Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2016; 4(3): 156-162 ISSN 2320-3862 JMPS 2016; 4(3): 156-162 A review on location & Boundaries of Vindhya © 2016 JMPS Received: 20-03-2016 basin, geology, climatology, importance of wild Accepted: 25-03-2016 medicinal plants of Rewa region, distribution map Abhishekh Srivastava Assistant Professor, Department of wild medicinal plants on the basis of ecological of Botany Govt. S.V. College & economical importance Teonthar, Madhya Pradesh, India. AP Singh Abhishekh Srivastava, AP Singh, Naveen Gaurav, Asha Singh and Anil Department of Botany Govt. Kumar Singh P.G. Science College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Abstract Medicinal and aromatic plants are mostly found in forest wild areas throughout South Asia from the Naveen Gaurav plains to the High altitude like Himalaya's and also in another peaks with the dense concentration in the Assistant Professor Department tropical and subtropical habitat, even in the xeric environment. India recognizes more than 3,500 plant of Biotechnology, S G R R P G College Dehradun, Uttarakhand, species having medicinal value distributed all over the zone according to the need of the micro-climatic India. suitability of plant species. Some wild medicinal plants have greater wide ecological amplitude and to adjust themselves into various ecological habitat. While others are localised into specific microclimatic Asha Singh conditions and growing only in specific habitat. Over harvesting, destructive collection technique and M. Pharmacology, PHC, conservation, conversion of habitats are prime cause for extinction of some wild medicinal plants of Madwal, Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh, tropical region. Recent study done on the various aspect of ecological & economic importance of wild India. medicinal plants of Rewa region which plays promising role for improving the physiological and morphological function of overall system of the body system. Modern pattern of living, eating and Anil Kumar Singh settlement on dirty places, destroy the basic immunity of the body due to the toxication and deposition of Research Scholar, A.P.S. toxic substances inside the body system. Toxicated food, water and impure air consequently, reduce the University, Rewa, Madhya physiological and functional aspect of body system. Subsequently, destroy the resistance of body Pradesh, India. consequently, a lot of chances to get infection of various new generation microbes, which are quite adoptable for new habitat causing various diseases and disorder in body system. Keywords: Medicinal and Aromatic plants, High Altitude, Physiological, Collection Technique, Rewa Region, Body System etc. Introduction Medicinal plants have great curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical substance of different composition which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants (Lemar, et al. 2002; Lindsey et al. 2005; Karthikeyan, et al. 2007) [1-3]. These plants metabolites are grouped as alkaloid, glycosides carticosteroids and essential oil etc. Among alkaloids morphine and cockin (poppy), strychine and brucine (Nuxvomica), quinine (chin-chona) ergotamine (ergot), hyocyamine (bellodona), scolapomine (dathura), emetine (ipecac), cocaine (coco), ephedrine (ephedra), reserpine (Rauwolfia), caffeine (tea dust), aconitine (aconite), vascine (vasaca), santonin (artemesia), lobelin (Lobelia) and large number of others, Glycosides form another important group represented by digoxin (foxglove), Stropanthin (strophanthus), glycyrrhizin (liquorice), basbolin (aloe), sonnocides (senna) etc. Carticosteroids have come into sennocides (senna) etc. Carticosteroids importance have come into light recently and diosgenin (Dioscorea), solasodin (solanum sp.) etc. are now in the large world demand. Some essential oils such as those of valerian kutch and peppermint also possess medicating properties and are used in pharmaceutical industries. Correspondence However, our knowledge of the conservation ecological and physiological make up of most of Abhishekh Srivastava the medicinal plants is very poor and we still know less about the biosynthetic pathway of Assistant Professor, Department greater bio-molecules as active constituents for which the wild plants are valued (Kaufman, et of Botany Govt. S.V. College al. 1999; Parekh & Chandra 2006, 2007) [4-6]. Teonthar, Madhya Pradesh, India. ~ 156 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Location and Boundaries of Vindhya Basin earlier workers (Singh & Dubey 1990; 2003; Heron 2005; Rewa, headquarter situated on the national highway number 7 Bhandari 2006) [12, 17]. between Jabalpur and Varanasi is a commissionary town of North East Madhya Pradesh. It lies at latitude of 24°32' N and Physiography longitude of 81°18'E. Its