U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXX U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M7.6 Northern Pakistan Earthquake of 8 October 2005

Epicentral Area 70°E 71°E 72°E 73°E 74°E 75°E 76°E 77°E 78°E 60° Seismicity 1900 - 2005 80° 60° 80° Tectonic Setting 65° 75° 65° 70° 70° 75° EXPLANATION Buattar Kil 1907 Keshem Lasht TA JI KI S TA N D u s h a n b e Khudabad Menggubao TU R K M E N IS T A N TA JI KI S TA N TU R K M E N IS T A N K C H I N A 1950 Main Shock 1175 U N Eshkashem Chinderikin H S H L B a d a k h s h a n 1917 U S U U N 50 K K S 1937Ghowrayd Xaidulla 818 1950 H A Morich 1902 C H I N A N Munjawa Pasu Mazar Main Shock 818 U U 1909 Gharami D D K Chindrikir 818 a 1908 1922 N N r 1943 Brep e a 1924 Chatorkhand e I I k 1902 Baltit Aftershocks g g 1929 n H H n H H o 1974 C H I N A 765 a a r 1983 35° R 35° 35° R a 35° 1965 Earthquakes 1900 - 2005 1102 s s m 1951 s u 1874 I s u I 1993 36°N m i P a m i R Gupis P a r a p a a r a p a Lon Bubur 0 - 69 km KABUL M KABUL M n Handrap Nomal X i n j i a n g 1842 1828 g e 70 - 299 1985 Bargu Pain A 1911 1921 Dung Maroi Hope E U R A S I A P L A T E A 36°N T a k h a r Dorchan Magnitude Classes E U R A S I A P L A T E ISLAMABAD Shah- Gushten NORTHERN PAKISTAN ISLAMABAD L Singur GILGIT L 1949 e Pari Hurban Teshapali 4.0 - 4.9 A Pahot N8i yOerctober 2005 03:50:40.61 UTC A F G H A N I S T A N 25 1905 A A F G H A N I S T A N N o r t h e r n A r e a s Hurimal 5.0 - 5.9 Y K a p i s a Silbu 34.476° N., 73.577° E. Y Barmas 6.0 - 6.9 EPICENTRAL AREA Domot Ramghat Pul Depth 26 km EPICENTRAL AREA A A Rondu Dusi Mw = 7.6 (HRV) 7.0 - 7.9 . . Khavak Sazin 43 mm/yr Mushkin Namika a a Ame 8.0 - 8.9 R Katsala R Hiusming Atiti Mirkhani Ges Khand Chapo R i g e s t a n n 1827 R i g e s t a n n Chilas Over 22,288 Tpaenopaple killed, 50,575 injured and many buildings a RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS a Astar Khorkondus Pre-1900 Earthquakes Skharedaovily damaged or destroyed in northern Pakistan. The heavi- im G im Krabathung 1892 a a A F G H A N I S T A N Biaso 30° Su l a 30° 30° Su l G 30° Arandu est damage oKceclisurred in the MuTzaanfsfhaarmabad area where entire vill- No magnitude The relative motion of adjacent tectonic plates N o r t h - w e s t F r o n t i e r Gwali Goma 1997 t n t a Nilaw Khume ages were destroyed. BuKigldhianpglus collapsed in Gujranwala, Gujrat, r is depicted on the map by short vectors shown r n Parkutta Lunkha Saser 35°N 6.0 - 6.9 e g e Koliap Rattu Catt Islamabad Daencdhi nLpaahore. Felt at Chakwal, Faisalabad,Jhang, Sar- e at selected locations on the plate boundary. In s g K o n a r h a Fazildin- 7.0 - 7.9 1931 s 47 mm/yr 1852 e s this presentation, one of the plates is defined as e e Wama Ki-Basti godha and as far Mausl Quetta. At least 946 people killed and 4,3S8a6so ma D s Chechri Kadal Chuar 8.0 - 8.9 1935 D 1905 P ASMAR Saral injured in India. The heaPviaepsatld doamage occurred at Uri where 80 the reference plate. The vector therefore repre- 35°N L a g h m a n Sardar Chauki Murgi NEW DELHI l P A K I S T A N n NEW DELHI P Baihk percent of the town was destroyed. At leCahsatl u3n2k,a335 buildings col- Plate Boundaries n a sents the direction of motion of the adjacent l Shang Kalapani Yagulung a i a a NURESTAN Bakwali Seri Marol n plate relative to the reference plate. The rate of i Kel Minimarg lapsed in Anantnag, Baramula, Jammu and Srinagar, Kashmir. P A K I S T A N i i EXPLANATION Lari Khusrunaral Dumgul Kharu Sumur Continental Convergent d relative motion is labeled next to the vector. d EnXPLANATION Felt iSna Digaerlhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pra- 1803 