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The Home Front in Chingford 1939 – 1945 Gary Heales

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The Home Front in Chingford 1939 – 1945 Gary Heales Everyday life on the Second World War ‘Home Front’ in Chingford during the Second World War is vividly depicted in this publication by author Gary Heales (with companion The Home Front volumes for Walthamstow and Leyton), drawing on the unique in Chingford photographic and object collections at Vestry House Museum, 1939 – 1945 London Borough of Waltham Forest, together with personal reminiscences and other written sources. Gary Heales Chingford Historical Society Vestry House Museum, www.chingfordhistory.org.uk London Borough of Waltham Forest The Home Front in Chingford 1939 – 1945 Gary Heales The Home Front in Chingford 1939 – 1945 by Gary Heales index by David Boote Published in 2018 by Chingford Historical Society in association with Vestry House Museum, London Borough of Waltham Forest Chingford Historical Society Email: [email protected] Website: www.chingfordhistory.org.uk Telephone: 020 8559 3592 Copyright queries should be addressed to London Borough of Waltham Forest [email protected] Front cover photographs: Upper left: Women’s Voluntary Society, Mobile Feeding Centre provide tea and sandwiches for bombed out residents and ARP Rescuers working in Kings Head Hill. Upper Right: Incendiary bomb training. Lower left: Chingford Civil Defence post Warden’s Post, B1 Eglington Road, Chingford. ‘Nobby’s ‘Ole’. Lower right: Local Home Guard members. The coat of arms at the top of this page is that of the Borough of Chingford. This publication is modelled on ‘The Home Front in Walthamstow 1939 – 1945’ by Gary Heales, published by Walthamstow Historical Society and Vestry House Museum, 2016. The Home Front in Chingford 1939 – 1945 Neville Chamberlain ‘I am speaking to you from the Cabinet Room of From May 1937 to May 1940 the British Prime Minister 10 Downing Street. This morning the British was Neville Chamberlain. Unfortunately history will Ambassador in Berlin handed the German always remember him for his appeasement foreign government a final note, stating that unless we policy, and in particular for his signing of the Munich heard from them - by 11 o'clock - that they were Agreement in 1938. On arrival back in Britain from his prepared at once to withdraw their troops from meeting with Adolf Hitler he gave his now famous Poland, a state of war would exist between us. I ‘Peace in Our Time’ speech, giving false hope for last have to tell you now that no such undertaking has ing peace between Britain and Germany. However on been received and that, consequently, this country 1st September 1939, Adolf Hitler went back on his is at war with Germany”. word and launched the invasion of Poland. Declaration of war announced by Prime Minister Chamberlain was forced to broadcast to the nation, Neville Chamberlain.on BBC radio that once again Britain was at war with Germany. The King to His People "The task will be hard. There may be dark days ahead . But we can only do the right as we see the right, and reverently commit our cause to God. If one and all we keep resolutely faithful to it, ready for whatever service or sacrifice it may demand, then, with God's help, we shall prevail." On Britain’s first day of war. “Stand calm, united – we shall prevail”: The King’s radio broadcast. Neville Chamberlain led Britain through the first “We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, eight months of War, but was forced to resign on we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight 10th May 1940, after the Allies were forced retreat with growing confidence and growing strength in the from Norway. A vote of no confidence was passed air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost in Parliament and Chamberlain had no option but may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall to offer his resignation. He was succeeded as fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the Prime Minister of the coalition wartime government fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; by Winston Churchill, who at the outbreak of War we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do had been appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. In not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part June 1940 Churchill delivered one of his most of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire famous speeches of the war. It was only his beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British second speech to the House of Commons as Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's Prime Minister but it set out clearly that Britain good time, the New World, with all its intended to fight on. power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the li beration of the old.” Winston Churchill, 1940 Player’s cigarette card, showing the Hawker Hurricane fighter, which bore the brunt of the fighting during the Battle of Britain. 1 Preparation for War Although Chingford was not originally considered an area that would be included in the evacuation scheme, after representations to government it was included along with Walthamstow, Leyton and Leytonstone, and local schools were told to make necessary preparations. The area held few industrial targets for German bombers, but the Chingford The banshee drone of reservoirs were a specified target for the Luftwaffe. the air raid siren would become a The Air Raid Precautions (ARP) Headquarters (HQ) were regular feature during situated at 2 The Green Walk, Chingford, and various depots 1940. and warden’s posts were constructed at strategic points around the Borough. As in other London Boroughs the provision of adequate air-raid shelters, against the possibility of air-attack by enemy bombers, was seen as a priority. In July 1939, a Public Information Leaflet No 2 (A.R.P. training literature) had warned of the necessity of ensuring an effective blackout in the event of war. The new regulations were to be enforced by the police and ARP. An Identity card issued to under 16 year olds. Everybody was issued with an Identity Card and told to carry it with them at all times, failure to do so could mean being arrested. The interior of a public surface shelter at The Green, Chingford with six bunk beds. From the outset these shelters were unpleasant, cold, damp places with no amenities. The realisation of the fact that air- raids would go on for more than an hour or so prompted a re-think and further measures such as heating and electric lighting were gradually put in place to try to make them more comfortable. 2 Anderson and Morrison Shelters The British government implemented an air-raid shelter policy allowing for the provision of public surface shelters to be built at strategic locations in the London Boroughs. However provision was also needed in order to provide individual households with some sort of shelter accommodation. This was provided initially by the Anderson shelter, which was dug into the garden and covered by a thick layer of earth. Later the Morrison shelter, which was intended to be used inside the house, became available. These were both provided by the Government through local authorities, free of charge to householders on low incomes, and for a charge of around £7 to others. Once an Anderson shelter had been supplied it was not possible to exchange it for the more comfortable indoor ‘table’ shelter, unless on health grounds. The Anderson shelter although strong and capable of withstanding blast and debris, was cold and prone to flooding. Many people tried to make them as comfortable as possible with bunk-beds rugs and blankets, but they were always damp and claustrophobic. The Morrison shelter was made of a steel frame with a strong solid top and mesh Another view of the cramped interior of a trench sides. Being inside the house it was not subject to rainwater shelter constructed at The Green, Chingford. and damp, but would have been cramped for any more than two people. The safest place to sleep for those without a shelter was under the stairs as these were frequently seen intact after a house had collapsed. Upon hearing the air-raid warning a family would have to gather together and make their way, often in darkness, to the relative safety of the garden shelter. They would take with them important documents such as identity cards, ration books and insurance policies also any money and valuables as thieves would take full advantage of un- occupied houses and lack of police during a ‘raid’. The family would also probably try to take a flask of hot tea and something to eat if they had made provision in advance. It was also prudent to take your gas mask (respirator) and a warm blanket or eiderdown, as any bedding left in the shelter would quickly get damp. After a number of nights spent in the shelter perhaps the family might also think to take a book or two, a pack of cards or chess-set and maybe even a wireless set, if it could somehow be made to work. A few enterprising people even installed an electric light bulb, by running a cable into the house. Construction notes for an Anderson Shelter. As the raids went on for 57 consecutive nights during HMSO leaflet. the ‘London Blitz’, many people became so tired that they decided to sleep in the house rather than face another night in the Anderson Shelter, despite the dangers. 3 The above image appeared in notes for the construction of the Morrison or table shelter. This type of shelter was introduced in March 1941, for people without gardens.
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