Nonspillable Lead-Acid Battery
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Anodic Oxygen-Transfer Electrocatalysis at Pure and Modified Lead Dioxide Electrodes in Acidic Media In-Hyeong Yeo Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1987 Anodic oxygen-transfer electrocatalysis at pure and modified lead dioxide electrodes in acidic media In-Hyeong Yeo Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Yeo, In-Hyeong, "Anodic oxygen-transfer electrocatalysis at pure and modified lead dioxide electrodes in acidic media " (1987). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11664. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11664 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Safety Data Sheet CS: 1.7.2
Safety Data Sheet CS: 1.7.2 Page : 1 of 6 Infosafe No ™ 1CH9H Issue Date : July 2018 RE-ISSUED by CHEMSUPP Product Name : LEAD (II,IV) OXIDE Classified as hazardous 1. Identification GHS Product LEAD (II,IV) OXIDE Identifier Company Name CHEM-SUPPLY PTY LTD (ABN 19 008 264 211) Address 38 - 50 Bedford Street GILLMAN SA 5013 Australia Telephone/Fax Tel: (08) 8440-2000 Number Fax: (08) 8440-2001 Recommended use Storage batteries, glass, pottery and enameling, varnish, purification of alcohol, packing pipe joints, of the chemical and metal protective paints, fluxes, ceramic glazes and laboratory reagent. restrictions on use Other Names Name Product Code Lead oxide red Red lead LEAD (II,IV) OXIDE LR LL027 Lead tetraoxide LEAD (II,IV) OXIDE TG LT027 Other Information EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBER: +61 08 8440 2000 Business hours: 8:30am to 5:00pm, Monday to Friday. Chem-Supply Pty Ltd does not warrant that this product is suitable for any use or purpose. The user must ascertain the suitability of the product before use or application intended purpose. Preliminary testing of the product before use or application is recommended. Any reliance or purported reliance upon Chem-Supply Pty Ltd with respect to any skill or judgement or advice in relation to the suitability of this product of any purpose is disclaimed. Except to the extent prohibited at law, any condition implied by any statute as to the merchantable quality of this product or fitness for any purpose is hereby excluded. This product is not sold by description. Where the provisions of Part V, Division 2 of the Trade Practices Act apply, the liability of Chem-Supply Pty Ltd is limited to the replacement of supply of equivalent goods or payment of the cost of replacing the goods or acquiring equivalent goods. -
Chemical Chemical Hazard and Compatibility Information
Chemical Chemical Hazard and Compatibility Information Acetic Acid HAZARDS & STORAGE: Corrosive and combustible liquid. Serious health hazard. Reacts with oxidizing and alkali materials. Keep above freezing point (62 degrees F) to avoid rupture of carboys and glass containers.. INCOMPATIBILITIES: 2-amino-ethanol, Acetaldehyde, Acetic anhydride, Acids, Alcohol, Amines, 2-Amino-ethanol, Ammonia, Ammonium nitrate, 5-Azidotetrazole, Bases, Bromine pentafluoride, Caustics (strong), Chlorosulfonic acid, Chromic Acid, Chromium trioxide, Chlorine trifluoride, Ethylene imine, Ethylene glycol, Ethylene diamine, Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Hydroxyl compounds, Ketones, Nitric Acid, Oleum, Oxidizers (strong), P(OCN)3, Perchloric acid, Permanganates, Peroxides, Phenols, Phosphorus isocyanate, Phosphorus trichloride, Potassium hydroxide, Potassium permanganate, Potassium-tert-butoxide, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium peroxide, Sulfuric acid, n-Xylene. Acetone HAZARDS & STORAGE: Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated place. INCOMPATIBILITIES: Acids, Bromine trifluoride, Bromine, Bromoform, Carbon, Chloroform, Chromium oxide, Chromium trioxide, Chromyl chloride, Dioxygen difluoride, Fluorine oxide, Hydrogen peroxide, 2-Methyl-1,2-butadiene, NaOBr, Nitric acid, Nitrosyl chloride, Nitrosyl perchlorate, Nitryl perchlorate, NOCl, Oxidizing materials, Permonosulfuric acid, Peroxomonosulfuric acid, Potassium-tert-butoxide, Sulfur dichloride, Sulfuric acid, thio-Diglycol, Thiotrithiazyl perchlorate, Trichloromelamine, 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine -
Hazardous Material Inventory Statement
