Université Du Québec Thèse Présentée À L'université Du Québec À Trois-Rivières Comme Exigence Partielle Du Doctorat En

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Université Du Québec Thèse Présentée À L'université Du Québec À Trois-Rivières Comme Exigence Partielle Du Doctorat En UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE À L'UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À TROIS-RIVIÈRES COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DU DOCTORAT EN LETTRES PAR KIMGLADU LA GRANDEUR DES PETITS GENRES: ESTHÉTIQUE GALANTE ET ROCOCO DANS LE PREMIER xvnr SIÈCLE NOVEMBRE 2014 Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Service de la bibliothèque Avertissement L’auteur de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse a autorisé l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières à diffuser, à des fins non lucratives, une copie de son mémoire ou de sa thèse. Cette diffusion n’entraîne pas une renonciation de la part de l’auteur à ses droits de propriété intellectuelle, incluant le droit d’auteur, sur ce mémoire ou cette thèse. Notamment, la reproduction ou la publication de la totalité ou d’une partie importante de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse requiert son autorisation. REMERCIEMENTS Au terme de ce parcours, je tiens en premier lieu à exprimer toute ma gratitude à monsieur Marc André Bernier, qui a agi comme directeur de ce projet de recherche. Je souhaite particulièrement le remercier de la confiance qu'il m'a accordée dès le commencement de cette collaboration et qu'il a continué de me témoigner au fil des ans. Par ailleurs, au-delà de son érudition et de ses conseils judicieux, c'est à sa grande générosité que je désire rendre hommage. Sans le soutien indéfectible dont il a toujours fait preuve à mon égard, ce projet n'aurait pas pu bénéficier des conditions favorables qui en ont assuré le déroulement harmonieux. Je tiens également à remercier mes collègues, qui sont avant tout des amis très chers, qui m'ont constamment encouragée en partageant leurs propres expériences et en m'offrant toujours de nouvelles pistes de réflexion. De même, je suis reconnaissante aux membres de ma famille qui m'ont soutenue dans ce projet. Enfm, je ne saurais passer sous silence l'aide indispensable que m'a fournie Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec et grâce à laquelle j'ai pu compléter ce projet de recherche. Je les remercie grandement de la confiance et de l'intérêt dont ils ont fait preuve à mon endroit. Je suis, de même, reconnaissante au Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada pour le soutien qu'il m'a accordé. TABLE DES MATIÈRES REMERCIEMENTS ......................................................................................................... III TABLE DES MATIÈRES ............................................................................................... IV INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1 PREMIÈRE PARTIE Rococo ET PARALLÈLE ENTRE LES ARTS CHAPITRE 1 Du ROCOCO EN LITTÉRATURE ......................................................................................... 16 1. Rococo et littérature: la critique contemporaine ........................................................... 19 2. Parallèle entre peinture et littérature: aux origines de l'esthétique modeme ................ 28 3. Peintres rococo et ouvrages d'esprit: la critique d'art .................................................. 35 CHAPITRE II LE PETIT ET LE MINEUR .................................................................................................... 43 1. Le goût pour les petits genres ........................................................................................ 47 2. D'une écriture en mineur. .............................................................................................. 59 3. L'exemple des énigmes et des bouts-rimés ................................................................... 69 4. Variété et bigarrure ........................... ............................................................................ 76 CHAPITRE III UNE ESTIlÉTIQUE DE LA BRIÈVETÉ ................................................................................... 84 1. Brièveté de la forme: de la feuille volante à l'épigramme ............................................ 87 2. Diversité et divertissement : les recueils et périodiques .............................................. 102 3. Pièces détachées et conte de fées ................................................................................. 111 4. Une esthétique du fragment ......................................................................................... 117 DEUXIÈME PARTIE Du STYLE ROCOCO v CHAPITRE 1 L'ART DE LA CONVERSATION ................................................................... ....................... 126 1. Mondanité et galanterie ....................................... ................................................. ........ 12 8 2. De l'honnête homme au galant homme: un art de l'agrément.. .................................. 133 3. L'art de plaire ou la nécessité d'être bref.. ... ...................... .......................................... 144 CHAPITRE II LE STYLE GRACIEUX .. ........................... ........................................................................... 15 2 1. Naïveté et simplicité champêtres .......................................................................... ....... 154 2. L'attrait de la grâce et le je-ne-sais-quoi .. .............................................................. .... .. 162 3. La catégorie de la négligence .. ....................................................................... .............. 171 4. Le joli............................................. .......... .. ............................................................... .. 183 CHAPITRE III LE STYLE BRILLANT .. .. ............................... .......... ........................ ................................... 196 1. Le badinage moderne ........ ...................................... .......... .. ............ .............. ............... 198 2. Le bel esprit ...................................................................... ...... ................ ...................... 203 3. La valorisation des ornements du discours: de l'Espagne à la France .. .. .................... 225 4. Les agréments du langage et le style brillant.. ............................................................. 235 TROISIÈME PARTIE THÈMES ET MOTIFS DE LA GALANTERIE ROCAll,LE CHAPITRE 1 FÉERIE DU DÉCOR............................... ..... ................... .......... .......................................... 245 1. Les arts décoratifs : luxe et surcharge ... .. ...................................... .. .............................246 2. Topoïpicturaux et chars volants: l'iconographie rocaille ........................................... 251 CHAPITRE II LA« GALANTISATION »DE LA FABLE. ................................. ........ .................... .......... ..... 259 vi 1. Burlesque et épopées galantes .... .. ...................................... ......................................... 260 2. La Fable comme ornement et les amours des dieux .................................................... 267 3. Un imaginaire ovidien ......................... .............. ....................... .......................... ..........279 CHAPITRE III AMOUR GALANT, AMOUR ROCAILLE .............................................................................. 285 1. Une conception sensualiste de l'amouL ...................................................................... .286 2. Une apologie de l'inconstance ........... ....................................................... ................... 297 3. De l'âge d'or pastoral aux plaisirs de Bacchus ............................................................ 307 QUATRIÈME PARTIE SCÉNOGRAPHIES MONDAINES ET POSTURES D'AUTEUR CHAPITRE I LA POÉSIE DE CIRCONSTANCE ......................................................... ............................... 322 1. Une poésie fugitive ...................................................................................................... 325 2. Esthétisation du quotidien et phénomènes de mode ............................................... ..... 329 3. Vers de société et galanterie nouvelle ................................. ......................................... 340 CHAPITRE II SCÉNOGRAPHIES GALANTES AU xvme SIÈCLE. ............................................................ 348 1. Poésie mondaine et divertissement de société: l'exemple de Sceaux ......................... 349 2. Les jeux d'esprit. .......................................................................................................... 358 3. Écriture de l'oralité et réflexivité .. ............................................................................... 370 4. L'apport féminin à l'esthétique galante et l'éloge de la frivolité ................................. 384 CHAPITRE III POSTURES DE L'AUTEUR GALANT .. ...................... .......................................................... 404 1. L'auteur amateur ......................................................................... .. ............................... 407 2. L'auteur de métier ... .. .... ............................................................................................... 413 CONCLUSION...................... ................ .......................................................................... 422 vii BIBLIOGRAPHIE ........................................................................................................... 429 ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................... 455 INTRODUCTION Au moment où paraît la première partie de la Légende des siècles en 1859, les frères Goncourt publient, quant
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