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International Journal of Professional Development ISSN: 2277-517X (Print), 2279-0659 (Online) Vol.3,No.2,July-Dec

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International Journal of Professional Development ISSN: 2277-517X (Print), 2279-0659 (Online) Vol.3,No.2,July-Dec International Journal of Professional Development ISSN: 2277-517X (Print), 2279-0659 (Online) Vol.3,No.2,July-Dec. 2014 NON-PERFORMING ASSETS MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS Dr. Laxmi Gupta Saraswati Mahila Mahavidyalaya Palwal Distt. Palwal, Haryana, India – 121102 Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Non-Performing Assets can be defined as Assets which do not directly contribute to the bank’s profitability. If an asset ceases to yield income for the bank, it ceases to be the performing asset and has to be treated as a Non-Performing Asset. The three letters strike terror in banking sector and business circle today. All the public sector banks are facing the problem of Non-Performing Assets (NPA) which requires recovery measures to increase the profitability as well as good image for these banks. In the present paper the results of a study on Non-Performing Assets (NPA) Management in Public Sector Banks (PSBs) of District Palwal have been presented. Keywords: NPA, Bank, Asset, SARFAESI, Recovery INTRODUCTION: reduce the profitability of a bank, weaken its At present there are 28 public sector banks (PSBs) financial health and erode its solving. The banks consisting of the State Bank of India (SBI), its 7 and financial instructions have to take the subsidiaries and 19 Nationalized Banks and the initiative to reduce NPAs in a time bound IDBI Bank Ltd. These 28 public sector banks are strategic approach. On the basis of the finding of the backbone of the Indian economy which are the proposed work, some remedial measures have playing a vital role in providing credit facilities in been suggested for the better management of rural, semi-urban and urban areas. All the public NPAs. sector banks are facing the problem of Non- NON-PERFORMING ASSETS – GLOBAL Performing Assets (NPA) which requires PERSPECTIVE: recovery measures to increase the profitability as The problem of non-performing assets (NPA) in well as good image for these banks. With the the banking system has been regarded as one of identification of problem of bad debts in early the major challenges for the financial stability and 1990’s, the accumulation of huge non-performing sustainable economic development at the global assets in all banks in general and public sector level. NPA is regarded as a threat to financial banks in particular has assumed greater stability because the mounting NPAs weaken the importance in the recent past. The situation has banking entity and the financial system and raises further worsened in the era of globalization, the possibility of contagion and resulting financial liberalization and privatization and the magnitude crisis. NPA is perceived as a challenge to of NPAs in banks and financial institutions is over sustainable economic development because it Rs. 1,50,000 crore. There is a global competition blocks the productive resources and its further use and the PSBs have to compete with the private in the productive channel. The problem of NPA sector banks and in this situation, the effective affects the financial health of bank, its and efficient management of NPA is of profitability and also disrupts the credit cycle. paramount importance for PSBs. While gross NPA in financial system has been a global NPA reflects the quality of the loans made by problem. Ernst and Young in its ‘Global NPL banks, net NPA shows the actual burden of banks. Report 2004’ had estimated the non-performing Public sector banks figure prominently in the loans at the global level to the tune of USD 1300 debate not only because they dominate the billion during 2003, of which around 77% was banking industries, but also since they have much from the Asian region. Japan and China together larger NPAs compared with the private sector constituted around 49% of the global NPA (RBI banks. NPA’s impact is on banks Profitability, Occasional Papers Vol.24-No.3 Winter 2003). Liquidity, Involvement of Management, Credit The NPA position in some of the major countries Loss and this raises a concern in the industry and is given in the Table 1. academia because it is generally felt that NPAs Table 1: Ratio of Non-Performing Assets to Total Loans (%) Country 2001 2002 2003 United States 1.40 1.60 1.30 United kingdom 2.60 2.60 2.20 Japan 6.60 8.90 7.20 Germany 4.90 5.00 4.90 France 5.00 5.00 4.90 China 29.80 25.50 22.00 India 11.40 10.40 8.80 1 International Journal of Professional Development ISSN: 2277-517X (Print), 2279-0659 (Online) Vol.3,No.2,July-Dec. 2014 Sri Lanka 16.90 15.70 13.90 Pakistan 23.30 23.70 20.70 Thailand 10.50 15.80 15.50 Philippines 16.90 15.40 15.20 Source: RBI Occasional Papers Vol.24-No.3 Winter 2003. The published data reveal that the ratio of NPAs sub-standard account upto one year from the to total assets of banking sector in Asian region date of account turning NPA if the account is much higher than that of in Europe and USA. remains so. Thereafter, if the account remains The ratio of non-performing loans to total loans NPA for three years it is categorized as doubtful in USA was 1.3% in 2003. However, the same assets and thereafter it is categorized as loss was 22% in China, 20.7% in Pakistan, 15.5% in assets. Thailand, 15.2% in Philippines and 8.8% in In India, the gross NPA of scheduled India. However, the technological revolution, commercial banks (SCBs) in absolute terms was particularly in the information technology, risk continuously increasing up to Financial Year management under BASEL norms rapid (FY) 2002. However, the sustained reforms in globalization and integration of economies have the financial sector and the new enabling helped in containing the NPAs in the banking legislations have helped in containing the NPA system in a number of economies, particularly in position in Indian banking system and there has the economies under transition. been a sustained decline in the gross NPA of the NON-PERFORMING ASSETS – INDIAN scheduled commercial banks after FY 2002. SCENARIO: However, the gross NPA of scheduled An NPA account is defined as an account where commercial banks (SCBs) in absolute terms was the principal and interest remains overdue for again found to increase from Financial Year more than 90 days. Once an account is (FY) 2007 onwards. The status of gross NPA in categorized as NPA account it is categorized as scheduled commercial banks is given in the Table 2. Table 2: Gross NPA of Scheduled Commercial Banks (Rs. crore) Year Public Sector Private Sector Foreign SCB’s Total (as at end March) Banks Banks Banks 2000 53,033 4,761 2,614 60,408 2001 54,672 5,963 3,106 63,741 2002 56,473 11,662 2,726 70,861 2003 54,090 11,782 2,845 68,717 2004 51,538 10,354 2,894 64,786 2005 48,399 8,782 2,192 59,373 2006 41,358 7,811 1,928 51,097 2007 38,968 9,256 2,263 50,486 2008 40,452 12,997 2,859 56,309 2009 44,957 16,926 6,444 68,328 2010 59,926 17,639 7,133 84,698 2011 74,614 18,240 5,068 97,922 Source: RBI Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India (various issues) OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The unprecedented growth in Non-Performing Two methods i.e. data collection and survey Asset (NPAs) in public sector banks has been a method have been adopted. concern to the bank itself as well as to the Firstly the macro level data relating to Reserve Bank of India & Govt. To manage the NPAs was collected and for that data growth of NPAs in PSBs, it is necessary to know published in IBA Bulletin, the Journal of the factors responsible for this growth. This the banking studies and some other study basically aims at studying the NPA status articles and papers were studied. of SBIs branches in District Palwal (Haryana). A comprehensive field survey of The objectives of the study will focus on. managers/field officers related to loans To evaluate NPAs (Gross and Net) in and borrowers was conducted for which Branches under investigation. the data were collected from branches of To evaluate profitability position of State Bank of India, Palwal District. branches under investigation. PRESENT STUDY: To analyze the reasons for NPA and its In the present study a study has been carried out relation with operating profit of the on the Non-Performing AssetsManagement in Bank. Public Sector Banks (SBIs) in Palwal District of Studying internal arrangements related Haryana. On the basis of the finding of the to internal systems, procedures and proposed work, some remedial measures have practices for monitoring the NPAs and been suggested for the better management of recovering the advances. NPAs. 2 International Journal of Professional Development ISSN: 2277-517X (Print), 2279-0659 (Online) Vol.3,No.2,July-Dec. 2014 ABOUT THE STATE: National Capital Region (NCR) is that of The State of Haryana came into existence on 1st Haryana State. The State of Haryana is spread in of November 1966. Since then it has been the total area of 44,212 sq km. the total achieving an all round development. Its population of State of Haryana is around 2, importance lies in the fact that 30 per cent of its 53,53,081 with a literacy rate of 76.64%. total area, comprising the districts of Faridabad, A map indicating the State of Haryana is shown Mewat, Gurgaon, Rewari, Jhajjar, Rohtak, in fig.
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