heights above sea level is 318.7mtrs. Rewa region has saucer shaped structure. The flat central part The area of Rewa District is 6315 Sq.K.m. approximately is made up of sedimentary rocks originated from the denuded 1054 Sq.kms is under forest cover, which is about 16.99% of material of the surrounding hills. The sloping margin of saucer total geographical area. Vindhya region includes 13 District comprises older rocks which contrastingly occupies a higher namely, Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Singrauli, Shahdol, Katni, level than the younger sedimentary rocks of the central flat Anuppur, Umaria, Damoh, Panna, Chhaturpur, Tikamgarh, & zone. The saucer was once formed in sea which sediments Datia and two Divisions i.e. Rewa & Shahdol Division with from the coastal hills deposited during the Precambrian period. diverse specific climatic situation met on the different type of Decapitation of the surrounding hills exposed the older rocks habitat. The four site Rewa, Satna, Sidhi & Shadhol remote at the coast line of the original synclinal tathys. Owing to the areas were taken for collection of plants species. Diverse synclinal shape of this area, the drainage system is of situation & specific microclimatic condition of the habitat centripetal type. This clearly reflects the vegetation pattern of enable the plant to develop adoptability through morphological habitat. The rivers mostly originated from south and flows & physiological change and specific pathway for synthesis of towards North. bio-molecules active constituent & presence of certain specific Regional structure, earth surface and geodynamic process such complex of organic molecules. These secondary metabolites as silting and erosion, consequently, extend to form specific perform many important functions for successful life cycle of complex microclimatic of the habitat. The saucer, shaped plant. Consequently, optimise the severity to overcome the structure of this area clearly reflects for the scanty vegetation adverse situation of the habitat. except a few situationary spots. Owing to its centripetal drainage pattern of the area is reported to accelerating quick Geology of Rewa and continuous erosion of soil. Many earlier workers describe the geology of Rewa plateau (Mallet 1869 & Oldhdm 1856, 1901) [7-9]. Some of the Climatology ecologically significant geological features which are indeed Climate important to promote the propagation of wild plant species on The physical state of atmosphere is composed of various the habitat are quite important from ecological point of view. constituents of climate. Climate of region is mostly determined Some important contributions on proterozoic intercontinental by certain meterological parameters such as relative humidity, basin and geology of Vindhya region have been made by temperature, wind flow and rainfall. Which influences the Charkaborti & Chaudhuri (1990) [10]; Bhattacharya (1996) [11]; vegetation pattern of habitat. Climo-edaphic factors Singh & Dubey (2003) [12]; Dubey, et al. (2005) [13]; characterised by specific pattern of vegetation of the region. Chakraborty (2006) & Chakraborty (2006). Rewa plateau is a Goods (1953) [20]. Noted that plants distribution is mostly part of Vindhya basin formed from vast hilly tract of Central controlled by influence of climatic factors and plant India. Vindhya basin is divided into two divisions – (a) Upper distribution is also affected. Keeping view in mind the various Vindhya System and (b) Lower Vindhya System. The lower related climatic data have been taken in the present Vindhya system is composed of marine calcareous sand stones investigation. and undulated shales of argillaceous nature. The upper Vindhya system comprises stratification of hard and soft bands (a) Temperature of sand stones, lime stones and shales which are of shallow Temperature greatly affect the vegetative growth of the water origin. The recent upper Vindhya system is deposited various plant species. The effects of temperature on the over the lower Vindhya system. The Vindhya System has been vegetation of area can be studied best by recording seasonal given the status of super group with four groups Semri, variation and diurnal fluctuations of temperature. Seasonal Kaimore, Rewa and Bhander. Two important formation that data reflect marked seasonal extreme and fluctuations in the are exposed in the area are the lower Gourgarh Shale followed recorded temperature values. The lowest temperature was by the Bhander lime stone formation (Singh and Dubey 1990) recorded in the month of January 2003 was recorded 12.95 0C. [17]. Tiwari & Dubey (2007) [16] reported the stratigeorgraphy The average low temperature recorded year wise were 24.67 of the area and specfic soil formation in the different spots of 0C & 24.63 0C for the