Trace This artwork pays tribute to prisoners of conscience, human rights activists, and other people who have been detained or exiled because of their beliefs or affiliations. Ai Weiwei selected these individuals based on information provided by Amnesty International and other human rights organizations, as well as independent research by the artist’s studio and the FOR-SITE Foundation. Research was completed in June 2014; the status of the individuals represented may have changed since that time. More Online • Connect to free WiFi: Free @Large Alcatraz WiFi • Share your comments and photos on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram: #AiWeiweiAlcatraz • Access a digital version of the information in these pages: Trace.AiWeiweiAlcatraz.org • Get more information about prisoners of conscience: amnesty.org Visit Yours Truly , Ai Weiwei’s installation in the Dining Hall, to write postcards to detainees represented in Trace . The images in this guide are preliminary design renderings; details of the finished artwork may vary. Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 TRACE | Zone Map Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 TRACE | Zone Map TRACE | Zone 1 Chelsea Manning Ahmed Douma Woubshet Taye Sardar Alibeyli Shakir Hamoodi Gulgeldy Annaniyazov John Kiriakou Andualem Arage Natnael Mekonnen Hilal Mammadov Petros Solomon Martin Luther King, Jr. Shaker Aamer Reeyot Alemu Amadou Sanneh Eskinder Nega Alhagie Sambou Fatty Edward Snowden Ahmed Maher Uzeyir Mammadli Haile Woldetensae Iván Fernández Depestre Dieudonné Enoh Meyomesse Dashgin Melikov Agnes Uwimana Nkusi Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Ales Bialiatski Meriam Ibrahim TRACE | Zone 1 TRACE | Zone 1 UNITED STATES Chelsea Manning Convicted of violations of the Espionage Act and other offenses. Manning (formerly Bradley Manning) is a US Army soldier who released the largest set of classified documents ever leaked to the public. Manning was sentenced in 2013 to 35 years confinement with the possibility of parole in eight years, and to be dishonorably discharged from the Army. EGYPT Ahmed Douma Convicted of participation in illegal protests. Douma is a prominent activist and blogger who has famously been arrested under each consecutive Egyptian government in recent years. He was arrested following a protest organized by the No Military Trials for Civilians campaign in defiance of a new restrictive protest law. In 2013 he was sentenced to three years in prison with hard labor. ETHIOPIA Woubshet Taye Convicted of terrorism. Taye was the deputy editor of the independent weekly The Awramba Times, a leading opposition media voice. He had reported on the Beka! (Enough!) movement in 2011 that called for peaceful protests. He was detained in 2011 and held incommunicado before being sentenced to 14 years in prison. TRACE | Zone 1 AZERBAIJAN Sardar Alibeyli Convicted of hooliganism. Alibeyli is the editor of the newspaper Nota Bene and its accompanying website PS Nota, which has published commentaries by exiled politicians and army officers who accuse the president of corruption, human rights abuses, and authoritarianism. In 2013 he was sentenced to four years in prison. UNITED STATES Shakir Hamoodi Pled guilty to engaging in a conspiracy to violate the International Economic Emergency Powers Act. Hamoodi is an Iraqi American nuclear engineer. He sent money to family and friends in Iraq for humanitarian purposes during US sanctions. In 2002 he criticized the Bush administration’s plan to attack Iraq. In 2012 he was sentenced to three years in prison and three years probation. His crime is no longer illegal. TURKMENISTAN Gulgeldy Annaniyazov Convicted of crossing the border without valid travel documents. Annaniyazov is a human rights activist and dissident. He was imprisoned for organizing a nonviolent antigovernment demonstration in 1995. The government released him after five years, and he fled with his family to Norway. He returned to Turkmenistan in 2008 and was arrested and sentenced to 11 years in prison. He is detained incommunicado. TRACE | Zone 1 UNITED STATES John Kiriakou Pled guilty to violating the Intelligence Identities Protection Act. Kiriakou is a former CIA officer and counterterrorism official who disclosed to a reporter the name of an agency officer who had been involved in the CIA’s program to hold and interrogate detainees. In 2007 he publicly discussed the use of the suffocation technique known as waterboarding. In 2013 he was sentenced to 30 months in prison. ETHIOPIA Andualem Arage Convicted of terrorism under the Anti- Terrorism Proclamation. Arage is vice chairman of the opposition party Unity for Democracy and Justice. He was arrested while promoting the amendment or abrogation of the proclamation and the release of political and religious leaders and journalists. He was accused of links to a pro-Eritrean group designated as a terrorist organization. In 2012 he was sentenced to life in prison. ETHIOPIA Natnael Mekonnen Convicted of terrorism under the Anti- Terrorism Proclamation. Mekonnen is a member of the opposition party Unity for Democracy and Justice. He publicly discussed whether Middle East–style uprisings could spread to Ethiopia, and was accused of links to a pro-Eritrean group designated as a terrorist organization. In 2012 he was sentenced to 18 years in prison. He has testified to being tortured. TRACE | Zone 1 AZERBAIJAN Hilal Mammadov Convicted of illegal drug possession, treason, and incitement to national, racial, or religious hatred. Mammadov is a journalist and human rights activist and the chief editor of the only Azerbaijani newspaper printed in the minority Talysh language; he is known as an activist on behalf of the Talysh people. