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Forces, Connections and Imagination at Work in Studying Overseas: Chinese Parents and Students’ Reasons for Choosing Australian Universities

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Forces, Connections and Imagination at Work in Studying Overseas: Chinese Parents and Students’ Reasons for Choosing Australian Universities Forces, connections and imagination at work in studying overseas: Chinese parents and students’ reasons for choosing Australian universities QI Demei A research thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Western Sydney University Research Education Team Professor Michael Singh (Principal Supervisor) Dr Jinghe Han (Associate Supervisor) Date: 1st October, 2017 Page i Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my family in China who have supported me during my study period in Australia. In particular: My mother: Qifeng He, father: Hongcai Qi, sister: Deying Qi without whose love and support this thesis would not have been possible. Page ii Acknowledgement Although I had been accepted as a PhD student in other universities, I chose to complete a doctorate at WSU after one interview with Professor Singh. Professor Singh and Dr Han have continued to vindicate that decision. This thesis owes its existence to the patience and support of Professor Michael Singh and Dr Jinghe Han. I also acknowledge the editing work of renowned children’s author Sandy Fussell and Tim Baker who refined the thesis. Page iii STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICATION The work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original except as acknowledged in the text. I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or in part, for a degree at this or any other institution. Any material that has been presented by any person or institute is duly referenced, and a complete list of all references is in the Reference List. Page iv Page iv Table of Contents ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ xvi CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................... 2 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THESIS STRUCTURE ......................................................... 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 3 1.1 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM ..................................................................... 5 1.2 RESEARCH FOCUS ............................................................................................................. 5 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................... 8 1.4 DELIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY ............................................................................. 10 1.5 SITUATING THIS STUDY IN THE LITERATURE ..................................................... 12 1. 6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................... 15 1.7 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND METHODS ................. 16 1.8 SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS RESEARCH STUDY .............. 19 1.9 THESIS STATEMENT ...................................................................................................... 22 1.10 OVERVIEW OF THESIS STRUCTURE ..................................................................... 22 1.10.1 Section 1 ................................................................................................................................ 23 1.10.2 Section 2 ................................................................................................................................ 23 1.10.3 Section 3 ................................................................................................................................ 26 1.10.4 Section 4 ................................................................................................................................ 26 1.10.5 Section 5 ................................................................................................................................ 26 1.11 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 26 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................ 29 RECRUITMENT OF FOREIGN STUDENTS BY AUSTRALIAN EDUCATIONAL PROVIDERS: REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH LITERATURE ........................ 29 2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 30 2.1. GLOBAL FORCES DRIVING THE INTERNATIONALISATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION ................................................................................................................................ 33 2.1.1 Globalisation of China’s Higher Education Sector .................................................. 33 2.1.2 Globalisation of Australian Higher Education .......................................................... 34 2.2 THE ROLE OF POLICY‐MARKET FACTORS IN INTERNATIONALISING HIGHER EDUCATION ............................................................................................................... 37 2.3 USE OF EDUCATIONAL AGENTS IN RECRUITING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS FROM CHINA ........................................................................................................ 41 2.3.1 Australian Agents .................................................................................................................. 41 2.3.2 Chinese and Other Overseas Agents ............................................................................... 43 2.3.3 Other Overseas Agents ....................................................................................................... 45 2.4 REASONS CHINESE STUDENTS HAVE UNDERTAKEN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ....................................................................................................................................... 46 2.4.1 Quality International Education .................................................................................... 46 2.4.2 International Education & Lifestyle ............................................................................. 47 2.4.3 International Education Cost .......................................................................................... 48 2.4.4 International Education and the Environment ........................................................ 49 2.4.5 International Education and Immigration ................................................................. 50 2.4.6 International Education & Employment Opportunities ....................................... 51 2.5 CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS ........................................................................................ 52 2.6 ENGLISH AND OTHER LANGUAGES ......................................................................... 55 2.7 THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED MARKET ORIENTATION IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR ................................................................................................................ 56 2.8 ANTECEDENTS TO INTERNATIONAL STUDENT INFLOWS TO UK HIGHER EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 58 Page v 2.9 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 59 2.10 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 61 CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................ 62 FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD: GLOBALISATION FORCES, CONNECTIONS AND IMAGINATION ........................ 62 3.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 63 3.1 WHAT IS SOCIAL THEORY ........................................................................................... 65 3.2 GLOBALISATION, NOW ................................................................................................. 70 Education ......................................................................................................................................................... 71 3.3 GLOBAL, FORCES, CONNECTIONS, AND IMAGINATIONS ................................... 72 3.3.1 Globalisation and Education ............................................................................................ 73 Internationalisation and education ............................................................................................................ 74 3.3.2 Global Forces and International Demand .................................................................. 74 Students Perceptions of Global Forces ................................................................................................... 76 International Student Demand ................................................................................................................... 76 Global Demand for International Students/Skilled Migrants ................................................... 77 Punctuated Intervention by International Organisations .......................................................... 78 International Education Supply and Demand .................................................................................. 79 International Education Supply and Demand: Forecasting the Future ................................ 79 Globalisation/International Openness of Universities: Cutbacks in Public Funds .......... 80 Globalising job search strategies ..........................................................................................................
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