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Escape Route FIRE LIMIT Coastline ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8 | July 2018 THE JULY 2018 ATTICA (CENTRAL GREECE) WILDFIRES Dr. Efthymis Lekkas, Dr. Panayotis Carydis, PhD c. Spyridon Mavroulis, Dr. Michalis Diakakis, PhD c. Emmanuel Andreadakis, MSc Marilia Gogou, MSc Nafsika-Ioanna Spyrou, Dr. Miltiadis Athanassiou, MSc Elina Kapourani, Dr. Emmanuel Vassilakis, MSc Evaggelia Kotsi, Dr. Phoebe- Demeter Speis, MSc John Delakouridis, PhD c. Dimitrios Milios, MSc Katerina-Nafsika Katsetsiadou, Dr. Konstantinos Lagouvardos, Dr. Vassiliki Kotroni, Dr. Thodoris Giannaros, MSc Stavros Dafis, Dr. Athanassios Karagiannidis, Dr. Katerina Papagiannaki, Dr. Margarita Arianoutsou, Dr. Isaak Parcharidis ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 2 About Non-periodic publication of the Post-graduate Studies Publishers: Program “Environmental Disasters & Crises Dr. Efthymis Lekkas Management Strategies" of the National & Kapodistrian Dr. Nikolaos Voulgaris University of Athens, issued after significant events for Dr. Stylianos Lozios the immediate information of the scientific community and the general public. The publication includes also Technical Editing: scientific data from various research teams from PhD c. Spyridon Mavroulis universities, organizations and research institutes. Communication: PhD c. Spyridon Mavroulis ([email protected]) MSc Alexia Grambas ([email protected]) MSc Katerina-Nafsika Katsetsiadou ([email protected]) Copyrights Scientific Mission All copyrights of scientific data belong to their Of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology respective owners, while the copyrights of this and Geoenvironment, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology publication belong to the publishers. Contributors Cited as Dr. Efthymis Lekkas, Dr. Panayotis Carydis, Dr. Konstantinos Lagouvardos, Lekkas, E., Carydis, P., Lagouvardos, K., Mavroulis, S., PhD c. Spyridon Mavroulis, Dr. Michalis Diakakis, PhD c. Emmanuel Diakakis, M., Andreadakis, Emm., Gogou, M.E., Spyrou, N.I., Andreadakis, MSc Marilia Gogou, MSc Nafsika-Ioanna Spyrou, Dr. Miltiadis Athanassiou, M., Kapourani, E., Arianoutsou, M., Vassilakis, Athanassiou, MSc Elina Kapourani, Dr. Margarita Arianoutsou, Dr. Emmanuel M., Parcharidis P. Kotsi, E., Speis, P.D., Delakouridis, J., Vassilakis, Dr. Isaak Parcharidis, MSc Evaggelia Kotsi, Dr. Phoebe-Demeter Milios, D., Kotroni, V., Giannaros, T., Dafis, S., Kargiannidis, Speis, MSc John Delakouridis, PhD c. Dimitrios Milios, Dr. Vassiliki Kotroni, A., Papagiannaki, K. (2018). The July 2018 Attica (Central Dr. Thodoris Giannaros, MSc Stavros Dafis, Dr. Athanassios Karagiannidis, Greece) Wildfires – Scientific Report (Version 1.0). Dr. Katerina Papagiannaki Newsletter of Environmental, Disaster, and Crisis The scientific team visited the fire-affected area of Mati (Eastern Attica) Management Strategies, 8, ISSN 2653-9454. shortly after the destructive wildfire in order to conduct a reconnaissance of the affected area and to assess the causes and the destructive effects on the natural and built environment. This study was funded by the Environmental, Disaster and Crises Management Strategies Post graduate Program of the Department of Geology and Geoenvironment of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. https://edcm.edu.gr ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 3 GENERAL INFORMATION In the early afternoon of Monday, July 23, 2018 a wildfire broke out in the forest surrounding the settlement of Kallitehnoupolis on Penteli Mt., approx. 20km northeast of Athens and 5 km to the west of the Eastern Attica coastline. The cause of the wildfire remains still unknown. Because of the extreme weather conditions, fire spread swiftly to the east, affecting, as it travelled along, the settlements of Kallitechnoulopis, Neos Voutzas, Rafina and reached Mati, where it finally stopped right at the coastline. The Fire Service was made aware of the fire ignition point at 16.57 (local time) and responded by sending 60 persons on 24 vehicles, 15 vehicles belonging to registered volunteers, 2 ground forces teams, as well as 3 Canadair aircrafts and a helicopter. Organized evacuation operations took place at a church charity institution (Lyreion) and all children summer camps of the wider area. The wildfire, classified as a crown fire, aided by very strong winds of an approximate velocity of 90 km/h, crossed the main highway of the area (Marathonos Av.) within a very short time (estimated approximately 30 to 40 min depending on the location), and moved towards the settlement of Mati, where it reached the sea with a fire front of approximately 1 km, allowing for a minimal response time by the inhabitants and numerous visitors of the area. The difficult weather conditions, the area morphology and the town configuration resulted in the entrapment of a great number of people. The aftermath is tragic. The fire-affected area is approx. 12.8 km2 (1275.9 ha), estimated by satellite data provided by the COPERNICUS Emergency Management Service – Mapping platform. Within the area, there are approx. 