DOCSLIB.ORG

An Early Modern Human Outside Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Early Modern Human Outside Africa City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Lehman College 2019 An early modern human outside Africa Eric Delson CUNY Lehman College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/le_pubs/307 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] RESEARCH NEWS & VIEWS are too incomplete for their status as H. sapiens to be certain. Could molecular approaches be Apidima Denisova Neanderthal used to determine the species they are from? Greece Russia presence Jinniushan 210 kyr (Earliest known 195–52 kyr It is not always possible to recover DNA from 450–35 kyr China European H. sapiens) 147–91 kyr ancient fossils. However, analysing ancient 250–150 kyr 170 kyr proteins preserved in fossils, a method termed Misliya palaeo proteomics, is starting to be used to Israel Xiahe 194–177 kyr China Dali identify species (see go.nature.com/2xkosom). 160 kyr China Jebel Irhoud Compared with analysis of ancient DNA, 250–150 kyr Morocco Zuttiyeh palaeo proteomics requires less specialized Israel 315 kyr Hualongdong handling of the fossil to prevent contamination. 500–200 kyr China It was recently used14 to analyse a fossilized 300 kyr Olorgesailie Hathnora jaw found in China that is approximately Kenya India 160,000 years old, enabling the specimen to Stone tools 250–100 kyr 320 kyr be identified as an enigmatic hominin called a Denisovan, whose scarce fossils have also been Florisbad found at Denisova Cave in Siberia. South Africa Perhaps palaeoproteomics can be used to 260 kyr verify the identity of the Apidima fossils. It H. sapiens Hominin possibly related to H. sapiens might also be possible to apply this method to Neanderthal Denisovan Hominin not assigned to species contemporaneous fossils from Asia (estimated to be 300,000–150,000 years old) that have Figure 1 | Some key early fossils of Homo sapiens and related species in Africa and Eurasia. Harvati not yet been definitively assigned to a species. et al.5 present their analyses of two fossil skulls from Apidima Cave in Greece. They report that the fossil These fossils are of interest for their potential to Apidima 1 is an H. sapiens specimen that is at least 210,000 years old, from a time when Neanderthals reveal how many hominin species might have occupied many European sites. It is the earliest known example of H. sapiens in Europe, and is at least lived during this time. Perhaps some of them 160,000 years older than the next oldest H. sapiens fossils found in Europe6 (not shown). Harvati and 7 are also H. sapiens, although I doubt it. Among colleagues confirm that, as previously reported , Apidima 2 is a Neanderthal specimen, and they estimate the most complete of these specimens are that it is at least 170,000 years old. The authors’ findings, along with other discoveries of which a selection crania from India at a site called Hathnora15, is shown here, shed light on the timing and locations of early successful and failed dispersals out of 16 16 and from China at Dali , Jinniushan and Africa of hominins (modern humans and other human relatives, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans). 17 kyr, thousand years old. Hualongdong . Until such fossils are stud- ied using palaeoproteomics, analyses such as those of Harvati and colleagues provide our and 35,000 years ago6, eventually giving rise Florisbad and Jebel Irhoud fossils9, and an best handle on the complex history of our to the ancestral population of Europeans alive earlier study10 suggested that Zuttiyeh might be species and our close relatives as these popula- today1. This evidence from Apidima, along an early H. sapiens. This is a view that I favour, tions dispersed out of Africa — from the early, with other discoveries, demonstrates that, given its similarity to the shape of the forehead unsuccessful dispersals to the migrations that on more than one occasion, modern humans of the Florisbad fossil. Future analysis might eventually succeeded. ■ kept pushing north and westwards from reveal that Zuttiyeh is an even older modern Africa and the Levant into Europe. Rather human than Apidima 1; nevertheless, it is not Eric Delson is at Lehman College and the than a single exit of hominins from Africa to from Europe. Graduate Center, City University of New York, populate Eurasia, there must have been sev- A jaw of an early modern human from and the American Museum of Natural History, eral dispersals, some of which did not result in Misliya Cave in Israel has been dated to New York, New York 10024, USA. permanent occupations by these hominins and approximately 194,000–177,000 years ago11. e-mail: [email protected] their descendants. Other early modern human fossils have been 1. O’Shea, N. & Delson, E. Nat. Hist. 126(8), 19–22 There is immense interest in understanding found at Skhul and Qafzeh in Israel, dated (2018). 