Arbol de guanacaste

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You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work from remix – to adapt the work to the following conditions: attribution – You must give the appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if any changes have been made. You can do this in any reasonable way, but not in any way that suggests that you approve or use you. share in the same way – If you remix, transform, or build on the material, you must distribute contributions under the same license or compatible as the original. CC BY-SA 2.5 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 true You can select the license you want. Click a date/time to see the file as it appeared at that time. Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment current21:03, February 4, 20072,941 × 1,921 (3.02 MB)Smial (speak and contribute) Reworked version of de:Image:Arbol_de_Guanacaste-1.JPG from - Original-Description: ---- Beschreibung Description: Arbol de Guanacaste in Costa Rica wo You cannot overwrite this file. There are no pages that use this file. The following other wikis use this file: This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata that may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has changed from its original state, some details, such as the timestamp, may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the watch in the camera and could be completely wrong. Earpod Tree redirects here. For Pacara's, see Pacara Earshad. For the wattle, see Wattle Earpod. Parota redirects here. For other uses, see Parota (disambiguation). Specimen in El Canchol, Jalisco Guanacaste (Costa Rica) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (uninked): Angiosperms (not classification): (not classification): Order: Family: Fabacea Genus: Enterolobium Species: E. cyclocarpum Binomial name Enterolobium cyclocarpum(Jacq.) Mr Griseb. Different synonyms, see Text Elephant-ear seedpod shape. Enterolobium cyclocarpum, commonly known as guanacaste, dear dear, monkey ear tree or elephant-ear tree, is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, , which is native to the tropical regions of the Americas, from central Mexico in the south to northern Brazil (Roraima) and Venezuela. It is known for its large proportions, its large, often spherical crown, and its curiously shaped semipods. The abundance of this tree, especially in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, where it is appreciated for the shaded relief it provides from the intense sun, coupled with its immensity, have made a widely recognized species. It is the national tree of Costa Rica. North America is often called elephant ear tree, due to the shape of semipods. Other common names include the devil's ear and ear shaft, parota and orrojàn (Spanish) or huanacaxtle (Nahuatl). In El Salvador, he is known as a conacaste. [2] On the Yucatan Peninsula, it is known as the Maya, pich. In Panama he is known as a corot. Description[3] The guanacaste is a medium and large tree, growing up to 25-35 m in height, with a trunk up to 3.5 m in diameter. Unusual in a tree of this proportion, the distressals are completely deficient. The bark is light gray, with prominent vertical cracks in dark red-brown. In young trees these cracks are closer together. and their confluence gives a characteristic reddish hue to the bark of guanacaste saplings. Older specimens often have broken bark, or scarred. The crown is wide and widely spread. The height at which branches first occur along the trunk – as well as the overall shape of the tree – vary greatly between individuals and are habitat- dependent features. Often, guanacaste trees grow as individual specimens in a sunny pasture. Under these conditions, massive, extensive, extensive, the limbs emerge low on the bolines, forming giant, hemispherical, widely diffused crowns. In the forest (where competition for light is intense) trees tend to become taller, and branching occurs at a higher level. The shapes of the trees thus become a little narrower, although the crowns are still rounded, and the hemispherical forms are maintained by those that have reached the canopy. The alternating leaves are composed bipinnate, 15-40 cm long and 17 cm wide with a petiole of 2-6 cm with 4-15 pairs of fins, each fin with leaflets from 40 to 70; the leaflets are thin oblong, 8-15 mm long by 2-4 mm wide. Near its base, the twiggy petiole lays bare a small raised oval gland. The leaves are confined to the outer shell of the crown, but are abundant enough to make them moderately dense and green. Guanacaste is evergreen, or briefly deciduous for 1-2 months during the dry season. Most of the foliage is poured in December, at the beginning of the dry season. At the end of February, a surge in growth is underway that will restore a fresh and thick crown by April. In conjunction with the renewal of the leaves is the appearance of globular inflowers (3 cm) in the axes of the new leaves. Supported by a long pedestal (4 cm), each spherical white head – consisting of about fifty individual – sports thousands of thin and filamentous stamens as its main feature. The flowers themselves each consist of about twenty stamens and a single pistil, tied together with the base by a short, green, tubular corolla and an even shorter calyx, only 5 mm long. Guanacaste flowers are very fragrant, and during periods of intense flowering their smell permeates the air for many meters in all directions. In Manuel Antonio National Park near Quepos, Costa Rica, flowering lasts from late February to early April. Surprisingly, no noticeable fruit activity immediately follows the decline of the . Rather, nine or ten months pass before small green pods first appear high in the crown by December. They reach the maximum size by February and finally begin to ripen in March - a whole year after flowering has ceased. Fruit ripening lasts from March to April, while green pods turn brown in the guanacaste crown and are slowly poured. Vigorous trees will produce large crops on an almost annual basis. In June, guanacaste seedlings can already be seen, germinating in the wet soil of the first rainy season. Guanacaste fruits are large (7-12 cm in diameter), shiny and spiral dark brown indehiscent pods, shaped like orbicular discs. Their shape the usual fruit of Mimosoideae – a long, narrow, flattened pod – taken and wrapped around an axis perpendicular to its floor. Made of thick soft tissues with a feeling of leathery, the pods contain 8-20 radially arranged seeds, 14.5–17.5 mm long, 7.8–11.2 mm wide and 6.2–7.2 mm thick and weighing about 1 g. Guanacaste seeds are brown and with a conspicuous light brown or orange ring. They are very hard, similar to small stones rather than tree seeds in their strength and durability. For to occur, the coat of hard seeds must be broken to allow water to reach the embryo. Otherwise, the seeds will be dormant indefinitely. Ardillo ( arborea) and iguano (Dilodendron costaricense) have similar bipinnate leaves with extra-fine leaflets. Although of equally impressive stature, these two trees can be easily distinguished from the guanacaste: the ardillo has brown brown brown, heavily wrinkled and rough - nothing like the unmistakably gray and vertically mottled bark of the guanacaste. The leaflets of the iguano are serrated (an unusual feature in a bipinnate tree), while those of the guanacaste are whole. Ecology Branches and foliage of a young enterolobium cyclecarpum, about 3 years old, in Naiguata, Venezuela, guanacaste trees seem to delay the onset of fruit development - about nine months - so that the ripening of the seeds will coincide with the onset of the rainy season. This adaptive behavior is presumably an adaptation to give germination seedlings as much time as possible to establish root systems before the start of the next dry season. Both jatobà (Hymenaea courbaril) and cenizaro (Albizia saman) show similar reproductive strategies. Of course, guanacaste trees, like all deciduous and semi-deciduous species in this part of the world, share the benefits that water retain from the lack of leaves of the dry season. Guanacaste flowers are strongly visited by bees, insects that are probably also responsible for pollination. Guanacaste seed pods, however, are completely ignored by native wildlife and accumulate on the forest floor under their parents' trees. The seeds are not eaten by any currently native animal where the tree occurs,[4] making the an evolutionary anachronism: it has been suggested that guanacaste pods were among the foods exploited by some species of Pleistocene megafauna that became extinct about 10,000 years ago (e.g. giant sloths, giant bison). [5] In this scenario, the tree remains today without an effective seed dispersion vector in addition to humans. As discussed above, hard-coated guanacaste seeds do not begin to grow unless their protective covers are drilled in some way. This can be an adaptation designed to prevent seeds from germinating while still in pods at the beginning of the rainy season, and most likely still under the parent tree after falling from its crown. With more time to find them, the of terrestrial sloths (and other extinct mammals) could eat pods and transport the seeds to a new site. Chewing and digestion of the resulting fruits would induce abrasion of the seed coat, which would help seed germination. Nowadays this role of chewing and dispersion has been resumed mainly mainly and livestock. An insect insect, common to Guanacaste trees in the Costa Rica Central Valley, produces spherical green galls 1.5 cm in diameter on new shoots in February and March. A similar parasitism seems to occur on guanacaste trees of the humid and southwestern plains (around Palmar Sur). [7] Growing and using an aoles lizard that climbs a guanacaste seedling grown in South Florida Guanacaste is among the most majestic and aesthetically pleasing of tree species in its native range. [quote required] Tolerant of a wide range of precipitation levels, temperatures and soil conditions, they can thrive in most low