District Council

2020 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

April 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Council

Local Authority Nicola Shepherd, Declan Goodwin, Officer David Gould Department Environmental Services Council Offices, Desford Road, Narborough, Address , LE19 2EP Telephone 0116 275 0555

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference ASR 2020 number Date April 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Blaby District Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Blaby District

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

Blaby District Council has five Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs). All were declared after monitoring (where indicated), or modelling, indicated an exceedance of the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide, of 40μg/m3. These AQMAs can be viewed at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=19 and are currently as follows:

 AQMA 1: A5460 Narborough Road South

 AQMA 2: M1 corridor in Enderby and Narborough

 AQMA 3: M1 corridor between Thorpe Astley and

 AQMA 4B: Enderby Road, Whetstone

 AQMA 6: Mill Hill, Enderby (monitoring)

The 2019 ASR contained proposals for reducing the size of AQMAs 2, 3 and 4B. Following submission of that report in November 2019, consultation with relevant stakeholders has been completed and a decision is due to be made in May 2020.

Blaby District Council has a strong drive to continue its air quality activities, both monitoring and taking action to reduce levels of airborne pollutants. Elected Members and Senior Managers are actively engaged in supporting our work. The Environmental Services department are responsible for air quality, environmental

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 i Blaby District Council permitting, climate change, the licensing of Hackney Carriages and Private Hire Vehicles, and the operation of car parks. This allows these areas of work to be taken forward together in a climate of shared knowledge. Health, Leisure, and Tourism Services are part of the same Group, and have a close working relationship with Environmental Services, helping to deliver a programme of action funded by Air Quality Grant. Other teams in the Council provide support, including planning services and planning policy services. Air Quality features in the Local Plan, and is appropriately dealt with as a potential constraint for certain planning applications. Section 106 funds have been secured from several approved developments.

Blaby District Council continues to work closely with all authorities, including Leicester City Council, Leicestershire County Council (various sections including highways and transportation, public health, and sustainability), Highways , the Environment Agency, and Public Health England. It also plays an active role on the Steering Group for the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) for air quality. Blaby District Council also has an active role in the Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland Air Quality Forum and is a member of the Air Quality Network. Both of these bodies improve the sharing of information and aid consistency of approach.

In addition to operating its own air quality monitoring stations, Blaby District Council also manages Leicestershire County Council’s Air Quality Monitoring Station, Blaby 4.

Monitoring data shows that generally within the AQMAs the concentrations of pollutants are decreasing. The bias correction used for the diffusion tube data in 2019 for the laboratory that analyses our diffusion tubes is only based on 1 co- location study (Marylebone Road). It is acknowledged therefore that this adjustment factor should be used with caution (in accordance with national guidance) https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/national-bias.html . The diffusion tube data show noticeably lower levels of nitrogen dioxide when compared to the results for 2018, and indicates that there have been no exceedances of the Air Quality Objective for nitrogen dioxide.

AQMA 6 is an area where high levels have been observed since declaration. Although the diffusion tube data has not shown any exceedances, one of the tubes on Hall Walk, Enderby was still found to be high. There has also been a decrease at

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 ii Blaby District Council a number of other monitoring locations within AQMA 6 throughout 2019, including CM5. The results are encouraging, though further monitoring of this area is necessary to identify whether the improvement in nitrogen dioxide levels continues in 2020. Additional monitoring was introduced in Enderby parish in 2020 to monitor levels further west of the AQMA boundary and results will be reported in the ASR 2021.

Monitoring data in 2018 had indicated increasing concentrations in Glenfield Village Centre. Monitoring continued and was extended in Glenfield for 2019 with the addition of further diffusion tubes. Glenfield has seen elevated levels in 2019; though the levels of nitrogen dioxide were lower than when monitoring began. This may be due to the bias correction applied. The monitoring locations in Glenfield have been revised for 2020 which is important to identify if the reduction in levels continue to improve, as well as the extent of the elevated levels. A decision was made to move the continuous monitoring station (CM1) currently located on Packhorse Drive, where results have consistently fallen below national air quality objectives for the last 3 years, to Glenfield to gather more accurate data about the pollution levels. This will aid in future decisions on AQMA declaration.

No other monitoring location around the district recorded an exceedance of Air Quality Objectives in 2019.

Monitored levels continue to be well below national air quality objectives around the proposed revised boundary of AQMA 1. Although we still propose to reduce the size of this AQMA, we will retain it for the present, due to road infrastructure proposals and traffic related to developments that may impact upon it.

Additional monitoring was carried out for AQMA 2, AQMA 3 and AQMA 4B and results for 2019 continue to be stable and again well below Air Quality Objectives. Following submission of the ASR 2019, consultation with relevant stakeholders was completed with regard to AQMA boundary restrictions and a decision is due in May 2020. This will allow the reallocation of resources to monitor other areas within the District, namely and Glenfield.

New monitoring locations were introduced in 2019 to include the villages of Stoney Stanton, Thorpe Astley, , , and Aston Firs (near Sapcote). The basis for additional monitoring was made in response to concerns

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iii Blaby District Council raised by elected members and the potential for additional industry, including a national rail freight terminal (subject to planning permission approval).

Elevated levels were found at one of the monitoring locations on New Road in Stoney Stanton. A decision was made to move the continuous monitoring station, currently located in AQMA 3, to this village. This will be relocated in 2020 and reported on in ASR 2021.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

A significant project to encourage active travel and car use reduction, targeting schools and then local businesses within and around the District’s AQMA’s is being delivered by Blaby District Council, partly in partnership with Leicestershire County Council. This project engages most of the schools in the District, together with some businesses close to Junction 21 of the M1. There are a number of strands to the project, including ‘Beat The Street’, a game over 6 weeks that encourages behavioural change. The project is funded by Air Quality Grant. Blaby District Council funded an expansion of this project to include all of the primary schools in the district.

Blaby District Council was awarded a further Air Quality Grant of £123,378 for 2020/21, to deliver further work on behavioural change, and monitoring the impact of that work using low cost monitors. Due to the current closure of schools and businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic, a delayed start for this new behavioural work has been agreed with DEFRA until September 2020. The monitoring may commence before then, should circumstances permit.

The quality and breadth of the monitoring data collected has been improved and is being used to better target effective actions. The monitoring undertaken by Blaby District Council, using continuous monitors and diffusion tubes, is now being supplemented with low cost monitors.

An Air Quality Strategy for 2018 – 2021 was adopted by Blaby District Council in July 2018, which contains a number of actions centred on 5 themes, intended to improve air quality: https://w3.blaby.gov.uk/decisionmaking/documents/s35225/Appendix%20A%20- %20Air%20Quality%20Strategy%20v1.pdf

This strategy continues to be implemented.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iv Blaby District Council

Work continued in 2019 on a new Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) to replace the current the AQAP 2014. It is recognised that this is does not reflect the current Air Quality situation within Blaby District. Many of the actions in the 2014 AQAP have either been delivered, or found not to be viable, as shown in Table 2.2. In the intervening years, AQMA 5 has been revoked, and AQMA 1 reduced in size. There are currently proposals to reduce the size of AQMAs 2, 3 and 4B. The AQAP is intended to address exceedances of Air Quality Objectives in declared AQMAs. It is reasonable to delay the new AQAP until the outcome of the proposals is known. Work also continues on understanding the air quality issues in AQMA 6, which will help shape the actions relating to this area. In contrast, the Air Quality Strategy, as described above, contains measures intended to improve air quality on a more widespread basis. The relationship of the measures in the Strategy and the emerging AQAP needs to be clear. It may be that both the Strategy and AQAP are produced in one document. A draft of the document is due to be available for consultation by autumn 2020.

Conclusions and Priorities

Monitoring will continue within all of the existing AQMAs. AQMAs 1 and 6 are to be retained; AQMAs 2, 3 and 4B are proposed to be reduced in size to reflect the monitoring results. Consultation with relevant stakeholders has been completed and a decision is due in May 2020.

Work will continue to develop a new Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) to replace the current AQAP 2014. It is recognised that this is does not reflect the current Air Quality situation within Blaby District.

Blaby District Council will continue to work closely with stakeholders, as described above and regard air quality as a high priority.

Work will continue on delivering deliver projects on behaviour change through 2020 including ‘Beat the Street’. The impact of this work will be monitored with the use of low cost monitors.

Work also continues on understanding the air quality issues in AQMA 6, which will help shape the actions relating to this area.

Other priorities include further monitoring in the villages of Glenfield and Stoney Stanton, which has been extended to include a wider area, as elevated levels of

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 v Blaby District Council nitrogen dioxide have been found over the last 2 years. The levels have shown a reduction this year, which may be accounted for by the bias correction factor, but further analysis will be undertaken to understand the results and to identify if this is a continual trend. It is hoped that the movement of the continuous monitoring stations to both areas will help identify a more accurate picture of pollution levels in both locations.