City of Brooklyn Park FIRE DEPARTMENT 5200 - 85th Avenue North Brooklyn Park MN 55443 Phone: (763)493-8020 Fax: (763) 493-8391 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement Users Guide A separate inventory statement shall be provided for each building. An amended inventory statement shall be provided within 30 days of the storage of any hazardous materials or plastics that changes or adds a hazard class or which is sufficient in quantity to cause an increase in the quantity which exceeds 5 percent for any hazard class. The hazardous materials inventory statement shall list by hazard class categories. Each grouping shall provide the following information for each hazardous material listed for that group including a total quantity for each group of hazard class. 1. Hazard class. (See attached Hazardous Materials Categories Listing) 2. Common or trade name. 3. Chemical Abstract Service Number (CAS number) found in 29 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.). 4. Whether the material is pure or a mixture, and whether the material is a solid, liquid or gas 5. Maximum aggregate quantity stored at any one time. 6. Maximum aggregate quantity In-Use (Open to atmosphere) at any one time. 7. Maximum aggregate quantity In-Use (Closed to atmosphere) at any one time. 8. Storage conditions related to the storage type, high-pile, encapsulated, non-encapsulated. Attached is a listing of categories that all materials need to be organized to. Definitions of these categories are also attached for your use. At the end of this packet are blank forms for completing this project. For questions regarding Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement contact the Fire Department at 763-493-8020. -
Synthesis of Lead Dioxide Nanoparticles by the Pulsed Current Electrochemical Method
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 4 (2009) 1511 - 1527 International Journal of ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE www.electrochemsci.org Synthesis of Lead Dioxide Nanoparticles by the Pulsed Current Electrochemical Method Hassan Karami *, Mahboobeh Alipour Nano Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor Unirvesity (PNU), Abhar, Iran *E-mail: [email protected] Received: 22 June 2009 / Accepted: 11 November 2009 / Published: 1 December 2009 In this paper, lead dioxide nanoparticles were directly synthesized by pulsed current electrochemical method on the lead substrate in 4.8 M sulfuric acid solution. In order to obatin uniform morphology , narrowest size distribution and best composition of lead dioxide nanoparticles, the effect of experimental variables such as concentration of sulfuric acid, bath temperature, pulse frequency and pulse height (current amount), have been investigated. For conversion of all synthesized species to lead dioxide, each prepared sample was oxidized by low voltage method. The composition, morphology and structure were investigated using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). XRD results revealed lead dioxide samples, prepared under optimized experimental conditions, contain only PbO 2 in the range of 24-32 nm. Electrochemical behavior of the prepared electrodes was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The obtained results indicate that pulsed current electrochemical method can be used as a confident and controllable method for direct preparation of the lead dioxide nanoparticles on lead substrate. The lead dioxide synthesized in the optimum conditions showed an excellent discharge capacity (230 mA.h/g) when it was used as the cathode of lead-acid batteries. Keywords: Lead dioxide; Nanoparticles; Pulsed current; Direct oxidation 1. -
Lots of Lead in the Water? Maybe Manganese Is to Blame
7/30/2019 Lots Of Lead In The Water Maybe Manganese Is To Blame News | July 23, 2019 Lots Of Lead In The Water? Maybe Manganese Is To Blame Researchers have found the naturally occurring mineral can speed up the production of lead dioxide under certain circumstances Manganese is not a particularly toxic mineral. In fact, people need a little in their diets to remain healthy. Research at Washington University in St. Louis has shown however, that in conjunction with certain other chemicals, naturally occurring manganese can lead to big changes in the water in lead pipes. Depending on what disinfectants are used in the water, those changes can have significant — even dangerous — consequences. The results were recently published in Environmental Science and Technology. The research focuses on a unique form of lead, PbO2 or lead dioxide (lead in the plus-4 oxidation state). Lead dioxide has a very low water solubility — it does not easily dissolve in water alone. It is also uncommon in nature, unlike the more familiar PbCO3, the lead carbonate that makes up the scales that tend to form on pipes. “You don’t find PbO2 in the environment because there is no strong oxidizing agent,” said Daniel Giammar, the Walter E. Browne Professor of Environmental Engineering at the McKelvey School of Engineering. “But good disinfectants are often good oxidizing agents.” Chlorine is a great disinfectant, so much so that it’s used commonly in drinking water in America and across the world. It is also good oxidizing agent and promotes the transformation of lead carbonate to lead dioxide. -
