Trace

This artwork pays tribute to prisoners of conscience, human rights activists, and other people who have been detained or exiled because of their beliefs or affiliations. Ai Weiwei selected these individuals based on information provided by Amnesty International and other human rights organizations, as well as independent research by the artist’s studio and the FOR-SITE Foundation. Research was completed in June 2014; the status of the individuals represented may have changed since that time.

More Online • Connect to free WiFi: Free @Large Alcatraz WiFi • Share your comments and photos on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram: #AiWeiweiAlcatraz • Access a digital version of the information in these pages: Trace.AiWeiweiAlcatraz.org • Get more information about prisoners of conscience: amnesty.org

Visit Yours Truly , Ai Weiwei’s installation in the Dining Hall, to write postcards to detainees represented in Trace .

The images in this guide are preliminary design renderings; details of the finished artwork may vary. Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

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TRACE | Zone Map

TRACE | Zone 1 Chelsea Manning Ahmed Douma Woubshet Taye Sardar Alibeyli Shakir Hamoodi Gulgeldy Annaniyazov John Kiriakou Andualem Arage Natnael Mekonnen Hilal Mammadov Petros Solomon Martin Luther King, Jr. Shaker Aamer Reeyot Alemu Amadou Sanneh Eskinder Nega Alhagie Sambou Fatty Edward Snowden Ahmed Maher Uzeyir Mammadli Haile Woldetensae Iván Fernández Depestre Dieudonné Enoh Meyomesse Dashgin Melikov Agnes Uwimana Nkusi Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Ales Bialiatski Meriam Ibrahim

TRACE | Zone 1 TRACE | Zone 1 UNITED STATES Chelsea Manning

Convicted of violations of the Espionage Act and other offenses. Manning (formerly Bradley Manning) is a US Army soldier who released the largest set of classified documents ever leaked to the public. Manning was sentenced in 2013 to 35 years confinement with the possibility of parole in eight years, and to be dishonorably discharged from the Army.

EGYPT Ahmed Douma

Convicted of participation in illegal protests. Douma is a prominent activist and blogger who has famously been arrested under each consecutive Egyptian government in recent years. He was arrested following a protest organized by the No Military Trials for Civilians campaign in defiance of a new restrictive protest law. In 2013 he was sentenced to three years in prison with hard labor.

ETHIOPIA Woubshet Taye

Convicted of terrorism. Taye was the deputy editor of the independent weekly The Awramba Times, a leading opposition media voice. He had reported on the Beka! (Enough!) movement in 2011 that called for peaceful protests. He was detained in 2011 and held incommunicado before being sentenced to 14 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 1 AZERBAIJAN Sardar Alibeyli

Convicted of hooliganism. Alibeyli is the editor of the newspaper Nota Bene and its accompanying website PS Nota, which has published commentaries by exiled politicians and army officers who accuse the president of corruption, human rights abuses, and authoritarianism. In 2013 he was sentenced to four years in prison.

UNITED STATES Shakir Hamoodi

Pled guilty to engaging in a conspiracy to violate the International Economic Emergency Powers Act. Hamoodi is an Iraqi American nuclear engineer. He sent money to family and friends in Iraq for humanitarian purposes during US sanctions. In 2002 he criticized the Bush administration’s plan to attack Iraq. In 2012 he was sentenced to three years in prison and three years probation. His crime is no longer illegal.

TURKMENISTAN Gulgeldy Annaniyazov

Convicted of crossing the border without valid travel documents. Annaniyazov is a human rights activist and dissident. He was imprisoned for organizing a nonviolent antigovernment demonstration in 1995. The government released him after five years, and he fled with his family to Norway. He returned to Turkmenistan in 2008 and was arrested and sentenced to 11 years in prison. He is detained incommunicado.

TRACE | Zone 1 UNITED STATES John Kiriakou

Pled guilty to violating the Intelligence Identities Protection Act. Kiriakou is a former CIA officer and counterterrorism official who disclosed to a reporter the name of an agency officer who had been involved in the CIA’s program to hold and interrogate detainees. In 2007 he publicly discussed the use of the suffocation technique known as waterboarding. In 2013 he was sentenced to 30 months in prison.

ETHIOPIA Andualem Arage

Convicted of terrorism under the Anti- Terrorism Proclamation. Arage is vice chairman of the opposition party Unity for Democracy and Justice. He was arrested while promoting the amendment or abrogation of the proclamation and the release of political and religious leaders and journalists. He was accused of links to a pro-Eritrean group designated as a terrorist organization. In 2012 he was sentenced to life in prison.

ETHIOPIA Natnael Mekonnen

Convicted of terrorism under the Anti- Terrorism Proclamation. Mekonnen is a member of the opposition party Unity for Democracy and Justice. He publicly discussed whether Middle East–style uprisings could spread to Ethiopia, and was accused of links to a pro-Eritrean group designated as a terrorist organization. In 2012 he was sentenced to 18 years in prison. He has testified to being tortured.

TRACE | Zone 1 AZERBAIJAN Hilal Mammadov

Convicted of illegal drug possession, treason, and incitement to national, racial, or religious hatred. Mammadov is a journalist and human rights activist and the chief editor of the only Azerbaijani newspaper printed in the minority Talysh language; he is known as an activist on behalf of the Talysh people. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison.

ERITREA Petros Solomon

Held without charge. Solomon was an Eritrean People’s Liberation Front commander during the Eritrean War of Independence, and served in several cabinet positions. He was also a member of a group that published an open letter to the government and President Isaias Afewerki calling for “democratic dialogue.” Since 2001 he has been held incommunicado in an undisclosed location.

UNITED STATES Martin Luther King, Jr.

Arrested 30 times, charged with calling for and participating in illegal gatherings. King was a clergyman, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African American Civil Rights Movement; he is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in 1968.

TRACE | Zone 1 UNITED STATES Shaker Aamer

Held without trial or charge. A Saudi citizen and British legal resident, Aamer was originally suspected of leading anti-US forces in Afghanistan while being paid by Osama bin Laden. He has been detained since 2001. He was cleared for release by the Bush administration in 2007 and by the Obama administration in 2009, but remains in detention in Guantánamo. He says that he has been subject to torture.

ETHIOPIA Reeyot Alemu

Sentenced under the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation. Alemu is a journalist, founder of a publishing house, and editor of the magazine Feteh . Her articles covered social and political affairs as well as poverty and gender issues. In 2012 she received the Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women’s Media Foundation. She is serving a five-year prison sentence.

GAMBIA Amadou Sanneh

Charged with intent to bring hatred or contempt or to excite disaffection against the person of the president of the Republic of The Gambia. Sanneh is the treasurer of the opposition United Democratic Party (UDP). He had written a letter supporting the asylum application of UDP member Malang Fatty, claiming government persecution. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison. He has testified to being tortured.

TRACE | Zone 1 ETHIOPIA Eskinder Nega

Convicted of treason, outrages against the Constitution, and incitement to armed conspiracy. Nega published an online column critical of the use of the terrorism law to silence dissent and calling for the Ethiopian government to respect freedom of expression and end torture in the country’s prisons. In 2012 he was sentenced to 18 years in prison.

GAMBIA Alhagie Sambou Fatty

Convicted of sedition. Fatty is a member of the opposition United Democratic Party (UDP) and the brother of Malang Fatty; he asked UDP Treasurer Amadou Sanneh to write a document supporting Malang’s application for asylum. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison. He has testified to being tortured.

UNITED STATES Edward Snowden

Charged with espionage and theft of government property. Snowden is a computer specialist, former employee of the Central Intelligence Agency, and former contractor for the National Security Agency. He disclosed thousands of classified documents revealing details of global surveillance programs. He currently lives in an undisclosed location in Russia; he is considered a fugitive by American authorities.

TRACE | Zone 1 EGYPT Ahmed Maher

Sentenced for protesting a new Egyptian law banning all protests. Maher is a civil engineer, one of the cofounders of the April 6 Youth Movement, and a prominent participant in the anti-Mubarak demonstrations in Egypt in 2011. He has earned a Nobel Peace Prize nomination for his work toward democratic reform. In 2013 he was sentenced to three years in prison.

AZERBAIJAN Uzeyir Mammadli

Convicted of the illegal possession of firearms and explosives and planning to organize acts of public disorder. Mammadli is a member of NIDA, a youth opposition movement active on social media that is highly critical of the government. In 2014 he was sentenced to seven years in prison.

ERITREA Haile Woldetensae

Detained indefinitely. Woldetensae was the minister of finance and development and later minister of foreign affairs in Eritrea. He was a member of a group that published an open letter to the government and President Isaias Afewerki calling for “democratic dialogue.” Since 2001 he has been held incommunicado in an undisclosed location.

TRACE | Zone 1 CUBA Iván Fernández Depestre

Charged with dangerousness—the special proclivity of a person to commit crimes. Depestre is a member of the Movimiento Opositor Juventud Despierta (Opposition Movement Awake Youth) and was arrested as he peacefully participated in an event commemorating the anniversary of the death of Cuban national hero Frank País. In August 2013 he was sentenced to three years in prison.

CAMEROON Dieudonné Enoh Meyomesse

Convicted of armed robbery and illegal sale of gold. Meyomesse is an author and political activist who aspired to be a candidate in the 2011 presidential election with the Front National Uni (United National Front). His writings are highly critical of Cameroonian President Paul Biya. In 2012 he was sentenced to seven years in prison.

