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Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Mimosoideae (Fabaceae)

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Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Mimosoideae (Fabaceae) 2 8 1:4 1 . n'~ll I• 0 I~ ~ ~ = -- m I~ 2.2 I~ 113.6 I~ lIo:'1J1 :E I~ 1.1 .........::~ -- 111111.8 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 United States :.:e;'. ~ ~ .Department of \ Agriculture , Fruits and Seeds " Agricultural Research Service of G,enerain the Technical Bulletin Number 1681 Subfamily Mimosoideae (Fabaceae) ,,;,: ';. ~.. , .;.~;' ," .. ~. , ... .} ~ - l' I'<~'.: . ~ •-iT t .. , Abstract Gunn, Charles R. 1984. Fruits and seeds of genera in An updated explanation and discussion of fruit and the subfamily Mimosoideae (Fabaceae). U.S. Depart­ seed characters precede the generic descriptions. The in­ ment of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 1681, 194 pp. formation on fruit characters extends and corrects that presently in the literature. Nearly all descriptive data on Technical identification of fruits and seds of the eco­ seeds are new. nomically important legume plant family (Fabaceae or , Leguminosae) is often required of U.S. Department of The lens, a seed topographic feature adjacent to the hi­ Agriculture personnel and other agricultural scienti.sts. lum, previously thought to be diagnostic of the faboid This bulletin provides relevant information on the legumes, occurs also among the mimosoids. The pres­ mimosoid legumes. New data presented also increase ence or absence of endosperm; previously misunder­ our knowledge of relationships of concern in germplasm stood, is documented; numerous r•• imosoid legumes search. have endosperm. An unrecorded character relating to the positional relationship of the cotyledons and the Data are derived from extensive sampling of the species embryonic axis has been found useful in the generic of all 64 genera of mimosoid leg!lmes. Three keys pro­ identification ·of seeds. vide for (1) the differentiation of mimosoid from other legume seeds, (2) the identification of mimosoid genera KEYWORDS: Antiraphe, areola, aril, artiCi.!, Caesalpi­ based on fruit and seed characters, and (3) the identifi­ nioideae, chalaza, cotyledon, cuticle, dehiscence, em­ cation of mimosoid genera based on seeds alone. bryo, embryonic axis, endocarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, eye,Fabaceae, Faboideae, fracture line, fruit, funiculus, gynophore, halo, hilar groove, hilar groove lips, hilum, hypocotyl, interactive computer, legume, Leguminosae, lens, mesocarp, micropyle, Mimosoideae, pleurogram, plumule, radicle, radicle lobe, raphe, rep­ lum, rim-arii, seed, spermoderm, stipe, suture, testa, valve, wing. United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds Agricultural of Genera in the Research Service Subfamily Mimosoideae Technical Bulletin Number1681 (Fabaceae) By Charles R. Gunn Acknowledgments r express my appreciation to the following associates Pires Morim de Lima, Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janier, and correspondents who supplied fruits, seeds, or in­ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Alicia Lourteig, Laboratoire formation: Rupert C. Barneby, New York Botanical de Phanerogamie, Museum Natior:al d'Histoire Natu­ Garden. Bronx; Frank A. Bisby, Biology Department, relle, Paris, France; Bruce R. Maslin, Western Austra­ The University, Southampton, England; Gilbert Bocquet, lia.n Herbarium, South Perth, Australia; Ivan Nielsen, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva, Switzerland; Herbarium, Botanical Institute, Risskov, Denmark; Les W. C. Burger, Department of Botany, Field Museum Pedley, Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane, Australia; of Natural History, Chicago, Ill.; J. F. M. Cannon, Magdalena Pena, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Herbarium, British Museum (Natural History), London, Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico, Mexico City; Roger M. England; Pan Chih-kang, Arboretum of the Chinese Polhill, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; Peter H. Academy of Forestry, Bejing, China; R. S. Cowan, De­ Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo.; partment of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washing­ Thekla Reichstein, Botanic Garden, Adelaide, Australia; ton, D.C.; B. de Winter, National Herbarium, Botanical Bernice Schubert, Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Hartmut Cambridge, Mass.; and J. E. Vidal, Laboratoire de Ern, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Phanerogamie, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelie, Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin, Germany; Robert Geesink, Paris, France. Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands; Philippe Guinet, Laboratoire de Palynologie, Universite des Sciences et I also express my appreciation to Lynda E. Chandler, Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier, France; Walter who designed and assembled the illustrations and drew Hando, Department of Botany, University of Sao some of the fruits and seeds. She prepared seed samples Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; I. C. Hedge, Royal Botanic for photography and scanning electron microscopy and Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland; Peter Hiepko, Bo­ printed photographs from light photography and scan­ tanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin­ ning electron microscopy. She also operated the scanning Dahlf'm, Berlin, Germany; Helen C. Hopkins, New electron microscope (SEM). Lisa M. Bell of Suitland, York Botanical Garden, Bronx; J. H. Hunziker, De­ Md., and Peter Alsberg, formerly of the Department of partmento de Ciencia~ Biol6gicas, Universidad de Housing and Applied Design, University of Maryland, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Duane Isely, did some of the fruit and seed drawings and assisted in Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames; preparing and printing the photographs and in operating John M. Kingsolver, Systematic Entomology Laboratory the SEM. (USDA), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; F. Krendl, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria; James A. Lackey, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hyattsville, Md.; M. Leppard, National Herbarium and National Botanic Garden, Salisbury, Zimbabwe; Nels Lersten, Depart­ ment of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames; O. P. Lewis, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; Marli iii Contents Poge Page Procedures---------------------------------- 2 Fruit and seed key to genera of subfamily Fruit morphology---------------------------- 4 Mimosoideae ------------------------------ 19 Fruit ----------------------.------------- 4 Seed key to three subfamilies of Fabaceae-------- 25 Valves---------------------------------- 6 Seed key to genera of subfamily Epicarp --------------------------------- 6 Mimosoideae ------------------------------ 26 M esocarp ------------------------------- 7 Synopses of fruit and seed characters------------- 30 Endocarp ------------------------------- 7 Parkieae (1.01-1.02)---------------------- 30 Seed number and position in fruit----------- 7 Mimozygantheae (2.01)------------------- 34 Funiculus and ariI------------------------ 7 Mimoseae (3.01-3.37)--------------------- 36 Seed morphology---------------------------- 8 Acacieae (4.01-4.02)---------------------- 122 Seed------------------------------------ 10 Ingeae (5.01-5.20, unassigned genus and Testa----------------------------------- 12 species) ------------------------------- 130 Pleurogram ------------------------- 14 Literature cited------------------------------ 186 Fracture lines------------------------ 14 Scientific name index------------------------- 190 Wing -----------------------------.-- 16 Aril-------------------------------- 16 Hilum ---------------------------------- 16 Lens------------------------------------ 17 Endosperm------------------------------ 17 Cotyledons ------------------------------ 18 Embryonic axis-------------------------- 18 PI u mule -------------------------------- 18 Trade names are used in this pUblication solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee or war­ ranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agri­ culture or an endorsement by the Department over other products not mentioned. Copies of this publication may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 POrt Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161. ARS has no additional copies for free distribution. Issued December 1984 v Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamiiy Mimosoideae (Fabaceae) by Charles R. Gunn' The Fabaceae (Leguminosae of authors including Isely The purpose of this bulletin is threefold: (I) Expand and Polhill, 1980)2 traditionally is divided into three the morphological data ba~e of Polhill and Raven by subfamilies: Mimosoideae, Caesalpinioideae, and Fa­ presenting for the i'irst time a comprehensive overview boideae (Faboideae is Papilionoideae in Polhill et aI., of mimosoid fruit-seed characters, (2) include keys, il­ 1981). The family comprises 650 genera, has 18,000 lustrations, and descriptions for accurate and rapid species, and is the largest flowering plant family after idt>ntification to genus of either isolated fruits and the Asteraceae and Orchidaceae. However, only the seeds or herbarium specimens bearing fruits and seeds Poaceae rivals the Fabaceae in agricultural importance. but not flowers, and (3) provide accurate fruit and seed The past, present, and future value of the Fabaceae data for phylogenetic considerations. (the legume family) has been documented recently by Duke (1981), Isely (1982), the National Academy of In addition to the pertinent chapters in Pol hill and Ra­ Scien<:es (1979), Skerman (1977), and Summerfield and ven (1981) and the generic studies cited elsewhere, the Bunting (1980). following references, usually of regional floras, were consulted: Aubn!ville (1959), Bentham (1842), Brenan Elias (1981), in an
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