12 the timing and location of both the successful to around 130,000–90,000 years ago . All of 2. Hublin, J.-J. et al. Nature 546, 289–292 (2017). and failed dispersals of hominins (including these early Eurasian human fossils seem to 3. Grün, R. et al. Nature 382, 500–501 (1996). 4. Brooks, A. S. et al. Science 360, 90–94 (2018). modern humans) from Africa. The first represent what might be called ‘failed’ disper- 5. Harvati, K. et al. Nature 571, 500–504 (2019). hominin dispersal out of Africa is thought to sals from Africa — they reached the Middle 6. Hublin, J.-J. Quat. Sci. Rev. 118, 194–210 (2015). have been when members of the species Homo East and southeastern Europe, but did not 7. Harvati, K., Stringer, C. & Karkanas, P. J. Hum. Evol. 60, 246–250 (2011). erectus exited some 2 million years ago. The persist in these regions. There is evidence that 8. Bartsiokas, A., Arsuaga, J. L., Aubert, M. & Grün, R. second wave of departures occurred when these populations were replaced at these or J. Hum. Evol. 109, 22–29 (2017). the ancestral species that eventually gave rise neighbouring sites by Neanderthals. 9. Freidline, S. E., Gunz, P., Janković, L., Harvati, K. & to Neanderthals moved into Europe around Farther east, fossils of early H. sapiens in Hublin, J. J. J. Hum. Evol. 62, 225–241 (2012). 10. Zeitoun, V. C. R. Acad. Sci. 332, 521–525 (2001). 800,000–600,000 years ago. Asia, dated from between at least 90,000 and 11. Hershkovitz, I. et al. Science 359, 456–459 (2018). A third group of migrations out of Africa 50,000 years ago, have been found in regions 12. Groucutt, H. S., Scerri, E. M. L., Stringer, C. & were those of H. sapiens. Many key fossil dis- ranging from Saudi Arabia to Australia13. Petraglia, M. D. Quat. Int. 515, 30–52 (2019). 13. Groucutt, H. S. et al. Nature Ecol. Evol. 2, 800–809 coveries from Israel document early examples These Asian fossils, like the European speci- (2018). of these dispersals. A fossil that includes the mens of H. sapiens from between 50,000 and 14. Chen, F. et al. Nature 569, 409–412 (2019). forehead region of a skull found there, at a site 40,000 years ago, might have come from popu- 15. Athreya, S. in The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia (eds Petraglia, M. D. & called Zuttiyeh, is dated to between 500,000 lations that achieved persistent, successful dis- Allchin, B.) 137–170 (Springer, 2007). and 200,000 years ago, and analysis of the fos- persals and contributed to the ancestry of some 16. Athreya, S. & Wu, X. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 164, sil’s shape indicates that it is either an early living humans. 679–701 (2017). 17. Wu, X.-J. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, Neanderthal or from a population ances- Given that the Apidima 1 fossil and those 9820–9824 (2019). tral to both Neanderthals and H. sapiens9. from Misliya and Zuttiyeh are only partial The Zuttiyeh fossil shows similarities to the skulls, some might argue that the specimens This article was published online on 10 July 2019. 488 | NATURE | VOL 571 | 25 JULY 2019 ©2019 Spri nger Nature Li mited. All ri ghts reserved. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Anthropological Assessment of Neanderthal Behavioural Energetics
    DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY, CLASSICS & EGYPTOLOGY An Anthropological Assessment of Neanderthal Behavioural Energetics. Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the Degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Andrew Shuttleworth. April, 2013. TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………..i LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………v LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………..vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………………...vii ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1 1.1. Introduction..............................................................................................................1 1.2. Aims and Objectives................................................................................................2 1.3. Thesis Format...........................................................................................................3 2. THE NEANDERTHAL AND OXYEGN ISOTOPE STAGE-3.................................6 2.1. Discovery, Geographic Range & Origins..............................................................7 2.1.1. Discovery........................................................................................................7 2.1.2. Neanderthal Chronology................................................................................10 2.2. Morphology.............................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • [2019.10.10] Mina Weinstein Evron / the Mount Carmel Caves
    The Mount Carmel Caves at the Crossroads of Prehistoric Human Dispersals Mina Weinstein-Evron A UNESCO World Heritage Site (2012) Courtesy the Israel Antiquities Authority Outstanding Universal Values (OUV): • Long cultural (and paleo-environmental) continuum and changes in life-ways • Human evolution various MP human types (H. sapiens & Neanderthal); early burial site • The Natufian culture – on the threshold of agriculture • History of archaeological research Mount Carmel: a unique overlap of the Neanderthal and early modern humans ranges, within the same Middle Paleolithic cultural framework Did they meet ? When? Who was there before? What was the results? Levantine MP sites 250,000-45,000 YBP Amud Hayonim Human remains Qafzeh 140/120-50,000 YBP Misliya Tabun Skhul Kebara H. sapiens – 120/90,000 YBP Neanderthals – 70/45,000 BP 50,000 B Tabun Cave: A long sequence with important Cultural Developments/ C Revolutions MP D 250,000 E F LP G 400,000 Tabun 1 Upper part of Layer C (or Layer B) 100/120 (150/160 ky) Tabun 2 Lower part of Layer C Harvati and Nickolson Lopez 2017 Skhul Early modern humans 100-135,000 ky IV V Skhul early modern human burials D’Ericco et al. 2010 McCown 1937 Nassarius gibbosulus shell beads (Vanhaeren et al. 2006) from Skhul V Isotope Ky TL-based Entities stage BP chronology Hominides Ksar Akil Ahmarian UP 3 Qafzeh 50 - Tabun B Amud, Kebara Dederiyeh type T. Faraj, Quneitra Kebara, Amud 4 Dederiyeh Tabun 1 ? 100 - Qafzeh Qafzeh Skhul 5 Skhul Skhul Hayonim E TABUN 1 ? Tabun C type Tabun 1 150 - 6 Tabun II (jaw) Tabun 2 200 - Negev sites Tabun D 7 type Hayonim E Misliya ? Misliya 250 - Are the cultural/technological 8 Important implications for understanding the changesAcheuloorigins– ofrelated early modernto changes humans and their 300 - Yabrudianin humanrelationshipspopulations with the? Neanderthals 9 Zuttiyeh Qesem 350 - 10 Tabun E Bar-Yosef 1998 Dispersal of modern humans 2016 Modern humans reach First modern humans in Europe Americas 15 ka 45 ka Willendorf Kent’s Cavern 43 5 ka.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Beneath the Waves, Submerged Landscapes and Sea Level Change
    EUROPEAN MARINE BOARD Land Beneath the Waves Submerged landscapes and sea level change A joint geoscience-humanities strategy for European Continental Shelf Prehistoric Research Land Beneath the Waves: Submerged landscapes and sea level change Land Beneath the Waves: Position Paper 21 Wandelaarkaai 7 I 8400 Ostend I Belgium Tel.: +32(0)59 34 01 63 I Fax: +32(0)59 34 01 65 E-mail: [email protected] www.marineboard.eu www.marineboard.eu European Marine Board The Marine Board provides a pan-European platform for its member organizations to develop common priorities, to advance marine research, and to bridge the gap between science and policy in order to meet future marine science challenges and opportunities. The Marine Board was established in 1995 to facilitate enhanced cooperation between European marine science organizations towards the development of a common vision on the research priorities and strategies for marine science in Europe. Members are either major national marine or oceanographic institutes, research funding