Suti Gultari Goma Hanu Arganglas I R A N 1934 n I R A N n Main Shock Pashshad Wampor desh, PunDjalbun, aRngajasthan, UtLtalruanchal and Uttar Pradesh, India. K a b o l Satti Continental Rift I I Main Shock At least one person killed and some buildingscollapsed in Afghan- e The components of the vector perpendicular aend Sorubi Kuligam Kargil g t g t TOTAKAN Skirbuchan Continental LL Transform n parallel to the plate margin approximate connverg- BAT KHELA Badoab istan. Felt Sfroommat central Afghanistan to western Bangladesh. An Khardung a a I N D I A a a I N D I A Wanagam Shudur Goma R R 8 October 2005 8 October 2005 Nutnus eMsattiamyaanted 4 mDriallsion people in the area left homeless. Landslides Agham C an e ent/divergent and transCverse directiona onf motion e Isganiap Hiniskut Saspul Continental RL Transform entral Makr entral Makr JALALABAD Khalsi r between the plates, respectively. As viewed from r SAKHAKOT and rockfalls daUmmabgaed roads and bridges blocking accGeosmsp tao MUZAFFARABAD Dragriyung Shispur Phonjila Sonamarg many of the heavily damagedAm aprueltausn. Machakka LEH Oceanic Convergent G I N D I A P L A T E the reference plate, an inward directed component G SOPOR 25° 25° 25° I N D I A P L A T E Aftershocks 25° Aftershocks 8 - 15 Oct 2005 MANSHERA Kulan TANGI BARAMULA Harganyiwan Itchu suggests convergence at and near the plate bound- N a n g a r h a r Palhalan Suru Oceanic RL Transform Earthquakes 1900 - 2005 MARDAN Gulmatungo Longzaling 34°N Karachi ary that may be expressed as crustal folding, up- Karachi 4.6W - a4z.i9r GERDI ABBOTTABAD Ranbinpura CHARSADDA SRINAGAR Brariyen Zulidok Skio 1945 lift, thrust faulting, or plate subduction. Similarly, 0 - 69 km Uri Pampur Sokhniz Baziran Chaluk Volcanoes 5.0 - 5.9 LANDI Gulmarg Narastan Changa 1668 Topi 1688 an outward directed component suggests plate 70 - 299 KOTAL PESHAWAR HARIPUR Linshot 6.0 - 6.9 Aish Mugam Doltal divergencAe sRuAchB asI Awo uPldL bAe TexEpected at Ia NzonDe I A N 34°N L o w g a r NOWSHERA MURREE Kasba Awantipura A R A B I A P L A T E I N D I A N Magnitude Classes Kahuta 2001 of crustal spreading. Transcurrent or transform PARACHINAR HAZRO 60° 80° 60° 80° Earthquakes 1900 - 2005 ANANTNAG Mul O C E A N O C E A N Cherat PUNCH Bijbiara Honia 65° 1819 75° faulting would be expected when the do m 65i°nant 75° 4.0 - 4.9 WAH Rajpur Warwan 70° 70° Hajira Shupiyan vector component is parallel to the plate margin. 0 - 69 km CAMPBELLPORE Nogam 5.0 - 5.9 Shahderi Sokh Sarul SCALE 1:10,000,000 Albers Equal Area Projection SCALE 1:10,000,000 70 - 299 Sadda A z a d J a m m u & HarazI N D I A Albers Equal Area Projection 6.0 - 6.9 RAWALPINDI KOHAT FATEHJANG K a s h m i r Su LARGEST EARTHQUAKES 765 - 2005 Kilometers Kilometers P a k30t0 -i 69a9 K a s h m i r Marbal Chila PAKISTAN AND VICINITY 7.0 - 7.9 HANGU Yaytah Sangtha 0 50 100 200 300 400 0 50 100 200 300 400 P r o v i n c e Gund Mugal Maidan Magnitude Classes Tichip 8.0 - 8.9 Rajauri Kot Ariz YR MO DY LAT LON DEPTH MAG YAQUBI Bainka Panjan Kadnel Char Plate Boundaries KHOWS4.T0 - 4.9 Mandra THAL Tahar Shandero 765 35.2 60.4 25 7.6 Saria Doda Khandhot Taka 818 5 15 36.8 66.2 50 7.5 5.0 - 5.9 P A K I S T A N GUJAR Chack Continental Convergent PINDI GHEB Goati 1175 37.5 65.5 15 7.1 TANI Chaunkri 33°N KHAN Naushahra Riasi Thalol Gondo 6.0 - 6.9 Makhad Pandori 1819 6 16 23.0 71.0 0 8.3 Continental Rift 1896 9 23 37.0 71.0 160 7.5 Bhimbar Bhadarwah 1905 Dumare 1902 10 6 36.5 70.5 200 7.2 Continental LL Transform 7.0 - 7.9 BANNU 33°N MIRAM SHAH KALABAGH Chakwal UDHAMPUR 1905 4 4 33.0 76.0 0 7.8 JHELUM Dhangar Kurwanda Thirdu H i m a c h a l 1905 9 26 29.0 74.0 60 7.1 