Laaste Hoop Regional Water Supply Scheme

CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

CAPRICORN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY POLOKWANE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY LAASTE HOOP REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

Laaste Hoop Ward 7, Laaste Hoop Ward 7A, Maboi, Manthorwane, Mogole, Quayle and Tsatsaneng

DRAFT VERSION 1.3

MAY 2011

Prepared by Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 55291 Directorate: National Water Resource Planning NORTHLANDS Private Bag X313 2116 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 11 441 1111 0001 E-mail: [email protected]

RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR LAASTE HOOP RWS REPORT NO. {1}

DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR LAASTE HOOP REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEME EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” and must be read in conjunction with this document. Location and Background Information The Laaste Hoop cluster is located at the eastern part of the Polokwane Local Municipality (PLM) and includes the settlements of Laaste Hoop Ward 7, Laaste Hoop Ward 7A, Maboi, Manthorwane, Mogole, Quayle and Tsatsaneng. The study area is essentially rural area presently served by a long bulk supply main from Ebenezer Dam. It lies in an area where low groundwater lithology occurs. There is no surface water resources located within the study area like major dams or rivers. Water Resource Availability and Requirements

The present water use requirement for the cluster was calculated as 0.493 Million m3/a, the scheme is estimated to be supplying a population of 10 638 using the estimated benchmark population base of 2007. The demographic studies show the cluster to have a declining population growth over the next 20 years. The ‘high growth’ scenario offers a picture of strongly negative growth with the population declining to 9 841 by 2030 and the ‘low growth’ scenario offers an even more negative picture with a decline to 8 950 people by 2030. Water Balance Reconciliation options The Laaste Hoop cluster appears to be in deficit against benchmark water requirements. The total combine present supply from both the groundwater and surface water of 0.197 Million m3/a is insufficient to supply the current and future requirements of the cluster, in order to supply current and future domestic requirements the Ebenezer pipeline supply to the Laaste Hoop RWS will have to be increase by 0.250 Million m3/a by year 2010, this increase will have to be revise continuously to supply a total increase of 0.295 Million m3/a by year 2030. Groundwater supply continually developed to provide the balance of the requirement. The level of utilisation, status and scientific evaluation of the existing boreholes needs to be verified.

Poor management of water supply services are experienced resulting in high losses and high water use. Water Conservation and Water Demand Management measures must be implemented both to minimise losses in distribution and to ensure that users remain within the bounds set by benchmark requirements. It is essential that all abstraction, delivery and use of water is accurately metered and monitored so that management measures can be affected.

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Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM requirements

0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40 /annum 3

Mm 0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Years Laaste Hoop RWS - Augmentation (Groundwater) Laaste Hoop RWS - Augmentation (Ebenezer) Laaste Hoop RWS (Ebenezer Dam)

Laaste Hoop RWS - Groundwater WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) Confidence level of Information available for the study area

The confidence level for the information in this study area is medium due to the low confidence in the current water use and abstraction reports. Priority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy

The Laaste Hoop RWS is considered to have a Priority 4 (High) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is currently in deficit.

The level of data supporting this estimate can be improved through the validation and confirmation of the current water use and abstraction.

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CONCLUSIONS • The present water requirements for the cluster was calculated as 0.197 Million m3/a, using the estimate base population of 2007. This requirement is projected to increase to 0.563 Million m3/a by year 2030 based on the high growth scenario. • The Laaste Hoop Cluster is supply with both the groundwater and surface water resources, the present water supplied from groundwater resources is 0.137 Million m3/a as indicated in the WSDP. The present supply from the surface water resources via the Ebenezer bulky supply main is estimated at 0.06 Million m3/a. The total combine present supply from both the groundwater and surface water of 0.197 Million m3/a is insufficient to supply the current and future requirements. • Base on the consumption analysis, the Laaste Hoop RWS is considered to have a Priority 4 (High) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is currently in deficit

STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS

• Water use requirements for domestic users are currently based on benchmark estimates. These requirements need to be balanced with the actual use. The groundwater resource needs to be upgraded over and above current capacity to meet the balance of the additional needs. • The present allocation from the Ebenezer pipeline needs to be revised to meet the additional requirements. This must be undertaken as a matter of urgency. • Groundwater should be used in all areas where distribution of surface water is too expensive. Groundwater can also be used conjunctively to supplement surface water. • Any additional demands on the Laaste Hoop RWS need to be listed and factored into the water availability scenario. • A Water Conservation and Demand Management Strategy must be developed and implemented. o A water management metering system with leakage detection and a repair programme must be implemented. Individual use must also be managed. o Illegal connections from the bulk pipeline must be routed to the reticulation pipeline and all use metered. • With accurate metering in place, annual water use must be monitored and requirements adjusted as indicated by trends in population and use.

Signature

Below is the strategy for the Laaste Hoop Regional Water Supply Scheme. It has been accepted and signed by Capricorn District Municipality, Polokwane Local Municipality, DWA Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:

Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status

Laaste Hoop Limpopo Capricorn Polokwane LM Draft 2008 cluster September

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:…………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Position:…………………...... Polokwane Position:…………………………… Capricorn LM DM Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:…………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Position:…………………………………DWA Position:………………………………DWA D: Regional Office National Water Resource Planning

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONCLUSIONS ...... I

STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... I

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Study Area ...... 1

1.2 Regional Setting ...... 1

1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 3

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 3

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 3

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 3

3.1 Present Water Requirements and Historical Water Use ...... 3

3.2 Level of Services ...... 3

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030 ...... 4

4.1 Future Water Requirements ...... 4

5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 5

5.1 Surface Water Resources ...... 5

5.1.1 Water Allocation/s ...... 5

5.1.2 Other Water Users from the Same Source ...... 5

5.1.3 Quality ...... 5

5.2 Groundwater ...... 5

5.2.1 Other Water Users from the Same Source ...... 5

5.2.2 Water Allocation/s ...... 5

5.2.3 Quality ...... 5

5.3 Water Re-use ...... 6

6 WATER REQUIREMNTS BALANCE ...... 6

6.1 Laaste Hoop cluster ...... 6

6.2 Priority to Develop a Water Supply Reconciliation Strategy for the Town ...... 8

7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 8

8 SANITATION ...... 8

8.1 Level of Services ...... 8

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 8

8.2.1 Return Flows ...... 8

8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 8

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 8

9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WC/WDM...... 8

9.2 Rain Water Harvesting ...... 9

9.3 Groundwater ...... 9

9.4 Re-use ...... 9

9.5 Surface Water ...... 9

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater ...... 9

9.7 Buy-out of Water Allocations/Rights ...... 9

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 9

10.1 Estimated Water Requirements and Water availability ...... 9

CONCLUSIONS ...... 12

STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 12

11 REFERENCES ...... 13

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Locality Map of Laaste Hoop Regional Water Supply Scheme ...... 2

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements ...... 7

Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures ..... 11 LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1 Historical water use (Million m 3/a) ...... 3

Table 3-2: Current service levels ...... 4

Table 4-1: Water requirement projections ...... 4

Table 6-1: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a) ...... 6

Table 6-2: Current abstracted, registered and available volume (Million m3/a) ...... 6

Table 8-1: Current service levels ...... 8

Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) ...... 10

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ABBREVIATIONS

AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Mm 3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water WARMS Water Use Registering and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission

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WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted

Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan

Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries

Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement

Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions

Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence

Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supply by the system

Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.

Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time

Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand

Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.

Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.

Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense

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1 INTRODUCTION

The Department of Water Affairs have initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for the towns in the Northern Region in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.

The study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.

This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study – Northern Region ”.

