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Two New Trap-Door Spiders from Thailand Araneae Mygalomorphae

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Two New Trap-Door Spiders from Thailand Araneae Mygalomorphae Bull.Br.arachnol.Soc. (1991) 8 (8), 233-240 233 Two new trap-door spiders from Thailand Prothemenops siamensis n. sp. (Figs. 1-12) (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae) Material examined Peter J. Schwendinger Thailand, Khao Kieo: cf holotype (matured 20 Institute of Zoology, April 1988; MHNG), 2 $ paratypes (MHNG, University of Innsbruck, NHMW), 6 May 1987; leg. Schwendinger. Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Diagnosis Summary Medium-sized spiders with low hirsute carapace and Two new species and a new genus of idiopid trap-door slightly recurved fovea. Eye group in three rows, about spiders from Thailand are described: Prothemenops 1.3 times wider than long; posterior row widest. siamensis n. gen. & n. sp. and Idiops pylorus n. sp. The Posterior sternal sigilla small and submarginal. Few taxonomic position of Prothemenops n. gen. is discussed. /. pylorus n. sp. is compared with related species, and its cuspules only on female maxillae. Anterior legs peculiar defence mechanism is described. Notes are given scopulate; paired tarsal claws with S-shaped row of on habitat, burrow structure, annual cycle, mating and teeth. Palpal tarsi and leg metatarsi furnished with reproduction. clavate trichobothria. Vulva with two tubuliform receptacula attached to sclerotised pouches (Fig. 12). Introduction Male tarsi pseudosegmented; tibia I with twin coupling The spider family Idiopidae, recently separated by spur bearing spines (Figs. 8, 9); palpal tibia with single Raven (1985) from the formerly heterogeneous retrolateral process (Figs. 10, 11). Bulb characterized Ctenizidae, is represented in Asia by three genera: by moderately extended distal haematodocha, Idiops Perty (10 spp.), Heligmomerus Simon (2 spp.) bifurcate paraembolic apophysis and whip-like embolus and Scalidognathus Karsch (3 spp.). No such spiders (Figs. 10,11). have hitherto been recorded from Thailand. During 2 years of research in that country I was lucky enough to discover two new idiopid species, which proved to be of Male great taxonomic and biological interest. The species Total length, including chelicerae, 19.1. Carapace collected in eastern Thailand occupies an isolated dark brown, 6.8 long, 5.8 wide, hirsute, covered with position within the family and cannot be attributed to fine golden hairs, fringed by long black bristles (Fig. 1); any of the existing genera. After consulting Dr Raven, pars cephalica low (Fig. 4). Fovea slightly recurved, I considered it necessary to establish a new genus. The occupying 1/6 of carapace width at that point. Eye species from the north of the country is biologically group in three rows, 0.88 long, front width 0.79, back noteworthy on account of its sophisticated defence width 1.15, raised on low, dark tubercle, occupying mechanism, not so far recorded for Idiopidae. These about 1/3 of head width. ALE set in advance of others remarkable species indicate a rich and fascinating, but at anterior carapace margin (Fig. 1). Eye sizes and still poorly known, spider fauna in Thailand. interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.32, PME 0.14, PLE Abbreviations: BMNH = British Museum (Natural 0.40; AME-AME 0.19, AME-ALE 0.26, PME-PME History), London; MHNG = Museum d'Histoire 0.42, PME-PLE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.32. MOQ 0.45 long, naturelle, Geneve; NHMW = Naturhistorisches front width 0.60, back width 0.68. Sternum reddish Museum, Wien. AME, ALE, PME, PLE = anterior brown, 3.5 long, 3.1 wide, with three pairs of small (posterior) median (lateral) eyes; MOQ = median submarginal sigilla. Labio-sternal suture composed of ocular quadrangle; PMS, PLS = posterior median two shallow lateral grooves. Labium 0.6 long, 1.1 wide, (lateral) spinnerets. All measurements, if not otherwise maxillae 2.3 long, 1.1 wide; no cuspules or spicules indicated, are in mm. present (Fig. 5). Chelicerae with rastellum on low mound; 8/7 teeth on promargin and 6/6 denticles on Prothemenops n. gen. retromargin of left/right cheliceral furrow. Legs 4123, Type-species: Prothemenops siamensis n. sp. reddish brown, except dark brown femora. Two curved processes forming coupling spur on distal prolateral Etymology end of tibia I, each bearing two short, stout spines set Greek: prothemen, participium aorist medium of close together. A long sigmoid spine near base of distal protithemi = set in front, place ahead; ops = eye; process, a cluster of small spines anterior to proximal masculine in gender. one (Figs. 8, 9). Lateral and ventral spines on tibiae, metatarsi and posterior tarsi; patella III with