AZERBAIJAN Dashgin Melikov

Convicted of illegal purchase or storage without a purpose of selling of narcotics. Melikov is a member of an opposition group and wrote critical blogs about the government. Human rights agencies claim that Azerbaijan has used drug charges to silence critical voices. In 2013 Melikov was sentenced to two and a half years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 1 RWANDA Agnes Uwimana Nkusi

Convicted of defamation and threatening national security. Uwimana Nkusi was the editor of the independent Kinyarwanda- language newspaper Umurabyo . Government authorities arrested her after she published opinion pieces criticizing government policies and alleging corruption in the run-up to the 2010 presidential elections. Since 2013 she has been serving a four-year prison sentence.

SOUTH AFRICA Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Sentenced on four counts of sabotage and conspiracy to violently overthrow the government. Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician. In 1964 he was sentenced to life in prison. He was released in 1990 and served as president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, among more than 250 honors he received before his death in 2013.

BELARUS Ales Bialiatski

Convicted of concealment of income on a large scale. Bialiatski is a political activist known for his work with Viasna Human Rights Centre, which provides financial and legal assistance to political prisoners and their families, and is the vice president of the International Federation for Human Rights. In 2011 he was sentenced to four and a half years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 1 SUDAN Meriam Ibrahim

Convicted of apostasy and adultery. Ibrahim was born to a Muslim father but raised as an Orthodox Christian, and married a Christian man. Under Shari’a law in Sudan, the marriage of a Muslim woman to a non-Muslim is considered adultery. The charge of apostasy was added when the court learned that Ibrahim was raised as a Christian. In 2014 she was sentenced to death and 100 lashes. Her conviction was later overturned.

TRACE | Zone 1

TRACE | Zone 2 Mahmoud Abdulrahman al-Jaidah Mohammad Fahad al-Qahtani Suleiman al-Rashudi Sa’eed Mirza al-Nuri Mohamed Habib al-Miqdad Mohammad al-Mansoori Abdulhadi ’Abdullah Hassan al-Mukhodher Saleh Mohammed al-Dhufairi Abdullah al-Hamid Mohammad al-Roken Omar al-Saeed Walid Yunis Ahmad Hamad al-Naqi Hussain Ali Alnajjar Alhammadi Alaa Abd el-Fattah Saud al-Hashimi Mohamed Hassan Jawad Mohammed al-Ajami Ilkin Rustamzade Malang Fatty Ali ’Esa Mansoor al-’Ekri Bakhtiyar Mammadov Abdulhadi al-Khawaja Rashad Ramazanov Mammad Azizov Bakhtiyar Guliyev Mikola Statkevich Hasan Mshaima’ Ebrahim Sharif Abduljalil al-Singace Abdulla al-Mahroos Abdulwahab Hussain Naji Fateel Salah al-Khawaja Abdel-Jalil al-Miqdad

TRACE | Zone 2 TRACE | Zone 2 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Mahmoud Abdulrahman al-Jaidah

Convicted of supporting the secret illegal organization. A Qatari citizen, Al-Jaidah is a medical doctor and director of medical services at Qatar Petroleum. He was accused of giving money to the families of detained members of al-Islah, an organization accused of affiliations with the Egypt-based Muslim Brotherhood. In 2014 he was sentenced to seven years in prison. He has been tortured.

SAUDI ARABIA Mohammad Fahad al-Qahtani

Convicted of charges including breaking allegiance to and disobeying the ruler, questioning the integrity of officials, seeking to disrupt security and inciting disorder by calling for demonstrations, and disseminating false information to foreign groups. Al-Qahtani is an economics professor and cofounder of the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association. In 2011 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

SAUDI ARABIA Suleiman al-Rashudi

Convicted of breaking allegiance with the King and possessing banned articles by Professor Madawi al-Rasheed. Al-Rashudi is a human rights lawyer and pro-democracy activist. He was one of the founding members of the Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights. In 2011 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison, to be followed by a 15-year travel ban.

TRACE | Zone 2 BAHRAIN Sa’eed Mirza al-Nuri

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Al- Nuri is one of 13 opposition activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to life in prison.

BAHRAIN Mohamed Habib al-Miqdad

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Al- Miqdad is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to life in prison.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Mohammad al-Mansoori

Accused of plotting to overthrow the government. Al-Mansoori is a human rights lawyer and president of the Independent Jurists Association, a legal organization involved in human rights issues. He was accused of being a leader of al-Islah, an organization that prosecutors asserted was a branch of the Egypt-based Muslim Brotherhood. In 2013 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2 BAHRAIN Abdulhadi ’Abdullah Hassan al-Mukhodher

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Al- Mukhodher is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Saleh Mohammed al-Dhufairi

Convicted of founding, organizing, and administering an organization aimed at overthrowing the government. Al-Dhufairi is a former teacher, manager of the Ras Al Khaimah Holy Quran Foundation, and one of the defendants in the “UAE 94” case. Many are members of Al-Islah, which has called on the ruling families of the United Arab Emirates to take steps towards democracy. In 2014 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

SAUDI ARABIA Abdullah al-Hamid

Convicted of charges including breaking allegiance to and disobeying the ruler, questioning the integrity of officials, seeking to disrupt security and inciting disorder by calling for demonstrations, and disseminating false information to foreign groups. Al-Hamid is a Saudi human rights activist and cofounder of the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association. In 2011 he was sentenced to 11 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Mohammad al-Roken

Accused of plotting to overthrow the government. Al-Roken is a professor of constitutional law, founding member of the Bridging the Gulf foundation for human security in the Gulf region, and former head of the Emirati Lawyers’ Association. He defended supposed al-Islah members who had been accused of having ties to the Egypt-based Muslim Brotherhood. In 2013 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

SAUDI ARABIA Omar al-Saeed

Convicted of charges including disobeying the ruler, membership of an unlicensed organization, inciting disorder by calling for demonstrations, and harming the image of the state by disseminating false information. Al- Saeed is a political activist and a member of the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association. In 2013 he was sentenced to four years in prison and 300 lashes, to be followed by a four-year travel ban.

IRAQ Walid Yunis Ahmad

Sentenced for terrorism. Ahmad is an ethnically Turkmen television journalist, program organizer, and translator. He was arrested in 2000 and detained without charge or trial for almost 11 years. He was tortured and held in solitary confinement for long periods. The alleged crime with which he was later charged occurred in 2009, when he had already been in custody for nine years. In 2011 he was sentenced to an additional five years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2 KUWAIT Hamad al-Naqi

Charged with insulting the Prophet, the Prophet’s wife and companions, mocking Islam, provoking sectarian tensions, insulting the rulers of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, and misusing his mobile phone to spread the comments. Al-Naqi is a Kuwaiti blogger of Iranian descent and a member of the Shi’a Muslim minority. In 2012 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Hussain Ali Alnajjar Alhammadi

Convicted of founding, organizing, and administering an organization aimed at overthrowing the government. Alhammadi is a physicist and democracy activist and one of the defendants in the “UAE 94” case. Many are members of Al-Islah, which has called on the ruling families of the United Arab Emirates to take evolutionary steps towards democracy. In March 2014 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison, followed by three years probation.

EGYPT Alaa Abd el-Fattah

Arrested for organizing a political protest and for disrespect and hatred for the courts and the judiciary. Abd el-Fattah is a blogger, software developer, and political activist. He is one of the leaders and organizers of the January 2011 demonstrations that brought down the military-backed regime of Hosni Mubarak. In 2014 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2 SAUDI ARABIA Saud al-Hashimi

Convicted of disobeying Saudi Arabia’s king, forming an organization opposing the state, questioning the independence of the judiciary, money laundering, and supporting terrorism. Al-Hashimi is a human rights activist. He and several other activists circulated a petition calling for political reform. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison and a fine of 2 million riyals. He has reportedly been tortured.

BAHRAIN Mohamed Hassan Jawad

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Jawad is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

QATAR Mohammed al-Ajami

Convicted of insulting Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and inciting to overthrow the ruling system. Al-Ajami (also known as Mohammed Ibn al-Dheeb) is a poet and literature student. The charges appear to be related to a poem that criticized the emir; a private reading of the poem was surreptitiously recorded and posted online. In 2012 he was sentenced to life in prison, later reduced to 15 years.

TRACE | Zone 2 AZERBAIJAN Ilkin Rustamzade

Convicted of hooliganism and planning to organize acts of public disorder. Rustamzade is a “Free Youth” activist and has been active in a grassroots campaign calling for investigation into frequent Azerbaijani soldier deaths. In 2014 he was sentenced to eight years in prison.

GAMBIA Malang Fatty

Convicted of sedition. Fatty is a member of the opposition United Democratic Party (UDP). He was arrested by Gambia’s National Intelligence Agency as he tried to leave the country in 2013 in an effort to gain asylum in Finland. Fatty was in possession of a document provided by members of the UDP in support of his asylum claim. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison. He has testified to being tortured.

BAHRAIN Ali ’Esa Mansoor al-’Ekri

Convicted of charges including illegal gathering and participating in unlicensed marches and calling for the overthrow of the regime by force. Al-’Ekri, a physician, was among dozens of health professionals arrested following widespread antigovernment protests in February and March 2011. In 2012 his sentence was adjusted to five years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2 AZERBAIJAN Bakhtiyar Mammadov

Convicted of extortion and fraud. Mammadov is a lawyer who was representing several residents who were forcibly evicted from their homes in Baku as the government was building a performance hall for the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest. Mammadov alleged corruption by a high-level official. In 2013 he was sentenced to eight and a half years in prison.

BAHRAIN Abdulhadi al-Khawaja

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Al-Khawaja is one of Bahrain’s most prominent human rights activists, and one of 13 activists imprisoned in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to life in prison.

AZERBAIJAN Rashad Ramazanov

Convicted of illegal possession and sale of drugs. Ramazanov is a prominent writer and blogger who spoke out against the authorities. Human rights agencies maintain that the Azerbaijani government has a pattern of using bogus drug possession charges to silence critical voices. In 2013 Ramazanov was sentenced to nine years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2 AZERBAIJAN Mammad Azizov

Convicted of illegal narcotics possession and planning to organize acts of public disorder. Azizov is a member of NIDA, a youth opposition movement active on social media. Human rights agencies maintain that Azerbaijan has used bogus drug charges to silence critical voices. In 2014 Azizov was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison.