agencies, or national consortia of universities with a strong marine research focus. In 2014, the Marine Board represents 35 Member Organizations from 18 countries. The Board provides the essential components for transferring knowledge for leadership in marine research in Europe. Adopting a strategic role, the Marine Board serves its member organizations by providing a forum within which marine research policy advice to national agencies and to the European Commission is developed, with the objective of promoting the establishment of the European marine Research Area. www.marineboard.eu European Marine Board Member Organizations UNIVERSITÉS MARINES Irish Marine Universities National Research Council of Italy Consortium MASTS Design: Zoeck nv Cover image: Diver surveying Pavlopetri Early Bronze Age site (Credit: J.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the Massive Modern Human Dispersal Into Eurasia a 55,000
    Quaternary International xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Before the massive modern human dispersal into Eurasia: A 55,000-year-old partial cranium from Manot Cave, Israel ∗ Gerhard W. Webera, , Israel Hershkovitzb,c, Philipp Gunzd, Simon Neubauerd, Avner Ayalone, Bruce Latimerf, Miryam Bar-Matthewse, Gal Yasure, Omry Barzilaig, Hila Mayb,c a Department of Anthropology & Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria b Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel c Dan David Center for Human Evolution & Biohistory Research, Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, Sackler Fac. of Med., Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel d Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany e Geological Survey of Israel, Yisha'ayahu Leibowitz St. 32, Jerusalem, Israel f Departments of Anatomy and Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, 44106, Cleveland, OH, USA g Israel Antiquities Authority, PO Box 586, 91004, Jerusalem, Israel ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Genetic and archaeological models predict that African modern humans successfully colonized Eurasia between Early modern humans 60,000 and 40,000 years before present (ka), replacing all other forms of hominins. While there is good evidence Neanderthals for the first arrival in Eurasia around 50-45ka, the fossil record is extremely scarce with regard to earlier re- Out-of-Africa presentatives. A partial calvaria discovered at Manot Cave (Western Galilee, Israel) dated to > 55 ka by ur- Modern human migration anium–thorium dating was recently described.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Palaeolithic Record of Greece
    The Early and Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of Greece : current status and future prospects Tourloukis, V. Citation Tourloukis, V. (2010, November 17). The Early and Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of Greece : current status and future prospects. LUP Dissertations. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16150 Version: Corrected Publisher’s Version Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16150 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). 4 – The Lower Palaeolithic record of Greece 4.1 INTRODUCTION (WITH A SHORT lished renders any re-evaluation considerably diffi- REFERENCE TO THE MIDDLE cult (e.g. Andreikos 1993; Sarantea 1996). In those PALAEOLITHIC) cases, either the artefactual character of the finds or the chronological attribution to the Lower Palaeo- Unambiguous lithic evidence or human remains dat- lithic has already been disputed (e.g. see Runnels ing to the Early and early Middle Pleistocene are so 1995, 708, and Papagianni 2000, 9 for a critique of far lacking in Greece. Lithic material that is consid- the two examples of publications cited above). ered to date to the (late) Middle Pleistocene is scarce and mostly consists of finds that have been chronolo- Meager as the record is, the fact remains that indica- gically bracketed only in the broadest of terms, with tions for the presence of humans already from the relative dating techniques that are mainly based on late Middle Pleistocene have been reported from the inferred archaic morphology of the artefacts and areas that are spread over almost the entire country on usually inadequate stratigraphic correlations.