Other locations will continue to be monitored in 2020, including Thorpe Astley, Sapcote, Elmesthorpe, Kirby Muxloe and Aston Firs, in response to concerns raised by elected members. A few of the villages are located near to a proposed Rail Freight facility. The planning process application is expected later in 2020. It was felt that background levels would be important to aid the consideration of the proposal.

A review of monitoring locations takes place annually and the removal of a number of diffusion tubes where low levels have been consecutively identified.

The Air Quality Strategy will continue to be implemented.

Local Engagement and How to get involved

The Council works closely with other stakeholders and continues to play a lead role in the Air Quality Forum for Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland, and the East Midlands Air Quality Network, attending regular meetings, sharing best practice and providing updates on air quality within the District (as described on page iii above).

Members of the public can help improve the air quality by participating in one of the many alternatives to personal car transport, i.e. park and ride bus schemes, car sharing, buses, walking and cycling. Blaby District Council has recently launched an active travel campaign to encourage those who travel to local schools and businesses to travel more sustainably. This will include the monitoring of air quality at several schools within the District in order to identify any link between sustainable travel and air quality.

Officers continue to work closely with local parishes, residents and elected members, providing updates on monitoring results and continuing to identify areas of potential air quality problem through presentations at member meetings and other local events.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 vi Blaby District Council

Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in Blaby District ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... iv Conclusions and Priorities ...... v Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... vi 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Blaby District ...... 5

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 10 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 133 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 13 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 13 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 13 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 14

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 14

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 16

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 16 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 17 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019 ...... 33 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 36 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 40 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 58 Glossary of Terms ...... 59 References ...... 60

List of Tables Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas……………………………………3 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality………………………………9 Table A.1 - Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 17 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 18 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 22 Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 277

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 vii Blaby District Council

Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results...... 28 Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results………………………………….30 Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results…………………………………………………...31 Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019 ...... 333 Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 58

List of Figures

Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations ...... 266 Figure A.2 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 ConcentrationsError! Bookmark not defined.9 Figure A.3 – Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations ...... 29 Figure 1 – AQMA 1: A5460 Narborough Road South………………………...………..41 Figure 2 – AQMA 2: M1 corridor in Enderby and Narborough………………………...42 Figure 3 – AQMA 3: M1 corridor between Thorpe Astley and Leicester Forest East.43 Figure 4 – AQMA 4B: Enderby Road, Whetstone………………………………………44 Figure 5 – AQMA 6: Mill Hill, Enderby……………………………………………...…….45 Figure 6 – Coventry Road, …………………………………………………….46 Figure 7 – Croft Road, Cosby……………………………………………………………..47 Figure 8 – Overdale Avenue, Glenfield (Former AQMA5)……………………………..48 Figure 9 – Glenfield Village………………………………………………………………..49 Figure 10 – New Bridge Road and Leicester Road, ……………………...50 Figure 11 – Stoney Stanton Village………………………………………………………51 Figure 12 – Sapcote Village……..………………………………………………………...52 Figure 13 – Elmesthorpe Railway Bridge……………………………….……………….53 Figure 14 – Murby Way, Thorpe Astley………………………………….……………….54 Figure 15 – Lubbesthorpe Way, Thorpe Astley..……………………….……………….55 Figure 16 – Desford Road, Kirby Muxloe.……………………………….……………….56 Figure 17 – Aston Firs, near Sapcote..………………………………….……………….57

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 viii Blaby District Council

1 Local Air Quality Management

This report provides an overview of air quality in Blaby District during 2019. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Blaby District Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 1 Blaby District Council

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by Blaby District Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local- authorities?la_id=19

Alternatively, see Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMA(s).

We have no proposals to make any further revisions to our AQMAs, beyond those outlined in the 2019 ASR.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 2 Blaby District Council

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas

Is air quality Level of Exceedance in the AQMA (maximum Pollutants influenced monitored/modelled Action Plan Date of AQMA and Air City / One Line by roads concentration at a location Declara Name Quality Town Description controlled of relevant exposure) tion Objectives by At Date of Highways Now Name Link Declaration Publication England? Declare https://w3. d Residential blaby.gov. AQMA 1: Septem properties along uk/decisio Air A5460 ber NO2 Brauns a small section of n- Quality Narboroug 2000; Annual tone Narborough NO 50 µg/m3 23 µg/m3 2014 making/ie Action h Road Amende Mean Town Road South to DecisionD Plan 2014 South d the extent of etails.aspx January Blaby District ?AIId=114 2018 73 https://w3. Residential blaby.gov. AQMA 2: Enderb Declare properties uk/decisio M1 corridor y and Air d NO2 adjacent to the n- in Enderby Narbor Quality Septem Annual M1, between YES 50 µg/m3 31 µg/m3 2014 making/ie and ough Action ber Mean around 1.5 km DecisionD Narboroug Parish Plan 2014 2000 and 3 km south etails.aspx h es of Junction 21. ?AIId=114 73

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 3 Blaby District Council

https://w3. Thorpe Declare Residential blaby.gov. AQMA 3: Astley d properties uk/decisio M1 corridor and Septem adjacent to the Air n- between NO2 Leicest ber M1 and A47 Quality making/ie Thorpe Annual er YES 62 µg/m3 38 µg/m3 2014 2000; between Thorpe Action DecisionD Astley and Mean Forest Amende Astley and Plan 2014 etails.aspx Leicester East d April Leicester Forest ?AIId=114 Forest East Parish 2005 East 73 es

https://w3. blaby.gov. uk/decisio AQMA 4B: Residential Air n- Declare NO2 Whetst Enderby properties along Quality making/ie d April Annual one NO 50 µg/m3 28 µg/m3 2014 Road, Enderby Road, Action DecisionD 2005 Mean Parish Whetstone Whetstone Plan 2014 etails.aspx ?AIId=114 73

https://w3. blaby.gov. uk/decisio Declare Residential n- AQMA6: NO2 Enderb Air plan d properties along making/ie Mill Hill, Annual y NO 43 µg/m3 37 µg/m3 being January Hall Walk and DecisionD Enderby Mean Parish drafted 2018 Mill Hill, Enderby etails.aspx ?AIId=114 73

☒ Blaby District Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 4 Blaby District Council

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Blaby District

Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded that the report was well structured and comprehensive, and provided information specified in the Guidance. Based on the evidence provided by the local authority the conclusions reached were acceptable for all sources and pollutants and that an Annual Status Report should be submitted in 2020. The following comments from the appraisal and how they are being addressed are detailed as follows. 1. This is a clearly written report that examines and reports on each AQMA in detail. Response: Comment welcomed. 2. The report highlights that an extensive review has been undertaken of each AQMA to determine whether it should be amended or revoked. Consequently, AQMA 1 has been amended in 2018; AQMA’s 2 and 3 are to be retained but reduced in size to focus on areas within 10% of the Air Quality Objective and AQMA 4b is to be reduced in size. AQMA 6 was

declared in 2018 for NO2 annual exceedances. Monitoring has been reviewed within each AQMA. This is supported and an update on each AQMA should be provided in the next ASR. Response: An update on each ASR is provided in this document 3. The 2014 AQAP for these AQMA’s should be updated as it is now 5 years old to reflect these changes and should be reported on in the next ASR. Response: Work continued in 2019 on a new Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) to replace the current the AQAP 2014. It is recognised that this is does not reflect the current Air Quality situation within Blaby District. Many of the actions in the 2014 AQAP have either been delivered, or found not to be viable, as shown in Table 2.2. In the intervening years, AQMA 5 has been revoked, and AQMA 1 reduced in size. There are currently proposals to reduce the size of AQMAs 2, 3 and 4B. The AQAP is intended to address exceedances of Air Quality

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 5 Blaby District Council

Objectives in declared AQMAs. It is reasonable to delay the new AQAP until the outcome of the proposals is known. 4. A new AQMA was declared for Mill Hill, Enderby in January 2018. The Action Plan for this AQMA should be reported on in the next ASR. Response: Work continued in 2019 on an Action Plan for this AQMA. A relief road is proposed as part of a planning application nearby, which would address some of the air quality issues. However this application is still being considered and it would seem appropriate to wait for the outcome of this application before publishing the Action Plan. Other assessment work is continuing to inform possible actions. 5. The council are reminded to complete all columns in table 2.2 as much as possible to indicate progress, active projects and other key information. Response: Table 2.2 in this document has entries in all cells 6. The report indicates that there are three exceedances of the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide, in AQMA 3 (CM4 – 47.6 µg/m3), AQMA 6 (DT4 – 47.1 µg/m3) and DT65 (41.8 µg/m3). If DT65 persists the council should consider making this an AQMA. Response: We recognise that exceedances have been reported at DT65, though the result for 2019 shows a reduction. This is considered to be as a result of the bias correction applied. Further work is proposed in 2020 to undertake further monitoring including the movement of the Continuous Monitoring Station currently located in AQMA 2 where results have seen consistent levels below national air quality standards. This will give the council further evidence to be able to consider declaring a new AQMA. 7. There is an error in the excel sheets on table 2.1 which suggests that the new AQMA 6 is included in the 2014 AQAP and in table A.3 which suggests CM4 has a concentration of 47.3 µg/m3 not 47.6 µg/m3. Response: This has now been corrected throughout the report to read 47.3 µg/m3.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 6 Blaby District Council

8. Comparison to the Air Quality Objective is detailed in text but could be improved by adding a line in the trend graphs to show the Air Quality Objective. Response: The Charts contained within the ASR showing the results for this 2019 have been updated to show the Air Quality Comparison to the Air Quality Objective 9. An additional tube could be co-located with CM5 which would allow the Council to derive their own local bias factor. Response: This is accepted. However, having followed the advice in the technical guidance, the national bias factor, rather than a local one is considered more appropriate to our monitoring. Further information is included in Annex C to this document.