1.1 Study Area

The focus of this document is on the Laaste Hoop cluster which includes the settlements of Laaste Hoop Ward 7, Laaste Hoop Ward 7A, Maboi, Manthorwane, Mogole, Quayle and Tsatsaneng . The study area is essentially rural area presently served by a long bulk supply main from Ebenezer Dam. It lies in an area where low groundwater lithology occurs. There is no surface water resources located within the study area like major dams or rivers.

Laaste Hoop cluster is located at the south-central part of Polokwane Local Municipality (PLM) within the Capricorn District Municipality area. The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1. The communities in this cluster are currently supplied with water form an external surface water resources.

1.2 Regional Setting

Polokwane Local Municipality is located within the Capricorn District Municipality in the Limpopo Province. The municipal area accounts for 3% of the Province’s total surface area. It emerged from the amalgamation of various disestablished local councils and with re- demarcation process of wards. Polokwane Local Municipality is bordered by Molemole Local Municipality in the north, Greater Tzaneen Local Municipality in the east, Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality in the south, Aganang Local Municipality in the North West and Mogalakwena Local Municipality in the west.

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Figure 1-1: Locality Map of Laaste Hoop Regional Water Supply Scheme

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1.3 Economic Drivers

The largest growth sectors of services are trade and finance, whilst agriculture and manufacturing have shown a decline. Mining and related industries will continue to have positive impacts on the economy of the Province and Polokwane.

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area

The confidence level for the information in this study area is medium due to the low confidence in the current water use and abstraction reports.

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

In order to determine the most accurate base population figures for the study a number of data sets were analysed and compared at a town/grouped settlement level. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection. The demographic studies show the cluster to have a declining population growth over the next 20 years. The ‘high growth’ scenario offers a picture of strongly negative growth with the population declining to 9 841 by 2030 and the ‘low growth’ scenario offers an even more negative picture with a decline to 8 950 people by 2030, the comparison between these two scenarios is shown in Table 4-1 below. The methodology followed is explained in the separate document titled, “ Demographic Scenario Report ”.

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Present Water Requirements and Historical Water Use

The present water use requirement for the Laaste Hoop cluster was calculated as 0.493 Million m3/a, using the benchmark consumption values for the estimated base population of 2007. The historical groundwater abstraction for the study area are indicated below in Table 3-1, however the historical supply from Ebenezer Dam to Laaste Hoop RWS are not available.

Table 3-1 Historical water use (Million m3/a)

Year -Yr 1- -Yr 2- -Yr 3- -Yr 4- -Yr 5-

Laaste Hoop GWS 0.137 0.130 0.128 0.132 -

Laaste Hoop RWS - - - - -

3.2 Level of Services

Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria. The current service levels are presented in Table 3- 1.

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Table 3-2: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP None/ own Service level House Yard supply supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m) WSNIS, 2007 28% 20% 12% 9% 31%

The WSNIS level of service data was adopted in calculating the current water requirements as described in section 4.1 below. The LOH for water services is medium with 40% of households below minimum RDP water levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 .

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030

4.1 Future Water Requirements

The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1 and Figure 6-1 for Laaste Hoop cluster. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 4-1.

• Current level of service (LOS) estimates: the current level of water consumption was used to calculate the future water requirements, 189 l/cap/day for dwellings with house connections, 101 l/cap/day for dwellings with yard connections and 40 l/cap/day for the dwellings supply at or below RDP level.

• Future requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%).

Table 4-1: Water requirement projections

Water Req. (Low Water Req. (High Population (Low Population (High Growth) Million Growth) Million Year Growth) Growth) m3/a m3/a

Actual (1) 10,638 10,638 0.493 0.493

2010 10,553 10,693 0.494 0.500

2015 10,143 10,499 0.497 0.515

2020 9,684 10,233 0.527 0.557

2025 9,278 10,003 0.531 0.572

2030 8,950 9,841 0.512 0.563

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(1) Base population is provided for 2007. 5 WATER RESOURCES

5.1 Surface Water Resources

This scheme is served with a long bulk supply main from the Ebenezer main.

