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Histologic Basis of Mouse Endocrine System Development : a Comparative Analysis / Authors, Matthew Kaufman, Alexander Yu Nikitin, John P CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4200-8818-2 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material repro- duced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copy- right.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifica- tion and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kaufman, Matthew H. Histologic basis of mouse endocrine system development : a comparative analysis / authors, Matthew Kaufman, Alexander Yu Nikitin, John P. Sundberg. p. ; cm. -- (Research methods for mutant mice series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4200-8818-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Mice--Embryology. 2. Mice--Endocrinology. I. Nikitin, Alexander Yu. II. Sundberg, John P. III. Title. IV. Series: Research methods for mutant mice series. [DNLM: 1. Mice. 2. Endocrine System--anatomy & histology. 3. Endocrine System--embryology. QY 60.R6 K21h 2010] QL737.R6.K386 2010 573.4’19353--dc22 2009031437 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface...............................................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... xiii The Authors .....................................................................................................................................xv 1Chapter 1Chapter Introduction ..................................................................................................................1 Background ..................................................................................................................3 General Approach Taken in This Volume ....................................................................4 References ....................................................................................................................4 2Chapter 2Chapter The Adrenal (Suprarenal) Gland ..................................................................................7 Introduction ..................................................................................................................7 Development of the Adrenal Gland in the Human Embryo and Fetus ........................7 Formation of the Adrenal Cortex ............................................................................7 Formation of the Adrenal Medulla ..........................................................................9 Gross Anatomy of the Postnatal and Adult Adrenal Gland in the Human ..................9 Adrenal Cortex ........................................................................................................... 10 Zona Glomerulosa ................................................................................................. 10 Zona Fasciculata .................................................................................................... 10 Zona Reticularis .................................................................................................... 10 General Observations on the Zonation of the Adrenal Cortex .................................. 11 Adrenal Medulla.........................................................................................................12 Blood Supply to the Adrenal Glands in the Human ................................................... 13 Some of the Factors that Influence Human Adrenal Growth during the Prenatal Period ......................................................................................................................... 13 Steroid Production by the Adrenals and Gonads Sheds Light on Their Possible Role in the Onset of Puberty in Males and Females .................................................. 14 Observations on the Adrenal Gland and Its Blood Supply in the Rat ........................ 14 Rat Adrenal Cortex ................................................................................................ 16 Rat Adrenal Medulla ............................................................................................. 17 Development of the Adrenal Gland in the Mouse ...................................................... 19 Anatomical Features of the Adrenal Gland in the Mouse .........................................25 Histological Morphology of the Adrenal Gland in the Mouse...................................26 Zona Glomerulosa .................................................................................................26 Zona Fasciculata ....................................................................................................26 The X Zone of the Cortex .....................................................................................26 Morphology and Functional Activity of the Adrenal Medulla in the Mouse ............27 Functional Activity of the Different Regions of the Adrenal Cortex in the Mouse ...................................................................................................................28 References ..................................................................................................................29 3Chapter 3Chapter The Pituitary Gland .................................................................................................... 33 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 33 General Observations ................................................................................................. 33 v vi Contents Terminology ...............................................................................................................34 Information on the Early Development of the Pituitary Gland in the Human Embryo and Fetus....................................................................................................... 35 Pituitary Gland in Genetically Abnormal Human Conceptuses ................................37 Gross Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland in the Human Adult......................................37 The Blood Supply and Innervation of the Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus in the Human ..................................................................................................................38 Histological Appearance of the Various Parts of the Pituitary Gland in the Human ..................................................................................................................39 The Pituitary Gland in the Adult Rat .........................................................................39 Prenatal Development of the Pituitary Gland in the Mouse ......................................40 Histological Landmarks Associated with the Appearance of the Pituitary Gland at Sequential Stages of Development in the Prenatal Mouse ..........................40 Gross Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland in the Adult Mouse ....................................... 43 Histological Features of the Various Parts of the Pituitary Gland in the Mouse .......44 Pars Distalis ...........................................................................................................44 Pars Intermedia......................................................................................................44 Pars Nervosa (Neurohypophysis) ......................................................................45 The Control of Secretion of the Pituitary Hormones .................................................45 The Molecular Factors Believed to Play a Role in the Establishment of the Hypothalamo−Pituitary Axis .....................................................................................45 References ..................................................................................................................56
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