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World Bank Document 35255 v. 2 Public Disclosure Authorized CCAD DGIS THE WORLD BANK . CENTRAL AMERICAN ECOSYSTEMS MAP ECOSYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS Alain Meyrat Daan Vreugdenhil Jan Meerman Luis Diego Gómez Public Disclosure Authorized Douglas J. Graham 2002 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Financed under the Partnership Agreement between The World Bank and the Government of the Netherlands Collaborating institutions: National environmental institutions, ngo’s and biological departments of universities of all CCAD member countries; The World Bank; The Netherlands Ministry of Development Cooperation; UNDP regional office; CCAD/NASA project; USAID/PROARCA/CAPAS, CCAD/NASA SCIENTIFIC TEAM CIENTIFICOS INTERNACIONALES PRINCIPALES Ir. Daan Vreugdenhil: project coordinator, Dr. Susan Felicity Iremonger, vegetation ecologist WICE scientist WCMC Douglas J. Graham, MSc., task manager WB, Dr. Douglas Muchoney: GIS scientist Bostorn ornithologist University Luis Diego Gómez, vegetation scientist OTS Alain Meyrat, MSc., ecologist WICE Ir. Jan Meerman, ecologist WICE CIENTIFICOS NACIONALES PRINCIPALES BELIZE HONDURAS Ir. Jan Meerman, ecologist WICE Thelma M.Mejia M Sc, botanist Wilber Sabido, GIS specialist, Programme for Ing. Cristobal Vasques, forester, GIS specialist Belize Dr. Susan Felicity Iremonger, vegetation Dr. Paul Raymond House, botanist scientist WCMC Dr. Susan Felicity Iremonger, vegetation scientist WCMC COSTA RICA NICARAGUA Luis Diego Gómez, MSc., vegetation scientist Alain Meyrat, MSc., ecologist WICE OTS Wilberth Herrera, geografer-climatologist Dr. Alfredo Grijalva, botanist Guatemala Ir. Rob Beck: GIS scientist/vegetation scientist Prof. Dr. Cesar Castaneda, botanist Ir. Daan Vreugdenhil: vegetation scientist Prof. Dr. Castillo Mont, botanist Maurice Carignan, MSc.: GIS/remote sensing specialist EL SALVADOR PANAMA Prof. Dr. Nohemy Ventura, botanist Dr. Mireya D. Correa, botanist Ing. Raul F. Villacorta, botanist Prof. Dr. Luis Carrasquillo, botanist Ir. Peter Sloot: GIS scientist/soil scientist Martín, botanist María Stapf, botanist Valery Kapos, MSc.: botanist WCMC ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Central American Ecosystems Map is the culmina-tion of decades of research by ecologists from across the region, many of whom worked directly or indirectly from national university positions. Production of the map was a team effort by the biodiversity and environmental conservation institutions of the Central American countries and their coordinating institution, the Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (CCAD). The project team — under the overall coordination of Daan Vreugdenhil of the World Institute for Conservation and Environment (WICE) and Douglas J. Graham of the World Bank — is grateful for the vision and support of Mauricio Castro, Executive Director of CCAD, and Lorenzo Cardenal, Director of CCAD’s Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC) project. The Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñaza (CATIE) in Costa Rica was contracted to pre-pare a final Arcview file of the regional map based on the national map files. Table 1 in the main report pro- vides a complete list of collaborating institutions and key officials. The main participating scientists are listed on the previous page. This effort was made possible by financing from a variety of sources: The Netherlands, the Global Envi-ronment Facility (through national MBC projects imple-mented by the World Bank and a regional MBC project implemented through the UNDP), the participating countries, and the World Bank. The initiative cost roughly $2 million and was carried out between early 1999 and mid-2001. We particularly would like to recognize the encour-agement of Mark E. Cackler, John Redwood, Teresa Serra, and Arsenio Rodríguez of the World Bank, Ton van der Zon of the Directorate General for Technical Cooperation of the Netherlands, and Sjef IJzermans of the Netherlands Embassy in Washington. Words of appreciation also go to supporting staff of the World Bank, in particular to Marie-Claude Haxaire, Diana Montas, Lia van Broekhoven, and Peter Brandriss. INDEX VOLUME II TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD.......................................................................................................................................8 2. DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................................................................................................9 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, WELL-DRAINED (1) ...................................................................9 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, WELL-DRAINED ON KARSTIC HILLS (2)....................................15 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, MODERATELY DRAINED (3).....................................................18 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, MODERATELY DRAINED ON CALCAREOUS SOILS (4)................22 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, MODERATELY DRAINED ON POOR OR SANDY SOILS (5) ...........23 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED SUBMONTANE FOREST (6)......................................................................................25 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED SUBMONTANE FOREST ON KARSTIC HILLS (7) ........................................................29 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED SUBMONTANE PALM FOREST (8)............................................................................31 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWER-MONTANE FOREST (9) ...............................................................................32 TROPICAL EVERGREEN MIXED LOWER-MONTANE FOREST (10)............................................................................................39 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWER-MONTANE FOREST WITH PALMS (11).........................................................41 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED UPPER-MONTANE FOREST (12)...............................................................................42 TROPICAL EVERGREEN MIXED UPPER-MONTANE FOREST (14) .............................................................................................46 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED ALTIMONTANE FOREST (15)...................................................................................48 TROPICAL EVERGREEN MIXED ALTIMONTANE FOREST (16) .................................................................................................50 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED ALLUVIAL FOREST, OCCASIONALLY FLOODED (17) ...............................................51 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED PERMANENTLY INUNDATED LOWLAND SWAMP FOREST (20) .................................55 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND SWAMP FOREST, PERMANENTLY INUNDATED, CAMPNOSPERMA PANAMENSIS VARIANT (20-C) .............................................................................................................................................57 TROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND SWAMP FOREST WITH PALM, PERMANENTLY INUNDATED (21) .............58 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, WELL-DRAINED (22)..............................................61 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, WELL-DRAINED, ON STEEP KARSTIC HILLS (23).....66 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL MIXED LOWLAND FOREST, WELL-DRAINED (24).............................................................69 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL MIXED, WELL-DRAINED FOREST, ON CALCAREOUS SOILS (25) .......................................70 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, MODERATELY DRAINED (26) .................................71 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST ON CALCAREOUS SOILS (28) ...................................73 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL BROAD-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST DOMINATED WITH BAMBOO ON CALCAREOUS SOILS (29) .....................................................................................................................................................................................78 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL MIXED LOWLAND FOREST, MODERATELY DRAINED (30)................................................79 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL NEEDLE-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST, MODERATELY DRAINED (31)................................81 BOSQUE TROPICAL SIEMPREVERDE ESTACIONAL LATIFOLIADO DE TIERRAS BAJAS, EN SUELOS INFÉRTILES O ARENOSOS (27) ............................................................................................................................................................................................84 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL NEEDLE-LEAVED LOWLAND FOREST (32).......................................................................85 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL NEEDLE-LEAVED FOREST, WELL-DRAINED, ON STEEP KARSTIC HILLS (33).....................87 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL BROAD-LEAVED SUBMONTANE FOREST (34) ..................................................................88 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL BROAD-LEAVED SUBMONTANE FOREST ON KARSTIC HILLS (35).....................................91 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL NEEDLE-LEAVED SUBMONTANE FOREST (37).................................................................93 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL BROAD-LEAVED MONTANE FOREST (38) ........................................................................97 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL MIXED MONTANE FOREST (39) .....................................................................................101 TROPICAL EVERGREEN SEASONAL NEEDLE-LEAVED MONTANE FOREST (40) .....................................................................102
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