DOCSLIB.ORG

Amulet and Relic Motifs Case Study: Lor Bakhtiari Hand- Woven*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amulet and Relic Motifs Case Study: Lor Bakhtiari Hand- Woven* 51 quarterly, No. 25| Autumn 2019 DOI:10.22034/JACO.2019.89248 Persian translation of this paper entitled: نقش مایه های طلسم تعویذ و حرز (مطالعۀ موردی: دست بافته های عشایر لر بختیاری) is also published in this issue of journal. Amulet and Relic Motifs Case Study: Lor Bakhtiari Hand- woven* Azadeh Yaghoubzadeh**1, Mohamad Khazaie2 1. PH.D. Candidate in Islamic Arts, Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Iran. 2. PH.D. of Visual Communication, Tarbiat Modares university, Tehran, Iran. Received; 2019/02/27 revise; 2019/06/30 accepted; 2019/08/19 available online; 2019/09/23 Abstract This article tries to identify symbolic motifs associated with “Amulet and Relic” in Bakhtiari hand-woven. Main questions are; how motifs have been related to “Amulet and Relic” and how they have been woven on these applied works and what have been reasons of these mysterious motifs? It seems that answer to this question must be investigated on Lor Bakhtiari culture and its symbols like its materials and spiritual function which were inspired by customs, traditions, habits, perceptions and insights. The results of the present paper, which has been obtained through content analysis method and its data were collected using library and field studies, indicates that: in supernatural forces of “Amulet and Relic” in motifs with their decorative and practical aspects, are medium for conveying their messages and recorded historical values -which are very important for their weavers –and they are a way to reflect their desires and wishes. During years, for their value and belief, they have entered into folk arts of Bakhtiari as decorative motifs. Keywords Amulet, Relic,Talisman, Motif, Hand-woven, Lor Bakhtiari tribes. Introduction and allegory that are deprived of culture and Popular beliefs are full of mysteries, metaphors tradition which inherited from past to present. They exist in human thought from birth to death, *This paper is extracted from a Ph.D. course credit of “Azadeh Yaqubzadeh” entitled “Design in Islamic arts”, which has been and these beliefs are passed down from generation conducted under supervision of “Dr. Mohammad Kazaei” at Tabriz to another. Islamic Art University in 2017. ** Corresponding author: +989141097760, a.yaghoubzadeh@ Cognition of these beliefs, rituals and traditions tabriziau.ac.ir can be a useful way for communicating between 52 quarterly, No. 25| Autumn 2019 human beings and civilizations. The beliefs and Meaning of Amulet and Relic folk arts have always been encrypted and they One of the ways to stay safe from disasters and evil should be referred to knowlage of their mystery, eye is Relic. It refers to object, text, image, prayer, because the origin of this mystery is cultural and word that possess magical-transcendental treasure of our ancients. There are many symbols power, and hanging it on objects and places, and in the culture of Iranian ethnicities, including “Lor being carried by humans or animals, dispel of Bahakhtiari” which is inspired by the material and cholera, disease, and invasion of evil creatures semantic functional of their customs, traditions, and forces. On the other hand, talisman has been habits, perceptions and insights, and ultimately known as a kind of “Amulet and Relic” that can their rich and productive culture. increase the power and fortune of the bearer and Folk arts, mainly by using native initial materials owner against the abusive forces. “Relic” usage is for all or most of the basic stages of production, by repulsive, talisman attracts desirable matters. Relic hand and tools, manufacture products which have usage has been common among different tribes an aesthetics and creativity. (Arabestani, 2008, 635). This character particularly in tribal hand-woven, Although in ancient cultures, mainly various and especially for lor Bakhtiari, is as part of the objects (whether raw or natural) such as pieces of applied arts and ethnic identity and indicates rocks, plants, mussels, teeth, and bones, etc or even -at high level - national and artistic identity and in forms of sculptures, figures, metal or wooden cultural and civilizational heritage. handicrafts and clay and etc…) have been used in The aim of producing tribal hand-woven especially the evil spirits, demons and maleficent. Probably, Lor Bakhtiari have been resolving of their daily Usage of written Relic -with a few precedent- has needs. In fact, the functional and self-consuming also been common in the past (Ibid, 636, 638). aspects were the most important reason or only In order to study of “Amulet and Relic”, it is proof to weave them. Lor Bakhtiari hand-woven necessary to present a precise definition of them. are the most important manifestation of their “Amulet” is an object like “Relic”, possessing thought, desire and skill. These are an important supernatural forces, which accompanies it, avoids source for studying tribal Iranian art and culture. disaster (Ibid, 