It is noted that the draft Air Quality Strategy makes very strong links between air quality and Public Health. This is supported.

Blaby District Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2019 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.

More detail on these measures can be found in the Air Quality Action Plan 2014. Key completed measures are:

 The completion of the noise barrier by Highways England in AQMA 2;

The principal challenges and barriers to implementation that Blaby District Council anticipates facing are:

 That the current Air Quality Action Plan, adopted in 2014, no longer accurately reflects the situation in the Blaby District, in terms of monitored levels and the practicalities of several of the actions within it. A replacement Action Plan is being developed but needs to be informed by decisions about the size of the AQMAs and the latest monitoring data;

Blaby District Council’s priorities for the coming year are to continue to develop and finalise the new Air Quality Action Plan, updating the 2014 document, including AQMA6. Blaby District Council will continue to implement the Air Quality Strategy.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 7 Blaby District Council

An action in 2014 Air Quality Action Plan has been included in the Air Quality Strategy. The remaining Actions have been found to be difficult to take forward for the reasons provided in Table 2.2.

Since 2014, when the current Air Quality Action Plan was adopted, the declared AQMAs have been reviewed in the light of monitoring results, together with relevant existing or potential sources of Nitrogen Dioxide (e.g. proposed road schemes or significant proposed developments). This review of declared AQMAs has been important to ensure that the revised Air Quality Action Plan is properly focussed, the degree of protection afforded by the actions in the adopted Air Quality Strategy will also be important.

As previously reported, AQMA 5 was revoked and AQMA 1 has been reduced in area.

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Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Reduction in Estimated / Date Comments / EU Organisations Funding Key Performance Pollutant / Actual Measure No. Measure EU Category Measure Progress to Date Barriers to Classification involved Source Indicator Emission from Completion Introduced implementation Measure Date Highways England UTC, are unable to Blaby District Reduction in Would depend on Other constraints inc. Smart Traffic Congestion Not Not implement project Not available at 1 Council, Highways Nitrogen Dioxide the type of scheme width of available Motorways Management management, introduced applicable on this section of present England emissions implemented motorway traffic reduction M1 due to other constraints UTC, Blaby District Reduction in Would depend on Highways England Traffic Congestion Not Not Unable to Project will not be 2 Chevrons Council, Highways Nitrogen Dioxide the type of scheme view chevrons as an Management management, introduced applicable implement implemented England emissions implemented unnecessary asset traffic reduction Measure may be Reducing Reduction of Blaby District Reduction in up to 2 introduced as Constraints on Smart Traffic Not Not Unable to 3 Speed speed limits, Council, Highways Nitrogen Dioxide microgrammes per part of a future Motorway (see Management introduced applicable implement Limits 20mph zones England emissions cubic metre scheme (e.g. above) Smart Motorway) Reduction in Noise Traffic Highways Highways 7% at 28.5m from 4 Other 2019 Nitrogen Dioxide Project Completed 2019 Not applicable Barriers Management England England the barrier emissions Measure may be Blaby District Reduction in introduced as Constraints on Smart Catalytic Traffic Not Air Quality Unable to 5 Other Council, Highways Nitrogen Dioxide Imperceptible part of a future Motorway (see Paints Management introduced Grant implement England emissions scheme (e.g. above) Smart Motorway) Various including Blaby District section 106 Joint approach Variable Section 106 funds Council, Highways agreements Reduction in Would depend on between Message Public Via other Not for VMSs from 6 England, associated Nitrogen Dioxide the type of scheme 2021 Leicestershire County Signs Information mechanisms introduced Castle Acres Leicestershire with emissions implemented Council and Blaby (VMSs) development County Council appropriate District Council developme nts Training was delivered to Blaby Driver training Blaby District Reduction in Vehicle Fleet Air Quality 5% in vehicle District Council staff 7 Eco Driving and ECO 2015 Council, external Nitrogen Dioxide Project completed Efficiency Grant emissions Poor take-up when driving aids providers emissions training offered to businesses in 2016 Blaby District Council, Roadside Reduction in Project not Vehicle Fleet Testing Vehicle Not Leicestershire Air Quality Project will not be High staffing 8 Emissions Nitrogen Dioxide Imperceptible implemented due to Efficiency Emissions introduced County Council, Grant implemented demands Testing emissions resourcing issues Police if mandatory Air Quality Blaby District Transport Grant and Reduction in Tree Not Council, Measure included in Not available at Issues of future asset 9 Planning and Other possibly Nitrogen Dioxide Imperceptible Planting introduced Leicestershire Air Quality Strategy present management Infrastructure other emissions County Council external

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2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Blaby District Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5:

Monitoring

 Two of the continuous monitors record concentrations of particulate matter pollution. One is located within AQMA 2: M1 corridor in Enderby and Narborough, and one was moved to Mill Hill, Enderby in February 2016. Both

collect quantitative and continuous data of PM10; a correction factor can be

used to give an approximate expected PM2.5 measurement. The current draft

of the Council’s Air Quality Strategy includes an action point to monitor PM2.5 at a location in the District, if practicable.

 The continuous monitoring station (CM5) located in AQMA6 has been altered

measure PM2.5 through the fitting of a sharp cut cyclone head. Furthermore, Blaby District Council has purchased 2 low cost sensors which will be strategically placed along the AQMA to consider the possible canyon effects of

the area. These sensors will monitor levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3, representing newly monitored pollutants for the District. The research is being conducted by a member of the Environmental Services Team and will be supplemented by submission of a formal MSc dissertation.

A four-month survey was undertaken in and around the Croft Quarry site to determine if there was a significant issue in regards to particulate matter pollution. The survey commenced in February 2017 and used six Frisbee style collection gauges placed around the site and close to receptors to gain information on the distribution of materials and provide indicative levels of pollution. A Partisol analyser was located at the nearest receptor, and collected data and samples of particulates for analysis for both PM10 and PM2.5. Appropriate samples from both types of analysers were collected and analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 10 Blaby District Council

Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS) to determine particle size type and frequency.

Control of sources

The Environmental Services Team of Blaby District Council is responsible for operating the Environmental Permitting Regime (EPR) in the District. We currently permit a number of mobile crushers and screeners, a quarry, and several cement related processes. We will use the EPR regime to reduce emissions of dusty materials emitted from such processes. In addition the Environmental Services Team provides advice to the Development Services Team in relation to planning applications. The construction and demolition phases associated with proposed developments are potential sources of PM2.5. Where appropriate, we will recommend controls over dust. Any new point sources that have a potential to contribute to levels of PM2.5 will be assessed and controlled. The section of the District termed as the Principle Urban Area (PUA) is covered by Smoke Control Areas (SCAs). The SCAs are enforced where reports of visible smoke are received.

The following is an extract from the current draft of the Air Quality Strategy, which was adopted by Council on the 24th July 2018:

Theme 3 – Air Quality and Public Health

In line with the recommendations in the Air Quality: A Briefing for Directors of Public Health, Defra, PHE, and LGA. March 2017, work is taking place with partners to improve air quality in Leicestershire.

During 2018/19 Leicestershire County Council Public Health has stated that it will work with key stakeholders, including Blaby District Council, to develop a Public Health Partnership Action Plan for Air Quality. The key elements will include:

 Gaining a better understanding of air pollution across Leicestershire and the impact it has on health. For example mapping areas of poor air quality against hospital admissions for conditions that are exacerbated by poor air quality to enable targeting of action.

