Walter Scheidel, the Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century
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Review Essay
PAULINA MATERA* University of Lodz Rafał MateRa** University of Lodz DOI: 10.26485/PS/2017/66.4/7 REVIEW ESSAY Walter Scheidel, The great leveler. Violence and the history of inequality from the Stone Age to the twenty-first century, Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press 2017, pp. 554. THE FOUR HORSEMEN OF THE APOCALYPSE BY WALTER SCHEIDEL Abstract This article constitutes a review of the book “The great leveler” written by Walter Scheidel. We refer to the issue of constructing theories and pointing out the regularities in history. We present the scientific background of the author, as well as his inspirations from other publications of a similar kind, notably “Capital in the twenty-first century” byt homas Piketty. We analyse the ele- ments of Scheidel’s thesis that the levelling of income inequalities within the framework of states may come about only from violent shocks: mobilization warfare, transformative revolution, state failure, and lethal pandemics. We comment on each of these factors, offering a critical approach to the author’s interpretation and directions for further research. We also argue that for the studies of income disparities the estimation of data about the middle class is * Dr hab., prof. Uł, Department of american and Media Studies, faculty of International and Political Studies; e-mail: [email protected] ** Dr hab., prof. Uł, Department of History of economic thought and economic History, Faculty of Economics and Sociology; e-mail: [email protected] 126 PaUlIna MateRa, Rafał MateRa crucial, as the lack of or small scope of it is the most dangerous for domes- tic stability. -
A Historiography of the Study of the Roman Economy: Economic Growth, Development, and Neoliberalism Author: Matthew S
Paper Information: Title: A Historiography of the Study of the Roman Economy: Economic Growth, Development, and Neoliberalism Author: Matthew S. Hobson Pages: 11–26 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2013_i_iii Publication Date: 04 April 2014 Volume Information: Platts, H., Pearce, J., Barron, C., Lundock, J., and Yoo, J. (eds) 2014. TRAC 2013: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, King’s College, London 2013. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Copyright and Hardcopy Editions: The following paper was originally published in print format by Oxbow Books for TRAC. Hard copy editions of this volume may still be available, and can be purchased direct from Oxbow at http://www.oxbowbooks.com. TRAC has now made this paper available as Open Access through an agreement with the publisher. Copyright remains with TRAC and the individual author(s), and all use or quotation of this paper and/or its contents must be acknowledged. This paper was released in digital Open Access format in July 2017 A Historiography of the Study of the Roman Economy: Economic Growth, Development, and Neoliberalism Matthew S. Hobson Introduction This paper attempts a historiography of the study of the Roman economy over the last forty years. It is argued that a new paradigm, used in the sense of a broad set of values, assumptions and concepts shared by those within the field, began to emerge during the 1980s, reaching its most concrete form in the middle of the last decade with the publication of the Cambridge Economic History of the Graeco-Roman World (Scheidel et al. 2007a). The new paradigm manifests itself most clearly in the adoption of the ideological outlook of development economics, a body of economic theory which first came into being in the immediate post-war period with the ostensible motive of removing poverty from the ‘underdeveloped’ parts of the globe (Escobar 1995: 3–12, 21–54). -
Contents More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-67307-6 - The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World Edited by Walter Scheidel, Ian Morris and Richard Saller Table of Contents More information CONTENTS List of maps page viii List of figures ix List of tables xi Acknowledgments xii List of abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1 ian morris (Stanford University), richard p. saller (Stanford University), and walter scheidel (Stanford University) PART I: DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE 2 Ecology 15 robert sallares (University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology) 3 Demography 38 walter scheidel (Stanford University) 4 Household and gender 87 richard p. saller (Stanford University) 5 Law and economic institutions 113 bruce w. frier (University of Michigan) and dennis p. kehoe (Tulane University) 6 Technology 144 helmuth schneider (University of Kassel) v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-67307-6 - The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World Edited by Walter