5.1.1 Water Allocation/s

The total allocation from Ebenezer dam is 18.530 Million m3/a for Polokwane Local Municipality (PLM), this allocation is further divided into two allocations, 8.350 Million m3/a for rural supply and 10.18 Million m3/a for the city centre.

5.1.2 Other Water Users from the Same Source

Not available.

5.1.3 Quality

Not available.

5.2 Groundwater

Groundwater potential for the study area is low. The RSIP [3] shows the present water supply as 0.143 Million m3/a and 0.022 Million m3/a increase after rehabilitation, with a total supply after rehabilitation process of 0.165 Million m3/a.

The groundwater potential is estimate 1 at 0.014 Million m3/a base on 3 boreholes equipped in the area as indicated in the water services data, but this is low confidence as the water levels are not metered. The WSDP listed 9 borehole that are currently used for groundwater supply with a licences abstraction of 0.194 Million m3/a.

5.2.1 Other Water Users from the Same Source

There are no other users listed in the WARMs data base.

5.2.2 Water Allocation/s There are no records of registered use for the study area listed from the WARMS data base, however the WSDP listed 9 boreholes that are currently registered within the study area and located at Maboi (6 boreholes), Laaste Hoop ward 7 (1 borehole)and Laaste Hoop ward 7a(2 boreholes). 5.2.3 Quality

Ground water quality varies from Class 1 to Class 3 within possibly due to poor sanitation practices.

1 The groundwater use estimate provides a low confidence indication of the groundwater available from existing wells for supply. The “Use estimate” is based on either the average yield for boreholes located in the area or a sum of pumped volumes where this data is available. The number of boreholes used in the calculation provides a range of values whereby the “minimum use” is assumed by including only selected boreholes in the calculation and the “maximum use” assumes that all the boreholes listed are available for use. Metered data is required to confirm these results.

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5.3 Water Re-use

No scope as the communities in this cluster do not utilise waterborne sewage system.

6 WATER REQUIREMNTS BALANCE

The current and future water balances for the Laaste Hoop cluster are summarised in Table 6-1 and graphically indicated in Figure 6-1.

The current abstracted and registered volumes and quality of the water provided to the Laaste Hoop cluster are summarised in Table 6-2, where the information is available.

6.1 Laaste Hoop cluster

Table 6-1: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Laaste Hoop RWS Groundwater 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137 Laaste Hoop RWS Available supply (Ebenezer Dam) 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 Total Water Supply 0.197 0.197 0.197 0.197 0.197 0.197 Water Requirements Low Growth 0.493 0.494 0.497 0.527 0.531 0.512 (no reconciliation options) High Growth 0.493 0.500 0.515 0.557 0.572 0.563 Low Growth -0.296 -0.297 -0.300 -0.330 -0.334 -0.315

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.296 -0.303 -0.318 -0.360 -0.375 -0.366

Table 6-2: Current abstracted, registered and available volume (Million m3/a)

Description Source Quantity Comment

Ebenezer Dam 18.530 Combine allocation Registered Use (Million m3/a) Local boreholes 0.194 WSDP 2008 Laaste Hoop RWS 0.06 RSIP 2006) Actual Abstraction (Ebenezer Dam) (Million m3/a) Laaste Hoop RWS 0.194 WSDP 2008 Groundwater Ebenezer Dam 1.905 WSDP 2008 Available Yield (Million m3/a) Local boreholes -

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0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

/annum 3

Mm 0.30

0.20

0.10

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Years Laaste Hoop RWS (Ebenezer Dam) Laaste Hoop RWS - Groundwater Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario)

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Figure 6-1: Future water requirements

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6.2 Priority to Develop a Water Supply Reconciliation Strategy for the Town

The Laaste Hoop RWS is considered to have a Priority 4 (High) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is currently in deficit.

The level of data supporting this estimate can be improved through the validation and confirmation of the current water use and abstraction.

7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

The study area is essentially rural area presently served by a long bulk supply main from Ebenezer Dam. The villages are with basic reticulation and standpipes.