AZERBAIJAN Bakhtiyar Guliyev

Convicted of illegal possession of firearms and explosives and planning to organize acts of public disorder. Guliyev is a member of NIDA, a youth opposition movement active on social media that is highly critical of the government. In 2014 he was sentenced to seven years in prison.

BELARUS Mikola Statkevich

Convicted of organizing mass disorder. Statkevich is the leader of the opposition Belarusian Social Democratic Party and was a candidate for president in 2010. While speaking at a post-election demonstration, he called on a group of men to stop attacking the parliament building doors. He was subsequently arrested. In 2011 he was sentenced to six years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2 BAHRAIN Hasan Mshaima’

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Mshaima’ is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to life in prison.

BAHRAIN Ebrahim Sharif

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Sharif is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to 5 years in prison.

BAHRAIN Abduljalil al-Singace

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Al- Singace is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to life in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2 BAHRAIN Abdulla al-Mahroos

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Al- Mahroos, also known as Sheikh Mirza al-Mahrous, is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

BAHRAIN Abdulwahab Hussain

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Hussain is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to life in prison.

BAHRAIN Naji Fateel

Charged with setting up a terrorist group which aims to suspend the constitution and harm national unity. Fateel is a human rights activist and member of the board of directors of the Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights. In 2013 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison. He has been tortured in detention.

TRACE | Zone 2 BAHRAIN Salah al-Khawaja

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Al- Khawaja is one of 13 activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to five years in prison.

BAHRAIN Abdel-Jalil al-Miqdad

Convicted of charges including organizing and managing a terrorist group for the overthrow and the change of the country’s Constitution and the royal rule, and the collection and provision of money for a terrorist group. Al- Miqdad is one of 13 opposition activists serving sentences in connection with their role in the national uprising of 2011. In 2011 he was sentenced to life in prison.

TRACE | Zone 2

TRACE | Zone 3 Tal al-Mallohi Saeid Rezaie Sayed Ziaoddin Nabavi Keyvan Samimi Vahid Tizfahm Abolfazl Abedini Afif Naeimi Arzhang Davoodi Sayed Hossein Kazemeyni Boroujerdi Ebrahim Yazdi Bahareh Hedayat Hossein Ronaghi Maleki Kamran Rahimian Faran Hesami Abdolfattah Soltani Sa’id Metinpour Fariba Kamalabadi Jamaloddin Khanjani Reza Shahabi Behrouz Tavakkoli Mohammad Seddigh Kaboudvand Navid Khanjani Mahdi Abu Deeb Shiva Nazar Ahari Mohammad Seifzadeh Bahman Ahmadi Amouee Omid Kokabee Mahvash Sabet

TRACE | Zone 3 TRACE | Zone 3 SYRIA Tal al-Mallohi

Convicted of disclosing secret information to a foreign country. Al-Mallohi has written poems about Palestine and social commentaries on her blog. When she was arrested at age 18, she was believed to be the youngest prisoner of conscience in the Arab world. In 2011 she was sentenced to five years in prison. Her release was ordered in October 2013, but she was reportedly transferred instead into the custody of Syrian State Security.

IRAN Saeid Rezaie

Charged with espionage for Israel, insulting religious sanctities, and spreading propaganda against the system. Rezaie is a member of the Yaran, a now-disbanded ad hoc leadership group for Iran’s Bahá’í community. An agricultural engineer, he is also the author of several books and is known for his extensive scholarship on Bahá’í topics. In 2010 he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

IRAN Sayed Ziaoddin Nabavi

Convicted of enmity against God. Nabavi was a student of engineering. In 2007 he was permanently banned from university study for his political activities. Prior to his arrest he attended one of the “Green Revolution” protests disputing the reelection of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. In 2010 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Keyvan Samimi

Convicted of disturbing the public and acting against national security by gathering and conspiring. Samimi is a journalist, magazine editor, and human rights activist. He was arrested in the crackdown on protesters who disputed the 2009 presidential elections. In 2009 he was sentenced to six years in prison and a 15-year ban from social and political activities.

IRAN Vahid Tizfahm

Charged with espionage for Israel, insulting religious sanctities, and spreading propaganda against the system. Tizfahm was a member of the Yaran, a now-disbanded ad hoc leadership group for Iran’s Bahá’í community. Previously he was an optometrist and owner of an optical shop. In 2010 he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

IRAN Abolfazl Abedini

Charged with offenses including having contact with enemy states. Abedini is a journalist and human rights activist who wrote about labor issues for the provincial weekly Bahar Ahvaz . In 2010 he was sentenced to 11 years in prison, with an additional year added in 2011.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Afif Naeimi

Charged with espionage for Israel, insulting religious sanctities, and spreading propaganda against the system. Naeimi is a member of the Yaran, a now-disbanded ad hoc leadership group for Iran’s Bahá’í community. Previously he was an industrialist who was unable to pursue becoming a doctor because as a Bahá’í, he was denied access to university. In 2010 he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

IRAN Arzhang Davoodi

Convicted of spreading propaganda against the system and establishing and directing an organization opposed to the government. Davoodi is a teacher, activist, and author who criticized human rights conditions in Iran. In 2005 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison, 75 lashes, and five years house arrest. In 2012 a new charge of enmity against God was brought against him. In 2014 he was sentenced to death.

IRAN Sayed Hossein Kazemeyni Boroujerdi

Charged with waging war against God, acts against national security, publicly calling political leadership by clergy unlawful, having links with anti-revolutionaries and spies, and using the term “religious dictatorship” instead of “Islamic Republic” in public discourse. Boroujerdi is a Muslim cleric who advocates the removal of religion from the Iranian political system. In 2007 he was sentenced to 11 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Ebrahim Yazdi

Charged with assembly and collusion against national security, propagating against the Islamic Republic regime, and establishing and leading the Iran Freedom Movement. Yazdi is a politician and diplomat and headed the pro- democracy Freedom Movement from 1995 to 2011. He has been arrested three times since the 2009 election. In 2011 he was sentenced to eight years in prison and a five-year ban on social activities.

IRAN Bahareh Hedayat

Convicted of insulting the Supreme Leader, insulting the president, actions against national security, propagation of falsehoods, and colluding for assembly. Hedayat is a student and women’s rights activist. She has been arrested multiple times and has been subject to police harassment. In 2009 she was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

IRAN Hossein Ronaghi Maleki

Sentenced on charges including membership of the Internet group Iran Proxy, spreading propaganda against the system, and insulting the Supreme Leader. Ronaghi Maleki is a blogger and political dissident. He was arrested for renewing proxies that allowed journalists and political activists to circumvent the government’s website bans. In 2010 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Kamran Rahimian

Charged with membership of the Bahá’í community and meeting and colluding to disturb national security. Rahimian was a psychology instructor with the Bahá’í Institute for Higher Education. He received his master’s degree in educational counseling from the University of Ottawa, Canada. In September 2011 he was sentenced to four years in prison.

IRAN Faran Hesami

Charged with membership of the Bahá’í community and meeting and colluding to disturb national security. Hesami was a psychology instructor at the Bahá’í Institute for Higher Education. She was arrested and told that the master’s degree she earned in Canada was illegal, and therefore her work as a counselor was also illegal. In 2011 she was sentenced to four years in prison.

IRAN Abdolfattah Soltani

Convicted for cofounding the Center for Human Rights Defenders, spreading antigovernment propaganda, endangering national security, and accepting an illegal prize, the Nuremberg International Human Rights Award. Soltani is a human rights lawyer. He was incarcerated for political offenses in 2005 and 2009. In 2012 he was sentenced to 13 years in prison and a 20-year ban from practicing law.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Sa’id Metinpour

Charged with connections to foreigners and propaganda against the regime, based on a confession obtained through torture. A Turkish citizen, Metinpour is a human rights activist and journalist who has called for greater cultural and linguistic rights for his community. He was arrested in May 2007 and later sentenced to eight years in prison. He has testified to being tortured.

IRAN Fariba Kamalabadi

Charged with espionage for Israel, insulting religious sanctities, and spreading propaganda against the system. Kamalabadi is a member of the Yaran, a now-disbanded ad hoc leadership group for Iran’s Bahá’í community. Previously she was a developmental psychologist. She was arrested twice before her most recent imprisonment. In 2010 she was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

IRAN Jamaloddin Khanjani

Charged with espionage for Israel, insulting religious sanctities, and spreading propaganda against the system. Khanjani is a member of the Yaran, a now-disbanded ad hoc leadership group for Iran’s Bahá’í community. He was arrested and imprisoned at least three times before 2008. In 2010 he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Reza Shahabi

Convicted of gathering and colluding against state security and spreading propaganda against the system. Shahabi was the treasurer of a Tehran bus workers’ labor union. Independent trade unions are not permitted in Iran. In 2010 he was sentenced to six years in prison, fined $5,700, and banned from all trade unionist activities for five years.

IRAN Behrouz Tavakkoli

Charged with espionage for Israel, insulting religious sanctities, and spreading propaganda against the system. Tavakkoli is a member of the Yaran, a now-disbanded ad hoc leadership group for Iran’s Bahá’í community. He has previously experienced intermittent detainment and harassment and was jailed for four months without charge, spending most of that time in solitary confinement. In 2010 he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

IRAN Mohammad Seddigh Kaboudvand

Convicted of acting against national security, widespread propaganda against the state by disseminating news, opposing Islamic penal laws by publicizing punishments such as stoning and executions, and advocating on behalf of political prisoners. Kaboudvand is an Iranian Kurdish human rights activist and journalist. In 2007 he was sentenced to 11 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Navid Khanjani

Convicted on charges including founding the Bahá’í Education Rights Committee and membership in the Committee of Human Rights Reporters and Human Rights Activists, acting against national security, and propaganda against the regime. Khanjani is a human rights activist and a founder of the Society against Educational Discrimination. In January 2011 he was sentenced to 12 years in prison.