596). Nevertheless, there are some The statistical population of this research includes differences between them. In some cases, “Amulet” Lor Bakhtiari’s hand-woven in order to extract is preventative object and “Relic” treats. motifs are related to “Amulet and Relic”. The location of this group is Lor Bakhtiari tribe, The position of all kinds of talismans which is 60 samples collected from this area based (Amulet and Relic and dispelling disaster) on the types of hand-woven of this tribe including in the Bakhtiari tribes: Rug, Carpet, Saddle bag (Khorjin), Salt bag In the past, there have been various aspects to the (Namakdan), Veris and so on. To achieve “Amulet transmission of evil. Humans have always tried to and Relic” motifs, both field and library searching do something like sacrifice, shed blood, pray, and have been accomplished wrap it around the arm, pray, to ward off evil and Finally, 30 samples were studied as sample diseases (Freezer, 2007, 597). The philosophy of population based on age and abundance with the aim transmitting evil has been common for mankind of extracting patterns related to “Amulet and Relic” for two reasons. One is that the primitive man did and derived from the beliefs of the Lor Bakhtiari. not know the nature around for his mysterious and Azadeh Yaghoubzadeh & Mohamad Khazaie 53 strange thought and he was not ready to accept passionate with these objects. For example, William the domination of nature. So, for its elaboration Jackson reported that “In Iran, evil eye talismans are and explanation, there are different solutions, carried on by children. He described that it was an including sacrifice, prayer, etc and it was a way ancient custom, even dating back to pre-Islamic era to achieve objects which could be easily accessed (Jakson, 1978, 432). As a result, pregnant women, through pain and suffering. (Kharazmi, 2013, children, and all beautiful, precious or joyful things 3&4). In some cases by illustrating on applied are at risk of jealousy and evil eye.Therefore, it is works of daily life, he has sought to repel evil and necessary to guard children and their valuables from so we can see examples of “Amulet and Relic’’ in the sight of those who are unlucky. They are not sure nomadic culture. that they will always succeed, Therefore, they will be Beliefs of nomadic tribes are intertwined with protected by “Amulet and Relic” (Masse, 1976, 63). people’s life and all their daily routine and attitudes Different types of of these “believed objects” are based on these beliefs. Beliefs (superstitious or (fetishes) are common among Bakhtiari tribes such non-superstitious) are part of culture of every tribe as salt rock. In the religious beliefs and traditions of and these are sources of movement and reflection Iranian, such as Lor Bakhtiari, salt is an element that their lifestyle. A glimpse on motif and color of has a dual meaning. Those who repelled the goblins their hand-woven, up to now, we can understand ; with the help of the incantations, or those who not only motifs were not for filling carpets or other released people from talisman (like soothsayer and hand-woven but also they were a way to bring joy exorcist).They used salt to fight against evil, as well and color by embellishment to their surroundings, as against witches and sorcerers. According to their bring to the environment. This character is one of beliefs, if salt is fallen on the table, it brings misery. the characteristics and factors of creation in the tribe life. Types of motifs related to “Amulet and Relic” The main reason for usage of “Amulet and Relic” on Bakhtiari hand-woven: among Bakhtiari people is the belief on evil eye. Motifs on applied arts is known as a decorative Evil eye is one of the oldest human beliefs, element that can be realistic, abstract, symbolic, or a and probably the most pervasive and common sign of something else. supernatural belief, probably this was the most On Lor Bakhtiari hand-woven, motifs related to universal supernatural belief which have always “Amulet and Relic” can be divided into geometric remained in Iran as yet. Nowadays, evil eye which motifs (Swastika, Stars) and animal motifs (Gol- is used as a feature for some people, has existed gozdin (Scorpion), Morge-ghochaki (Bird-Ram), since ancient times in the society that Moghans and Ti xorusi (Rooster eye), Xal-e nal (Horseshoes), their cultures and religions ruled. Anybody who Mari (Snake), shir (Lion), plant motifs (Gol-e were known for such a devilish illness, were ghandom(Wheat flower), Tree) and human motifs rejected and despised by society (Razi, 2002, 985). (Al, Eye). During their travels throughout Iran, many • Geometric patterns travelogue writers have reported various instances 1.Chalipa (Mehraneh, Mehr-e-gardun, Swastika) of Iranian beliefs about evil eye and they said Mehraneh, or Swastika, was a universal religious that Iranian always carry things that are considered symbol of the ancient world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Christophorus House Auction