    [Show full text]
  • Ein Leoparden-Fund, Panthera Pardus (L., 1758), Aus Dem Jungpleistozanen Rixdorfer Horizont Von Berlin Und Die Verbreitung Des Leoparden Im Pleistozan Europas
    Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Geowiss. Reihe 3 (2000) 221-227 10. 11.2000 Ein Leoparden-Fund, Panthera pardus (L., 1758), aus dem jungpleistozanen Rixdorfer Horizont von Berlin und die Verbreitung des Leoparden im Pleistozan Europas Karlheinz Fiseher' Mit 3 Abbildungen und 1 Tabelle Zusammenfassung Erstmals wurde das Vorkommen des Leoparden (Puntkera pardus) im Rixdorfer Horizont (Fruh-Weichsel, Jungpleistozan) von Berlin-Brandenburg durch ein Humerus-Fragment von Niederlehme bei Konigs Wusterhausen nachgewiesen. Es ist das bisher nordlichste Vorkommen des Leoparden in Mitteleuropa. Schliisselworter: Panthera, Humerus, Jungpleistozan, Berlin, Deutschland. Abstract The finding of leopard, Pantkera pardus (L., 1758), from the late Pleistocene horizon of Rixdorf in Berlin and the occurrence of leopards in the Pleistocene of Europe are described and discussed. For the first time the occurrence of the leopard (Pantkeru pardus) in the horizon of Rixdorf (Early Weichsel, Late Pleisto- cene) of Berlin-Brandenburg is proven. The find is represented by a fragment of a humerus from Niederlehme near Konigs Wusterhausen. This is the most northern occurrence of the leopard in Middle Europe until now. Key words: Panthera, humerus, late Pleistocene, Berlin, Germany. Einleitung Schmelzgewassern aus oberflachennahen, unter- schiedlich alten Ablagerungen ausgespiilt und von Wenig aufierhalb der Berliner Stadtgrenze im Kiessanden erneut eingebettet. Nachgewiesen Siidosten liegt nahe bei Konigs Wusterhausen der sind bisher in Niederlehme 19 Saugetierarten: kleine Ort Niederlehme. Seit mehr als hundert Rodentia: Castor fiber. Carnivora: Panthera spe- Jahren werden hier Sande abgebaut, glazio- laea - Crocuta crocuta spelaea - Canis lupus - fluviatile weichselzeitliche Schmelzwassersande Alopex lagopus - Ursus arctos/spelaeus - GL~O und -kiese, die im Liegenden und meist auch im gulo.
    [Show full text]
  • Island Archaeology and the Origins of Seafaring in the Eastern Mediterranean
    An offprint from ISLAND ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE ORIGINS OF SEAFARING IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Proceedings of the Wenner Gren Workshop held at Reggio Calabria on October 19-21, 2012 In memory of John D. Evans Eurasian Prehistory Guest Editors: Albert J. Ammerman and Thomas Davis PART ONE (Eurasian Prehistory 10/2013) Introduction 1. Introduction Albert J. Ammerman 2. Chronological framework Thomas W. Davis Placing island archaeology and early voyaging in context 3. The origins of mammals on the Mediterranean islands as an indicator of early voyaging Jean-Denis Vigne 4. Cosmic impact, the Younger Dryas, Abu Hureyra, and the inception of agriculture in Western Asia Andrew M. T. Moore and Douglas J. Kennett 5. The homelands of the Cyprus colonizers: selected comments Ofer Bar-Yosef 6. Marine resources in the Early Neolithic of the Levant: their relevance to early seafaring Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer 7. Early seafaring and the archaeology of submerged landscapes Geoff N. Bailey Case studies A. Cyprus 8. Tracing the steps in the fieldwork at the sites of Aspros and Nissi Beach on Cyprus Albert J. Ammerman 9. Akrotiri-Aetokremnos (Cyprus) 20 years later: an assessment of its significance Alan H. Simmons 10. The transportation of mammals to Cyprus sheds light on early voyaging and boats in the Mediterranean Sea Jean-Denis Vigne, Antoine Zazzo, Isabella Carrère, François Briois and Jean Guilaine 11. On the chipped stone assemblages at Klimonas and Shillourokambos and their links with the mainland François Briois and Jean Guilaine PART TWO (Eurasian Prehistory 11/2014) 12. Temporal placement and context of Cyro-PPNA activity on Cyprus Sturt W.