BAHRAIN Mahdi Abu Deeb

Convicted of charges including halting the educational process, inciting hatred of the regime, and attempting to overthrow the ruling system by force. Abu Deeb is the founder and former leader of the Bahrain Teachers’ Association and had called on teachers to strike. In 2011 he was sentenced to five years in prison. He has testified to being tortured.

IRAN Shiva Nazar Ahari

Arrested on charges of waging war against God, propagation against the regime, actions against national security, and disrupting the public order. Ahari is a journalist and human rights activist and a founding member of the Committee of Human Rights Reporters, which campaigns against a wide range of human rights violations in Iran. In 2012 she began serving a four-year prison term.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Mohammad Seifzadeh

Charged with collusion and assembly with intent to disrupt internal security, propagation activities against the regime, and establishing the Center for Human Rights Defenders. Seifzadeh is a lawyer, former judge, and human rights activist. In October 2010 he was sentenced to nine years in prison and a 10-year ban from practicing law.

IRAN Bahman Ahmadi Amouee

Convicted of gathering and colluding with intent to harm national security, spreading propaganda against the system, disrupting public security, and insulting the president. Amouee is a journalist and editor and a frequent government critic. He was arrested as part of a crackdown on journalists after the disputed 2009 election. He was sentenced to 32 lashes as well as seven years and four months in prison.

IRAN Omid Kokabee

Sentenced for communicating with a hostile government (USA) and illegitimate/illegal earnings. Kokabee was a physicist at the University of Texas who was arrested in Iran after returning from the United States to visit his family in 2011. He claimed that the authorities were trying to obtain his collaboration for an Iranian nuclear program. In 2012 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 3 IRAN Mahvash Sabet

Charged with espionage for Israel, insulting religious sanctities, and spreading propaganda against the system. Sabet is a member of the Yaran, a now-disbanded ad hoc leadership group for Iran’s Bahá’í community. Before her arrest, she served as director of an organization providing alternative higher education for Bahá’í youth. In 2010 she was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 3

TRACE | Zone 4 Nguyen Doan Quoc Hung Ngo Hao Ta Phong Tan Nguyen Van Hai Dinh Nguyen Kha Nguyen Xuan Nghia Tran Vu Anh Binh Le Thanh Tung Jigme Gyatso Gartse Jigme Chen Xi Li Wangyang Thich Quang Do Tashi Rabten Gedhun Choekyi Nyima Doan Huy Chuong Lolo Tran Huynh Duy Thuc Vo Minh Tri Aung San Suu Kyi Lu Van Bay Xu Zhiyong Le Quoc Quan Ho Thi Bich Khuong Do Thi Minh Hanh Sombath Somphone Tun Aung

TRACE | Zone 4 TRACE | Zone 4 VIETNAM Nguyen Doan Quoc Hung

Charged with disrupting national security. Hung is a member of Victims of Injustice, a group that advocates on behalf of victims of land confiscation. He was part of a group that wrote and circulated a list of demands when workers at a shoe factory went on strike. In 2010 he was sentenced to nine years in prison.

VIETNAM Ngo Hao

Convicted of carrying out activities aimed at overthrowing the people’s administration. Hao is a former army officer, dissident, and blogger. He was accused of writing and circulating false information about the government and defaming its leaders from 2008 to 2012. He was also accused of using peaceful means to promote revolution. In 2011 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison and five years house arrest.

VIETNAM Ta Phong Tan

Charged with writing antistate propaganda and seriously affecting national security and the image of the country in the global arena. Tan is a dissident blogger. A former policewoman, she was arrested for her blog posts alleging government corruption. In 2012 Tan was sentenced to 10 years in prison. The same year, her mother, Dang Thi Kim Lieng, self-immolated in protest of her daughter’s detention.

TRACE | Zone 4 VIETNAM Nguyen Van Hai

Arrested for tax evasion and disseminating antistate information and materials. Hai, also known as Dieu Cay, is a prominent blogger and an advocate for democratic reforms. He is well known for his denunciation of China’s foreign policy towards Vietnam. He was also imprisoned without charge after cofounding the Free Journalists Club of Vietnam. In 2012 he was sentenced to 12 years in prison.

VIETNAM Dinh Nguyen Kha

Convicted of antigovernment propaganda. Kha is a student and computer repairer. He was arrested when he handed out leaflets critical of policies on land ownership, religion, and sovereignty disputes with China over the South China Sea. In 2013 his original eight-year sentence was reduced to four years in prison.

VIETNAM Nguyen Xuan Nghia

Convicted of conducting propaganda against the state. Nghia is a poet, journalist, essayist, novelist, a member of the Hai Phong Association of Writers, and a founding member of the banned democracy movement known as Bloc 8406. His indictment cited 57 pieces written by him in 2007 and 2008. In 2009 he was sentenced to six years in prison and three years house arrest.

TRACE | Zone 4 VIETNAM Tran Vu Anh Binh

Convicted of conducting antistate propaganda. Binh, also known as Hoang Nhat Thong, is a songwriter, singer, and cofounder of the Patriotic Youth League, promoting public consciousness of social justice and civic engagement. He posted songs on YouTube that expressed concerns about the Vietnamese government and the lack of social justice. In 2012 he was sentenced to six years in prison and two years house arrest.

VIETNAM Le Thanh Tung

Convicted of conducting propaganda against the state. Tung is a former soldier, supporter of the pro-democracy coalition Bloc 8406, and blogger advocating pluralism and constitutional changes. He posted articles for the banned Vietnam Freedom and Democracy Movement. He had been detained by police 13 times previously. In 2011 he was sentenced to five years in prison, reduced to four years on appeal, and four years house arrest.

CHINA Jigme Gyatso

Convicted of splittist activities. Jigme Gyatso (also known as Jigme Guri) is a Tibetan Buddhist monk. He was detained and beaten by Chinese police in 2008 and posted a YouTube video about his detention and the wider Chinese crackdown in Tibet. He was later detained again and held for six months without charge. He was re-arrested in 2011; his current whereabouts are unknown.

TRACE | Zone 4 CHINA Gartse Jigme

Charged with separatism. Gartse Jigme is a well-known and influential Tibetan writer. His work includes essays on self-immolations in Tibet, the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan government in exile, and China’s policies in the region. Since 2008 he has been under surveillance by Chinese authorities and has been detained several times. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison.

CHINA Chen Xi

Convicted of inciting subversion of state power. Chen is a signatory of the human rights petition Charter 08 and a leading member of the Guizhou Human Rights Forum. He was previously jailed in 1989 and again in 1995; his current charges are linked to political essays he published online. In 2011 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison, with an additional three- year deprivation of political rights.

CHINA Li Wangyang

Convicted of counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement and subversion. Li was a factory worker who advocated for independent trade unions. He was arrested after organizing worker support for the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. He was sentenced to 11 years in prison and later to an additional 10 years for subversion. He was released in May 2011 and died in 2012 under widely questioned circumstances.

TRACE | Zone 4 VIETNAM Thich Quang Do

Do is a Vietnamese Buddhist monk and outspoken critic of the Vietnamese government. He is the head of the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam, which came under persecution by the government after 1975 for its involvement in the human rights movement. Do has been repeatedly arrested, imprisoned, and sent into domestic exile. Since 2003 he has been under police surveillance. He is a nine-time Nobel Peace Prize nominee.

CHINA Tashi Rabten

Charged with inciting activities to split the nation. Tashi Rabten, also known as Therang, is a writer and editor known for his progressive and secularist views. He published works that condemned the Chinese government’s brutal suppression of the 2008 Tibetan protests and destruction of Tibetan culture and environment. In 2011 he was sentenced to four years in prison. He was released in April 2014.

CHINA Gedhun Choekyi Nyima

On May 14, 1995, six-year-old Tibetan Gedhun Choekyi Nyima was named the 11th Panchen Lama by the 14th Dalai Lama. After his selection, he was detained by Chinese authorities; he has not been seen in public since May 17, 1995. China later named another child, Gyancain Norbu, as Panchen Lama, a choice that exiles claim is rejected by most Tibetan Buddhists.

TRACE | Zone 4 VIETNAM Doan Huy Chuong

Charged with abusing democratic freedoms to infringe upon the interests of the state and disseminating articles on reactionary websites. Chuong was part of a group that wrote and circulated a list of demands when workers at a shoe factory went on strike. He was previously imprisoned on charges of abusing democratic freedoms. In 2010 he was sentenced to seven years in prison.

CHINA Lolo

Convicted of unspecified charges. Lolo is a well- known Tibetan singer. He was arrested shortly after the release of his 2012 album of songs calling for Tibetan independence. It is likely that he was charged with splittism, a catch-all offense that allows the Chinese authorities to punish ethnic minorities defending their rights. In 2013 he was sentenced to six years in prison.

VIETNAM Tran Huynh Duy Thuc

Convicted of endangering national security and organizing campaigns in collusion with reactionary organizations based abroad that were designed to overthrow the people’s government with the help of the Internet. Thuc, also known as Tran Dong Chan, is an IT professional and blogger who had written in support of economic and social reforms and freedom of expression. In 2010 he was sentenced to 16 years in prison and five years house arrest.