 Engaging local decision makers about air pollution. This includes developing a strong strategic focus; championing action by all stakeholders, undertaking Health Impact Assessments / Health In All Policies approach to influence major developments and policies that may impact on air quality; promoting the co-

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 11

Blaby District Council

benefits of actions that tackle air pollution for example promoting active travel, and the use of green spaces

 Communicating with the public on the short and long term impacts of air pollution. As well as providing information and mitigating immediate risks, this should be done to help empower local people to take individual action to reduce the production of air pollutants (active travel, good driving habits, using cleaner vehicles etc.)

The Action Plan will consider the evidence based for cost-effective interventions recommendation to tackle air pollution including for example NICE Guidance: Air pollution: outdoor air quality and health (NG70) 2017. This includes recommendations related to:

 Planning and Development Management

 Clean Air Zones

 Reducing emissions from public sector transport services and vehicle fleets (driver training and vehicle procurement)

 Smooth driving and speed reduction

 Walking and cycling

 Awareness raising including for vulnerable groups.

Actions for this Theme:

1. Be an active member of the Air Quality Public Health Partnership developed by Leicestershire County Council Public Health;

2. Implement a project of working with schools and businesses in the District to reduce the impact of the traffic associated with them using the awarded Defra funding

3. Develop an approach to addressing PM2.5, which builds on that stated in the 2017 Annual Status Report

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 12 Blaby District Council

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

Blaby District Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at 4 sites during 2019. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. National monitoring results are available at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=19

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

Data capture was good at CM1, CM3 and CM4. However, at CM2, the NOx analyser and PM10 analyser had capture rates of 73% and 70% respectively, requiring annualisation for the data to be deemed representative. Problems with the continuous monitoring stations were due to occasional power outages and analyser software problems. Measures have since been put into place for monitoring year 2020, including regular checks to back office systems and increased staff training for calibrations and station repairs. Digital loggers have now been installed at all automatic monitoring sites in order to address the loss of data.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Blaby District Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 52 sites during 2019. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 13 Blaby District Council 3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias4, “annualisation” (where the data capture falls below 75%), and distance correction5. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the Air Quality Objective of 40µg/m3. The concentration data presented in Table A.3 represents the concentration at the location of the monitoring site, following the application of bias adjustment and annualisation, as required (i.e. the values are exclusive of any consideration to fall-off with distance adjustment).

For diffusion tubes, the full 2019 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. Note that the concentration data presented in Table B.1 includes distance corrected values, only where relevant.

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.

Monitoring data shows that generally within the AQMAs the concentrations of pollutants are decreasing. The bias correction used for the diffusion tube data in 2019 is only based on 1 study at Marylebone Road. The diffusion tube data shows noticeably lower levels of nitrogen dioxide than was anticipated, when compared to the results for 2018, and has meant that there have been no recorded exceedances of NO2 annual mean concentration in 2019. It is acknowledged therefore that this adjustment factor should be used with caution.

No monitoring result had an annual mean greater than 60µg/m3, which would indicate that an exceedance of the 1-hour mean Air Quality Objective has not occurred

DT 4 (Groom Lodge, Hall Walk) produced of figure of 37µg/m3, a reduction of 10 µg/m3 on the 2018 data. This diffusion tube is located within AQMA 6 and is at a relevant exposure being situated directly alongisde a residential property to simulate

4 https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/bias-adjustment.html 5 Fall-off with distance correction criteria is provided in paragraph 7.77, LAQM.TG(16)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 14 Blaby District Council the building façade. It is located in close proximity to CM5 which in this monitoring year fell below the exceedance at 31µg/m3. Whilst these two sites are not co-located, the diffusion tube is directly adjacent to the road and therefore would be expected to have a slightly higher reading. Neither of these sites produced means greater than 60µg/m3 indicating there was unlikely to be an exceedance of the 1-hour mean objective.

Although not an exceedance, elevated levels were identified in the village of Glenfield. DT65 (Stamford Street) with an annual mean concentration of 33µg/m3. The result for this location may perhaps be owed to the bias correction factor applied in this report. Previous monitoring in this location has identified elevated levels. The location is uphill of a busy roundabout within the village. Another arm of that roundabout leads to Optimus Point, a large warehouse and distribution centre, which may bring air quality impacts, even though the majority of vehicles from that development have direct access to the A46 Leicester Western Bypass. Monitoring will continue throughout 2020 to evaluate whether the results are a continued trend. Additional diffusion tubes have been added in Glenfield to assess whether there are likely to be further potential areas of exceedances.The relocation of CM3 from AQMA 3 to Glenfield later in 2020 will help ensure that accurate and reflective results will be obtained to aid in the consideration of an AQMA for the area.

CM4 (Hinckley Road, Leicester Forest East) has seen high levels of nitrogen dioxide for the last 4 years, with a peak noted in 2016 at 50 µg/m3. The results were found to be elevated again this year though it was noted that the results were marginally less that the air quality objective at 39 µg/m3. The site lies in close proximity to a busy crossroads within AQMA 3. This site lies directly adjacent to one of the main roads into Leicester City centre and has high volumes of traffic throughout the day. Data capture was found to be good at 76%. The entire AQMA will be considered in the revised Air Quality Action Plan with regards to measures to improve air quality within the area.

Elevated levels have been previously found at the monitoring location on New Road in Stoney Stanton; although the reported concentration was lower than expected when compared to 2018. As previously discussed, it is likely due to the bias correction factor applied. The area will continue to be monitored in 2020, with the addition of CM1 currently located in AQMA 2. The levels in AQMA 2 have been

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 15 Blaby District Council falling over the last few years and it was decided that it would be more appropriate to focus resources on areas of elevated results and those closer to the Air Quality Objective. The relocation of this continuous monitoring station to Stoney Stanton will also enable more accurate results to be established.

No monitoring locations within the District have recorded exceedances of the Air Quality Objectives in respect of nitrogen dioxide. Table 3.1 below summarises the results and the subsequent actions.

All diffusion tube raw means were bias adjusted using a national bias adjustment factor of 0.78. Annualisation was required for two diffusion tubes (DT72 and DT78) as data capture rates were below 75%.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.

There have been no exceedances of PM10 air quality obejctives at either of our sites that monitor this pollutant. Recorded levels are well below exceedance at 12 and 17 3 µg/m for CM1 and CM5 respectively. It is evident from Table A.5 that PM10 levels for CM1 are at an all time low for the location. The levels add evidence to support the decision to relocate the monitoring stationto Stoney Stanton. Data for both sites has been ratified. Annualisation was required at CM5 as the data capture was 70.1%.

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Table A.7 in Appendix A presents the ratified and adjusted monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years, derived from the PM10 monitoring results, in accordance with the guidance. There appears to be no clear trend with these results. Levels in 2019 were slightly higher than 2018, but lower than 2017. The direct monitoring of PM2.5 at CM5 (Mill Hill) in 2020 should provide more accurate results than relying on a derived result.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 16 Blaby District Council

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Distance Distance to kerb X OS Y OS Grid to Pollutants In Monitoring of Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Ref Relevant Inlet Height (m) Monitored AQMA? Technique nearest (Easting) (Northing) Exposure (1) road (m) (m) (2)

Blaby 1 Chemiluminescent; CM1 (Packhorse Roadside 454482 298573 NO2; PM10 YES Gravimetric 12.6 0.65 3 Drive) (TEOM) Blaby 3 CM3 (Hinckley Roadside 453185 303310 NO2 YES Chemiluminescent 38 0.1 1.5 Road, LFE) Blaby 4 CM4 (Hinckley Roadside 453492 303315 NO2 YES Chemiluminescent 4 1 1.5 Road, LFE) Chemiluminescent; Blaby 2 (Mill CM5 Roadside 453594 299549 NO ; PM YES Gravimetric 4 1 1.5 Hill, Enderby) 2 10 (TEOM)

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 17 Blaby District Council

Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Grid Y OS Grid collocated Site Pollutants In Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Ref Ref with a Type Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (Easting) (Northing) (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser?