    [Show full text]
  • Università Deglistudidinapolifederico
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II THE PLIO -HOLOCENE LARGE MAMMALS OF THE WESTERN EURASIA : MACROECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSES OF THE FAUNAS Dr. Francesco Carotenuto Dottorato in Scienze della Terra, Geologia del Sedimentario XXII Ciclo Tutor Prof. Carmela Barbera Cotutori Dr. Pasquale Raia, Prof. Anastassios Kotsakis 2009 To Daniela and my family “The most erroneous stories are those we think we know best - and therefore never scrutinize or question.” Stephen J. Gould Index Preface ........................................................................................................................................... IV Chapter 1 - The Eurasian Paleocommunities ................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 The italian Paleocommunities (PCOMs) ............................................................................ 2 1.1.2 The properties of the Italian Paleocommunities: Body size and occupancy ..................... 5 1.1.3 Species turnover, diversity trends, and prey-predator relationship ................................... 6 1.2 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................ 10 1.2.1 The data employed ........................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Time ordering techniques ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ESHE 2020 Abstracts.Pdf
    Abstracts European Society for the study of Human Evolution September 2020 1 Comparing lithic raw material procurement strategies during MIS5 to MIS3: the cases of Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter, Buena Pinta Cave and Des-Cubierta Cave (Madrid, Spain) Ana Abrunhosa1;2, Belén Márquez2, Enrique Baquedano2;3, Alfredo Pérez-González4, Juan Luis Arsuaga5;6 1 - ICArEHB - Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour. Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal · 2 - MAR - Museo Arqueológico Regional, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain · 3 - I.D.E.A. Institute of Evolution in Africa, Madrid, Spain · 4 - El Hombre y el Medio, Madrid, Spain · 5 - Centro Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain · 6 - Paleontology Departement, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Lithic raw materials procurement strategies depend on a series of factors such as e.g., resource availability, accessibility, and orogra- phy. This paper presents the results of the lithic raw material study of the Mousterian assemblages from Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter, Buena Pinta Cave and Des-Cubierta Cave sites located in Calvero de la Higuera, a karst hill situated in Pinilla del Valle, in the Lozoya River Valley in the Guadarrama Mountain range (Madrid, Spain). The diversity of occupation contexts in the same geo- logical environment allows for a comparison of resource management and environment occupation strategies between MIS5 and MIS3. Two of the features that highlight the archaeological sites of Calvero de la Higuera from the Iberian pattern of Neanderthal occupation and that motivated their study are their central geographical location and the intensive use of quartz and low chert proportions.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf (Letzter Zugriff 25.12.2020) Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste De (1809): Philosophie Zoologique
    Literaturverzeichnis Abraham, Werner (2019): What are the guiding principles in the evolution of language: Para- digmatics or syntagmatics? Evolutionary Linguistic Theory 1 (2), 109–142. Abuter, R., A. Amorim, N. Anugu, M. Bauböck, M. Benisty, J. P. Berger, … G. Zins (2018): Detec- tion of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre mas- sive black hole. Astronomy & Astrophysics 615, Artikel L15. Adachi, J. & M. Hasegawa (1995): Improved dating of the human/chimpanzee separation in the mitochondrial DNA tree: heterogeneity among amino acid sites. Journal of Molecular Evo- lution 40 (6), 622–628. Agrillo, Christian, Marco Dadda, Giovanni Serena, Angelo Bisazza (2008): Do fish count? Spon- taneous discrimination of quantity in female mosquitofish. Animal Cognition 11 (3), 195– 503. Agrillo, Christian, Marco Dadda, Giovanni Serena, Angelo Bisazza (2009): Use of number by fish. PLOS ONE 4 (3), Artikel e4786. Agrillo, Christian, Laura Piffer, Angelo Bisazza, Brian Butterworth (2012): Evidence for two numerical systems that are similar in humans and guppies. PLOS ONE 7 (2), Artikel e31923. Aiello, Leslie C. (2010): Five years of Homo floresiensis. American Journal of Physical Anthro- pology 142 (2), 167–179. Aiello, Leslie C. & Peter Wheeler (1995): The expensive-tissue hypothesis: The brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution. Current Anthropology 36(2), 199–221. Al-Mosaiwi, M. & T. Johnstone (2018): In an absolute state: Elevated use of absolutist words is a marker specific to anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Clinical Psycholocial Sci- ence 6 (4), 529–542. Alba, David M., Salvador Moyà-Solà & Melke Köhler (2003): Morphological affinities of the Australopithecus afarensis hand on the basis of manual proportions and relative thumb length.