Continental RL Transform TALAGANG Shaini 1907 10 21 38.0 69.0 0 7.2 Sarai Naurang Daud Khel Ramnagar P r a d e s h 8.0 - 8.9 KHARIAN JAMMU Hinsa Hinsa 1908 10 24 36.5 70.5 220 7.0 Oceanic Convergent P u n j a b Karianwala Karlup Daulat Chaprar 1909 7 7 36.5 70.5 230 7.6 DINGA JALAPUR 60° 80° Dillewali KHEWRA Daulat Nagar Dhallewalli Chhanni Gushai 1909 10 20 30.0 68.0 0 7.0 Generalized Seismic Hazard Oceanic RL Transform RazmaUkrbanized Areas ISA KHEL Nurpur Nagar Nawanshahr Chamba 1911 7 4 36.0 70.5 190 7.4 65° 70° 75° MIANWALI PIND DADAN KHAH MALAKWAL MINDA GUJURAT Chakroi 1917 4 21 37.0 70.5 220 7.1 Volcanoes Political Boundaries LAKKI KUNJAH SIALKOT TU R K M E N IS T A N TA JI KI S TA N Naushahra BAHAUDDIN 1921 11 15 36.116 70.724 152 7.6 Kundian WAZIRABAD Sambnal Mahrajke Harar KATHUA 1922 12 6 36.445 70.939 240 7.3 Seismic Hazard Daska MADHOPUR Bara S H International Bhoroki 1924 10 13 36.522 70.831 179 7.2 U Ama Zafarwal PATHANKOT NURPUR Hatli Bangahol K RASULNAGAR Chawinda Dhamithal 1929 2 1 36.459 70.931 208 7.0 0.0 - 0.2 m/sec² ProvJianncdiaola Khel Pezu KHUSHAB JHAWARIAN LORRIKKE DHARMSALA U C H I N A Ghakhar PASUR Shakargarh 1931 8 27 29.473 67.172 35 7.1 Gul Iman QAIDABAD BHALWAL AKALGARH Satrah Jawali PATHIAR D 0.2 - 0.4 Disputed Piplan SHAHPUR Nainakat DINANAGAR Tarmahr 1934 6 13 27.428 62.594 35 7.0 Paniala MITHA Palampur Shirir 32°N N GUJRANWALA Kangra 1935 5 30 28.894 66.176 35 8.1 e I 0.4 - 0.8 Line of Control Takwara Kahur Kot TIWANA Jabokke NAROWAL Pulga g SARGODHA HAFIZABAD EMINABAD GURDASPUR Katnor 1937 11 14 36.569 70.670 200 7.1 n H H Paharpur Adhi Kot Roda Mirakpur Kulu a 0.8 - 1.6 Kot Azam 1943 2 28 36.500 70.500 210 7.1 35° R 35° Maihbal Nawan Jandanwala Midh Banjha Kamoke P u n j a bHajipur Sakrialu s Sahiwal Dhariwal Kahnuwan Bhuntar 1945 11 27 24.500 63.000 0 8.0 s u I 1.6 - 3.2 32°N B a l u c h i s t a n P a r a p a m i 1949 3 4 36.000 70.500 230 7.4 KABUL M 3.2 - 6.4 70°E 71°E 72°E 73°E 74°E 75°E 76°E 77°E 1950 7 9 36.700 70.500 223 7.5 1951 6 12 36.300 71.000 223 7.5 6.4 - 9.8 SCALE 1:2,000,000 A Albers Equal Area Projection 1956 6 9 35.042 67.479 35 7.6 E U R A S I A P L A T E ISLAMABAD 1965 3 14 36.400 70.716 210 7.5 L 1966 8 1 30.051 68.629 10 7.0 Kilometers A 1974 7 30 36.368 70.732 214 7.1 A F G H A N I S T A N 0 20 40 80 120 160 1983 12 30 36.401 70.713 214 7.4 Y 1985 7 29 36.164 70.864 100 7.4 EPICENTRAL AREA A 1993 8 9 36.329 70.884 215 7.0 1997 2 27 29.970 68.220 22 7.1 . DISCUSSION 2001 1 26 23.394 70.234 16 7.7 a

R 2005 10 8 34.476 73.577 26 7.6

R i g e s t a n n a Earthquakes and active faults in northern Pakistan and adjacent m G a i parts of India and Afghanistan are the direct result of the Indian 30° Su l a 30° t n r subcontinent moving northward at a rate of about 40 mm/yr (1.6 e g s e inches/yr) and colliding with the Eurasian continent. This collision REFERENCES DATA SOURCES e s is causing uplift that produces the highest mountain peaks in the D P l world including the Himalayan, the Karakoram, the Pamir and the Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD P A K I S T A N n NEW DELHI a a i Hindu Kush ranges. As the Indian plate moves northward, it is be- i n Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. USGS, National Earthquake Information Center d ing subducted or pushed beneath the Eurasian plate. Much of the NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center I R A N n I compressional motion between these two colliding plates has been Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and

