CLUTCHES, salt thereof, agar, natural GUN WADS, JOURNAL BEARINGS, OR rubber, tar, pitch, animal LINERS FOR BEARINGS, BRAKES OR glue, turpentine, or CLUTCHES, OR MATERIAL carbohydrate gum THEREFOR, WHEREIN A LUBRICANT 116 ..With organic -C(=O)O-compound IS A PERMANENT PART OF THE 117 ...Phosphorus, nitrogen, or SOLID ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE, halogen attached directly or ARTICLE OR MATERIAL, WHETHER indirectly to the -C (=O)O­ BY PERMANENT COATING, group by nonionic bonding IMPREGNATION INTO THE 118 ...The organic -C(=O)O- compound INTERSTICES THEREOF, OR BY is a polymer resulting from BEING PART OF THE COMPOSITION) polymerization of an olefinic (E.G., SYNTHETICRESIN TYPE double bond (e.g., ethylene- SOLID ANTI-FRICTION DEVICES, vinyl acetate copolymer, ETC.) polyacrylate, etc.) 101 .Animal or plant matter (e.g., 119 ...The organic -C(=O)O- compound blood, hair, skin, wood, hemp, is sulfurized, or elemental cotton, paper, lard, castor sulfur is present (e.g., oil, shellac, glue, beeswax, sulfurized sperm oil, etc.) etc.) 120 ...The organic -C(=O)O- compound 102 ..With graphite or elemental is a naturally occurring carbon carboxylic acid ester wax, or 103 .Elemental or alloyed metal a reaction product thereof of 104 ..With fluorine compound indeterminate structure (e.g., 105 ..With graphite, coal, or beeswax, spermaceti, lanolin, elemental carbon degras, Japan wax, etc.) 106 .Halogen compound 121 ...With boron or silicon compound 107 .Silicon compound 122 ...The organic -C(=O)O- compound 108 .Heavy metal or aluminum compound is a carboxylic acid or salt (e.g., MoS2,etc.) thereof, or inorganic base is 109 .Graphite, coal, or elemental present with the organic - carbon C(=O)O- compound 110 LUBRICANTS OR SEPARANTS FOR 123 ..With elemental or alloyed metal MOVING SOLID SURFACES AND 124 ...With silicon compound MISCELLANEOUS MINERAL OIL 125 ..With boron compound or COMPOSITIONS (E.G., WATER elemental sulfur CONTAINING, ETC.) 126 ..With silicon compound 127 ...With non-silicon inorganic compound (except water) October 2002 508 - 2 CLASS 508 SOLID ANTI-FRICTION DEVICES, MATERIALS THEREFOR, LUBRICANT OR SEPARATE COMPOSITIONS FOR MOVING SOLID SURFACES, AND MISCELLA- NEOUS MINERAL OIL COMPOSITIONS 128 ..With organic sulfur, 143 ..With added water phosphorus, or nitrogen 144 ..With carboxylic acid, salt compound thereof, sulfonic acid, or 129 ..With inorganic compound (except salt thereof as additional water) component or surface-treating 130 ..With organic oxygen or halogen agent compound 145 ..With triazine or triazole 131 ..With synthetic polymer (e.g., hetero ring compound as ethylene-propylene copolymer, additional component or etc.) surface-treating agent 132 .Tar, tar distillate, or 146 ..With heterocyclic ring compound chemically reacted tar or tar that has ring sulfur or has distillate chalcogen double bonded to 133 .Asphalt, pitch, pitch heterocyclic ring carbon as distillate, or chemically additional component or reacted asphalt or pitch surface-treating agent; a (e.g., sulfurized, salified, heterocyclic ring is one reduced, blown, etc.) having as ring members only 134 ..With carboxylic acid or salt carbon and at least one hetero thereof atom selected from chalcogen 135 .Distillation residues of crude (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, chemical reaction mixtures, or selenium, or tellurium) and such residues chemically nitrogen (e.g., thiadiazoles, reacted (e.g., oxo still cyclic carbonates, etc.) bottoms, etc.) 147 ..With azo compound, inorganic 136 .Silicon dioxide, silicic acid, phophorus salt, or oxidate of orthosilicate, or undetermined composition as metasilicate, including additional component or surface-treated (e.g., clays, surface-treating agent onium clays, estersils, etc.) 148 ..Talc, mica, or ultramarine blue 137 ..With non-siliceous boron 149 .Elemental halogen or elemental compound as additional phosphorus component or surface- treating 150 .Elemental metal or boron, or agent alloyed metal 138 ..With non-siliceous fluorine- 151 ..With nitrogen, sulfur, or containing polymer as halogen compound additional component or 152 .Elemental sulfur, selenium, or surface-treating agent (e.g., tellurium polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.) 