Monoanionic Tin Oligomers Featuring Sn–Sn Or Sn–Pb Bonds: Synthesis and Characterization of a Tris(Triheteroarylstannyl)Stannate and -Plumbate
inorganics Communication Monoanionic Tin Oligomers Featuring Sn–Sn or Sn–Pb Bonds: Synthesis and Characterization of a Tris(Triheteroarylstannyl)Stannate and -Plumbate Kornelia Zeckert Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected]; Tel.: +49-341-9736-130 Academic Editor: Axel Klein Received: 20 May 2016; Accepted: 14 June 2016; Published: 20 June 2016 6OtBu 6OtBu Abstract: The reaction of the lithium tris(2-pyridyl)stannate [LiSn(2-py )3] (py = C5H3N-6-OtBu), 6OtBu 1, with the element(II) amides E{N(SiMe3)2}2 (E = Sn, Pb) afforded complexes [LiE{Sn(2-py )3}3] for E = Sn (2) and E = Pb (3), which reveal three Sn–E bonds each. Compounds 2 and 3 have been characterized by solution NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic studies. Large 1J(119Sn–119/117Sn) as well as 1J(207Pb–119/117Sn) coupling constants confirm their structural integrity in solution. However, contrary to 2, complex 3 slowly disintegrates in solution to give elemental lead 6OtBu and the hexaheteroarylditin [Sn(2-py )3]2 (4). Keywords: tin; lead; catenation; pyridyl ligands 1. Introduction The synthesis and characterization of catenated heavier group 14 element compounds have attracted attention in recent years [1–5]. However, contrary to silicon and germanium, there are limitations for tin and lead associated with the significant decrease in element–element bond energy. Hence, homonuclear as well as heteronuclear molecules with E–E bonds become less stable when E represents tin and or lead. Moreover, within this class of compounds, discrete branched oligomers with more than one E–E bond are rare compared with their linear analogs [6–10]. -
Potentially Explosive Chemicals*
Potentially Explosive Chemicals* Chemical Name CAS # Not 1,1’-Diazoaminonaphthalene Assigned 1,1-Dinitroethane 000600-40-8 1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate 006659-60-5 1,2-Diazidoethane 000629-13-0 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 000602-96-0 1,3-Diazopropane 005239-06-5 Not 1,3-Dinitro-4,5-dinitrosobenzene Assigned Not 1,3-dinitro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin Assigned Not 1,4-Dinitro-1,1,4,4-tetramethylolbutanetetranitrate Assigned Not 1,7-Octadiene-3,5-Diyne-1,8-Dimethoxy-9-Octadecynoic acid Assigned 1,8 –dihydroxy 2,4,5,7-tetranitroanthraquinone 000517-92-0 Not 1,9-Dinitroxy pentamethylene-2,4,6,8-tetramine Assigned 1-Bromo-3-nitrobenzene 000585-79-5 Not 2,2',4,4',6,6'-Hexanitro-3,3'-dihydroxyazobenzene Assigned 2,2-di-(4,4,-di-tert-butylperoxycyclohexyl)propane 001705-60-8 2,2-Dinitrostilbene 006275-02-1 2,3,4,6- tetranitrophenol 000641-16-7 Not 2,3,4,6-tetranitrophenyl methyl nitramine Assigned Not 2,3,4,6-tetranitrophenyl nitramine Assigned Not 2,3,5,6- tetranitroso nitrobenzene Assigned Not 2,3,5,6- tetranitroso-1,4-dinitrobenzene Assigned 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazo benzene 029306-57-8 Not 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-diazabenzene Assigned Not 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl trimethylol methyl nitramine trinitrate Assigned Not 2,4,6-Trinitroso-3-methyl nitraminoanisole Assigned 2,4-Dinitro-1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene 000608-50-4 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine 000119-26-6 2,4-Dinitroresorcinol 000519-44-8 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diydroperoxy hexane 2-Nitro-2-methylpropanol nitrate 024884-69-3 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid 000609-99-4 Not 3-Azido-1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate -
Tetraethyllead Is a Deadly Toxic Chemical Substance Giving Rise to Severe Psychotic Manifestations. for Its Excellent Properties