DT1 Kingsway Roadside 455970 301146 NO2 YES 11 1.5 NO 2.2 Hall Walk, DT4 Roadside 453606 299557 NO2 NO 0 1.5 NO 1.8 Moores Lane 204 Leicester DT5 Road, Glen Roadside 457011 299627 NO2 NO 21.6 3.4 NO 1.8 Parva DT9 Branting Hill Roadside 453735 307234 NO2 YES 15.9 1.6 NO 2.3 DT11 Nox Box A Other 454482 298573 NO2 YES 12.6 0.65 YES 2.7 DT12 Nox Box B Other 454482 298573 NO2 YES 12.6 0.65 YES 2.7 DT13 Nox Box C Other 454482 298573 NO2 YES 12.6 0.65 YES 2.7 1 Newbridge DT15 Other 456786 298547 NO2 NO 0 7.8 NO 2.8 Road The Cottage, DT16 Roadside 453220 304273 NO2 YES 15 5.4 NO 1.3 Ratby Lane St Andrews DT17 Church, Hinckley Roadside 453137 303321 NO2 YES 15 19.4 NO 1.8 Road 64 Packer DT18 Other 453488 303637 NO2 YES 0 22.7 NO 1.4 Avenue DT20 159 Enderby Rd Roadside 455819 297954 NO2 YES 0 4.7 NO 1.7 DT21 Enderby Rd Roadside 456148 297833 NO2 YES 11.1 2.7 NO 2.1 DT22 8 Coventry Road Roadside 448004 291660 NO2 NO 3.9 1 NO 2 DT25 7 Narborough Roadside 456470 301903 NO2 YES 0 7 NO 1.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 18 Blaby District Council

Road South Junction of DT26 Roadside 455817 297937 NO2 YES 15.5 2.2 NO 2 Victoria Rd DT29 258 Blaby Road Roadside 454988 298619 NO2 NO 0 15 NO 1.5 55 Hinckley DT30 Roadside 448481 293549 NO2 NO 19.3 2.3 NO 1.8 Road, Sapcote 5 Hinckley Road, DT31 Roadside 448876 293447 NO2 NO 0 1.9 NO 1.8 Sapcote DT32 CO-OP Croft Rd Roadside 454554 294803 NO2 NO 2.3 1.5 NO 1.9 2 Narborough DT35 Roadside 456521 301896 NO2 YES 0 13.2 NO 1.9 Rd. South Sapcote Working DT39 Roadside 448847 293462 NO2 NO 0 4.2 NO 1.8 Mens Club Conery Lane/ DT40 Roadside 453468 299737 NO2 NO 7.6 1.6 NO 1.9 Mill Hill Road DT41 9 Mill Hill Road Roadside 453439 299740 NO2 NO 0 3.8 NO 1.9 DT43 2 Blaby Rd Roadside 453780 299360 NO2 NO 1.4 1.35 NO 1.7 DT44 1 Mill Hill Rd Roadside 453706 299455 NO2 NO 1.2 1.6 NO 1.8 98 Leicester Rd, DT48 Roadside 454519 298148 NO2 YES 0 8.7 NO 1.8 Enderby 10 Hall Walk, DT49 Roadside 453565 299609 NO2 YES 0 13 NO 2 Enderby 257 Hinckley DT51 Roadside 452234 302753 NO2 NO 0 11.3 NO 1.9 Road, LFE 2 Webb Close, DT53 Roadside 453648 302974 NO2 YES 6.8 2 NO 1.8 LFE 71 Hinckley Rd, DT54 Roadside 453592 303415 NO2 YES 0 32.9 NO 1.5 LFE Avalon, 9 DT56 Roadside 454079 303535 NO2 YES 0 20 NO 1.8 Hinckley Rd, LFE 6 Ratby Lane, DT57 Roadside 454096 303599 NO2 NO 12.1 2.4 NO 1.7 LFE DT58 122 Enderby Rd, Roadside 455995 297859 NO2 YES 0 17.2 NO 1.7

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 19 Blaby District Council

Whetstone 92 Leicester Rd, DT61 Roadside 454434 297987 NO2 YES 0 14.7 NO 1.8 Narborough Millfield School, DT63 Other 455381 301453 NO2 NO 29 21.8 NO 2.2 Braunstone 3 Kirby Road, DT64 Roadside 453622 306039 NO2 NO 0 2 NO 1.9 Glenfield 11 Stamford DT65 Roadside 306077 453788 NO2 NO 0 1.9 NO 1.5 Street, Glenfield The Balk, DT66 Roadside 306184 453834 NO2 NO 17.3 9 NO 2 Glenfield Birch Lane, DT67 Roadside 305805 453265 NO2 NO 14.9 1.8 NO 1.5 Glenfield 45 Mill Hill, DT68 Roadside 299846 453281 NO2 YES 0 5.6 NO 1.8 Enderby Station Road, DT69 Roadside 447032 295877 NO2 NO 49.3 1.2 NO 1.8 Elmesthorpe 5 Murby Way, DT70 Roadside 454451 302150 NO2 NO 17.6 1.9 NO 1.8 Thorpe Astley 82 Westover DT71 Road, Thorpe Roadside 455061 302718 NO2 NO 4.5 2.5 NO 1.8 Astley 8 Neal Avenue, DT72 Roadside 455061 302883 NO2 NO 8.5 2.2 NO 1.8 Thorpe Astley New Road, DT73 Roadside 449036 294720 NO2 NO 11.1 2.3 NO 1.8 Stoney Stanton Broughton Road, DT74 Roadside 449105 294705 NO2 NO 3.3 2.7 NO 1.8 Stoney Stanton Long Street, DT75 Roadside 449080 294785 NO2 NO 1.4 1.2 NO 1.8 Stoney Stanton The Pines, Kirby DT76 Other 452184 304813 NO2 NO 0 24.5 NO 1.8 Muxloe The Chestnuts, DT77 Roadside 452309 304870 NO2 NO 0 12.2 NO 1.8 Kirby Muxloe DT78 Aston Firs, Blaby Roadside 446218 293831 NO2 NO 17 37.5 NO 1.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 20 Blaby District Council

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 21 Blaby District Council

Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data Valid 3 (3) (4) Capture NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Data Monitoring for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (Easting) (Northing) 2019 (%) Period (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (1)

CM1 454482 298573 Roadside Automatic 87.1 87.1 38.1 23 28.8 27 30.9 CM3 453185 303310 Roadside Automatic 97 97 26.8 44 25.4 27.6 24.8 CM4 453492 303315 Roadside Automatic 75.9 75.9 47.9 24.9 37.1 47.3 38.4 CM5 453594 299549 Roadside Automatic 72.7 72.7 - 24.9 42.4 38.3 30.9 Diffusion DT1 455970 301146 Roadside 100 100 25 34.7 32.8 30.8 25.1 Tube Diffusion DT4 453606 299557 Roadside 100 100 44 53.3 42.6 47.1 36.9 Tube Diffusion DT5 457011 299627 Roadside 83 83 17 22 - - 19.5 Tube Diffusion DT9 453735 307234 Roadside 100 100 19 28 24.8 25.8 19.4 Tube Diffusion DT11 454482 298573 Other 100 100 19 25.2 20 21.7 17.3 Tube Diffusion DT12 454482 298573 Other 100 100 20 24.7 20.2 20.9 17 Tube Diffusion DT13 454482 298573 Other 100 100 19 24 20.4 20.5 17.1 Tube Diffusion DT15 456786 298547 Other 100 100 14 23.4 20.3 20 16.4 Tube Diffusion DT16 453220 304273 Roadside 100 100 29 38.4 38.7 34.4 27.9 Tube Diffusion DT17 453137 303321 Roadside 100 100 20 26 24.5 25 19.6 Tube Diffusion DT18 453488 303637 Other 100 100 28 34.3 34.7 30.1 24.9 Tube Diffusion DT20 455819 297954 Roadside 100 100 21 27.8 26.8 25.7 20.6 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 22 Blaby District Council

Diffusion DT21 456148 297833 Roadside 100 100 19 23.3 21.7 22.2 17.2 Tube Diffusion DT22 448004 291660 Roadside 100 100 20 25.2 21.3 22.2 17.1 Tube Diffusion DT25 456470 301903 Roadside 100 100 22 29.4 28.2 29.4 23 Tube Diffusion DT26 455817 297937 Roadside 100 100 28 34.9 33.5 31.5 27.6 Tube Diffusion DT29 454988 298619 Roadside 100 100 16 21.9 21.8 20.5 16.5 Tube Diffusion DT30 448481 293549 Roadside 100 100 13 14.5 - - 15.4 Tube Diffusion DT31 448876 293447 Roadside 100 100 13 18.9 - - 16.4 Tube Diffusion DT32 454554 294803 Roadside 100 100 15 21.9 20.1 23.8 16.3 Tube Diffusion DT35 456521 301896 Roadside 100 100 22 30.1 27.3 26.1 22.2 Tube Diffusion DT39 448847 293462 Roadside 92 92 15 16.5 - - 15.8 Tube Diffusion DT40 453468 299737 Roadside 100 100 23 33.1 29.2 28.7 21.9 Tube Diffusion DT41 453439 299740 Roadside 100 100 24 37.3 31.2 32.1 26.3 Tube Diffusion DT43 453780 299360 Roadside 92 92 22 33.1 31.3 32.5 25.2 Tube Diffusion DT44 453706 299455 Roadside 100 100 23 32.2 29.8 33.4 24.2 Tube Diffusion DT48 454519 298148 Roadside 100 100 - - 35.5 34 25 Tube Diffusion DT49 453565 299609 Roadside 100 100 - - 35.6 22.8 18 Tube Diffusion DT51 452234 302753 Roadside 100 100 - - 22.6 22.4 18 Tube Diffusion DT53 453648 302974 Roadside 92 92 - - 19.8 22.5 16.6 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 23 Blaby District Council