    [Show full text]
  • [TÍTULO DEL DOCUMENTO] [Subtítulo Del Documento]
    [TÍTULO DEL DOCUMENTO] [Subtítulo del documento] With the support of: New insights on past populations and environments Session 1 – Morphological variability, taxonomy and adaptations ......... 1 Session 2 – Occupation of territories and population mobility ............ 13 Session 3 – Exploitation of natural resources and raw materials, subsistence strategies .......................................................................... 24 Session 4 – Paleoclimates and environmental changes ........................ 34 Poster Session ...................................................................................... 40 MONDAY, MARCH 8th Session 1 - Morphological variability, taxonomy and adaptations Virtual reconstruction of the torso of the genus Homo using 3D geometric morphometric techniques Nicole Torres-Tamayo1 1 Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain Keywords: Covariation; Integration; Prediction; Fossil; Landmark Abstract In 1961, the anthropologist A.H. Schultz first documented that “the last few ribs are more curved in man than in the great apes to conform with the direction and curvature of the ilia which have become bent and rotated in man in contrast to their dorsal position in the apes”. This and subsequent studies reinforced the idea that the thorax, spine and pelvis compose a morpho-functional complex –the torso– that is integrated in primates, with morphological changes of some structures being linked to morphological changes in others (morphological covariation). Magnitude
    [Show full text]
  • An Early Modern Human Outside Africa
    NEWS & VIEWS RESEARCH 5. Oliver, E. C. et al. Nature Commun. 9, 1324 10. Di Lorenzo, E. & Mantua, N. Nature Clim. Change 6, (2018). 1042–1047 (2016). 6. Frölicher, T. L., Fischer, E. M. & Gruber, N. Nature 11. Alexander M. A. et al. Elementa 6, 9 (2018). 560, 360–364 (2018). 12. Pinsky, M. L., Worm, B., Fogarty, M. J., 7. Oliver, E. C. J. Clim. Dyn. https://doi.org/10.1007/ Sarmiento, J. L. & Levin, S. A. Science 341, s00382-019-04707-2 (2019). 1239–1242 (2013). 8. Yeh, S.-W. et al. Nature 461, 511–514 (2009). 13. Connell, J. H., Hughes, T. P. & Wallace, C. C. Ecol. 9. Cai, W. et al. Nature Clim. Change 4, 111–116 (2014). Monogr. 67, 461–488 (1997). PALAEOANTHROPOLOGY 50 Years Ago By the time the lunar samples brought back by Apollo 11 have been An early modern wrung dry of scientific information, the second American expedition to the Moon will have already been human outside Africa mounted … [T]he next landing will be at one of the two sites in the eastern Analysis of two fossils from a Greek cave has shed light on early hominins in hemisphere which have been chosen Eurasia. One fossil is the earliest known specimen of Homo sapiens found outside as smooth enough for a landing … Africa; the other is a Neanderthal who lived 40,000 years later. See Article p.500 This way by the end of the year NASA will have recovered samples of typical mare regions in both the ERIC DELSON so mirror ing its right and left sides yielded a eastern and western hemispheres of good reconstruction.
    [Show full text]