Industrial Health, 1986, 24, 139-150. Determination of Triethyllead, Diethyllead and Inorganic Lead in Urine by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Fumio ARAI Department of Public Health St. Marianna University School of Medicine 2095 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 213, Japan (Received March 10, 1986 and in revised form May 21, 1986) Abstract : A method was developed for the sequential extraction of tetraethyllead (Et4Pb), triethyllead (Et3Pb+), diethyllead (Et2Pb2+) and inorganic lead (Pb2+) from one urine sample with methyl isobutyl ketone and the subsequent sequential determination of the respective species of lead by flame and flameless atomic ab- sorption spectrometry. When 40 ml of a urine sample to which 2 ƒÊg of Pb of each of Et4Pb, Et3Pb+, Et2Pb2+ or Pb2+ had been experimentally added was assayed for the respective species of lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, ten repetitions of the assay gave a mean recovery rate of 98% for each of Et4Pb, Et3Pb+, and Et2Pb2+, and 99% for Pb2+, with a coefficient of variation of 2.0% for Et4Pb, 0.7% for Et3Pb+ and Pb2+, 2.6% for Et2Pb2+, and a detection limit of 4 ƒÊg of Pb/L for Et4Pb, 3 ƒÊg of Pb/L for Et3Pb+, and 5 ƒÊg of Pb/L for each of Et2Pb2+ and Pb2+. Examination of urine samples from a patient with tetraethyllead poisoning 22 days after exposure to the lead revealed that the total lead output was made up of about 51% Pb2+, about 43% Et2Pb2+, and about 6% Et3Pb+ but no Et4Pb. Ad- ministration of calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Ca-EDTA) was followed by no increased urinary excretion of Et3Pb+ or Et2Pb2+. -
Addition Reactions and Photoisomerization of Cis,Trans-1,5-Cyclodecadiene
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1970 Addition Reactions and Photoisomerization of Cis,trans-1,5-Cyclodecadiene. Hsin-hsiong Hsieh Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Hsieh, Hsin-hsiong, "Addition Reactions and Photoisomerization of Cis,trans-1,5-Cyclodecadiene." (1970). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1859. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1859 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 71-6579 HSIEH, Hsin-Hsiong, 1936- ADDITION REACTIONS AND PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF CIS,TRANS-1,5-CYCLODECADIENE. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1970 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ADDITION REACTIONS AND PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF CIS,TRANS-1,5“CYCLODECADIENE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Chemistry by Hsin-Hsiong Hsieh B.S., Taiwan Provincial Chung-Hsing University, i960 M.S., Louisiana State University, -
AP-42, CH 12.16: Lead Oxide and Pigment Production
12.16 Lead Oxide And Pigment Production 12.16.1 General1-2,7 Lead oxide is a general term and can be either lead monoxide or "litharge" (PbO); lead tetroxide or "red lead" (Pb3O4); or black or "gray" oxide which is a mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead. Black lead is made for specific use in the manufacture of lead acid storage batteries. Because of the size of the lead acid battery industry, lead monoxide is the most important commercial compound of lead, based on volume. Total oxide production in 1989 was 57,984 megagrams (64,000 tons). Litharge is used primarily in the manufacture of various ceramic products. Because of its electrical and electronic properties, litharge is also used in capacitors, Vidicon® tubes, and electrophotographic plates, as well as in ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials. It is also used as an activator in rubber, a curing agent in elastomers, a sulfur removal agent in the production of thioles and in oil refining, and an oxidation catalyst in several organic chemical processes. It also has important markets in the production of many lead chemicals, dry colors, soaps (i. e., lead stearate), and driers for paint. Another important use of litharge is the production of lead salts, particularly those used as stabilizers for plastics, notably polyvinyl chloride materials. The major lead pigment is red lead (Pb3O4), which is used principally in ferrous metal protective paints. Other lead pigments include white lead and lead chromates. There are several commercial varieties of white lead including leaded zinc oxide, basic carbonate white lead, basic sulfate white lead, and basic lead silicates. -
Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride