molecules Article Chemophenetic Significance of Anomalocalyx uleanus Metabolites Are Revealed by Dereplication Using Molecular Networking Tools José Assis Gomes de Brito 1,2, Luciano da Silva Pinto 3 , Cintia Folly Chaves 1, Antônio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva 1 , Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da Silva 3 and Fernando Cotinguiba 1,* 1 Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
[email protected] (J.A.G.d.B.);
[email protected] (C.F.C.);
[email protected] (A.J.R.d.S.) 2 Instituto Federal de Rondônia, Campus de Ji-Parana, Rua Rio Amazonas, 151, Jardim dos Migrantes, CEP 78960-000 Ji-Paraná-RO, Brazil 3 Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos-SP, Brazil;
[email protected] (L.d.S.P.);
[email protected] (M.F.d.G.F.d.S.) * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +55-21-3938-6791 Abstract: Anomalocalyx uleanus (Pax & K. Hoffm.) Ducke (Euphorbiaceae) is a singular species in the genus and is restricted and exclusive to the Brazilian Amazon. A phytochemical study of A. uleanus leaves was performed, yielding the isolation of five major compounds: catechin/epicatechin, afzelin, quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and astilbin. The phytochemical compositions of the methano- lic extracts of leaves, roots, bark, and stem bark were determined using a dereplication approach. Forty-six compounds were annotated from the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC- Citation: Brito, J.A.G.d.; Pinto, L.d.S.; MS/MS) data, while four lipids were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Chaves, C.F.; Ribeiro da Silva, A.J.; Silva, M.F.d.G.F.d.; Cotinguiba, F.