Scheidel, Ian Morris and Richard Saller Table of Contents More information vi contents PART II: EARLY MEDITERRANEAN ECONOMIES AND THE NEAR EAST 7 The Aegean Bronze Age 175 john bennet (University of Sheffield) 8 Early Iron Age Greece 211 ian morris (Stanford University) 9 The Iron Age in the western Mediterranean 242 michael dietler (University of Chicago) 10 Archaic Greece 277 robin osborne (Cambridge University) 11 The Persian Near East 302 peter r. bedford (Union College) PART III: CLASSICAL GREECE 12 Classical Greece: Production 333 john k. davies (University of Liverpool) 13 Classical Greece: Distribution 362 astrid moller¨ (University of Freiburg) 14 Classical Greece: Consumption 385 sitta von reden (University of Freiburg) PART IV: THE HELLENISTIC STATES 15 The Hellenistic Near East 409 robartus j. -
Download RISJ Annual Report 2016-2017
Annual Report 2016-2017 Contents Reuters Institute Annual Report 2016-2017 01 Foreword 02 Preface 04 The Year in Review 10 The Journalist Fellowship Programme 26 Research and Publication 46 Events 56 About us Opposite: A protester holds a national flag as a bank branch, housed in the magistracy of the Supreme Court of Justice, burns during a rally against Venezuela’s President Nicolas Maduro, in Caracas, Venezuela June 12, 2017. REUTERS/Carlos Garcia Rawlins Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 00 Foreword Preface Monique Villa Alan Rusbridger CEO - Thomson Reuters Foundation Chair of the Steering Committee ‘What is the Thomson Reuters It’s difficult not to feel a twinge And then there are the journalism Foundation doing to counter the We are navigating through of sympathy for anyone editing fellows who fly in from all quarters issue of fake news?’ I lost count uncharted waters. It is precisely at or otherwise running a media of the globe to spend months of the many times I got asked that times like these that we need an organisation these days. Someone in Oxford solving problems and question this year. My answer is institution able to guide the industry once memorably compared the thinking about diverse possibilities. simple: we fund one of the world’s with courage and competence. I know task to rebuilding a 747 in mid-flight. leading centres promoting excellence we are in good hands: Alan Rusbridger, the It’s very difficult to see where you’re These opportunities to talk, share, think, in journalism. Chair of the Steering Committee, is certainly the flying. -
Roman Population Size: the Logic of the Debate
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Roman population size: the logic of the debate Version 2.0 July 2007 Walter Scheidel Stanford University Abstract: This paper provides a critical assessment of the current state of the debate about the number of Roman citizens and the size of the population of Roman Italy. Rather than trying to make a case for a particular reading of the evidence, it aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of rival approaches and examine the validity of existing arguments and critiques. After a brief survey of the evidence and the principal positions of modern scholarship, it focuses on a number of salient issues such as urbanization, military service, labor markets, political stability, living standards, and carrying capacity, and considers the significance of field surveys and comparative demographic evidence. © Walter Scheidel. [email protected] 1 1. Roman population size: why it matters Our ignorance of ancient population numbers is one of the biggest obstacles to our understanding of Roman history. After generations of prolific scholarship, we still do not know how many people inhabited Roman Italy and the Mediterranean at any given point in time. When I say ‘we do not know’ I do not simply mean that we lack numbers that are both precise and safely known to be accurate: that would surely be an unreasonably high standard to apply to any pre-modern society. What I mean is that even the appropriate order of magnitude remains a matter of intense dispute. This uncertainty profoundly affects modern reconstructions of Roman history in two ways. First of all, our estimates of overall Italian population number are to a large extent a direct function of our views on the size of the Roman citizenry, and inevitably shape any broader guesses concerning the demography of the Roman empire as a whole. -
Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. -