e and continues to be accommodated by slip on a suite of major g t 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) COMMUNITY INTERNET INTENSITY MAP n a a I N D I A thrust faults that are at the Earth’s surface in the foothills of the International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) n R Central Makra e mountains and dip northward beneath the ranges. These include r Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academic Press, 932 p. Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP, 1999) The Community Internet Intensity Map (CIIM) summarizes the Main Frontal thrust, the Main Central thrust, the Main boundary G the online questionnaire responses provided by Internet 25° I N D I A P L A T E 25° thrust, and the Main Mantle thrust. These thrust faults have a Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, PLATE TECTONICS users. An intensity number is assigned to each community Karachi sinuous trace as they arc across the foothills in northern India and Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- PB2002 (Bird, 2003) from which a filled-out CIIM questionnaire was received; into northern Pakistan. In detail, the modern active faults are el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. each intensity value reflects the effects of earthquake A R A B I A P L A T E I N D I A N actually a system of faults comprised of a number of individual fault Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743. VOLCANOES shaking on the people and structures in the community. traces. In the rugged mountainous terrain, it is difficult to identify Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcano Program The color of each circular symbol on the map represents 60° O C E A N 80° 65° 75° and map all of the individual thrust faults, but the overall tectonic Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992, 1993, the average of the individual intensity values from that 70° SCALE 1:10,000,000 style of the modern deformation is clear in the area of the earth- Digital Chart of the World: ESRI, Data Dictionary and CD- BASE MAP community; the size of the symbol is related to the Albers Equal Area Projection quake; north- and northeast-directed compression is producing thrust ROM(4), Redlands, Calif., USA. ESRI (1992), Digital Chart of the World population of the community. Kilometers faulting. Near the city of Muzaffarabad, about 10 km southwest of 0 50 100 200 300 400 GLOBE (1999) the earthquake epicenter, active thrust faults that strike northwest- GLOBE Task Team and others, 1999, The Global Land One- IOC, IHO, and BODC (2003) southeast have deformed and warped Pleistocene alluvial-fan sur- Kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) Digital Elevation Model, faces into anticlinal ridges. The strike and dip direction of these Version 1.0: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- NEWS SOURCES thrust faults is compatible with the style of faulting indicated by the Seismic hazard is expressed as peak DISCLAIMER tion, Boulder, Colo., USA. Associated Press ground acceleration (PGA) on firm rock, focal mechanism from the nearby M 7.6 earthquake. Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey in meters/sec², expected to be exceeded Base map data, such as place names and political IOC, IHO, and BODC, 2003, Centenary Edition of the GEBCO National Earthquake Information Center in a 50-yr period with a probability of boundaries, are the best available but may not be Digital Atlas: CD-ROM(2), British Oceanographic Data 17 October 2005 10 percent. current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore should not be regarded as having official significance. Centre, Liverpool, UK. Map not approved for release by Director USGS