Diffusion DT54 453592 303415 Roadside 100 100 - - 20.4 32.5 26.6 Tube Diffusion DT56 454079 303535 Roadside 100 100 - - 26.3 24.8 21 Tube Diffusion DT57 454096 303599 Roadside 100 100 - - 25.3 39 29.7 Tube Diffusion DT58 455995 297859 Roadside 100 100 - - 37.4 27.2 18.5 Tube Diffusion DT61 454434 297987 Roadside 100 100 - - 19.2 28.9 20.9 Tube Diffusion DT63 455381 301453 Other 92 92 - - 21.4 28.7 18.6 Tube Diffusion DT64 453622 306039 Roadside 100 100 - - 25.3 24.3 22.4 Tube Diffusion DT65 306077 453788 Roadside 100 100 - - - 25.4 32.9 Tube Diffusion DT66 306184 453834 Roadside 92 92 - - - 30.2 19.4 Tube Diffusion DT67 305805 453265 Roadside 92 92 - - - 41.8 18.4 Tube Diffusion DT68 299846 453281 Roadside 100 100 - - - 25.7 23.8 Tube Diffusion DT69 447032 295877 Roadside 92 92 - - - 26.3 16.7 Tube Diffusion DT70 454451 302150 Roadside 100 100 - - - 30.4 22 Tube Diffusion DT71 455061 302718 Roadside 100 100 - - - - 16.1 Tube Diffusion DT72 455061 302883 Roadside 33 33 - - - - 27.1 Tube Diffusion DT73 449036 294720 Roadside 100 100 - - - - 29 Tube Diffusion DT74 449105 294705 Roadside 100 100 - - - - 25.5 Tube Diffusion DT75 449080 294785 Roadside 92 92 - - - - 21.1 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 24 Blaby District Council

Diffusion DT76 452184 304813 Other 75 75 - - - - 11.4 Tube Diffusion DT77 452309 304870 Roadside 75 75 - - - - 17.5 Tube Diffusion DT78 446218 293831 Roadside 58 58 - - - - 31.5 Tube

☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Reported concentrations are those at the location of the monitoring site (bias adjusted and annualised, as required), i.e. prior to any fall-off with distance adjustment

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (4) Concentrations are those at the location of monitoring and not those following any fall-off with distance adjustment.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 25 Blaby District Council

Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations

Adapted from Table A.3

50

45

)

3 40

µg/m 35

30 2015

25 2016

Concentration(

2 2017 NO 20 2018

15 2019

AnnuealMean 10

5

0 CM1 CM3 CM4 CM5 Automatic Monitoring Station

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 26 Blaby District Council

Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Data Valid Data 3 (3) X OS Grid Y OS Grid NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Monitoring Capture for Capture Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Type Monitoring 2019 (%) (Easting) (Northing) (1) (2) Period (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

CM1 454482 298573 Roadside Automatic 87.1 87.1 0 0 0 0 0 CM3 453185 303310 Roadside Automatic 97 97 0 0 0 0 0 CM4 453492 303315 Roadside Automatic 75.9 75.9 0 0 5 1 0 CM5 453594 299549 Roadside Automatic 72.7 72.7 - 3 8 0 0

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 27 Blaby District Council

Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture for 3 (3) Valid Data Capture PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Monitoring Period (%) (2) (1) 2019 (%) (Easting) (Northing) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CM1 454482 298573 Roadside 87.1 87.1 15.8 12 14.8 11 11.8 CM5 453594 299549 Roadside 72.7 72.7 - 14 20.4 16 16.9

☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 28 Blaby District Council

Figure A.2 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations

Adapted from Table A.5

50

45

) 3 40

35

30

25 CM1 20 CM5

15

10 AnnualMean PM10 Concentration(µg/m 5

0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 29 Blaby District Council

Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS Y OS Grid Valid Data PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m Valid Data Capture for Site ID Grid Ref Ref Site Type (1) Capture 2019 Monitoring Period (%) (2) (Easting) (Northing) (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

CM1 454482 298573 Roadside 87.1 87.1 3 0 1 0 0 CM5 453594 299549 Roadside 72.7 72.7 - 1 3 0 0

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 30 Blaby District Council

Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Valid Data Capture for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type (1) Capture 2019 (%) Monitoring Period (%) (2) (Easting) (Northing) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

CM1 454482 298573 Roadside - - 11.1 8.4 10.4 7.7 8.3 CM5 453594 299549 Roadside - - - 9.8 14.3 11.2 11.8

PM2.5 is not currently monitored and concentrations have been estimated from PM10 results with a conversion factor applied.

☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 31 Blaby District Council

Figure A.3 – Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations

Adapted from Table A.7

30

) 3

25

20

Concentration(µg/m

2.5 15 CM1 CM5 10

5 Estimated AnnualMean PM

0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 32 Blaby District Council

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019

Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results – 2019

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean

X OS Y OS Grid Bias Distance Site ID Grid Ref Ref Adjusted Corrected (Easting) (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw (0.78) and to Nearest Data Annualised Exposure (1) (2)

DT1 455970 301146 45 37 31 33 23 26 20 23 32 39 41 37 32.3 25.1 DT4 453606 299557 60 53 47 44 46 43 39 34 48 50 61 42 47.3 36.9 DT5 457011 299627 32 28 23 30 19 20 15 - 22 - 34 27 25.0 19.5 DT9 453735 307234 31 26 28 25 19 21 19 15 26 28 38 23 24.9 19.4 DT11 454482 298573 30 25 25 17 16 18 17 18 21 25 27 28 22.3 17.3 DT12 454482 298573 33 27 23 15 15 17 16 18 23 20 29 25 21.8 17.0 DT13 454482 298573 30 26 24 17 17 19 16 18 23 27 21 26 22.0 17.1 DT15 456786 298547 24 21 16 29 14 19 14 16 21 25 29 24 21.0 16.4 DT16 453220 304273 51 43 42 24 25 24 27 39 36 41 38 39 35.8 27.9 DT17 453137 303321 33 30 24 26 19 21 17 20 24 25 33 29 25.1 19.6 DT18 453488 303637 43 38 38 22 27 29 24 30 33 28 34 37 31.9 24.9 DT20 455819 297954 35 29 28 25 27 22 21 16 26 25 36 26 26.3 20.6 DT21 456148 297833 29 27 15 25 18 19 17 16 15 22 37 25 22.1 17.2 DT22 448004 291660 33 28 20 19 17 17 17 16 18 24 31 23 21.9 17.1 DT25 456470 301903 39 37 31 32 23 22 18 21 30 30 40 30 29.4 23.0

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 33 Blaby District Council

DT26 455817 297937 40 40 39 33 32 25 31 33 37 35 43 37 35.4 27.6 DT29 454988 298619 31 27 24 16 16 15 16 17 18 19 30 25 21.2 16.5 DT30 448481 293549 28 25 21 17 13 13 12 15 19 21 28 25 19.8 15.4 DT31 448876 293447 27 24 21 20 17 16 15 13 20 24 35 21 21.1 16.4 DT32 454554 294803 29 22 19 27 18 17 16 12 19 23 28 22 21.0 16.3 DT35 456521 301896 41 33 33 24 23 21 20 19 27 31 40 30 28.5 22.2 DT39 448847 293462 33 25 20 23 - 13 13 11 16 20 30 19 20.3 15.8 DT40 453468 299737 31 27 27 29 28 27 22 19 27 30 41 29 28.1 21.9 DT41 453439 299740 42 37 34 38 27 30 28 23 34 35 47 30 33.8 26.3 DT43 453780 299360 41 33 36 36 - 26 24 23 31 33 42 30 32.3 25.2 DT44 453706 299455 41 34 33 40 37 29 21 18 13 34 43 30 31.1 24.2 DT48 454519 298148 45 36 35 25 27 28 25 30 29 35 37 33 32.1 25.0 DT49 453565 299609 32 31 24 22 20 16 15 15 20 25 33 24 23.1 18.0 DT51 452234 302753 27 32 21 22 17 18 15 20 21 25 33 26 23.1 18.0 DT53 453648 302974 28 24 18 29 18 17 14 12 20 - 37 17 21.3 16.6 DT54 453592 303415 48 44 40 28 22 26 23 26 30 37 48 37 34.1 26.6 DT56 454079 303535 37 38 27 23 20 20 19 21 25 31 31 31 26.9 21.0 DT57 454096 303599 53 51 40 34 34 29 29 31 32 38 48 38 38.1 29.7 DT58 455995 297859 36 29 24 24 19 17 16 16 22 25 33 24 23.8 18.5 DT61 454434 297987 34 28 29 32 26 23 20 18 23 28 38 23 26.8 20.9 DT63 455381 301453 42 37 24 15 16 16 14 20 22 - 26 31 23.9 18.6 DT64 453622 306039 44 36 32 25 23 20 19 20 28 28 39 31 28.8 22.4 DT65 306077 453788 59 52 47 30 33 35 32 34 42 46 52 45 42.3 32.9 DT66 306184 453834 37 32 25 22 18 18 15 18 23 - 36 29 24.8 19.4 DT67 305805 453265 34 31 25 18 19 - 16 18 23 26 32 17 23.5 18.4 DT68 299846 453281 37 33 30 37 28 23 22 23 27 33 42 32 30.6 23.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 34 Blaby District Council