    Christophorus House Auction Collectibles, Fine Art & Antiques auction Sunday - July 11, 2021 Collectibles, Fine Art & Antiques auction 1: Russian Orthodox enameled bronze icon Cross EUR 160 - 200 Russian Orthodox enameled bronze icon Cross 19th century Measurements 27.2 x 13.8 (cm)./ KEYWORDS: ICON; ORTHODOX; ANTIQUE; RUSSIAN; WOOD; BRONZE; ICON CROSS / 2: Russian Orthodox enameled bronze icon Cross EUR 180 - 220 Russian Orthodox enameled bronze icon Cross 19th century Measurements 33.7 x 17.7 (cm) 3: Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon St. Nikola EUR 65 - 150 Russian Orthodox folding enameled bronze Icon St. Nikola 19th century Measurements 6.4 x 5.3 (cm) 4: Rare Antique Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon EUR 160 - 250 Rare Antique folsing Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon 19th century Measurements 10.2 x 14.3 ( cm) 5: Antique Russian Orthodox bronze Icon EUR 65 - 120 Antique folding Russian Orthodox bronze Icon 19th century Measurements 7 x 10.2 (cm) 6: Antique Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon EUR 120 - 180 Antique Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon 18th century Measurements 13.8 x 11.8 ( cm) 7: Antique Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon EUR 120 - 180 Antique Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon 19th century Measurements 14.5 x 12.5 (cm) 8: Rare Antique Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon EUR 290 - 350 Rare Antique folding Russian Orthodox enameled bronze Icon 19th century Measurements 13.4 x 35 (cm) Bid Live Online at LiveAuctioneers.com Page 1 Collectibles, Fine Art & Antiques auction 9: Antique Russian Orthodox
    [Show full text]
  • Writing Iranian Culture Ragionare
    anno XVII (2014), n. 16 (2) ARCHIVIO ISSN 2038-3215 ANTROPOLOGICO MEDITERRANEO ARCHIVIO ANTROPOLOGICO MEDITERRANEO on line anno XVII (2014), n. 16 (2) SEMESTRALE DI SCIENZE UMANE ISSN 2038-3215 Università degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento ‘Culture e Società’ Sezione di Scienze umane, sociali e politiche Direttore responsabile GABRIELLA D’AGOSTINO Comitato di redazione SERGIO BONANZINGA, IGNAZIO E. BUTTITTA, GABRIELLA D’AGOSTINO, FERDINANDO FAVA, VINCENZO MATERA, MATTEO MESCHIARI Segreteria di redazione DANIELA BONANNO, ALESSANDRO MANCUSO, ROSARIO PERRICONE, DAVIDE PORPORATO (website) Impaginazione ALBERTO MUSCO Comitato scientifico MARLÈNE ALBERT-LLORCA Département de sociologie-ethnologie, Université de Toulouse 2-Le Mirail, France ANTONIO ARIÑO VILLARROYA Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, University of Valencia, Spain ANTONINO BUTTITTA Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy IAIN CHAMBERS Dipartimento di Studi Umani e Sociali, Università degli Studi di Napoli «L’Orientale», Italy ALBERTO M. CIRESE (†) Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Italy JEFFREY E. COLE Department of Anthropology, Connecticut College, USA JOÃO DE PINA-CABRAL Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal ALESSANDRO DURANTI UCLA, Los Angeles, USA KEVIN DWYER Columbia University, New York, USA DAVID D. GILMORE Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, NY, USA JOSÉ ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ ALCANTUD University of Granada, Spain ULF HANNERZ Department of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, Sweden MOHAMED KERROU Département des Sciences Politiques, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia MONDHER KILANI Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Culturelle et Sociale, Université de Lausanne, Suisse PETER LOIZOS (†) London School of Economics & Political Science, UK ABDERRAHMANE MOUSSAOUI Université de Provence, IDEMEC-CNRS, France HASSAN RACHIK University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco JANE SCHNEIDER Ph.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. XXVII, No. 1 Sept, 2019
    View from the Fringe Newsletter of the New England Rug Society Vol. 27 No. 1 September 2019 www.ne-rugsociety.org September Meeting Preview: John Wertime on "Miniature Masterpieces" of NW Iran September 13 Meeting Details Time: 7:00 p.m. Place: Durant-Kenrick House, 286 Waverley Ave. Newton Centre, MA, 02458 Directions: From Boston and east, take Mass Pike to exit 17 and follow signs for Boston/Newton Centre, making a U-turn over the Pike. At Newton Centre sign, go RIGHT on Centre St. for 0.1 miles. Go LEFT on Franklin St. for 0.3 miles. Turn RIGHT on Waverley and go 0.2 miles. House is on LEFT. From Rt. 128 and west, take Mass Pike to exit 17, turn RIGHT onto Centre Street and follow directions above. From Watertown Square: Take Galen Street (Rt. 16) toward Newton Centre for 0.4 miles. Continue to Washington St. toward West Newton/Newton Centre, making a U-turn over the Pike At Newton Centre sign, go RIGHT on Centre Street and follow directions above. Parking: On Kenrick Street. Parking places at the end of the Durant-Kenrick House driveway may be used for dropping off people or supplies, but NOT for parking during the meeting. Food: Provided by members whose1 names begin with A through G. Please arrive before 6:45 to set up, and plan to stay afterwards to Shahsavan khorjin, 23" x 12", slit clean up. John Wertime, speaking tapestry, sumak, and weft-float at the Textile Museum brocading, Famiglia Collection in 2014 Most pile rugs and flatwoven textiles come in large dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • Why the U.S. Targeted Iran Allies Ahead of Nuclear Talks