8 SANITATION

Most of the rural villages within the cluster do not have adequate access to sanitation facilities.

8.1 Level of Services

The current level of service for Giyani system F1 cluster is indicated in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP Septic tanks, None, Flush toilet Pit latrine digester, desluger, chemical, Service level (connected to with effluent discharge bucket or pit sewerage ventilation to an oxidation latrine without system) (VIP) pond, etc ventilation Population (NIS, 2007) 41% 2% 8% 49%

The LOH for sanitation services is medium with 49% of households below minimum RDP sanitation levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 .

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW)

Not applicable.

8.2.1 Return Flows

Not applicable.

8.2.2 State of WWTW

Not applicable. 9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS 9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WC/WDM

Poor management of water supply services are experienced resulting in high losses and high water use. The present water use exceeds the supply due to excessive losses, informal connections, wastage and high consumption.

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Before introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis. A preliminary analysis of the system to assess the potential for loss reduction through the implementation of WC/WDM could not be carried out as the required information was not available. In the absence of this information, for reconciliation purposes it has been assumed that the WC/WDM will reduce water requirements by 1% per annum from 2010 to 2013 and 2% per annum from 2013 to 2018. This is presented on Figure 6-2.

9.2 Rain Water Harvesting

There is a low potential for rainfall harvesting.

9.3 Groundwater

A potential exist to further develop the groundwater use.

9.4 Re-use

Not applicable.

9.5 Surface Water

The current estimated supply from the Ebenezer pipeline to the Laaste Hoop regional water scheme will have to be revised to meet the additional requirement.

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater

Groundwater should be used in all areas where distribution of surface water is too expensive. It can also be used conjunctively to supplement surface water.

9.7 Buy-out of Water Allocations/Rights

Not applicable.

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

10.1 Estimated Water Requirements and Water availability

Water use allocation and registration is viewed as an important aspect in drawing a water balance and developing reconciliation options. Perspectives are provided with respect to the extent of used and/or unused resources where information is available and is summarised in Table 10-1 and illustrated graphically in Figure 10-1 for the Laaste Hoop cluster.

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Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Laaste Hoop RWS Groundwater 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137 Laaste Hoop RWS Available supply (Ebenezer Dam) 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 Laaste Hoop RWS (Ebenezer Dam) 0.000 0.250 0.280 0.295 0.295 0.295 Laaste Hoop RWS Augmentation Groundwater 0.000 0.060 0.080 0.080 0.090 0.090 Total Available Water 0.197 0.507 0.557 0.572 0.582 0.582 Water Requirements Low Growth 0.493 0.494 0.497 0.527 0.531 0.512 (no reconciliation options) High Growth 0.493 0.500 0.515 0.557 0.572 0.563 Low Growth 0.000 0.005 0.045 0.069 0.069 0.067 WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.005 0.046 0.072 0.074 0.073 Low Growth -0.296 0.018 0.104 0.113 0.120 0.137

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.296 0.012 0.089 0.087 0.084 0.092

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0.60

0.50

0.40

/annum

Mm 0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Years Laaste Hoop RWS - Augmentation (Groundwater) Laaste Hoop RWS - Augmentation (Ebenezer) Laaste Hoop RWS (Ebenezer Dam)

Laaste Hoop RWS - Groundwater WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario)

Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario ) Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures

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STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS

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11 REFERENCES [1] WSDP, (2008) Water Service Development Plan, Interim 2008. [2] DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Letaba River System: (2005/06) Annual Operating Analysis 2005/06. Prepared by: Semenya Furumele Consulting in association with Makgaleng Projects. Report No: PWMA 02/000/00/0406, June 2006 [3] DWAF (2004) Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Reginald Strategy Infrastructure Plan (RSIP): Capricorn District, Polokwane Local Municipality. Prepared by: BKS in association with Evan Africa Consulting Services, 2004-09-16 (Revised 2006)

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