DT69 447032 295877 29 26 19 14 - 17 17 16 20 24 33 21 21.5 16.7 DT70 454451 302150 30 38 28 24 22 23 20 19 27 34 41 32 28.2 22.0 DT71 455061 302718 28 21 19 18 15 16 12 18 20 25 32 24 20.7 16.1 DT72 455061 302883 - 38 - 18 - - - 19 - 28 - - 25.8 27.1 DT73 449036 294720 52 51 46 3 36 30 33 31 37 38 48 41 37.2 29.0 DT74 449105 294705 45 41 37 30 28 17 23 24 31 36 47 34 32.8 25.5 DT75 449080 294785 36 42 29 22 20 19 17 22 26 - 34 30 27.0 21.1 DT76 452184 304813 - - - 18 10 11 8 8 13 17 28 18 14.6 11.4 DT77 452309 304870 - - - 27 18 19 17 18 19 26 34 24 22.4 17.5 DT78 446218 293831 - - - - - 12 23 28 31 38 41 37 30.0 31.5

☒ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure in the final column

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 35 Blaby District Council

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

Sources and AQMAs

No significant changes have been identified to the sources of pollutants monitored. Although some of the locations of the diffusion tubes have been changed, the prominent source of the pollutants remains road-traffic related.

Monitoring using diffusion tubes continues in the parishes of Glenfield and Stoney Stanton. The 2019 results confirm that a monitoring location in the former is close to the Air Quality Objective, and may require declaration of an AQMA in the future. We intend to move continuous monitoring stations to these locations to provide more accurate data and inform an AQAP. Monitoring data and observations have and will continue in AQMA 6 to inform the emerging AQAP.

There has been no need to undertake any screening of sources, nor any modelling.

Revisions to the boundaries of AQMAs 2, 3, and 5 were drafted as a result of 2018 monitoring data, as described in the 2019 ASR. The 2019 data supports those revisions, which are to be considered following appropriate consultations with stakeholders.

QA/QC of continuous monitoring data

Calibrations of the continuous monitoring stations are carried out fortnightly by members of the Environmental Services Team at Blaby District Council. Data validation and ratification is conducted at the end of the monitoring year by those same colleagues. Monitoring station data and performance is checked regularly through a back office system and any irregularities are noted for later reference.

Data is ratified as per AURN recommended procedures. During calibrations, a zero reading is taken from the equipment using a gas of known concentration. This reading is then used to adjust any offset of the baseline of the data. A correction factor is then calculated and applied as a linear correction factor for the data subsequent to the previous calibration. After the calibration factors have been applied, the data is further screened for errors by the Environmental Services Team.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 36 Blaby District Council

Annualisation

Where less than 75% of the data set is available, the continuous monitoring station data has been annualised as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16. This procedure was necessary for CM5, owed to data capture rates of 72.7% and 70.1% for NO2 and

PM10 respectively. The following background stations were used:

 Coventry Allesley (NO2)

 Leicester University (NO2)

 Nottingham Centre (NO2 and PM10)

 Coventry Binley Road (PM10)

 Leicester A594 Roadside (PM10)

 Nottingham Western Boulevard (PM10)

The variation in background stations used can be attributed to poor data capture at some of the chosen sites or the fact that they did not monitor the required pollutant in year 2019. LAQM.TG16 was followed as closely as possible when selecting background stations for use in annualisation.

PM10 data

PM10 data has been “factored” by applying a 1.3 multiplier to give “PM10 Gravimetric Equivalent” values, with further data corrections using the King’s College Volatile Correction Mode. Further information on the Volatile Correction Model can be found at http://www.volatile-correction-model.info

Estimated PM2.5 concentrations

PM2.5 concentrations were derived by applying a conversion factor of 0.7 to the PM10 data. This enabled for results to be graphed and compared against national air quality objectives. PM2.5 will be monitored directly in 2020 by CM5, and reported on in the 2021 ASR.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 37 Blaby District Council

QA/QC of diffusion tube data – Bias Correction factor

Having regard to Box 7.11 in LAQM.TG(16), consideration of whether or not a locally obtained bias adjustment factor may be more representative that the relevant national factor. Our triplicate tube set is co-located with CM1, and so the following is relating to that analyser:

 Local if diffusion tubes exposure periods are not monthly – ours are monthly;  Local if co-location is unusual in some way, for example, affected by specific large NOx sources other than road traffic, such as local industrial installations. Ours is not affected by such unusual sources;  Local for tubes in a similar setting to the co-location site (open/shelter, height, etc.);  Local where the duration of the whole diffusion tubes study is less than one year – ours has a duration of one year;  Local where the Review and Assessment Helpdesk spreadsheet contains data from fewer than five other studies using the same laboratory and preparation – 1 study used SYAQS, and therefore caution will be exercised when using this factor;  Local where that co-location study is spread across more than one calendar year – ours are based on sequential calendar years;  Local for “good” precision for diffusion tubes and with high quality chemiluminescence results, i.e. to national AURN standards – we are not part of the AURN;  Combined if survey consists of tubes exposed over a range of settings, which differ from the co-location site – ours are exposed over a range of settings;  Combined if co-location study is less than nine months, although the diffusion tube monitoring is for a longer period – all of our tubes are exposed for the same time periods;  Combined if the automatic analyser has been operated using local, rather than national, QA/QC procedures – our automatic analysers are operated using local QA/QC procedures;  Combined if the data capture from the automatic analyser is less than 90%, or there have been problems with data quality – the data capture for CM 1 for 2019 was 87.1;

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 38 Blaby District Council

 Combined for co-location site with “poor precision” or laboratories with predominantly “poor” precision, as set out on the LAQM Support Helpdesk website – this is discussed below

Overall, it appears reasonable to choose the Combined bias correction factor. The bias correction factor was obtained from the DEFRA website using the South Yorkshire Air Quality Samplers (SYAQS) analysis to produce a correction factor of 0.78. This correction factor has been chosen due to the fact our diffusion tubes are analysed by this laboratory and the parameters used to calculate the factor are consistent with our own – monthly tube exposure and a year long monitoring study.

Annualisation

Where less than 75% of the data set is available, the diffusion tube and data has been annualised as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16. This procedure was necessary for diffusion tubes 72 and 78 due to capture rates of 33% and 58% respectively. The background station utilised was Leicester University.

Precision and Accuracy of Triplicates

Where diffusion tubes are co-located with a continuous monitoring station, a precision and accuracy analysis has been carried out using the relevant calculator obtained from the DEFRA website.

The analysis was applied to DT 11, 12 and 13 which are co-located to CM1 (colloquially known as Blaby 1). The below screenshot indicates ‘Good’ overall precision but ‘Poor’ overall data capture, the latter attributed to the low capture percentages seen in monitoring periods 5 and 6.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 39 Blaby District Council

Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs

An assessment of 2019 results in the context of past data has been carried out for the following areas:

• AQMA 1: A5460 Narborough Road South • AQMA 2: M1 corridor in Enderby and Narborough • AQMA 3: M1 corridor between Thorpe Astley and Leicester Forest East • AQMA 4B: Enderby Road, Whetstone • AQMA 6: Mill Hill, Enderby • Coventry Road, Sharnford • Croft Road, Cosby • Overdale Avenue, Glenfield (Former AQMA 5) • Glenfield Village • New Bridge Road and Leicester Road, Glen Parva • Stoney Stanton Village • Sapcote Village • Elmesthorpe Railway Bridge • Murby Way, Thorpe Astley • Lubbesthorpe Way, Thorpe Astley • Desford Road, Kirby Muxloe • Aston Firs, near Sapcote

Maps showing monitoring locations and corresponding average annual nitrogen dioxide concentrations (µg/m3) are shown in Figure 1 to Figure 17.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 40 Blaby District Council AQMA 1: A5460 Narborough Road South

The restriction of this AQMA was reported on in ASR 2018 and results for this monitoring year continue to be well below national air quality objectives. Blaby District Council has decided to keep this AQMA (and its associated diffusion tubes) at the most northern extent due to potential highway developments in the near future. It has been decided to remove the Diffusion tube to the southern end of the area, where results continue to be below Air Quality Objectives. We have a good working relationship with Leicester City Council and the presence of these 2 diffusion tubes provide useful data for future development.