TRACE | Zone 4 VIETNAM Vo Minh Tri

Convicted of spreading antigovernment propaganda. Tri, also known as Viet Khang, is a songwriter, singer, and founding member of the Patriotic Youth League. Authorities arrested him without charge after he released two songs calling on people to stand up against government crackdowns on protesters. In 2012 he was sentenced to four years in prison and two years house arrest.

BURMA Aung San Suu Kyi

Imprisoned for actions likely to undermine the community peace and stability. Aung San Suu Kyi is the chairperson of the National League for Democracy (NLD), the leading opposition party. She was placed under house arrest shortly before the 1990 general election in which the NLD received 59 percent of the vote, and served a total of 15 years. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991.

VIETNAM Lu Van Bay

Convicted of conducting propaganda against the regime. Bay is a former army officer, a prominent pro-democracy activist, and a prolific Internet writer focusing on social and political issues including freedom of expression. He was charged for articles he posted on overseas Internet sites calling for the end of one-party rule in Vietnam. In 2011 he was sentenced to four years in prison and three years house arrest.

TRACE | Zone 4 CHINA Xu Zhiyong

Charged with assembling a crowd to disrupt order in a public place. Xu is a university lecturer, a human rights lawyer, and a founder of the NGO Open Constitution Initiative and the New Citizens’ Movement, which demands that government officials disclose their wealth. In 2009 he was detained on charges of tax evasion. In 2014 he was sentenced to four years in prison.

VIETNAM Le Quoc Quan

Convicted of tax evasion. Quan is a human rights lawyer, democracy activist, and prominent Catholic blogger advocating for religious freedom. In 2007 he was detained after he returned from a fellowship with the US-based National Endowment for Democracy. In 2013 he was sentenced to 30 months in prison.

VIETNAM Ho Thi Bich Khuong

Convicted of conducting propaganda against the state. Khuong is a longtime social justice activist. She has published accounts of human rights violations against the rural poor and taken part in protests about land rights. She was previously imprisoned for two years. In 2011 she was sentenced to five years in prison and three years house arrest.

TRACE | Zone 4 VIETNAM Do Thi Minh Hanh

Charged with disrupting national security. Hanh is a member of Victims of Injustice, a group that advocates on behalf of victims of land confiscation. She was part of a group that wrote and circulated a list of demands when workers at a shoe factory went on strike. In 2010 she was sentenced to seven years in prison. She was released in 2014.

LAOS Sombath Somphone

Sombath is the widely respected executive director of the Participatory Development Training Centre, which he founded to foster sustainable, equitable, and self-reliant development in Laos. He was taken away in 2012 in the presence of security personnel at a police post in Vientiane. Despite widespread calls for an investigation, he has not been heard from since.

BURMA Tun Aung

Tun Aung is a medical doctor, Muslim community leader, and former parliamentary candidate. He was arrested following riots that broke out between Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims in western Myanmar in June 2012. In 2013 he was sentenced to 17 years in prison. In 2014 his sentence was reduced and he has been scheduled for release in 2015.

TRACE | Zone 4 TRACE | Zone 5 Alimjan Yimit Li Bifeng Zhu Yufu Wang Bingzhang Gangkye Drubpa Kyab Karma Samdup Liu Xiaobo Zhao Lianhai Zhang Lin Runggye Adak Nijat Azat Tan Zuoren Chen Guangcheng Gao Zhisheng Guo Quan Gheyret Niyaz Ilham Tohti Tenzin Delek Rinpoche Khenpo Kartse Li Tie Dolma Kyab Wei Jingsheng Chen Wei Shawo Tashi Kunchok Tsephel Gopey Tsang Nurmuhemmet Yasin Zhao Changqing Gong Shengliang Memetjan Abdulla Liu Xianbin

TRACE | Zone 5 TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Alimjan Yimit

Convicted of illegally providing state secrets to foreign nationals. Yimit is a Christian church leader of Uighur ethnicity and a former Muslim. In September 2007 Chinese officials accused him of using his business as a cover for preaching Christianity among people of Uighur ethnicity. In 2009 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

CHINA Li Bifeng

Convicted of contract fraud. Li is an author, poet, and democracy activist. He served a five-year sentence for taking part in the 1989 pro-democracy movement, followed by another jail term from 1998 to 2005 for reporting on a workers’ protest in Sichuan in 1998. In 2012 he was sentenced to 12 years in prison; in 2013 his sentence was adjusted to 10 years.

CHINA Zhu Yufu

Arrested for inciting subversion of state power. Zhu is a political dissident and was one of the founders of the unrecognized Democracy Party of China. He also founded the magazine Opposition Party . He published a poem, “It’s Time,” that urged people to participate in the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests. In 2012 he was sentenced to seven years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Wang Bingzhang

Convicted of espionage and terrorism. Wang is a doctor and political activist. He launched the Union of Chinese Democracy Movement, publicly denouncing one-party rule in China, and later cofounded the Chinese Freedom Democracy Party and Chinese Democracy Justice Party in 1989 and 1998, respectively. In 2003 he was sentenced to life in prison.

CHINA Gangkye Drubpa Kyab

Convicted of alleged political activities. Gangkye Drubpa Kyab is a Tibetan teacher and writer whose works focused on the environment, Tibetan culture, and current events. He was arrested without a warrant at a time of high tension in Tibetan-populated areas of China, with many self-immolations and protests against Chinese rule. In 2013 he was sentenced to five and a half years in prison.

CHINA Karma Samdup

Convicted of excavating and robbing ancient tombs. Karma Samdup is a leading collector of Tibetan antiques and founder of the award- winning Three Rivers Environmental Protection organization. He pushed for conservation of the source region for the Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang (Mekong) rivers. In 2010 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison. He has been tortured.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Liu Xiaobo

Arrested for inciting subversion of state power. Liu is a writer, professor, and human rights activist who has called for political reforms and the end of communist single-party rule. He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize for “his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China.” In December 2009 he was sentenced to eleven years in prison and two years’ deprivation of political rights.

CHINA Zhao Lianhai

Convicted of inciting social disorder. Zhao is a dissident and former food safety worker who became an activist for parents of children harmed during the 2008 milk contamination, when hundreds of thousands of people were sickened and several babies were killed. In 2010 he was sentenced to two and a half years in prison.

CHINA Zhang Lin

Convicted of gathering a crowd to disrupt public order. Zhang is a writer, civil rights activist, and member of the banned China Democracy Party. He has served many prison and reeducation-through-labor sentences since the 1980s. In 2005 he was sentenced to four years in prison for subversion. He was arrested in 2013 for participating in a demonstration and has not been sentenced.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Runggye Adak

Indicted on four counts including disruption of law and order and state subversion. Runggye Adak is a Tibetan nomadic herdsman. He publicly appealed for the release of Tenzin Delek Rinpoche and the 11th Panchan Lama and called for the return of the Dalai Lama. In 2007 he was sentenced to eight years in prison and the deprivation of political rights for four years.

CHINA Nijat Azat

Convicted of endangering state security. Azat is an ethnic Uighur web designer, musician, and webmaster. He was arrested after posting material regarding conditions in East Turkestan and permitting the posting of announcements for a demonstration in Urumqi. In 2010 he was sentenced to eight years in prison.

CHINA Tan Zuoren

Convicted of subversion of state power. Tan is a writer and activist who had published articles online about the repression of the 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-democracy protests, and investigated the deaths of thousands of children when their schools collapsed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. In 2009 he was sentenced to five years in prison. He was released in March 2014.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Chen Guangcheng

Sentenced for damaging property and organizing a mob to disturb traffic. A self- taught lawyer, Chen advocates for women’s rights, land rights, and the welfare of the poor. He organized a class-action lawsuit against Chinese authorities for excessive enforcement of the one-child policy. He served four years and three months in prison and 17 months under house arrest before escaping to the US Embassy in Beijing.

CHINA Gao Zhisheng

Charged with subversion; violation of parole rules. Gao is a human rights attorney and dissident known for defending activists and religious minorities and documenting human rights abuses in China. He last disappeared in February 2009 and was unofficially detained until December 2011, when it was announced that he had been imprisoned for three years.

CHINA Guo Quan

Convicted of subversion of state power. Guo is a Chinese human rights activist and university professor who has called for government reform and multiparty democratic elections. He founded the China People’s Livelihood Party, which was later renamed the New People’s Party of China, angering government authorities. In 2009 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Gheyret Niyaz

Convicted of endangering state security. Niyaz is an ethnic Uighur journalist, intellectual, and editor. He was an editor and manager for the website uyghurbiz.net, which Chinese authorities accused of contributing to incitement of rioting in Urumqi in July 2009. In 2010 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

CHINA Ilham Tohti

Charged with separatism. Tohti is an Uighur writer and economics professor who hosted the now-banned website Uyghur Online. He was an outspoken but careful critic of Chinese policies in Xinjiang. He was held for two months in 2009; in January 2014 he was rearrested. He was awarded the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award in April 2014.

CHINA Tenzin Delek Rinpoche

Convicted of causing explosions and inciting separatism. Tenzin Delek is a Tibetan Buddhist leader known for working to develop social, medical, educational, and religious institutions for nomads in eastern Tibet. He was arrested following a bombing incident; leaflets calling for Tibetan independence were found at the scene. In 2002 he was sentenced to death. In 2005 his sentence was commuted to life in prison.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Khenpo Kartse

Charged with endangering state security. Khenpo Kartse is a popular Tibetan religious leader known for promoting Tibetan unity, language rights, and culture. He was also involved in leading teams of monks to rescue victims and provide relief to survivors during recent disasters in Tibetan areas. In 2013 he was arrested and detained. He has been tortured.