band of Diagnosis short prolateral spines. Filiform trichobothria on tibiae Idiopid spiders with eye groups slightly wider than to tarsi; clavate trichobothria on palpal tarsus and distal long, occupying about 1/3 of head width. Eyes arranged half of leg metatarsi. Tarsi and metatarsi of legs I, II in three rows, posterior row widest. ALE close to each and tarsus III lightly scopulate. All tarsi slightly curved other, set on clypeus margin, distinctly in advance of and pseudosegmented (Fig. 7). Paired tarsal claws other eyes. Carapace low; fovea slightly recurved or armed with S-shaped row of 5-7 teeth (two of them straight. Posterior sternal sigilla present. Scopula larger than others) on anterior legs, 5-6 on posteriors; present on anterior legs in both sexes. unpaired claw unarmed. Measurements: 234 Trap-door spiders from Thailand I II III rv Palp 2.7 long; PLS apical segment domed, 0.4, median 0.9, Femur 5.0 4.8 4.2 5.8 2.8 basal 1.4. Patella 3.3 3.0 2.4 3.2 1.8 Tibia 3.7 3.5 3.0 5.1 1.8 Metatarsus 4.3 4.0 4.4 6.0 — Female Tarsus 2.4 2.2 2.4 3.0 1.0 As in male, except for following: Total length, Total 18.7 17.5 16.4 23.1 7.4 including chelicerae, 22.2. Carapace reddish brown, 7.0 Palp with retrolateral tibial process bearing several long, 5.3 wide (Fig. 2); pars cephalica slightly arched small spines. Cymbium terminating in a rounded and a (Fig. 3). The second female (mutilated during capture) pointed lobe. Distal haematodocha of bulb only measures: total length 22.7, carapace length 9.0, width moderately extended towards embolus. Bulb with short 7.1. Fovea occupying about 1/4 of carapace width at bifurcate paraembolic apophysis (PA) and long, thin, that point. Eye group 0.93 long, front width 0.83, back flexible embolus (E; Figs. 10,11). width 1.25, occupying 1/3 of head width. Eye sizes and Abdomen light brown, 9.4 long, 6.6 wide; posterior interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.34, PME 0.15, PLE pair of lung plates reddish brown. Integument clothed 0.31; AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.31, PME-PME with long black and short light hairs, ornamented with a 0.45, PME-PLE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.39. MOQ 0.48 long, faint dark pattern dorsally (Fig. 6). PMS 0.6 long, PLS front width 0.60, back width 0.72. Sternum 3.8 long, mw^zB ^!S&'?^>;v Figs. 1-7: Prothemenops siamensis n. sp. 1 Male carapace, dorsal view; 2 Female carapace, dorsal view; 3 Female carapace, lateral view; 4 Male carapace, lateral view; 5 Male prosoma, ventral view; 6 Male abdomen, dorsal view; 7 Tarsus and metatarsus of male leg I. Scale lines = 1.0mm. P. J. Schwendinger 235 3.2 wide. Labium 0.7 long, 1.3 wide. Maxillae 2.7 long, than twice as wide as long, and the eye arrangement 1.4 wide, with few cuspules at prolateral-proximal closely resembles that of the arbanitine tribe comer. Left/right cheliceral furrow with 8/8 teeth on Aganippini (Figs. 1, 2; cf. Main, 1957: figs. 2, 3, 25; promargin and 10/7 denticles on retromargin. Legs Main, 1985: figs. 17-23). It has in common with the 4123, entirely reddish brown. Scopula on tarsi and Genysinae a recurved fovea, which Raven (1985: 61) metatarsi I, II and on tarsus and distal tibia of palp. considers to be synapomorphic for this subfamily. Clavate trichobothria on leg metatarsi and palpal However, a clear distinction of the two groups by the tarsus. All tarsi integral and armed with spines. Paired shape pf the fovea is not always possible - several tarsal claws with S-shaped row of 5-6 teeth on anterior arbanitine species of different genera also possess a legs, 5-7 (mostly 6) on posteriors, unpaired claws bare; somewhat recurved fovea (cf. Main, 1985: figs. 39, 81, palpal claw with 4 teeth. Measurements: 142, 149). Considering the geographical separation of I II III IV Palp both subfamilies and in accord with R. J. Raven (pers. Femur 4.5 4.2 3.7 5.1 3.5 comm.) I tentatively place Prothemenops n. gen. in the Patella 3.2 2.9 2.4 3.3 2.4 Genysinae, despite its close resemblance to some Tibia 3.0 2.6 2.2 4.2 2.2 Arbanitinae. Further discoveries of idiopid spiders in Metatarsus 2.5 2.3 2.7 4.2 — southeast Asia may show whether the Arbanitinae are Tarsus 1.5 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.3 Total 14.7 .13.3 12.6 18.8 10.4 actually restricted to Australia and New Zealand, as suggested. Abdomen 11.9 long, 8.4 wide. PMS 0.7 long, PLS Erecting a monotypic genus is controversial. 2.6 long; PLS apical segment 0.4, median 0.7, basal 1.5. Nevertheless the newly discovered species cannot be Vulva wide, short, with two heavily sclerotised attributed to any known idiopid genus without lateral pouches (P) leading into a bent, tubuliform considerably expanding its generic limits. The unique receptaculum (R; Fig.
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