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison. ERITREA Petros Solomon Held without charge. Solomon was an Eritrean People’s Liberation Front commander during the Eritrean War of Independence, and served in several cabinet positions. He was also a member of a group that published an open letter to the government and President Isaias Afewerki calling for “democratic dialogue.” Since 2001 he has been held incommunicado in an undisclosed location. UNITED STATES Martin Luther King, Jr. Arrested 30 times, charged with calling for and participating in illegal gatherings. King was a clergyman, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African American Civil Rights Movement; he is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in 1968. TRACE | Zone 1 UNITED STATES Shaker Aamer Held without trial or charge. A Saudi citizen and British legal resident, Aamer was originally suspected of leading anti-US forces in Afghanistan while being paid by Osama bin Laden. He has been detained since 2001. He was cleared for release by the Bush administration in 2007 and by the Obama administration in 2009, but remains in detention in Guantánamo. He says that he has been subject to torture. ETHIOPIA Reeyot Alemu Sentenced under the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation. Alemu is a journalist, founder of a publishing house, and editor of the magazine Feteh . Her articles covered social and political affairs as well as poverty and gender issues. In 2012 she received the Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women’s Media Foundation. She is serving a five-year prison sentence. GAMBIA Amadou Sanneh Charged with intent to bring hatred or contempt or to excite disaffection against the person of the president of the Republic of The Gambia. Sanneh is the treasurer of the opposition United Democratic Party (UDP). He had written a letter supporting the asylum application of UDP member Malang Fatty, claiming government persecution. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison. He has testified to being tortured. TRACE | Zone 1 ETHIOPIA Eskinder Nega Convicted of treason, outrages against the Constitution, and incitement to armed conspiracy. Nega published an online column critical of the use of the terrorism law to silence dissent and calling for the Ethiopian government to respect freedom of expression and end torture in the country’s prisons. In 2012 he was sentenced to 18 years in prison. GAMBIA Alhagie Sambou Fatty Convicted of sedition. Fatty is a member of the opposition United Democratic Party (UDP) and the brother of Malang Fatty; he asked UDP Treasurer Amadou Sanneh to write a document supporting Malang’s application for asylum. In 2013 he was sentenced to five years in prison. He has testified to being tortured. UNITED STATES Edward Snowden Charged with espionage and theft of government property. Snowden is a computer specialist, former employee of the Central Intelligence Agency, and former contractor for the National Security Agency. He disclosed thousands of classified documents revealing details of global surveillance programs. He currently lives in an undisclosed location in Russia; he is considered a fugitive by American authorities. TRACE | Zone 1 EGYPT Ahmed Maher Sentenced for protesting a new Egyptian law banning all protests. Maher is a civil engineer, one of the cofounders of the April 6 Youth Movement, and a prominent participant in the anti-Mubarak demonstrations in Egypt in 2011. He has earned a Nobel Peace Prize nomination for his work toward democratic reform. In 2013 he was sentenced to three years in prison. AZERBAIJAN Uzeyir Mammadli Convicted of the illegal possession of firearms and explosives and planning to organize acts of public disorder. Mammadli is a member of NIDA, a youth opposition movement active on social media that is highly critical of the government. In 2014 he was sentenced to seven years in prison. ERITREA Haile Woldetensae Detained indefinitely. Woldetensae was the minister of finance and development and later minister of foreign affairs in Eritrea. He was a member of a group that published an open letter to the government and President Isaias Afewerki calling for “democratic dialogue.” Since 2001 he has been held incommunicado in an undisclosed location. TRACE | Zone 1 CUBA Iván Fernández Depestre Charged with dangerousness—the special proclivity of a person to commit crimes.