Public Disclosure Authorized Ministry of Education Republic of Maldives Public Disclosure Authorized Maldives Enhancing Education Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Assessment and Management Framework March 2013 Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by the Ministry of Education Environmental and Social Consultant to the team - Ms. Maureen Hameed TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... i ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................................... iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (DIVEHI) .................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Description ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2.1 Component One: National Level Education Development ................................................... 2 1.2.2 Component Two: School Level Education Development ..................................................... 4 1.3 Purpose of the Report .................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Presentation of the Report ............................................................................................................. 6 2. ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS .......................................................... 8 2.1 Environmental and Social Status of Maldives and Selected Islands ............................................. 8 2.1.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Biological Environment ...................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 Socio-Economic Profile ...................................................................................................... 17 2.2 School-Specific Site Details........................................................................................................ 18 2.2.1 Site Identification ................................................................................................................ 18 2.2.2 Site Locations ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.3 Chronology of Sites ............................................................................................................ 18 2.2.4 Site Features ........................................................................................................................ 19 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ............................................. 37 3.1 Potential Environmental Impacts ................................................................................................ 37 3.1.1 Pre-Construction and Construction Stages.......................................................................... 37 3.1.2 Operations and Maintenance Stage ..................................................................................... 39 3.2 Potential Social Impacts .............................................................................................................. 39 3.2.1 Positive Social Impacts ....................................................................................................... 39 3.2.2 Negative Social Impacts ...................................................................................................... 40 4. ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS POLICIES & LEGISLATIONS ....................... 41 i 4.1 Government of Maldives Environmental and Social Policies and Legislations and Their Applicability ........................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1.1 Environment Protection and Preservation Act (Law No. 4/93) .......................................... 41 4.1.2 The Regulation on Environmental Liabilities (Regulation No. 2011/R-9) ......................... 42 4.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, 2007......................................................... 42 4.1.4 By‐law ‐ Cutting Down, Uprooting, Digging Out and Export of Trees and Palms from one island to another (Regulation No. 493) .............................................................................................. 42 4.1.5 Regulation on Mining Coral, Sand and Coral Aggregate ................................................... 43 4.1.6 Maldives Building Act (Draft 2010) and Building Code (2008) ........................................ 43 4.1.7 Landuse Planning and Management and Traditional rights to Land .................................. 43 4.2 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies and Guidelines and Their Applicability ........................................................................................................................................... 44 4.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment ............................................................................. 44 4.2.2 Social Safeguards ................................................................................................................ 45 4.2.3 Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines ....................................................................... 45 5. FINDINGS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ......................................................................... 47 5.1 Conditions of Existing School Facilities ..................................................................................... 47 5.2 Proposed Extension Work ........................................................................................................... 48 5.3 Impacts from Construction Work ............................................................................................... 48 5.4 Source of Construction Material and Labour Force .................................................................... 49 5.5 Project Implementation, Building Construction Quality and Contractor Supervision ................ 50 5.6 Aspirations Regarding the School Once Developed ................................................................... 51 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES ............................... 53 6.1 Generic Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 53 6.2 Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plans ...................................................... 55 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ....................................... 56 7.1 Environmental and Social Screening and Consultations ............................................................ 56 7.2 Preparation, Approval and Disclosure of Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plans 57 7.3 Implementation of Environmental and Social Management Plans ............................................. 57 7.4 Monitoring and Reporting on Implementation Progress ............................................................. 59 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................ 60 Appendix A. Socio-Economic Statistics ................................................................................................. 61 Appendix B. Site Locations .................................................................................................................... 73 ii APPENDIX C. Site Features .................................................................................................................. 81 APPENDIX D: List of Stakeholders Consulted ................................................................................... 106 APPENDIX E: Guidelines for Sanitation facilities, Wells, Laboratories and Asbestos Use ............... 109 E1. Guidelines for Construction of Sanitation Facilities ............................................................. 109 E2. Guidelines for Construction of Dug/Tube Wells .................................................................. 112 E3. Guidelines for Laboratories .................................................................................................. 114 E4. Guidelines on Asbestos Use in Construction ........................................................................ 116 APPENDIX F. Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plans ....................................... 120 F1. Muhiyiddin School, K. Villingili - Environmental and Social Management Plan ..................... 121 F2. Lhaviyani Atholhu Madharusa, Lh. Kurendhoo - Environmental and Social Management Plan .......................................................................................................................................................... 128 F3. Meynaa School, N. Holhudhoo