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An Indonesian-Dutch Influenced Traditional Food

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An Indonesian-Dutch Influenced Traditional Food JEF139_proof ■ 29 December 2017 ■ 1/6 Journal of Ethnic Foods xx (2017) 1e6 55 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 56 57 Journal of Ethnic Foods 58 59 60 journal homepage: http://journalofethnicfoods.net 61 62 63 Original Article 64 * 65 1 Klappertaart: an IndonesianeDutch influenced traditional food 66 2 67 3 *, 1 2 3 4 68 Q17 Chrisfella Cokrro Handoyo , Clarissa , Grace Claudia , Milka , 4 5 69 , Syahnazia Adinda Firdayanti 5 Q1 2 70 Q3,4 6 Nutrition and Food Technology Departement, Faculty of Life Science Surya University, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia 71 7 72 8 73 9 Q7 article info abstract 74 10 75 11 Article history: As one of the most ethnically diverse societies, Indonesia is well known for its cultural diversity such as 76 12 Received 16 October 2017 traditional practices and customs. Some of them are historically affected by colonization. Indonesia 77 13 Received in revised form experienced a colonial history under the Dutch rule for a long time. It is considered as a long colonial 5 December 2017 78 14 period that has left huge influences on various aspects of Indonesian people's lives and Indonesian Accepted 6 December 2017 79 cuisine. As a result of colonization, many Dutch tribes set foot in many regions of Indonesia. At that time, 15 Available online xxx 80 the Dutch traders who came to Manado, North Celebes, introduced a recipe of a dish that has later been 16 81 combined with Indonesian ingredients, such as coconut and spices. This study aims to analyze 17 Keywords: the influence of the Dutch culture on Indonesian dish, klappertaart. Klappertaart in Indonesian literally 82 18 Culture means “kue kelapa” or coconut cake that is usually served during special events. The cake is made from 83 19 Dutch Indonesia local ingredients such as coconut, flour, butter, eggs, milk, cinnamon, and raisins. That is what makes 84 20 Klappertaart klappertaart associated with Manado. The cake can be either baked or steamed. Nowadays, klappertaart is 85 21 Manado not only found in Manado but is also widely spread in major cities in Indonesia. 86 22 © 2017 Korea Food Research Institute. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the 87 23 CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 Introduction Every region or tribe definitely has distinct dishes to whet people's 92 28 appetite. (Figs. 1e4) 93 29 Indonesia is an archipelago country that consists of more than Indonesian diversity is not fully due to original indigenous 94 30 Q8 Q9 1,300 ethnic tribes showing cultural diversity such as languages, cultures. Many of the cultures have been influenced by the Western 95 31 food, and arts [1]. Its cultural diversity also includes local dishes world, especially Europe. Before independence, Indonesia was un- 96 32 spread in every region. Traditional dishes are a legacy of a tribe in a der the Dutch rule. In the early 20th century, many Dutch people 97 33 specific region [2]. It may be original Indonesian cuisine or the ones settled in some regions in Indonesia such as Java, Sumatra, and 98 34 that have been influenced by or adopted from other countries. other islands [3]. The impacts of colonization were always seen as 99 35 disastrous ones, but they rather left positive influence on various 100 36 aspects such as dances and traditional dishes. 101 37 102 * Statement: All authors have contributed to the paper and have never submitted Indonesian traditional dishes that have been influenced by the 38 103 the manuscript, in whole or in part, to other journals. Dutch are croquet, nastar (pineapple tart), klappertaart (coconut 39 Q6 * Corresponding author. Nutrition and Food Technology Departement, Faculty of cake), and kastengel (cheese stick). One example of the accultura- 104 40 Life Science Surya University, Gading Serpong Boulevard Street Kav. M5/21, Curug tion of Dutch and Indonesian dishes is klappertaart. It is originated 105 41 Q5 Sangereng, Kelapa Dua, Tangerang, Banten, 15810, Indonesia. from North Celebes. Klappertaart is derived from words “klapper” 106 42 E-mail addresses: [email protected] (C.C. Handoyo), chaclarissa17@ and “tart”, which are Indonesian and Dutch, respectively. “Klapper” 107 43 gmail.com (Clarissa), [email protected] (G. Claudia), [email protected] (Milka), [email protected] (S.A. Firdayanti). was originally taken from the word “kelapa” or coconut that was 108 44 1 Home address: Atlanta Village, Fulton/19, Gading Serpong, Tangerang 15810, spelled as klapper by the Dutch people at that time, whereas “taart” 109 45 Banten, Indonesia. Phone number: þ6282117713774. 