153 ..With compound containing 139 ..With elemental sulfur, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, elemental metal, or alloy as boron, or halogen additional component or 154 .Inorganic compound (except surface-treating agent water) (Overbased or 140 ..Asbestos carbonated organic acidic 141 ..With non-siliceous inorganic compounds are not classified heavy metal or aluminum in this subclass or its compound as additional indents on the basis of component or surface-treating inorganic overbasing or agent (e.g., molybdenum carbonating agents; the disulfide, alumina, etc.) overbased or carbonated 142 ..With carbohydrate or fibrous compounds are treated as plant matter as additional complexes, and are classified component or surface-treating with the particular organic agent (e.g., starch, elm bark, acidic compound) cellulose compounds, etc.) October 2002 CLASS 508 SOLID ANTI-FRICTION DEVICES, MATERIALS THEREFOR, LUBRICANT 508 - 3 OR SEPARATE COMPOSITIONS FOR MOVING SOLID SURFACES, AND MISCELLA- NEOUS MINERAL OIL COMPOSITIONS 155 ..The inorganic compound contains 174 ..With organic phosphorus boron (e.g., boron nitride, compound boramine, etc.) 175 ..With organic -C(=O)O- compound 156 ...Oxygen bonded directly to the (e.g., ester waxes, etc.) boron (e.g., metal borates, 176 ...The inorganic compound boric oxide, etc.) contains nitrogen 157 ....With triglyceride or 177 ...With organic nitrogen compound naturally occurring ester wax 178 ...The inorganic compound is a (e.g., beeswax, palm, oil, metal hydroxide or metal oxide tallow, etc.) 179 ..With organic nitrogen or sulfur 158 ....With carboxylic acid or salt compound thereof 180 ..The inorganic compound is a 159 ....With phosphorus compound carbonate 160 ....With acyclic organic compound 181 .PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) consisting of carbon, 182 ..With compound having ether hydrogen, and oxygen (e.g., group glycols, glycol ethers, 183 ..With silicon compound, or alcohols, etc.) organic phosphorus or sulfur 161 ..The inorganic compound contains compound phosphorus or silicon (e.g., 184 .Azo compound (i.e., compound phosphorus sulfide, etc.) having two acyclic nitrogens 162 ...Oxygen bonded directly to the double bonded to each other, phosphorus (e.g., and carbon single bonded to orthophosphoric acid, each of the nitrogens) phosphate salts, etc.) 185 .Organic compound containing 163 ...With inorganic compound not boron containing phosphorus (except 186 ..Borated or boronated carbonated water) or overbased organic acid 164 ....With carboxylic acid or salt salts (e.g., borated overbased thereof carbonated sulfonates, etc.) 165 ..The inorganic compound contains 187 ..Phosphorus or silicon heavy metal or aluminum containing 166 ...Sulfide, selenide, or 188 ...Nitrogen containing telluride of heavy metal or 189 ..Nitrogen containing (i.e., aluminum (e.g., lithopone, nitrogen and boron in the same etc.) compound) 167 ....The heavy metal is molybdenum 190 ...The nitrogen is in a or tungsten (e.g., molybdenum heterocyclic ring, which ring sulfide, etc.) either appears in the compound 168 .....With organic nitrogen or or has been reacted with a halogen compound boron compound; a heterocyclic 169 .....With sulfur compound or ring is one having as ring additional inorganic metal members only carbon and at compound least one hetero atom selected 170 ...Ammonium or additional diverse