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Phylogenetic Placement of the Enigmatic Orchid Genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from Molecular and Morphological Characters
TAXON 61 (1) • February 2012: 45–54 Xiang & al. • Phylogenetic placement of Thaia and Tangtsinia Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic orchid genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from molecular and morphological characters Xiao-Guo Xiang,1 De-Zhu Li,2 Wei-Tao Jin,1 Hai-Lang Zhou,1 Jian-Wu Li3 & Xiao-Hua Jin1 1 Herbarium & State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China 3 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan province 666303, P.R. China Author for correspondence: Xiao-Hua Jin, [email protected] Abstract The phylogenetic position of two enigmatic Asian orchid genera, Thaia and Tangtsinia, were inferred from molecular data and morphological evidence. An analysis of combined plastid data (rbcL + matK + psaB) using Bayesian and parsimony methods revealed that Thaia is a sister group to the higher epidendroids, and tribe Neottieae is polyphyletic unless Thaia is removed. Morphological evidence, such as plicate leaves and corms, the structure of the gynostemium and the micromorphol- ogy of pollinia, also indicates that Thaia should be excluded from Neottieae. Thaieae, a new tribe, is therefore tentatively established. Using Bayesian and parsimony methods, analyses of combined plastid and nuclear datasets (rbcL, matK, psaB, trnL-F, ITS, Xdh) confirmed that the monotypic genus Tangtsinia was nested within and is synonymous with the genus Cepha- lanthera, in which an apical stigma has evolved independently at least twice. -
Lamington National Park Management Plan 2011
South East Queensland Bioregion Prepared by: Planning Services Unit Department of Environment and Resource Management © State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2011 Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without the prior written permission of the Department of Environment and Resource Management. Enquiries should be addressed to Department of Environment and Resource Management, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane Qld 4001. Disclaimer This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy. This management plan has been prepared in accordance with the Nature Conservation Act 1992. This management plan does not intend to affect, diminish or extinguish native title or associated rights. Note that implementing some management strategies might need to be phased in according to resource availability. For information on protected area management plans, visit <www.derm.qld.gov.au>. If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3224 8412. This publication can be made available in alternative formats (including large print and audiotape) on request for people with a vision impairment. -
Plant of the Week – Rhizanthella Slateri
One of the World’s Rarest Orchids Rhizanthella slateri The Eastern Australian Underground Orchid The genus Rhizanthella are extremely unusual orchids, only found in Australia. They spend all their lives underground, only emerging when they flower. Even then, the flowers are usually hidden by soil or leaf litter. Consequently, they are very hard to find, are all critically endangered, and are often listed in the top 10 rarest orchids in the world. There are currently five species known. Rhizanthella gardneri and R. johnstonii are found in the south-west of Western Australia, where they occur under Broombush (Melaleuca sp.). The underground orchids from eastern Australia are even rarer; so rare that they often don’t even make it onto lists of rare orchids! Rhizanthella omissa is known from a single collection in south-eastern Queensland; and a newly described species, R. speciosa, is known from a single location in Barrington Tops National Park. Figure: Two composite flowering heads from the recently discovered Lane Cove population of Rhizanthella slateri. Note the lack of chlorophyll and the yellow pollinia within the individual flowers The final species, Rhizanthella slateri, is known from a small number of plants at a handful of locations: near Buladelah; in the Watagan Mountains; in the Blue Mountains; and near Nowra. So that makes it even more remarkable that in 2020, a new population of R. slateri was found within five kilometers of the Macquarie Campus. The new population, consisting of 14 plants, was found in local bushland by Vanessa McPherson and Michael Gillings while they were surveying for club and coral fungi. -
Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the -
Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae. -
Division, Usually Consists (Viscidium)