CHINA Li Tie

Convicted of subversion of state power. Li is a writer and human rights campaigner. He is perhaps best known for promoting the memory of Lin Zhao, a student who was executed as a counterrevolutionary under Mao; her case became emblematic of the struggle for free speech in China. In 2012 Li was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

CHINA Dolma Kyab

Convicted of stealing and/or passing on state secrets. Dolma Kyab is a Tibetan writer and history teacher who has written extensively about democracy, Tibetan sovereignty, Tibet under communism and colonialism, and environmental issues in Tibet. In 2005 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. His current location is unknown.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Wei Jingsheng

Wei is a human rights activist, dissident, and longtime member of the Chinese democracy movement. Upon his release from a 15-year prison term in 1994, Wei resumed speaking out against China’s human rights violations. He was rearrested and forced into exile in the United States in 1997. He has received important awards for his human rights work and has been nominated several times for the Nobel Peace Prize.

CHINA Chen Wei

Convicted of inciting subversion of state power. Chen was a leader of the 1989 student democracy movement, for which he was arrested; he was arrested again in 1992. His current charge stems from essays critical of the Chinese government that he allegedly posted online. In 2011 he was sentenced to nine years in prison.

CHINA Shawo Tashi

Charged with antistate activities including distributing photographs of self-immolation protesters; writing last notes left by self- immolation protesters on these photographs; participating in protest against Chinese government; and singing patriotic Tibetan songs. Shawo Tashi is a well-known Tibetan singer and musician. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Kunchok Tsephel Gopey Tsang

Convicted of disclosing state secrets. Kunchok Tsephel Gopey Tsang is a writer and editor of the Tibetan-language website Chomei, which promotes Tibetan culture and literature. He has published articles that revealed the suppression of Tibetan protesters and the arrest of Buddhist monks. In 2009 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

CHINA Nurmuhemmet Yasin

Imprisoned for inciting separatism. Yasin was an ethnic Uighur author. He was arrested after the publication of his short story about a young pigeon, the son of a pigeon king, who becomes trapped by humans and commits suicide rather than live in captivity. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison and served six before reportedly dying in prison in 2011.

CHINA Zhao Changqing

Convicted of gathering a crowd to disrupt order in a public place. Zhao is a teacher and human rights activist. He was heavily involved in the 1989 student democracy movement. More recently, he was a member of the New Citizens’ Movement, a transparency movement and loose network of activists campaigning for officials to declare their assets. In April 2014 he was sentenced to two and a half years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 5 CHINA Gong Shengliang

Convicted of rape and intentional assault. Gong is the founder and leader of the South China Church, an evangelical group that has been labeled a cult by the Chinese government. In 2001 he was sentenced to death for using a cult to undermine law enforcement; the sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment for rape. In 2006 his sentence was reduced to 19 years. He has been subject to torture.

CHINA Memetjan Abdulla

Convicted of separatist movement, divulging state secrets, and organizing illegal demonstrations. Abdulla was an editor for the Uighur-language service of China National Radio and an administrator for an Uighur- language website. He translated and posted a call for Uighurs in exile to protest the deaths of Uighur workers in Shaogua, China. In 2010 he was sentenced to life in prison.

CHINA Liu Xianbin

Convicted of inciting subversion of state power. Liu is a writer, a prominent pro-democracy activist, and a signatory to the human rights petition Charter 08. He participated in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and previously served nine years in prison for his activism. His current charges relate to articles he published in overseas publications advocating for human rights and democracy. In 2011 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 5

TRACE | Zone 6 Azimjan Askarov Sergei Udaltsov Sergei Krivov Thongpaseuth Keuakoun Stepan Zimin Andrei Barabanov Aleksey Polikhovitch Denis Lutskevich Yevgeny Vitishko Artiom Saviolov Salijon Abdurahmanov Vladimir Kozlov Isroil Kholdorov Yaroslav Belousov Azam Farmonov Roza Tuletaeva Oh Kyu-won Suk-ja Akzam Turgunov Gaybullo Jalilov Dilmurod Saidov Oh Hae-won Suk-ja Shin Suk-ja Somyot Prueksakasemsuk Irom Sharmila Chanu Joni Sinay Seng-Aloun Phengphanh Johan Teterisa Filep Karma

TRACE | Zone 6 TRACE | Zone 6 KYRGYZSTAN Azimjan Askarov

Convicted of storage of ammunition and being an accomplice to premeditated murder and accomplice in the killing of a law enforcement officer. Askarov is an ethnic Uzbek and director of an independent human rights NGO. He recorded clashes between ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in southern Kyrgyzstan in 2010. In 2010 he was sentenced to life in prison.

RUSSIA Sergei Udaltsov

Convicted of organizing mass riots. Udaltsov is one of the most prominent opposition figures in Russia as the leader of the Left Front movement. In 2011 and 2012 he helped lead a series of protests against Vladimir Putin, calling for “a direct democracy” in Russia. In 2014 he was sentenced to four and a half years in prison.

RUSSIA Sergei Krivov

Convicted of attacking police and inciting mass riots. Krirov is a civil rights activist and member of the RPR-Parnas party. He was involved in a “March of Millions” demonstration in Moscow’s Bolotnaya Square in 2012, protesting alleged violations in the 2011 parliamentary elections and the reelection of Vladimir Putin. In 2014 he was sentenced to four years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 6 LAOS Thongpaseuth Keuakoun

Convicted of treason. Thongpaseuth was a member of a student pro-democracy group that publicly called for human rights, the release of political prisoners, a multiparty political system, and elections for a new National Assembly. He was arrested for trying to peacefully display posters calling for economic, political, and social change in Laos. In 1999 he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

RUSSIA Stepan Zimin

Convicted of attacking police and inciting mass riots. Zimin is a student and activist. He was involved in a “March of Millions” demonstration in Moscow’s Bolotnaya Square in 2012, protesting alleged violations in the 2011 parliamentary elections and the reelection of Vladimir Putin. In 2014 he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison.

RUSSIA Andrei Barabanov

Convicted of attacking police and inciting mass riots. Barabanov is a graduate of a mathematics college and an artist. He was involved in a “March of Millions” demonstration in Moscow’s Bolotnaya Square in 2012, protesting alleged violations in the 2011 parliamentary elections and the reelection of Vladimir Putin. In 2014 he was sentenced to three years and seven months in prison.

TRACE | Zone 6 RUSSIA Aleksey Polikhovitch

Convicted of attacking police and inciting mass riots. Polikhovitch is a student, insurance company employee, and former marine. He was involved in a “March of Millions” demonstration in Moscow’s Bolotnaya Square in 2012, protesting alleged violations in the 2011 parliamentary elections and the reelection of Vladimir Putin. In 2014 he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison.

RUSSIA Denis Lutskevich

Convicted of attacking police and inciting mass riots. Lutskevich is a former naval cadet and student. He was involved in a “March of Millions” demonstration in Moscow’s Bolotnaya Square in 2012, protesting alleged violations in the 2011 parliamentary elections and the reelection of Vladimir Putin. In 2014 he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison.

RUSSIA Yevgeny Vitishko

Convicted of spray painting a fence. Vitishko is a geologist, a member of the Environmental Watch on North Caucasus, and a prominent figure in a campaign to shed light on the environmental impact of Olympic construction in Sochi. He was accused of spray painting a construction fence surrounding the regional governor’s mansion. In 2014 he was sentenced to three years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 6 RUSSIA Artiom Saviolov

Charged with participation in mass riots and using violence against a police officer. Saviolov had no history of political activism before taking part in a “March of Millions” demonstration in Moscow’s Bolotnaya Square in 2012, protesting alleged violations in the 2011 parliamentary elections and the reelection of Vladimir Putin. In 2014 he was sentenced to two years and seven months in prison.

UZBEKISTAN Salijon Abdurahmanov

Convicted of marijuana and opium possession. Abdurahmanov is a journalist who covered economic, human rights, and social issues for the independent news web site Uznews, and in the past contributed reporting for the US- funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and the London-based Institute for War and Peace Reporting. In 2008 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

KAZAKHSTAN Vladimir Kozlov

Convicted of inciting oil workers to violence. Kozlov is a journalist and politician who has been a leader of the democratic opposition in Kazakhstan and a candidate for his country’s presidency. In 2012 he was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. The court also ordered that Kozlov’s property be confiscated and ordered him to pay US$10,000 in court costs.

TRACE | Zone 6 UZBEKISTAN Isroil Kholdorov

Charged with attempting to overthrow the constitutional order, distributing materials constituting a security threat, organizing and leading a banned organization, and illegally crossing the border. Kholdorov is a human rights activist and a regional chairperson of the Erk political party. In 2007 he was sentenced to six years in prison. In 2012 three years were added to his sentence.

RUSSIA Yaroslav Belousov

Convicted of attacking police and inciting mass riots. Belousov is a student in the Department of Politics at Moscow State University. He was involved in a “March of Millions” demonstration in Moscow’s Bolotnaya Square in 2012, protesting alleged violations in the 2011 parliamentary elections and the reelection of Vladimir Putin. In 2014 he was sentenced to two and a half years in prison.

UZBEKISTAN Azam Farmonov

Convicted of extortion. Farmonov is a rural development activist and a regional head of the independent Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan. He defended the rights of local farmers who had accused district farming officials of malpractice, extortion, and corruption. In 2006 he was sentenced to nine years in prison. He has testified to being tortured.

TRACE | Zone 6 KAZAKHSTAN Roza Tuletaeva

Convicted of organization of mass unrest accompanied by violence. Tuletaeva is a human rights activist and one of the leaders of a 2011 workers’ strike against the oil company OzenMunaiGaz that resulted in a clash between police, oil workers, and the public. In 2012 she was sentenced to seven years in prison. She has testified to being tortured.