from nitrogen and chalcogen metal in the inorganic (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, compound (e.g., alum, sodium selenium, or tellurium) molybdate, etc.) 191 ....The nitrogen heterocyclic 171 ...The heavy metal is iron or ring contains ring chalcogen lead (e.g., oxazoline compounds, 172 ...Aluminum or zinc in the etc.) inorganic compound 173 ..With organic compound containing silicon October 2002 508 - 4 CLASS 508 SOLID ANTI-FRICTION DEVICES, MATERIALS THEREFOR, LUBRICANT OR SEPARATE COMPOSITIONS FOR MOVING SOLID SURFACES, AND MISCELLA- NEOUS MINERAL OIL COMPOSITIONS 192 ....The nitrogen heterocyclic 212 ....With organic -C(=O)O­ ring has chalcogen bonded compound (e.g., lithium 12- directly to ring carbon hydroxystearate, etc.) adjacent to ring nitrogen 213 .....Heavy metal or aluminum in (e.g., succinimide compounds, the organic -C(=O)O-compound etc.) 214 .....The single bonded oxygen is 193 ...Sulfur containing bonded directly to an 194 ...Carbonyl containing additional carbon (e.g., 195 ...Oxygen and nitrogen bonded
Recommended publications
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Some reactions of phosphorus compounds as studied by 31p nmr techniques Nisbet, M. P. How to cite: Nisbet, M. P. (1976) Some reactions of phosphorus compounds as studied by 31p nmr techniques, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8177/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk To Mum, Dad, and Steven Everything in this universe is made of one element which is a note, a single note. Atoms are really vibrations, you know, which are extensions of the BIG note. Everything is one note, even the ponies. Francis Vincent Zappa 1967 Declaration The work described in this thesis was carried out in the University of Durham between September 19 72 and July 1975. This work has not been submitted, either completely or in part, for a degree in this or any other university and is the original work of the author except where acknowledged by reference.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11) E Re
    United States Patent (19) 11) E Re. 30,279 Toy et al. (45) Reissued May 20, 1980 54 PROCESS FOR PREPARING ALKYLOR 3,813,435 5/1974 Wood et al. ...................... 260/543 P ARYL PHOSPHORUS HALOES AND 3,847,979 1/1974 Richards .......................... 260/543 P MXED SOMERS THEREOF FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Arthur D. F. Toy, Stamford, Conn.; 1184767 3/1970 United Kingdom ................. 260/543 P Eugene H. Uhing, Ridgewood, N.J. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 73) Assignee: Stauffer Chemical Company, Westport, Conn. Ethyl Corp., Development Products Bulletin, Feb. 1969. 21 Appl. No.: 854 Richard et al., “J.A.C.S.", vol. 83 (1961), pp. 1722-1726. (22 Filed: Jan. 4, 1979 Kosolapoff, "Organo Phos. Comps.", pp. 152, 162 (1950). Related U.S. Patent Documents Sommer, "Zeit Anorg. Alleg. Chem.'", 1970,376(1), pp. Reissue of: 37-43. 64 Patent No.: 3,897,491 issued: Jul. 29, 1975 Primary Examiner-Norman Morgenstern Appl. No.: 151955 Attorney, Agent, or Firn-Paul J. Juettner Fied: Jun. 10, 1971 57 ABSTRACT 51) int.C. ................................................ COTF 9/42 Alkyl or aryl phosphonic or phosphonothioic dihalides 52) U.S. C. ........................... 260/543 P 260/45.7 P; and phosphinic or phosphinothioic monohalides are 260/45.7 PS prepared by reacting an alkyl halide or aryl halide re 58) Field of Search ......... 260/543 P, 45.7 P, 45.7 PS spectively with a tri-valent phosphorus compound hav (56) References Cited ing at least two halogens attached thereto, and prefera bly three two halogens such as phosphorus trihalide, in U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS the presence of P4O10or P4S10 under at least autogenous 2,345,690 4/1944 Solmssen .........................