Acta Bolanica Neerlandica 8 (1959) 338-355 The Different Structure of the Rostellum in Ophrydeae and Neottieae P. Vermeulen (Hugo de Vries-Laboratorium, Amsterdam) (received March 25th, 1959) rostellum is forms viscid The in orchids the organ that the liquid which makes it possible for the pollinia to stick to the bodies of visiting insects. The then taken and be pollinia are along may deposited the wholly or partly on stigma of another flower. The rostellum, how- ever, does not occur in all orchids, viz. not in the Cypripedioideae which do not It is in (Diandrae), possess pollinia. present practically all the Orchioideae (Monandrae), on the other hand, but often has very different structures. In the group including Ophrys, Platanthera, Haben- aria it forms the viscid discs and in the it etc., (viscidia), other groups usually consists of one single gland (viscidium), such as in Goodyera, it Spiranthes and Epidendrum, whereas the simple gland, as we find in Vanda and related is characterized i.e. genera, moreover, by a stipes, a tissue tape of the column formin ghe connection between the viscid disc and the pollinia. § 1. The division in the orchioideae When gradually a great number of orchids became known and when little by little, the pioneering work of Lindley (1853) made it of the Orchidaceae Reichenbach possible to compile a survey (1868) was the first to stress the differences between the Ophrydeae (Anthera cum columna connata) on the one hand, where the anther is inter- with the and the demum grown column, Operculatae (Anthera a in which columna libera, secedens saltern) on the other hand, the anther is completely free or is fixed only at the base (1868 p. -
New Helmet Orchid (Corybas Sp.) Found in the Lower Southwest
New Helmet Orchid New Helmet Orchid (Corybas sp.) found in the lower Southwest Just when you think there cannot possibly be any more surprises in Western Australian native orchids, along comes some- one to prove you wrong. This happened in early May this year when I received an email from David Edmonds, who lives near Walpole, stating “Had a bit of a surprise today, finding some helmet orchids - it seems very early in the season and they don’t look typical. Wondering whether you had any ideas as to what they could be?” The earliest flowering species of helmet orchid in WA is Corybas recurvus which starts at the end of June but does not reach peak flowering until mid July– August. So, what had David found? Fortunately, he had included some photos and as soon as I viewed them I realised that he had made a significant discov- ery, a brand new helmet orchid for WA. It was mor- phologically unlike any other species found here. Plants had a tiny leaf, smaller than the flower, and the flower, unlike that of Corybas recurvus, stood up- right rather than leaning backwards. Each flower had a broad, cream, pink tinged dorsal sepal and a pinkish -red labellum with a prominent cream boss (the cen- tral part of the labellum). It was also flowering in ear- ly May, several months before Corybas recurvus. Wow, what a discovery! I just had to see it in the wild and arranged to meet David a week later. On the 15th May a small group comprising David Edmonds, Anna de Haan, Jackie Manning (DBCA Conservation Officer from Walpole) and myself met at David’s house and, after a brief chat, proceeded to the location where he had found the or- chid. -
Rhizanthella Johnstonii (South Coast Underground Orchid)
Threatened species nomination form (Version 2018) Threatened species nomination For nominations to the WA Threatened Species Scientific Committee (and the Minister for Environment) to amend threatened species listings under the WA Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 or their assigned IUCN Red List threat status ranking. Cover Page (Office use only) Species name (scientific and common name): Rhizanthella johnstonii (South Coast Underground Orchid) Nomination for (addition, deletion, change): Addition Nominated conservation category and criteria: Critically Endangered B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii); D Scientific committee assessment of eligibility against the criteria: A. Population size reduction B. Geographic range C. Small population size and decline D. Very small or restricted population E. Quantitative analysis Outcome: Scientific committee meeting date: Scientific committee comments: Recommendation: Ministerial approval: Government Gazettal/ Legislative effect: Page 1 of 27 Threatened species nomination form Nomination summary (to be completed by nominator) Current conservation status Scientific name: Rhizanthella johnstonii Common name: South Coast Underground Orchid Family name: Orchidaceae Fauna Flora Nomination for: Listing Change of status Delisting 1. Is the species currently on any conservation list, either in a *Currently listed as CR under Rhizanthella State or Territory, Australia or Internationally? gardneri, once Rhizanthella johnstonii is added to the WA Plant census it will be listed as 2. Is it present in an Australian jurisdiction, -
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys Apifera
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera By Wazeera Rashid Abdullah April 2018 A Thesis submitted to the University of Liverpool in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Chapter one: Literature review: ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Mycorrhiza: .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM): ........... 5 1.1.2 Ectomycorrhiza: ...................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Ectendomycorrhiza: ................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4 Ericoid mycorrhiza, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, and Monotropoid mycorrhiza: ............ 6 1.1.5 Orchid mycorrhiza: ................................................................................................. 7 1.1.5.1 Orchid mycorrhizal interaction: ...................................................................... -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Neottia Japonica (Orchidaceae) Based on ITS and Matk Regions Ji-Hyeon SO and Nam-Sook LEE1*
Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 50(4): 385−394 (2020) pISSN 1225-8318 eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2020.50.4.385 Korean Journal of RESEARCH ARTICLE Plant Taxonomy Phylogenetic analysis of Neottia japonica (Orchidaceae) based on ITS and matK regions Ji-Hyeon SO and Nam-Sook LEE1* Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea 1Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea (Received 7 September 2020; Revised 25 November 2020; Accepted 22 December 2020) ABSTRACT: To elucidate the molecular phylogeny of Neottia japonica, which is a terrestrial orchid distributed in East Asia, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA and the matK of chloroplast DNA were used. A total 22 species of 69 accessions for ITS and 21 species of 114 accessions for matK phylogeny were analyzed with the max- imum parsimony and Bayesian methods. In addition, we sought to establish a correlation between the distribution, morphology of the auricles and genetic association of N. japonica with phylogenetic data. The phylogenetic results suggest that N. japonica is monophyletic and a sister to N. suzukii in terms of the ITS phylogeny, while it is para- phyletic with N. suzukii in terms of the matK phylogeny. N. japonica and N. suzukii show similar morphologies of the lip and column, they both flower in April, and they are both distributed sympatrically in Taiwan. Therefore, it appears to be clear that N. japonica and N. suzukii are close taxa within Neottia, although there is incongruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies of N. -
The Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of Iris Gatesii (Section Oncocyclus), a Bearded Species from Southeastern Turkey
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 32 | Issue 1 Article 3 2014 The ompletC e Plastid Genome Sequence of Iris gatesii (Section Oncocyclus), a Bearded Species from Southeastern Turkey Carol A. Wilson Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Genomics Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, Carol A. (2014) "The ompC lete Plastid Genome Sequence of Iris gatesii (Section Oncocyclus), a Bearded Species from Southeastern Turkey," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 32: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol32/iss1/3 Aliso, 32(1), pp. 47–54 ISSN 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) THE COMPLETE PLASTID GENOME SEQUENCE OF IRIS GATESII (SECTION ONCOCYCLUS), A BEARDED SPECIES FROM SOUTHEASTERN TURKEY CAROL A. WILSON Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and Claremont Graduate University, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Iris gatesii is a rare bearded species in subgenus Iris section Oncocyclus that occurs in steppe communities of southeastern Turkey. This species is not commonly cultivated, but related species in section Iris are economically important horticultural plants. The complete plastid genome is reported for I. gatesii based on data generated using the Illumina HiSeq platform and is compared to genomes of 16 species selected from across the monocotyledons. This Iris genome is the only known plastid genome available for order Asparagales that is not from Orchidaceae. The I. gatesii plastid genome, unlike orchid genomes, has little gene loss and rearrangement and is likely to be similar to other genomes from Asparagales. -
Rhizanthella Gardneri (Western Underground Orchid)
Short form Threatened species nomination form (Version Mar 2016) Abridged Threatened Species Nomination Form For nominations/assessments under the Common Assessment Method (CAM) where supporting information is available, but not in a format suitable for demonstrating compliance with the CAM, and assessment against the IUCN Red List threat status. Cover Page (Office use only for Assessment) Species name(scientific and common name): Rhizanthella gardneri (Western Underground Orchid) Nomination for (addition, deletion, change): Change of criteria Nominated conservation category and criteria: CR C1+2a(i); D Scientific committee assessment of eligibility against the criteria: This assessment is consistent with the standards set out in Schedule 1, item 2.7 (h) and Yes No 2.8 of the Common Assessment Method Memorandum of Understanding. A. Population size reduction B. Geographic range C. Small population size and decline D. Very small or restricted population E. Quantitative analysis Outcome: Scientific committee Meeting date: Scientific committee comments: Recommendation: Page 1 of 13 Ministerial approval: Date of Gazettal/ Legislative effect: Page 2 of 13 Nomination/Proposal summary (to be completed by nominator) Current conservation status Scientific name: Rhizanthella gardneri Common name: Underground orchid Family name: Orchidaceae Fauna Flora Nomination for: Listing Change of status/criteria Delisting 1. Is the species currently on any conservation list, either in a State or Territory, Australia or Internationally? Provide details of the occurrence and listing status for each jurisdiction in the following table 2. Is it present in an Australian jurisdiction, but not listed? Listing category i.e. State / Territory in Date listed or critically Listing criteria i.e. Jurisdiction which the species assessed (or endangered or B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) occurs N/A) ‘none’ International(IUCN Red List) National (EPBC Act) Endangered (as previously circumscribed as R.