110 2 is a Dutch word that refers to a cake. Klappertaart, which means 46 Home address: Atlanta Village, Fulton/19, Gading Serpong, Tangerang 15810, 111 Banten, Indonesia. Phone number: þ622121499466. coconut cake that is originated from Manado, becomes a favorite 47 112 3 Home address: Kelapa Molek 7 W2/20, Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta 14250, dessert because it tastes sweet and savory. In the colonialism 48 Indonesia. Phone number: þ6287881680295. period, the Dutch realized that Indonesians had a very large num- 113 49 4 fl Home address: Laguna Apartment, 22th oor, C-12, Penjaringan, Pluit, North ber of coconut farms. The Dutch women experimented with young 114 50 Jakarta 14450, Indonesia. Phone number: þ62817700896. 115 5 coconut meat in their tart recipe. Klappertaart is usually consumed 51 Home address: Telaga Golf, Cluster Great Britain G7/2, Sawangan, Depok 16511, 116 Indonesia. Phone number: þ6281519137819. by the upper middle class Dutch families in the East Indies. This 52 117 53 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2017.12.002 118 54 2352-6181/© 2017 Korea Food Research Institute. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ 119 licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Handoyo CC, et al., Klappertaart: an IndonesianeDutch influenced traditional food, Journal of Ethnic Foods (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2017.12.002 JEF139_proof ■ 29 December 2017 ■ 2/6 2 C.C. Handoyo et al / Journal of Ethnic Foods xx(2017) 1e6 1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 Fig. 1. (A) Rijsttafel or rice table. The word is given by the Dutch to Indonesian eating habit. All the dishes are served all at once in a table. In rijsttafel, there are appetizers, main 46 111 course, and desserts. In Indonesia, all the dishes can be eaten anytime not following the order of full course dinner. (B) The cover of the food recipes book made by the Dutch 47 women. (C) Inside the book of food recipes. Q11,12 112 48 113 49 114 50 recipe was recognized in Manado because of the native Indonesian productivity around 91 tons in a year (65%). At that time, coconuts 115 51 maids who worked for the Dutch families learned the tart recipe, were used for copra, oil, coconut milk, and others [4]. 116 52 the Indonesian educated aristocrats who become friends with the The Dutch women engaged in daily activities such as cooking 117 53 Dutch people, and its massive sales in the market which lead to and tailoring. They also liked to write books on food recipes. They 118 54 people's curiosity on how to make it. were aware that coconut is one of the most productive commod- 119 55 ities in Manado. Relating to that, they had intention to create a dish 120 56 Klappertaart out of coconut. After some attempts, they finally created a proper 121 57 dish called “klappertaart” or coconut cake [5]. This recipe spread in 122 58 Klappertaart is one of the local dishes originated from North some ways, as the Dutch women did not do all cooking. If they had 123 59 Celebes, Manado. The dish is made from coconut, walnuts, and to make cakes for their husbands, native Indonesian maids usually 124 60 raisins, and it tastes sweet and savory. Klappertaart was created were asked to do that. In addition, some of the natives classified as 125 61 experimentally by elite Dutch women of that time. They realized upper class had the chance to get around and act like the Dutch did. 126 62 that Indonesia had a very large number of coconut farms. According They eventually were curious about the cake and got the recipe 127 63 to the Directorate of History and Traditional Values, in 1984e1985, from the Dutch right away. The spread of the recipe also happened 128 64 the most productive commodities were coconut, coffee, and clove. through its sales in Indonesia, so the natives were intrigued to learn 129 65 According to the data, coconut crops reached the highest and make it at home. 130 Please cite this article in press as: Handoyo CC, et al., Klappertaart: an IndonesianeDutch influenced traditional food, Journal of Ethnic Foods (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2017.12.002 JEF139_proof ■ 29 December 2017 ■ 3/6 C.C. Handoyo et al / Journal of Ethnic Foods xx(2017) 1e6 3 1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 103 38 Fig.
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