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics In search of Roman economic growth Version 1.0 June 2008 Walter Scheidel Stanford University Abstract: This paper seeks to relate proxy indices of economic performance to competing hypotheses of sustainable and unsustainable intensive economic growth in the Roman world. It considers the economic relevance of certain types of archaeological data, the potential of income-centered indices of economic performance, and the complex relationship between economic growth and incomes documented in the more recent past, and concludes with a conjectural argument in support of a Malthusian model of unsustainable economic growth triggered by integration. © Walter Scheidel. [email protected] Introduction In 2002, Richard Saller urged Roman historians to define their terms in discussing ‘economic growth’. He emphasized the necessity of distinguishing gross or extensive growth from per capita or intensive growth and argued that the observed upturn in economic indicators in the late republican and early monarchical periods may well be compatible with a fairly low annual rate of intensive growth of less than 0.1 percent. He also identified the need for explanations of the abatement of signs of economic expansion and the timing of this phenomenon.1 A new paper by Peter Temin meets this demand by introducing alternative models of the nature of growth that are susceptible to empirical testing. He invites us to choose between “a single spurt of productivity change whose effects were gradually eroded by Malthusian pressures” and the notion “that Roman productivity growth continued until some unrelated factors inhibited it”.2 Testable working hypotheses about the nature of Roman economic growth are essential but have so far been absent from the debate. -
Rome, China, and the First Great Divergence
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics From the ‘Great Convergence’ to the ‘First Great Divergence’: Roman and Qin-Han state formation and its aftermath Version 2.1 November 2007 Walter Scheidel Stanford University Abstract: This paper provides a synoptic outline of convergent trends in state formation in western and eastern Eurasia from the early first millennium BCE to the mid-first millennium CE and considers the problem of subsequent divergence. © Walter Scheidel. [email protected] Twin empires? Two thousand years ago, perhaps half of the entire human species had come under the control of just two powers, the Roman and Han empires at opposite ends of the Eurasia. Both entities were broadly similar in terms of size.1 Both of them were run by god-like emperors residing in the largest cities the world had seen so far; both states were made up of some 1,500 to 2,000 administrative districts and, at least at times, employed hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Both states laid claim to ruling the whole world, orbis terrarum and tianxia, while both encountered similar competition for surplus between central government and local elites, similar pressures generated by secondary state formation beyond their frontiers and subsequent ‘barbarian’ infiltration, and both of them even ended in similar ways: One half, the original political core – the west in Europe, the north in China –, was first weakened by warlordism and then taken over by ‘barbarian’ successor states, whereas the other half was maintained by a traditionalist regime. It was only from the late sixth century CE onward that the two trajectories of state formation began to diverge, slowly at first but more dramatically over time, between the cyclical restoration of a China-wide empire in the East and the decline of empire and central government in the West, followed by the slow creation of a polycentric state system that proved resistant to any attempts to impose hegemony, let alone unification, and ultimately evolved into the now-familiar cluster of modern nation states. -
Business Wire Catalog
UK/Ireland Media Distribution to key consumer and general media with coverage of newspapers, television, radio, news agencies, news portals and Web sites via PA Media, the national news agency of the UK and Ireland. UK/Ireland Media Asian Leader Barrow Advertiser Black Country Bugle UK/Ireland Media Asian Voice Barry and District News Blackburn Citizen Newspapers Associated Newspapers Basildon Recorder Blackpool and Fylde Citizen A & N Media Associated Newspapers Limited Basildon Yellow Advertiser Blackpool Reporter Aberdeen Citizen Atherstone Herald Basingstoke Extra Blairgowrie Advertiser Aberdeen Evening Express Athlone Voice Basingstoke Gazette Blythe and Forsbrook Times Abergavenny Chronicle Australian Times Basingstoke Observer Bo'ness Journal Abingdon Herald Avon Advertiser - Ringwood, Bath Chronicle Bognor Regis Guardian Accrington Observer Verwood & Fordingbridge Batley & Birstall News Bognor Regis Observer Addlestone and Byfleet Review Avon Advertiser - Salisbury & Battle Observer Bolsover Advertiser Aintree & Maghull Champion Amesbury Beaconsfield Advertiser Bolton Journal Airdrie and Coatbridge Avon Advertiser - Wimborne & Bearsden, Milngavie & Glasgow Bootle Times Advertiser Ferndown West Extra Border Telegraph Alcester Chronicle Ayr Advertiser Bebington and Bromborough Bordon Herald Aldershot News & Mail Ayrshire Post News Bordon Post Alfreton Chad Bala - Y Cyfnod Beccles and Bungay Journal Borehamwood and Elstree Times Alloa and Hillfoots Advertiser Ballycastle Chronicle Bedford Times and Citizen Boston Standard Alsager -