elevation tropical habitats. Guanacaste trees are highly prized as ornaments, and the shade they provide creates many oases on the scorching, sun-cooked plains in its Pacific slope habitat. It is widely cultivated as a shade tree to house coffee plantations and for shade and fodder for livestock; it also improves soil fertility by nitrogen fixation. The guanacaste is located in the USDA 10-12 growth zones. The wood is reddish-brown, light (density 0.34–0.6 g/cm3) and water resistant; it is used to make objects such as doors, windows, furniture, cabinets and for shipbuilding. [9] It is considered a relatively sustainable resource for wooden furniture and design projects, largely due to the tree's ability to quickly reach large sizes, which also makes it easier to find large natural cuts of up to several meters, which is rare for other slower-growing woods, such as oaks or cedar. The city of La Cruz de Huanacaxtle in Nayarit, Mexico derives its name from the fact that a cross was standing there made of guanacaste wood. While seed pods are still green, they are harvested and the seeds eaten boiled in Mexico. [8] Healthy guanacaste trees generate huge, almost annual seed crops. Attractive seeds are used in Costa Rica to make jewelry. In some parts of Panama ripe seeds are heated in a fire until they burst like pop-corn. These seeds demonstrate germination rates of almost 100%. Guanacaste seedlings grow rapidly, often reaching over a meter in height in their first year of life. These aggressive reproductive characteristics could be beneficially exploited in afforestation projects; on the other hand, the plant is considered an invasive species in some places. Its roots are strong, and those of large trees can damage nearby structures. Guanacaste is commonly used to feed all types of livestock: its foliage as well as its fruits and seeds are tasted by cattle, pigs, goats, sheep and horses. It is believed that provide medical benefits. In Mexican folk medicine, sap is designed to help diseases such as influenza and bronchitis, while the astringent properties of its green fruit is used for diarrhea. Fruit and bark also contain tannins, which are useful for skin care and the production of soap, soap, the sap can be used as a natural adhesive or as a substitute for glue, or chewed as a type of rubber. Synonyms Heritage Tree, Ear-pod tree (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) Guanacaste has in the past been referred to by the following junior synonyms:[14] Albizia longipes Britton & Killip Enterolobium cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Mr Griseb. (lapsus) Feuilleea cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Kuntze Inga cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Willd. Not to be confused with Inga cyclocarpa Ducke Mimosa cyclocarpa Jacq. Mimosa parota Sessé & Moc. Cyclocarpum Pithecellobium (Jacq.) Mart. Prosopis dubia Kunth Footnotes - USDA (1994), Niembro Rocas (2002) - Witsberger et al. (1982) - Niembro Rocas (2002), Harmon (2008), PIER (2008) - Harmon (2008) - Janzen & Martin (1982) - Enterolobium cyclocarpum. eol.org. Recovered August 16, 2016. Allen (1956) - b Niembro Rocas (2002) - Allen (1956), Niembro Rocas (2002) - Why parota wood? Faq and quality of parota wood PAROTAS - Parota Wood Furniture - Mexico - Export. PAROTAS - Parota Wood Furniture - Mexico - Export. 2017-04-04. Recovered 2018-06-01. PIER (2008) - Heuzé V., Thiollet H., Tran G., Boval M., Lebas F., 2018. Guanacaste (Ciclocarpum Enterolobium). Feedipedia, a program of INRA, CIRAD, AF and FAO. - Guanacaste Tree Mexico's role model for sustainable wood design. PAROTAS - Parota Wood Furniture - Mexico - Export. 2017-04-08. Recovered 2018-06-01. ILDIS (2005) Wikimedia Commons references has media related to the Enterolobium cyclocarpum. Allen, P.H. (1956): The rainforests of the Dulce Gulf. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida. Harmon, Patrick (2008): Trees of Costa Rica's Pacific Slope – Ciclocarpum Enterolobium (Jacq.) Mr Griseb. Recovered 2008-MAR-31. International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Cyclocarpum of Albizia. Version 10.01, November 2005. Recovered 2008-MAR-31. Janzen, D.H. & Martin, P.S. (1982): Neotropical anachronisms: The fruits that gomphotheres ate. Science 215(4528): 19-27. doi:10.1126/science.215.4528.19 PMID 17790450 HTML fulltext Niembro Rocas, An'bal (2002): Ciclocarpum Enterolobium (Jacq.) Mr Griseb. In: Vozzo, J.A. (ed.): Tropical Tree Seed Manual: 449-451. Agricultural manual 721. USDA Forest Service, Washington DC. PDF fulltext Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2008): Enterolobium cyclocarpum. Version 2008-JAN-06. Recovered 2008-MAR-31. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (1994): Germplasm Resources Information Network – Ciclocarpum Enterolobium. 1994-AUG-23 version. Recovered 2008-MAR-31. Witsberger, D.; Current, D. & Archer, E. (1982): Arboles del Parque Deininger. Ministerio de Educacion, El Salvador. Recovered from

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