NORTH KOREA Oh Kyu-won Suk-ja

Indefinitely detained. Oh is a South Korean citizen. Her father, Oh Kil-nam, moved his family to North Korea to work as an economist and to obtain treatment for his wife’s hepatitis. In 1986 he requested political asylum in Denmark. The following year Kyu-won, her sister, Hae-won, and their mother, Shin Suk-ja, were imprisoned, apparently because Oh Kil- nam did not return to North Korea.

UZBEKISTAN Akzam Turgunov

Convicted of extortion. Turgunov is a leading figure in the human rights and opposition movements in Uzbekistan. He founded Mazlum, an organization that advocates for prisoners of conscience and protests against the use of torture, and was director of the Tashkent section of Erk, an opposition political party. In 2008 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

TRACE | Zone 6 UZBEKISTAN Gaybullo Jalilov

Charged with a variety of security-related charges including terrorism, incitement of hatred, dissemination of materials containing threats to public safety, and participation in a banned organization. Jalilov is a prominent human rights activist whose work focused on violations of religious freedom. In 2010 he was sentenced to nine years in prison; later that year, his sentence was extended to 11 years.

UZBEKISTAN Dilmurod Saidov

Sentenced on extortion charges. Saidov is a journalist and a member of the human rights organization Ezgulik. He was known for defending farmers’ rights against government corruption in Samarkand. He has written many articles accusing authorities of corruption and of impoverishing the nation’s farmers. In 2009 he was sentenced to 12 and a half years in prison.

NORTH KOREA Oh Hae-won Suk-ja

Indefinitely detained. Oh is a South Korean citizen. Her father, Oh Kil-nam, moved his family to North Korea to work as an economist and to obtain treatment for his wife’s hepatitis. He requested political asylum in Denmark in 1986. The following year Hae-won, her sister, Kyu-won, and their mother, Shin Suk-ja, were imprisoned, apparently because Oh Kil-nam did not return to North Korea.

TRACE | Zone 6 NORTH KOREA Shin Suk-ja

Indefinitely detained. Shin is a South Korean citizen. Her husband, Oh Kil-nam, moved his family to North Korea to work as an economist and to obtain treatment for Shin’s hepatitis. He requested political asylum in Denmark in 1986. The following year Shin and her daughters were imprisoned, apparently because Oh did not return to North Korea. Authorities have stated that Shin has died of hepatitis.

THAILAND Somyot Prueksakasemsuk

Convicted of lèse majesté, the crime of criticizing the king. Somyot is a labor rights activist and magazine editor. He published two pseudonymous articles that were critical of a fictional character interpreted by the court as representing King Bhumibol Adulyadej. He was arrested after launching a petition calling for parliamentary review of the lèse-majesté law. In 2013 he was sentenced to 11 years in prison.

INDIA Irom Sharmila Chanu

Charged with an attempt to commit suicide. Chanu is a political and civil rights activist. She began a hunger strike in 2000 to protest the killing of 10 civilians who were allegedly shot by Indian paramilitary forces. Since then she has been arrested, released, and re-arrested every year. Currently she is held in a hospital security ward, where she is force-fed. This is the 14th year of her fast.

TRACE | Zone 6 INDONESIA Joni Sinay

Sentenced for treason. Sinay was among 20 members of the South Moluccan Republic group who were jailed for a 2007 protest in which they danced and unfurled a flag of their self-proclaimed republic in front of Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the provincial capital of Ambon. In 2008 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.

LAOS Seng-Aloun Phengphanh

Convicted of treason. Seng-Aloun was a member of a student pro-democracy group that publicly called for human rights, the release of political prisoners, a multiparty political system, and elections for a new National Assembly. He was arrested for trying to peacefully display posters calling for economic, political, and social change in Laos. In 1999 he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

INDONESIA Johan Teterisa

Convicted of treason. Teterisa is an elementary school teacher. He was among 20 members of the South Moluccan Republic group who were jailed for a 2007 protest in which they danced and unfurled a flag of their self-proclaimed republic in front of Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the provincial capital of Ambon. In 2008 he was sentenced to life in prison.

TRACE | Zone 6 INDONESIA Filep Karma

Charged with treason. Karma is a prominent advocate for the rights of Indonesia’s Papuan population. He was arrested for taking part in a peaceful ceremony in which a flag was raised bearing a Papuan symbol. Thereafter, activists clashed with police. In 2005 Karma was sentenced to 15 years in prison. He was nominated for the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize.

TRACE | Zone 6

Name and Zone Binh, Tran Vu Anh ...... 4 Aamer, Shaker ...... 1 Boroujerdi, Sayed Hossein Kazemeyni ...... 3 Abd el-Fattah, Alaa ...... 2 Chanu, Irom Sharmila ...... 6 Abdulla, Memetjan ...... 5 Chen Guangcheng ...... 5 Abdurahmanov, Salijon ...... 6 Chen Wei ...... 5 Abedini, Abolfazl ...... 3 Chen Xi ...... 4 Abu Deeb, Mahdi ...... 3 Chuong, Doan Huy ...... 4 Ahari, Shiva Nazar ...... 3 Davoodi, Arzhang ...... 3 Ahmad, Walid Yunis ...... 2 Depestre, Iván Fernández ...... 1 al-’Ekri, ‘Ali ‘Esa Mansoor ...... 2 Do, Thich Quang ...... 4 al-Ajami, Mohammed ...... 2 Dolma Kyab ...... 5 al-Dhufairi, Saleh Mohammed ...... 2 Douma, Ahmed ...... 1 al-Hamid, Abdullah ...... 2 Farmonov, Azam ...... 6 al-Hashimi, Saud ...... 2 Fateel, Naji ...... 2 al-Jaidah, Mahmoud Abdulrahman ...... 2 Fatty, Alhagie Sambou ...... 1 al-Khawaja, Abdulhadi ...... 2 Fatty, Malang ...... 2 al-Khawaja, Salah ...... 2 Gangkye Drubpa Kyab ...... 5 al-Mahroos, Abdulla ...... 2 Gao Zhisheng ...... 5 al-Mallohi, Tal ...... 3 Gartse Jigme ...... 4 al-Mansoori, Mohammad ...... 2 Gedhun Choekyi Nyima ...... 4 al-Miqdad, Abdel-Jalil ...... 2 Gong Shengliang ...... 5 al-Miqdad, Mohamed Habib ...... 2 Guliyev, Bakhtiyar ...... 2 al-Mukhodher, Abdulhadi ‘Abdullah Hassan . . 2 Guo Quan ...... 5 al-Naqi, Hamad ...... 2 Hai, Nguyen Van ...... 4 al-Nuri, Sa’eed Mirza ...... 2 Hamoodi, Shakir ...... 1 al-Qahtani, Mohammad Fahad ...... 2 Hanh, Do Thi Minh ...... 4 al-Rashudi, Suleiman ...... 2 Hao, Ngo ...... 4 al-Roken, Mohammad ...... 2 Hedayat, Bahareh ...... 3 al-Saeed, Omar ...... 2 Hesami, Faran ...... 3 al-Singace, Abduljalil ...... 2 Hung, Nguyen Doan Quoc ...... 4 Alemu, Reeyot ...... 1 Hussain, Abdulwahab ...... 2 Alhammadi, Hussain Ali Alnajjar ...... 2 Ibrahim, Meriam ...... 1 Alibeyli, Sardar ...... 1 Jalilov, Gaybullo ...... 6 Amouee, Bahman Ahmadi ...... 3 Jawad, Mohamed Hassan ...... 2 Annaniyazov, Gulgeldy ...... 1 Jigme Gyatso ...... 4 Arage, Andualem ...... 1 Kaboudvand, Mohammad Seddigh ...... 3 Askarov, Azimjan ...... 6 Kamalabadi, Fariba ...... 3 Aung San Suu Kyi ...... 4 Karma Samdup ...... 5 Azat, Nijat ...... 5 Karma, Filep ...... 6 Azizov, Mammad ...... 2 Kha, Dinh Nguyen ...... 4 Barabanov, Andrei ...... 6 Khanjani, Jamaloddin ...... 3 Bay, Lu Van ...... 4 Khanjani, Navid ...... 3 Belousov, Yaroslav ...... 6 Khenpo Kartse ...... 5 Bialiatski, Ales ...... 1 Kholdorov, Isroil ...... 6