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11) 4,133,830 Uhing Et Al
    United States Patent (19) 11) 4,133,830 Uhing et al. 45) Jan. 9, 1979 54 PROCESS FOR PREPARING ALKYLOR ARYL THOPHOSPHORUS HALDES AND MEXED SOMERS THEREOF 75 Inventors: Eugene H. Uhing, Pleasantville; Francis A. Via, Yorktown Heights, both of N.Y. 73) Assignee: Stauffer Chemical Company, wherein R is a C1 to Coalkyl radical, cycloalkyl of 5-6 Westport, Conn. carbon atoms in the ring and the C1-C4 alkyl substituted derivative thereof, an aralkyl radical of up to two fused (21) Appl. No.: 765,705 rings, the alkyl portion having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl radical of up to three fused rings and the 22 Filed: Feb. 4, 1977 C1-C4 alkyl derivatives thereof, and biphenyl and the 51 Int. Cl? .......................... C07H9/34; C07H9/42 C1-C4 alkyl derivatives thereof, X is a halogen of chlo (52) rine or bromine, and Z is either R or X, by the reaction 58) Field of Search ..................................... 260/543 P of a phosphorus halide source, a hydrocarbon source selected from the group consisting of RH, RX and (56) References Cited RSaR, whereina is 1 or 2 and a sulfur source under U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS autogenous pressure in an autoclave at a temperature 3,429,916 2/1969 Baker et al. ...................... 260/543 P ranging from about 175 C. to about 450° C. by recy 3,726,918 4/1973 Toy et al. ......................... 260/543 P cling to successive runs a by-product of the reaction 3,790,629 2/1974 Uhing et al. ... 260/543 P remaining after separation of the RPCS)XZ product 3,803,226 4/1974 Uhing et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Oxidation State Group 15 Chemistry: New Synthetic Methods Towards Polymers
    Low Oxidation State Group 15 Chemistry: New Synthetic Methods Towards Polymers By Erin L. Norton A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research through the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-42260-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-42260-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of Alum from Aluminum
    Synthesis of Alum from Aluminum Taken from Central Oregon College Chemistry Manual OBJECTIVES: To carry out a series of reactions to transform a piece of aluminum foil into crystals of alum and to gain familiarity with using stoichiometry to determine the yield for the reaction. SAFETY AND DISPOSAL: Strong acids and bases are corrosive and should be handled with care. Immediately wipe up any spills and wash hands with plenty of soap and water. Work in the mini-hoods whenever possible to avoid breathing in fumes. All solutions can be disposed of down the sink with running water. The alum can be safely disposed of in the trash but has a number of uses and can be used for other laboratories, place alum crystals into the designated container. INTRODUCTION: Aluminum is a material that you may have had some experience with and paid little attention to, but has some very interesting characteristics. Here are some fun facts about aluminum metal: 1. Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust. 2. The supply of aluminum ore is not inexhaustible. 3. The winning, or extraction of the metallic form an impure ionic source, of aluminum from aluminum ore is very costly from an energy point of view. 4. The above point explains why Napoleon III used aluminum dinnerware for his state dinners. Lesser guests were served on plates of gold or silver. 5. The process of obtaining pure metallic aluminum from aluminum oxide in a reasonably energy efficient manner, which made it possible for aluminum to be the inexpensive metal we know today, was developed in a home laboratory shortly after the chemist finished his undergraduate degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacqueline Garland Phd Thesis
    STUDIES IN PHOSPHORUS-SELENIUM CHEMISTRY Jacqueline Garland A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2013 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3688 This item is protected by original copyright Studies in Phosphorus-Selenium Chemistry Jacqueline Garland This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.) at the University of St Andrews and Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) at the Universität Leipzig 21st February 2013 Supervisors: Prof. J. D. Woollins Prof. E Hey-Hawkins Declarations I, Jacqueline Garland, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 53000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September, 2008 and as a candidate for the degree of July 2009; in the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews and the Universität Leipzig between 2008 and 2013. Date: 21st February 2013 Signature of candidate: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD. in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. Date: 21st February 2013 Signature of supervisor: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 7 ALCOHOLS, THIOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS 7.1 Alcohols
    CHAPTER 7 ALCOHOLS, THIOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS Several new functional groups are presented in this chapter. All of the functions are based on oxygen and sulfur in the sp2 hybridized state. The functional groups contain two pairs of non-bonding electrons and are the cornerstone of many organic processes. The structures for alcohols, phenols, thiols, ethers and thioethers are shown below. Alkyl-OH Ph-OH Alkyl-SH R-O-R R-S-R alcohol phenol thiol ether thioether 7.1 Alcohols 7.1a Nomenclature Priorities in nomenclature Several functional groups have been encountered as we have advanced through the chapters. When a new functional group is presented, its nomenclature is always based on the parent name with an ending that designates the functional group. When several functional groups are present in a molecule, priority rules must be used to determine which function is the parent system that determines the numbering of the system and the suffix used in the final name. The priority list is as follows: carboxylic acids > aldehydes> ketones> alcohols > amines > alkene > alkyne > alkyl, halogen, nitro Thus a compound that contained hydroxy, alkene and ketone functions would be named as a ketone with the ketone getting the lowest number possible, and substituents are numbered accordingly and named in alphabetical order. Below the compound on the left is named as an alcohol, but the one on the right is named as a ketone even though both compounds have the seven carbon backbone. 124 Ch 7 Alcohols, Thiols, Phenols, Ethers OH OH Cl Cl O 7-chloro-3-hepten-2-ol 1-chloro-6-hydroxy-4-hepten-3-one OH has priority ketone has priority Alcohol Nomenclature Hydroxy compounds are encountered frequently in organic chemistry and the OH function is of high priority with only acids, aldehydes and ketones having higher priority.