Radiolovefest
BAM 2015 Winter/Spring Season #RadioLoveFest Brooklyn Academy of Music New York Public Radio Alan H. Fishman, Chairman of the Board Cynthia King Vance, Chair, Board of Trustees William I. Campbell, Vice Chairman of the Board John S. Rose, Vice Chair, Board of Trustees Adam E. Max, Vice Chairman of the Board Susan Rebell Solomon, Vice Chair, Board of Trustees Karen Brooks Hopkins, President Mayo Stuntz, Vice Chair, Board of Trustees Joseph V. Melillo, Executive Producer Laura R. Walker, President & CEO BAM and WNYC present RadioLoveFest Produced by BAM and WNYC May 5—10 LIVE PERFORMANCES Radiolab Live, May 5, 7:30pm, OH Death, Sex & Money, May 8, 7:30pm, HT Terry Gross in conversation with Marc Maron, May 6, Bullseye Comedy Night—Hosted by Jesse Thorn, 7:30pm, OH May 9, 7:30pm, OH Don’t Look Back: Stories From the Teenage Years— Selected Shorts: Uncharted Territories—A 30th The Moth & Radio Diaries, May 6, 8:30pm, HT Anniversary Event, May 9, 7:30pm, HT Eine Kleine Trivia Nacht—WQXR Classical Music Quiz WQXR Beethoven Piano Sonata Marathon, Show, May 6, 8pm, BC May 9, 10am—11:15pm, HS Wait Wait... Don’t Tell Me!®—NPR®, May 7, 7:30pm, OH Mexrrissey: Mexico Loves Morrissey, Islamophobia: A Conversation—Moderated by Razia May 10, 7:30pm, OH Iqbal, May 7, 7:30pm, HT It’s All About Richard Rodgers with Jonathan Speed Dating for Mom Friends with The Longest Schwartz, May 10, 3pm, HT Shortest Time, May 7, 7pm, BC Leonard Lopate & Locavores: Brooklyn as a Brand, Snap Judgment LIVE!, May 8, 7:30pm, OH May 10, 3pm, BC SCREENINGS—7:30pm, BRC BAMCAFÉ -
World Service Listings for 2 – 8 January 2021 Page 1 of 15 SATURDAY 02 JANUARY 2021 Arabic’S Ahmed Rouaba, Who’S from Algeria, Explains Why This with Their Heritage
World Service Listings for 2 – 8 January 2021 Page 1 of 15 SATURDAY 02 JANUARY 2021 Arabic’s Ahmed Rouaba, who’s from Algeria, explains why this with their heritage. cannon still means so much today. SAT 00:00 BBC News (w172x5p7cqg64l4) To comment on these stories and others we are joined on the The latest five minute news bulletin from BBC World Service. Remedies for the morning after programme by Emma Bullimore, a British journalist and Before coronavirus concerns in many countries, this was the broadcaster specialising in the arts, television and entertainment time of year for parties. But what’s the advice for the morning and Justin Quirk, a British writer, journalist and culture critic. SAT 00:06 BBC Correspondents' Look Ahead (w3ct1cyx) after, if you partied a little too hard? We consult Oleg Boldyrev BBC correspondents' look ahead of BBC Russian, Suping of BBC Chinese, Brazilian Fernando (Photo : Indian health workers prepare for mass vaccination Duarte and Sharon Machira of BBC Nairobi for their local drive; Credit: EPA/RAJAT GUPTA) There were times in 2020 when the world felt like an out of hangover cures. control carousel and we could all have been forgiven for just wanting to get off and to wait for normality to return. Image: Congolese house at the shoreline of Congo river SAT 07:00 BBC News (w172x5p7cqg6zt1) Credit: guenterguni/Getty Images The latest five minute news bulletin from BBC World Service. But will 2021 be any less dramatic? Joe Biden will be inaugurated in January but will Donald Trump have left the White House -
Springsteen, a Three-Minute Song, a Life of Learning
Springsteen, A Three-Minute Song, A Life of Learning by Jin Thindal M.Ed., University of Sheffield, 1992 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Curriculum Theory and Implementation Program Faculty of Education © Jin Thindal 2019 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2019 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Jin Thindal Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: Springsteen, A Three-Minute Song, A Life of Learning Examining Committee: Chair: Lynn Fels Professor Celeste Snowber Senior Supervisor Professor Allan MacKinnon Supervisor Associate Professor Michael Ling Internal Examiner Senior Lecturer Walter Gershon External Examiner Associate Professor School of Teaching, Learning & Curriculum Studies Kent State University Date Defended/Approved: December 9, 2019 ii Abstract This dissertation is an autobiographical and educational rendering of Bruce Springsteen’s influence on my life. Unbeknownst to him, Bruce Springsteen became my first proper ‘professor.’ Nowhere near the confines of a regular classroom, he opened the door to a kind of education like nothing I ever got in my formal schooling. From the very first notes of the song “Born in the U.S.A.,” he seized me and took me down a path of alternative learning. In only four minutes and forty seconds, the song revealed how little I knew of the world, despite all of my years in education, being a teacher, and holding senior positions. Like many people, I had thought that education was gained from the school system.