TRACE | Indexes Khuong, Ho Thi Bich ...... 4 Saviolov, Artiom ...... 6 King, Martin Luther, Jr...... 1 Seifzadeh, Mohammad ...... 3 Kiriakou, John ...... 1 Seng-Aloun Phengphanh ...... 6 Kokabee, Omid ...... 3 Shahabi, Reza ...... 3 Kozlov, Vladimir ...... 6 Sharif, Ebrahim ...... 2 Krivov, Sergei ...... 6 Shawo Tashi ...... 5 Kunchok Tsephel Gopey Tsang ...... 5 Shin Suk-ja ...... 6 Li Bifeng ...... 5 Sinay, Joni ...... 6 Li Tie ...... 5 Snowden, Edward ...... 1 Li Wangyang ...... 4 Solomon, Petros ...... 1 Liu Xianbin ...... 5 Soltani, Abdolfattah ...... 3 Liu Xiaobo ...... 5 Sombath Somphone ...... 4 Lolo ...... 4 Somyot Prueksakasemsuk ...... 6 Lutskevich, Denis ...... 6 Statkevich, Mikola ...... 2 Maher, Ahmed ...... 1 Tan Zuoren ...... 5 Mammadli, Uzeyir ...... 1 Tan, Ta Phong ...... 4 Mammadov, Bakhtiyar ...... 2 Tashi Rabten ...... 4 Mammadov, Hilal ...... 1 Tavakkoli, Behrouz ...... 3 Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla ...... 1 Taye, Woubshet ...... 1 Manning, Chelsea ...... 1 Tenzin Delek Rinpoche ...... 5 Mekonnen, Natnael ...... 1 Teterisa, Johan ...... 6 Melikov, Dashgin ...... 1 Thongpaseuth Keuakoun ...... 6 Metinpour, Sa’id ...... 3 Thuc, Tran Huynh Duy ...... 4 Meyomesse, Dieudonné Enoh ...... 1 Tizfahm, Vahid ...... 3 Mshaima’, Hasan ...... 2 Tohti, Ilham ...... 5 Nabavi, Sayed Ziaoddin ...... 3 Tri, Vo Minh ...... 4 Naeimi, Afif ...... 3 Tuletaeva, Roza ...... 6 Nega, Eskinder ...... 1 Tun Aung ...... 4 Nghia, Nguyen Xuan ...... 4 Tung, Le Thanh ...... 6 Niyaz, Gheyret ...... 5 Turgunov, Akzam ...... 6 Oh Hae-won Suk-ja ...... 6 Udaltsov, Sergei ...... 6 Oh Kyu-won Suk-ja ...... 6 Uwimana Nkusi, Agnes ...... 1 Polikhovitch, Aleksey ...... 6 Vitishko, Yevgeny ...... 6 Quan, Le Quoc ...... 4 Wang Bingzhang ...... 5 Rahimian, Kamran ...... 3 Wei Jingsheng ...... 5 Ramazanov, Rashad ...... 2 Woldetensae, Haile ...... 1 Rezaie, Saeid ...... 3 Xu Zhiyong ...... 4 Ronaghi Maleki, Hossein ...... 3 Yasin, Nurmuhemmet ...... 5 Runggye Adak ...... 5 Yazdi, Ebrahim ...... 3 Rustamzade, Ilkin ...... 2 Yimit, Alimjan ...... 5 Sabet, Mahvash ...... 3 Zhang Lin ...... 5 Saidov, Dilmurod ...... 6 Zhao Changqing ...... 5 Samimi, Keyvan ...... 3 Zhao Lianhai ...... 5 Sanneh, Amadou ...... 1 Zhu Yufu ...... 5 Zimin, Stepan ...... 6

TRACE | Indexes Name and Zone by Country China (continued) Azerbaijan Gao Zhisheng ...... 5 Sardar Alibeyli ...... 1 Gartse Jigme ...... 4 Mammad Azizov ...... 2 Gedhun Choekyi Nyima ...... 4 Bakhtiyar Guliyev ...... 2 Gong Shengliang ...... 5 Uzeyir Mammadli ...... 1 Guo Quan ...... 5 Bakhtiyar Mammadov ...... 2 Jigme Gyatso ...... 4 Hilal Mammadov ...... 1 Karma Samdup ...... 5 Dashgin Melikov ...... 1 Khenpo Kartse ...... 5 Rashad Ramazanov ...... 2 Kunchok Tsephel Gopey Tsang ...... 5 Ilkin Rustamzade ...... 2 Li Bifeng ...... 5 Bahrain Li Tie ...... 5 Mahdi Abu Deeb ...... 3 Li Wangyang ...... 4 Ali ‘Esa Mansoor al-’Ekri ...... 2 Liu Xianbin ...... 5 Abdulhadi al-Khawaja ...... 2 Liu Xiaobo ...... 5 Salah al-Khawaja ...... 2 Lolo ...... 4 Abdulla al-Mahroos ...... 2 Gheyret Niyaz ...... 5 Abdel-Jalil al-Miqdad ...... 2 Runggye Adak ...... 5 Mohamed Habib al-Miqdad ...... 2 Shawo Tashi ...... 5 Abdulhadi ‘Abdullah Hassan al-Mukhodher . . 2 Tan Zuoren ...... 5 Sa’eed Mirza al-Nuri ...... 2 Tashi Rabten ...... 4 Abduljalil al-Singace ...... 2 Tenzin Delek Rinpoche ...... 5 Naji Fateel ...... 2 Ilham Tohti ...... 5 Abdulwahab Hussain ...... 2 Wang Bingzhang ...... 5 Mohamed Hassan Jawad ...... 2 Wei Jingsheng ...... 5 Hasan Mshaima’ ...... 2 Xu Zhiyong ...... 4 Ebrahim Sharif ...... 2 Nurmuhemmet Yasin ...... 5 Belarus Alimjan Yimit ...... 5 Ales Bialiatski ...... 1 Zhang Lin ...... 5 Mikola Statkevich ...... 2 Zhao Changqing ...... 5 Burma Zhao Lianhai ...... 5 Aung San Suu Kyi ...... 4 Zhu Yufu ...... 5 Tun Aung ...... 4 Cuba Cameroon Iván Fernández Depestre ...... 1 Dieudonné Enoh Meyomesse ...... 1 Egypt China Alaa Abd el-Fattah ...... 2 Memetjan Abdulla ...... 5 Ahmed Douma ...... 1 Nijat Azat ...... 5 Ahmed Maher ...... 1 Chen Guangcheng ...... 5 Eritrea Chen Wei ...... 5 Petros Solomon ...... 1 Chen Xi ...... 4 Haile Woldetensae ...... 1 Dolma Kyab ...... 5 Gangkye Drubpa Kyab ...... 5

TRACE | Indexes Ethiopia Iraq Reeyot Alemu ...... 1 Walid Yunis Ahmad ...... 2 Andualem Arage ...... 1 Kazakhstan Natnael Mekonnen ...... 1 Vladimir Kozlov ...... 6 Eskinder Nega ...... 1 Roza Tuletaeva ...... 6 Woubshet Taye ...... 1 Kuwait Gambia Hamad al-Naqi ...... 2 Alhagie Sambou Fatty ...... 1 Kyrgyzstan Malang Fatty ...... 2 Azimjan Askarov ...... 6 Amadou Sanneh ...... 1 Laos India Seng-Aloun Phengphanh ...... 6 Irom Sharmila Chanu ...... 6 Sombath Somphone ...... 4 Indonesia Thongpaseuth Keuakoun ...... 6 Filep Karma ...... 6 North Korea Joni Sinay ...... 6 Oh Hae-won Suk-ja ...... 6 Johan Teterisa ...... 6 Oh Kyu-won Suk-ja ...... 6 Iran Shin Suk-ja ...... 6 Abolfazl Abedini ...... 3 Qatar Shiva Nazar Ahari ...... 3 Mohammed al-Ajami ...... 2 Bahman Ahmadi Amouee ...... 3 Russia Sayed Hossein Kazemeyni Boroujerdi ...... 3 Andrei Barabanov ...... 6 Arzhang Davoodi ...... 3 Yaroslav Belousov ...... 6 Bahareh Hedayat ...... 3 Sergei Krivov ...... 6 Faran Hesami ...... 3 Denis Lutskevich ...... 6 Mohammad Seddigh Kaboudvand ...... 3 Aleksey Polikhovitch ...... 6 Fariba Kamalabadi ...... 3 Artiom Saviolov ...... 6 Jamaloddin Khanjani ...... 3 Sergei Udaltsov ...... 6 Navid Khanjani ...... 3 Yevgeny Vitishko ...... 6 Omid Kokabee ...... 3 Stepan Zimin ...... 6 Sa’id Metinpour ...... 3 Rwanda Sayed Ziaoddin Nabavi ...... 3 Agnes Uwimana Nkusi ...... 1 Afif Naeimi ...... 3 Saudi Arabia Kamran Rahimian ...... 3 Abdullah al-Hamid ...... 2 Saeid Rezaie ...... 3 Saud al-Hashimi ...... 2 Hossein Ronaghi Maleki ...... 3 Mohammad Fahad al-Qahtani ...... 2 Mahvash Sabet ...... 3 Suleiman al-Rashudi ...... 2 Keyvan Samimi ...... 3 Omar al-Saeed ...... 2 Mohammad Seifzadeh ...... 3 South Africa Reza Shahabi ...... 3 Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ...... 1 Abdolfattah Soltani ...... 3 Sudan Behrouz Tavakkoli ...... 3 Meriam Ibrahim ...... 1 Vahid Tizfahm ...... 3 Syria Ebrahim Yazdi ...... 3 Tal al-Mallohi ...... 3

TRACE | Indexes Thailand Somyot Prueksakasemsuk ...... 6 Turkmenistan Gulgeldy Annaniyazov ...... 1 United Arab Emirates Saleh Mohammed al-Dhufairi ...... 2 Mahmoud Abdulrahman al-Jaidah ...... 2 Mohammad al-Mansoori ...... 2 Mohammad al-Roken ...... 2 Hussain Ali Alnajjar Alhammadi ...... 2 United States Shaker Aamer ...... 1 Shakir Hamoodi ...... 1 Martin Luther King, Jr...... 1 John Kiriakou ...... 1 Chelsea Manning ...... 1 Edward Snowden ...... 1 Uzbekistan Salijon Abdurahmanov ...... 6 Azam Farmonov ...... 6 Gaybullo Jalilov ...... 6 Isroil Kholdorov ...... 6 Dilmurod Saidov ...... 6 Akzam Turgunov ...... 6 Vietnam Lu Van Bay ...... 4 Tran Vu Anh Binh ...... 4 Doan Huy Chuong ...... 4 Thich Quang Do ...... 4 Nguyen Van Hai ...... 4 Do Thi Minh Hanh ...... 4 Ngo Hao ...... 4 Nguyen Doan Quoc Hung ...... 4 Dinh Nguyen Kha ...... 4 Ho Thi Bich Khuong ...... 4 Nguyen Xuan Nghia ...... 4 Le Quoc Quan ...... 4 Ta Phong Tan ...... 4 Tran Huynh Duy Thuc ...... 4 Vo Minh Tri ...... 4 Le Thanh Tung ...... 6

TRACE | Indexes