    [Show full text]
  • Uilitgd States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,647,386 Jamison [45] Date of Patent: Mar
    UIlItGd States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,647,386 Jamison [45] Date of Patent: Mar. 3, 1987 [54] INTERCALATED TRANSITION METAL Attorney, Agent, or Firm-—Robert E. Harris BASED SOLID LUBRICATING COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF SO [57] ABSTRACT , FORMING A solid lubricating composition and method for form ing such a composition are disclosed. The composition [76] Inventor: Warren E. Jamison, 528 Parkview Ave., Golden, Colo. 80401 is formed by intercalating a transition metal that has been chemically reacted with chalcogen to form a lay [21] App]. No.: 538,137 ered structure. The transition metal is selected from [22] Filed: Oct. 3, 1983 niobium, tantalum, tungsten and/or an alloy including one or more, and the transition metal is chemically [51] Int. Cl.4 ......................................... .. C10M 125/22 combined with chalcogen selected from sulfur, sele [52] US. Cl. ...................... .. 252/25; 423/561 R nium and/or a combination which can also include [5 8] Field of Search ..................... .. 252/25; 423/561 R tellurium to form a layered transition metal dischal [56] References Cited cogenide prior to intercalation with a metal, preferably U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS a coinage metal. The effect of intercalation is to expand the crystal lattice to create a composition having excel 3,573,204 3/1971 Van Wyk ............................ .. 252/12 Thompson 252/12 lent lubricating characteristics the performance of 3,763,043 10/1973 which is not adversely effected by operation in a high 3,769,210 10/1973 Cais et a1. ........ .. 252/25 4,040,917 8/1977 Whittingham . .. 204/36 temperature environment. 4,094,893 6/ 1978 Dines .................................
    [Show full text]
  • Synergy of Alum and Chlorine Dioxide for Curbing Disinfection Byproduct Formation Potential at Central Arkansas Water Corey W
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2012 Synergy of Alum and Chlorine Dioxide for Curbing Disinfection Byproduct Formation Potential at Central Arkansas Water Corey W. Granderson University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Recommended Citation Granderson, Corey W., "Synergy of Alum and Chlorine Dioxide for Curbing Disinfection Byproduct Formation Potential at Central Arkansas Water" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 310. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/310 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. SYNERGY OF ALUM AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE FOR CURBING DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT FORMATION POTENTIAL AT CENTRAL ARKANSAS WATER SYNERGY OF ALUM AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE FOR CURBING DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT FORMATION POTENTIAL AT CENTRAL ARKANSAS WATER A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering By Corey W. Granderson University of Arkansas Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, 2008 May 2012 University of Arkansas Abstract Central Arkansas Water (CAW), the water utility for Little Rock, AR, draws their source water from Lake Maumelle and Lake Winona. To curb disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, CAW has begun retrofitting their two plants to use chlorine dioxide as an alternative primary disinfectant followed by free chlorine secondary disinfection in the distribution system. In this study, fluorescence parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis was combined with free chlorine simulated distribution system (SDS) tests and DBP formation potential (DBPFP) tests to study the benefit of chlorine dioxide primary disinfection (CDPD) with alum coagulation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Par Infrared Spectra Op Several Pyramidal
    THE PAR INFRARED SPECTRA OP SEVERAL PYRAMIDAL TRIHALIDES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Gradxiate School of The Ohio State University By / PHILIP DAVIS, B. Sc. The Ohio State University 1954 Approved by: Adviser ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I 3hould. like to express my appreciation to Dr. Robert A. Oetjen and to Dr. Ely E. Bell for their guidance and patience during the course of this work. The ever­ present aid of the indefatigable Raymond L. Brown and Edward D. Palik of this laboratory was of great assistance to me throughout the time the work was in progress. I am indebted to The Ohio State University Research Foundation for allowing me a Fellowship for the year 1952- 53 and to the Wright Air Development Center for permitting me to use the far infrared spectrometer to carry out this investigation. Finally the excellent work of Mr. Carl McWhirt and the staff of the Physics Department shop is gratefully acknowledged. iii TABLE OB1 CONTENTS Introduction................. 1 H i s t o r y ............ 3 Experimental Procedure .............................. 6 Instrumentation ................... 6 Samples ................. 1 5 Cells ........... 1 6 Theory ............... .......... ......... 26 Group Theory ........... ........... 26 Normal Vibrations ..... ................. 43 Experimental Results ................................ 55 Phosphorus Trichloride ....................... 55 Arsenic Trichloride .......................... 62 Phosphorus Tribromide .......................
