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La Revolución En Kropotkin

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La Revolución En Kropotkin UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA ANDRÉS BELLO Estudios de Postgrado LA REVOLUCIÓN EN KROPOTKIN Estudio desde la sociología fenomenológica Volumen II Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor en Sociología Tutor: Dr. Roberto Briceño-León Autor: Jesús Civit Caracas, Noviembre de 2006 186 ÍNDICE VOLUMEN II 6. Bienestar 190 1. Las necesidades básicas 191 1. La satisfacción de las necesidades básicas 2. La revolución, las necesidades básicas y la ciencia económica 3. La revolución en función del bienestar de todos 4. El derecho a la vida consiste en el derecho al bienestar 5. La producción y el consumo 6. La división del trabajo 7. La reorganización de la producción 8. El principio de la distribución 9. El derecho al alojamiento 10. Las necesidades de lujo 11. El principio “a cada uno según sus necesidades” 2. El trabajo 202 1. Las horas indispensables en los trabajos imprescindibles para cubrir las necesidades primordiales 2. El trabajo libre es productivo y grato 3. El sistema salarial 4. El rechazo del colectivismo 5. El funcionariado 6. El trabajo doméstico 3. La propiedad 208 1. La concepción de la propiedad 2. El origen de la propiedad 3. La expropiación y la revolución 4. La abolición del derecho de propiedad 5. La devolución de la propiedad a la sociedad 6. El reparto de las tierras comunales 4. La dinámica económica 217 1. La revolución, el régimen político y el régimen económico 2. Los cambios económico-estructurales en la revolución 3. La explotación capitalista 4. La miseria es contraria al desarrollo de la revolución 5. La opresión conjunta del capital y el estado 7. Violencia 227 1. La revolución violenta 229 1. La presencia de la violencia en la revolución 2. La violencia liberadora y la opresora 3. La caracterización de los violentos 4. El combate como hecho y como mito 5. El conflicto revolucionario como lucha a muerte 6. Las masacres y los ajusticiamientos 186 187 2. La revolución armada 235 1. El temor al pueblo violento 2. El pueblo en armas 3. Los choques violentos 4. La guerra civil de exterminio 3. La guerra 240 1. La guerra no es un instrumento de la revolución 2. La guerra surge por intereses económicos 3. El espíritu de la guerra y el espíritu de la revolución 4. La revolución como guerra asimétrica 4. El terror 245 1. La revolución aniquiladora 2. La revolución política conduce al terror 3. La desintegración de la revolución se manifiesta en el terror 4. La represión y el terror soviéticos 5. El delito y la revolución 248 1. La conexión de la revolución con el delito y el estado 2. La atribución de la delincuencia a la sociedad 3. El predominio de la tendencia al bien 4. La ineficacia de las instituciones penales y del sistema carcelario 5. La reincidencia 6. La pena de muerte 7. La redención del delincuente en la revolución 8. El rechazo al tribunal revolucionario y al sistema penal 9. La socialización previene la delincuencia 10. El tratamiento del transgresor 8. Ética 259 1. El ciclo moral y la revolución 260 1. El movimiento pendular 2. La recuperación de los valores morales 3. La crítica y las nuevas perspectivas científicas 4. La conciencia crítica 2. Los fundamentos de la moral 263 1. La moral natural 2. Los tres medios para elevar la moral: la represión, la educación y la ayuda mutua 3. El principio de la moral natural: la solidaridad 4. La conducta humana regida por la utilidad y el placer 5. El sentimiento moral 6. Los dos factores del progreso social: el valor y la libre iniciativa 187 188 3. Los valores de la vida, la libertad y la igualdad 272 1. La anarquía y la ética 2. La “moral sin sanción ni obligación” 3. La superación del dilema egoísmo-altruismo 4. La libertad moral plena 5. La libertad individual exigida por la igualdad 6. La abnegación 7. La vida es la moral y la moral es vida 4. La ética revolucionaria 281 1. La nueva ética vincula el individuo y la comunidad 2. Las tres etapas de la ética: la ayuda mutua, la justicia y la moralidad 3. La ética es la fuente de la transformación revolucionaria 4. La revolución justiciera 9. Revolución 291 1. El concepto de revolución 292 1. El uso del término “revolución” 2. El fenómeno revolucionario como fenómeno natural 3. Las corrientes que componen la revolución 4. La caracterización de la revolución 5. La disyuntiva revolucionaria 6. La convergencia revolucionaria: el comunismo anarquista 2. La revolución y la evolución 303 1. Los procesos alternos y continuos de la evolución y la revolución 2. Los beneficios de la revolución para la evolución 3. El impacto de la revolución durante la evolución inmediatamente posterior 4. La gestación de la revolución durante la evolución inmediatamente anterior 3. El legado de las revoluciones históricas: la renovación de la vida social 307 1. Los efectos de la Revolución francesa 2. El balance sobre la reconstrucción social de la Revolución rusa 3. El aprendizaje de los caminos revolucionarios errados 4. El rumbo revolucionario Conclusión 322 1. El estudio fenomenológico de la revolución 2. El autor y su obra 3. La revolución como eje generador 4. La exigencia absoluta de la revolución 5. El espíritu revolucionario 6. La racionalidad revolucionaria 7. La violencia revolucionaria 188 189 8. La fundamentación ética 9. El “constructo social” de la revolución 10. El bienestar social 11. El ciclo revolucionario 12. El enaltecimiento de la libertad y del individuo 13. La preeminencia de la vida social Bibliografía 333 Obras de Kropotkin 333 Obras sobre Kropotkin 361 Referencias bibliográficas 368 Itinerario de la vida de Piotr Kropotkin 371 189 190 6. BIENESTAR .................................................................................................... 191 1. Las necesidades básicas ........................................................................................................................ 191 1. La satisfacción de las necesidades básicas ......................................................................................... 191 2. La revolución, las necesidades básicas y la ciencia económica .......................................................... 192 3. La revolución en función del bienestar de todos ................................................................................ 193 4. El derecho a la vida consiste en el derecho al bienestar ..................................................................... 194 5. La producción y el consumo ............................................................................................................... 195 6. La división del trabajo ........................................................................................................................ 197 7. La reorganización de la producción .................................................................................................... 197 8. El principio de la distribución ............................................................................................................ 198 9. El derecho al alojamiento ................................................................................................................... 199 10. Las necesidades de lujo .................................................................................................................. 200 11. El principio “a cada uno según sus necesidades” ........................................................................... 201 2. El trabajo............................................................................................................................................... 202 1. Las horas indispensables en los trabajos imprescindibles para cubrir las necesidades primordiales .. 203 2. El trabajo libre es productivo y grato ................................................................................................. 204 3. El sistema salarial ............................................................................................................................... 205 4. El rechazo del colectivismo ................................................................................................................ 205 5. El funcionariado ................................................................................................................................. 206 6. El trabajo doméstico ........................................................................................................................... 207 3. La propiedad ......................................................................................................................................... 208 1. La concepción de la propiedad ........................................................................................................... 208 2. El origen de la propiedad .................................................................................................................... 209 3. La expropiación y la revolución ......................................................................................................... 211 4. La abolición del derecho de propiedad ............................................................................................... 212 5. La devolución de la propiedad a la sociedad ...................................................................................... 214 6. El reparto de las tierras comunales ..................................................................................................... 215 4. La dinámica económica ........................................................................................................................ 217 1. La revolución, el
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