1220 totally destroyed buildings (according to carried out official inspections) and 305 burned vehicles. The days following the event, the authorities recovered at least 91 bodies from the scene (updated 31/7/2018 at 11.00am). Several missing persons were reported and tens of injured (approximately 200 at some point) were transferred to nearby hospitals. ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 4 METEOROLOGICAL DATA Detailed wind modelling The following video shows the evolution of the speed and direction of the wind in temporal terms over the eastern part of Attica, between Monday 23/7/18 15.30 (local time) and Tuesday 24/7/2018 at 06.00 (local time), as it was modelled from the WRF-SFIRE forecasting model (with high spatial resolution of 667m) Snapshots from the video record the dramatic increase of the wind, of W and SW direction, at the break of the fire (17.00 of 23rd) until 21.00 the same day. This fact is believed to be crucial and contributed largely to the high velocity of the fire front and its quick movement towards Mati town. Timeline of wind direction and intensity, during the event. Strong western winds approach from Penteli Mt. and reach the area of N. Voutzas, Rafina and Mati between 17:00 and 17:30. From that time on, the wildfire has a rapid downslope spread towards the coast. 16:30 17:01 17:31 18:11 18:38 19:08 19:41 20:11 National Observatory of Athens www.meteo.gr ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 5 METEOROLOGICAL DATA Timeline of wind direction and intensity, during the event. Strong western winds approach from Penteli Mt. and reach the area of N. Voutzas, Rafina and Mati between 17:00 and 17:30. From that time on, the wildfire has a rapid downslope spread towards the coast. 20:41 21:12 21:32 22:11 22:39 23:08 23:32 National Observatory of Athens www.meteo.gr ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 6 METEOROLOGICAL DATA Winds in Attica on Monday 23/07 The condensed situation on Monday 23/07 resulted in the predominance of stormy west-northwest winds in Eastern Sterea and Attica. As the following map displaying the wind gusts from all of our stations in Attica, the bursts reached 100-120 km/h in several areas of Attica, while in the greater part of the Region the bursts exceeded 60 km/h in velocity. It should be noted that the western winds as downslope winds in the eastern regions of Attica result in significant temperature rise (more than 37 °C) and low humidity, creating ideal conditions for rapid fire spreading. It is noteworthy that the wind gusts recorded on Monday 23/07 by the meteorological stations of the NOA in Isthmos, Agioi Theodoroi, Kapareli Viotia, Parnitha, Penteli, Ano Liosia, Neos Cosmos were the highest recorded in the summer months over the last eight years -since they have been installed in many cases regardless of wind direction. Lagouvardos K., Dafis S., Kotroni V. (2018) http://www.meteo.gr/articleview.cfm?id=720 ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 7 BOUNDARIES OF THE FIRE-AFFECTED AREA From COPERNICUS Emergency Management Story Mapping http://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/system/files/components/EMSR300_02RAFINA_01DELINEATION_MAP_v1_300dpi.jpg ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 8 BOUNDARIES OF THE FIRE-AFFECTED AREA From COPERNICUS Emergency Management Story Mapping http://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-components/EMSR300 ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 9 AVERAGE RATE OF SPREAD CALCULATION BASED ON EVIDENCE Video from Panos Kokkinidis facebook page Went live on Monday 23/7/18 on 17.39 local time https://www.facebook.com/pkokkinidis/videos/vb.1474624093/102166405783 54939/?type=2&video_source=user_video_tab This is the position from where the video was captured shown here in google street view imagery ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 10 AVERAGE RATE OF SPREAD CALCULATION BASED ON EVIDENCE The progress of fire-front is presented with time Based on the presented timing the average information based on documentary evidence velocity of fire movement is between 3-4.1 (videos, pictures and interviews of km/h. However, there is evidence that in eyewitnesses). between there were locations were the fire accelerated to higher velocity values ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 11 CHANGE IN FIRE BEHAVIOUR DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN VEGETATION Differences in fuels (type and amount of vegetation) due to previous fires (2009), could have led to differences in fire behaviour and rate of spread of the fire-front eastwards ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 12 CHANGE IN FIRE BEHAVIOUR DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN VEGETATION Fire limit of 2009 Amiridis, V., C. Zerefos, S. Kazadzis, E. Gerasopoulos, K. Eleftheratos, M. Vrekoussis, A. Stohl et al. "Impact of the 2009 Attica wild fires on the air quality in urban Athens." Atmospheric environment 46 (2012): 536-544. ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 13 REMOTE SENSING DATA Infrared False color image (pre-fire) ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No. 8, August 2018 | 14 REMOTE SENSING DATA Infrared False color image Infrared(post False-fire) color image (post-fire) Infrared False color image (post-fire) ISSN 2653-9454 Issue No.
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