Figure 1 Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in AQMA1, Narborough Road South and areas of . AQMA boundary represented by pink outline. Historic tubes are marked with a grey circle. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 41 Blaby District Council

AQMA 2: M1 corridor in Enderby and Narborough

Monitoring results for the majority of this AQMA continue to read well below Air Quality Objectives, with a slightly higher reading around the B4114/M1 bridge. The monitoring results for 2019 have provided further justification to reduce the size of this AQMA. There has been a small increase at CM1. Although a decision was made to move the location of CM1 to another area of the district, monitoring will continue in this area. The number of monitoring locations in this AQMA has been reduced and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 2. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in AQMA2, along a corridor of the M1 between Enderby to the north and Narborough to the south. AQMA boundary represented by pink outline. Historic tubes are marked with a grey circle. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 42 Blaby District Council

AQMA 3: M1 corridor between Thorpe Astley and Leicester Forest East

The diffusion tube and continuous monitor results for this AQMA are shown below in Figure 3. The monitoring results for 2019 has consistently produced values below Air Quality Objectives for the Northern, Southern and Western extents giving further justification to reduce the size of this AQMA. A decision has been made to move CM3 and a number of monitoring locations in this AQMA has been reduced and will be reported in ASR 2021. The levels for CM4 have reduced to just below the national objective. CM4 will remain in place.

Figure 3. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in AQMA2, along a corridor of the M1 between Enderby to the north and Narborough to the south. AQMA boundary represented by pink outline. Historic tubes are marked with a grey circle. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 43 Blaby District Council

AQMA 4B: Enderby Road, Whetstone

The monitoring results for 2019 has consistently produced values below Air Quality Objectives with the exception of DT26 which consistently produces a value in the low 30s, supporting the decision to reduce the size of this AQMA. A decision has been made reduce the number of monitoring locations in this AQMA and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 4. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in AQMA 4B, along Enderby Road in Whetstone. AQMA boundary represented by pink outline. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 44 Blaby District Council

AQMA 6: Mill Hill, Enderby

Results within AQMA 6 show that levels have fallen below the Air Quality Objectives. Levels at CM5 have reduced for the second year running. The equipment at CM5 has been revised to monitor PM2.5. CM5 will remain in place. Additional monitoring has been included to identify if there are elevated results to the east of the AQMA. Work is continuing on the Air Quality Action Plan and will be included in ASR 2021.

Figure 5. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in AQMA 6, along Mill Hill in Whetstone. AQMA boundary represented by pink outline. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 45 Blaby District Council

Coventry Road, Sharnford

Monitoring in Sharnford continues to produce NO2 levels well below Air Quality Objectives, with consistent results at this location for 5 years. The monitoring within the village of Sharnford will remain in 2020 but the location of the diffusion tube has been moved to the East of the village and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 6. Map showing the location and results from the diffusion tube in Sharnford. Historic tubes are marked with a grey circle and a previously sited monitoring station by a black cross. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 46 Blaby District Council

Croft Road, Cosby

As reported in the ASR 2019, monitoring continues with a single diffusion tube in Cosby due to local development. Results continue to be well below Air Quality Objectives. Monitoring within the village of Cosby will remain in 2020 and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 7. Map showing the location and results from the diffusion tube in Cosby. Historic tubes are marked with a grey circle and a previously sited monitoring station by a black cross. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 47 Blaby District Council

Overdale Avenue, Glenfield (Former AQMA 5)

Monitoring continued in this part of Glenfield due to concerns from local partners and recent developments within the area. The tube will provide monitoring for any potential increases in traffic volume. A previous tube (removed December 2017) is marked by a grey circle and provided results well below national air quality objectives.

Figure 8. Map showing the location and results from the diffusion tube in the former AQMA5 of Glenfield. Historic tubes are marked with a grey circle. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

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Glenfield Village

Expansion of the diffusion tube network within Glenfield continued in this monitoring year through cooperation with elected members and Parish Council. Monitoring will be extended in 2020. CM3 will be moved to Stamford Street to develop a more accurate representation of local air quality in the village. The results of these changes will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 9. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Glenfield. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

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New Bridge Road and Leicester Road, Glen Parva

The diffusion tubes in Glen Parva will continue to monitor into 2020. DT5 was reinstated and is listed here for reference to background levels in light of new developments in the area. Two neighbouring authorities operate in close vicinity to these monitoring points. Monitoring within Glen Parva will remain in 2020 and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 10. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Glen Parva. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 50 Blaby District Council

Stoney Stanton Village

A decision was taken to begin monitoring in the village of Stoney Stanton. The centre of the village has some narrow roads and high traffic volumes. There is also an increasing industrial presence surrounding the village with thoroughfare traffic. Initial results show elevated levels at DT73 and DT74. A decision has been made to move CM1 to New Road in Stoney Stanton with the results reported on in ASR 2021.

Figure 11. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Stoney Stanton. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 51 Blaby District Council Sapcote Village

A decision was made in response to concerns raised by elected members to extend monitoring into Sapcote. The village is located near to the proposed rail freight terminal site. It was felt that background levels would be important to the consideration of the application. The results show levels below the Air Quality Objectives. Monitoring will continue in 2020 and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 12. Maps showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Sapcote. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 52 Blaby District Council

Elmesthorpe Railway Bridge

A decision was made in response to concerns raised by elected members to extend monitoring into Elmesthorpe. The village is located near to the proposed rail freight terminal site. It was felt that background levels would be useful in the consideration of the planning application. The results show levels below the Air Quality Objectives. Monitoring will continue in 2020 and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 13. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Elmesthorpe. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 53 Blaby District Council Murby Way, Thorpe Astley

A decision was made to extend the monitoring in 2019 to include some locations in response to concerns raised by elected members. Thorpe Astley is located next to industrial and commercial areas and to a busy road connecting to Leicester City. Initial results show levels to be below Air Quality Objectives and monitoring will continue in 2020 and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 14. Maps showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Murby Way, Thorpe Astley. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 54 Blaby District Council Lubbesthorpe Way, Thorpe Astley

A decision was made to extend the monitoring in 2019 to include some locations in response to concerns raised by elected members. Thorpe Astley is located next to industrial and commercial areas and to a busy road connecting to Leicester City. Initial results show levels to be below Air Quality Objectives and monitoring will continue in 2020 and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 15. Maps showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Murby Way, Thorpe Astley. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 55 Blaby District Council Desford Road, Kirby Muxloe

A decision was made to extend the monitoring in 2019 to include some locations in response to concerns raised by elected members. Initial results show levels to be below Air Quality Objectives and monitoring will continue in 2020 and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 16. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Kirby Muxloe. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 56 Blaby District Council Aston Firs, near Sapcote

A decision was made in response to concerns raised by elected members to extend monitoring nearby to Aston Firs travellers site. The site is located near to the proposed rail freight terminal site. It was felt that background levels would be useful to the consideration of the planning application. The results show levels below the Air Quality Objectives. Monitoring will continue in 2020 and will be reported in ASR 2021.

Figure 17. Map showing the locations and results from diffusion tubes in Aston Firs. Results marked * have been annualised. © Crown copyright and database rights apply; please see the final page of this document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 57 Blaby District Council

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective6 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

6 3 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m ).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 58 Blaby District Council

Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

AQO Air Quality Objective

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

BDC Blaby District Council

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 59 Blaby District Council

References

Air quality information for Blaby District Council, as well as previous versions of the ASR can be found on our website at: https://www.blaby.gov.uk/environmental- issue/waste-and-environment/air-quality/

Department For Environment Food and Rural Affairs. 2016. Errata to LAQM.TG(16): London: Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs.[Online] Available at http://laqm2.defra.gov.uk/supportguidance/

Copyright © Crown copyright and database rights 2020 Ordnance Survey 100018176. i) You are granted a non-exclusive, royalty free, revocable licence solely to view the Licensed Data for non-commercial purposes for the period during which Blaby District Council makes it available; ii) You are not permitted to copy, sub-license, distribute, sell or otherwise make available the Licensed Data to third parties in any form; and iii) Third party rights to enforce the terms of this licence shall be reserved to Ordnance Survey.

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