    [Show full text]
  • Aluminum Discovered: H.C. Oersted in 1825 Name: from Alum, Used By
    Aluminum Discovered: H.C. Oersted in 1825 Name: From alum, used by ancient Greeks and Romans as an astringent and as a mordant in dyeing. Sir Humphrey Davy proposed the name aluminum, but changed it to aluminium to have it conform to the spelling of other metals. This spelling was used in the U.S. until 1925 when the ACS when back to the original spelling. The rest of the world uses the “-ium” ending. Occurrence: It is the most common metallic element in the Earth's crust and occurs in many different forms in nature some of which are: bauxite, cryolite (Na3AlF6), micas, feldspars, vermiculite, diaspore (AlO2H), gibbsite (Al(OH)3), garnet (Ca3Al2(SiO4)3), beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18), turquoise (Al2(OH)3PO4H2O/Cu), corundum (-Al2O3), other Al2O3 with impurities are ruby (Cr(III)), topaz (Fe(III)), sapphire, and oriental emerald. Bauxite deposits are common. Large reserves are found in Australia, Africa, Brazil, Central America, Guinea, and Jamaica. Isolation: Bauxite (AlO2H•nH2O) is dissolved in molten NaOH (1200 ºC) and is precipitated with CO2, then dissolved in cryolite at 950 ºC and electrolyzed (Bayer process). Cost of 1 gram, 1 mole: $0.08, $2.20 Natural Isotopes: 27Al (100%) Physical and Relatively low melting point Chemical High electrical conductivity Properties: Soft Low density Silvery white in color Non-magnetic Corrosion resistant Highly malleable and ductile Reactions: 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2 2 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3 H2O Uses: Alloys for building construction, transportation, containers and packaging, electrical power lines, cookware, etc. Al3.6Zr(OH)11.6Cl3.2•xH2O•glycine is the active ingredient in some antiperspirants Al2O3 is a major component of Portland cement Beryllium Discovered: By L.-N.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Chemistry
    Green Chemistry View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Catalyst- and solvent-free hydrophosphination and multicomponent hydrothiophosphination of Cite this: Green Chem., 2016, 18, 4896 alkenes and alkynes† Yanina Moglie,‡a María José González-Soria,a Iris Martín-García,a Gabriel Radivoyb and Francisco Alonso*a The hydrophosphination of carbon–carbon multiple bonds has been generally performed under acid, base or metal catalysis in different solvents. Herein, alkyl and alkenyl tertiary phosphines are obtained by the addition of diphenylphosphine to alkenes and alkynes, respectively, in the absence of a solvent and a catalyst. In the presence of elemental sulfur, the corresponding alkyl and alkenyl tertiary phosphine Received 30th March 2016, sulfides are synthesized in a three-component process. These simple methods, which meet most of the Accepted 24th May 2016 principles of Green Chemistry, are highly regioselective towards the anti-Markovnikov products and DOI: 10.1039/c6gc00903d diastereoselective towards the Z alkenyl phosphines. The mechanistic aspects of the reactions are also Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. www.rsc.org/greenchem tackled and the efficiency of the latter is compared with that of the catalytic methods. Introduction The deployment of phosphorus compounds in industry has become widespread because of their manifold applications.1 Nowadays, many chemical, agrochemical and pharmaceutical This article is licensed under a substances containing phosphorus are routinely produced to control some natural or human-triggered processes and to upgrade the quality of our lives. Research laboratories also make extensive use of organophosphorus compounds, particu- Open Access Article. Published on 24 May 2016. Downloaded 9/28/2021 4:32:05 AM.
    [Show full text]