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 43rd year No.13979 Tuesday JUNE 29, 2021 Tir 8, 1400 Dhi Al Qada 18, 1442 U.S. destabilizes region Skocic to lead Iran at Petchem industry Ferdowsi Mausoleum, Naderi by attacking Iraqi, World Cup qualifiers to add 22 new products Garden reopen as coronavirus Syrian groups Page 3 Round 3 Page 3 to output basket Page 4 restrictions relax Page 6 Iran ranked world’s 10th largest Why the U.S. targeted Iran steelmaker in Jan.-May 2021: WSA Iran was ranked the world’s tenth-largest same period in 2020. steel producer in the first five months of The Islamic Republic’s steel output 2021, Iranian Mines and Mining Industries stood at 2.6 million tons in May, indicating Development and Renovation Organization a 7.7 percent rise year on year. (IMIDRO) announced referring to the Based on the mentioned data, the allies ahead of nuclear talks latest data released by the World Steel world’s top 64 steel makers managed See page 3 Association (WSA). to produce 837.5 million tons of steel in According to the WSA’s data, Iran the mentioned five months to register a produced 12.5 million tons of crude 14.5-percent rise from the figure for the steel in January-May 2021, registering last year’s same period. a 9.2 percent growth compared to the Continued on page 4 Yemen launches new massive retaliatory operation in Southern Saudi Arabia The Yemeni army has announced one armed drones.
    [Show full text]
  • Joshua Project People Profile
    August Southern Pashtuns 1 in Iran he Sunni Muslim Pashtun were Tthe traditional rulers of Afghanistan for over 250 years, from founding of the country in 1747 to 1973. Since the overthrow of the Afghan king, the Soviet invasion in the 1970s, and the overthrow of the communists in the 1980s, Afghanistan has faced constant conflict. Many Pashtuns joined other tribal groups and fled Afghanistan during the 1980's conflict. They settled in refugee camps in the border provinces of Iran and Pakistan, and most returned to Afghanistan when things were more settled. However, some Pashtun men have continued to sneak into Iran to escape poverty and the ��pahsh-TOON constant fighting. Younger Pashtun POPULATION: 160,000 men try to go directly to Tehran to LANGUAGE: Pashto, Southern find work in construction, where they RELIGION: Islam are more accepted. Many send BIBLE: Portions money back to Afghanistan to help their families. STATUS: Unreached Ministry Obstacles construction and other areas where Pashtuns are isolated from Iranian Pashtuns commonly work, so they believers; they speak a different can have contact with them. language and are in entirely different social circles. Prayer Focus Pray for a Disciple Making Movement Outreach Ideas among Pashtuns in Iran that will Iranian believers can take up jobs in spread to Pakistan and Afghanistan. SCRIPTURE Therefore, I will teach them—this time I will teach them my power and might. Then they will know that my name is the Lord. Jer 16:21 PRAY that today’s people group will understand from the heart that God is all powerful, and He can give or withhold blessings.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference of Iranian Studies
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF IRANIAN OF CONFERENCE EUROPEAN THE OF EIGHTH STUDIES PROCEEDINGS STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF IRANIAN STUDIES VOLUME I ISBN 978-5-93572-866-4 I VOL. 9 785935 728663 St Petersburg 2019 SOCIETAS IRANOLOGICA EUROPAEA STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL MANUSCRIPTS, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF IRANIAN STUDIES Held on 14–19 September 2015 at the State Hermitage Museum and Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences, in St Petersburg Volume I Studies on Pre-Islamic Iran and on Historical Linguistics Scholarly editor Pavel B. LURJE Saint Petersburg The State Hermitage Publishers 2019 УДК 935.5:006.3(4) ББК (T)63.3(5)(5Ирн) М 34 Published by the decision of the State Hermitage Editorial Board Scholarly editor Pavel B. Lurje English editor Doug Hitch PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF IRANIAN STUDIES (State Hermitage Museum and Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, St Petersburg, 14–19 September 2015). Volume I: Studies on Pre-Islamic Iran and on Historical Linguistics. In English and German. St Petersburg: State Hermitage Publishers, 2019 – 386 pp. + XVI colour plates ISBN 978-5-93572-866-3 (vol. 1) ISBN 978-5-93572-869-4 The volume incorporates articles presented by the participants of the Eighth European Conference of Iranian Studies (in St Petersburg 14–19 September 2015) which were focused on Pre-Islamic Iran and on historical linguistics. The collected papers mirror the wide scope of Iranian studies of the present day: from business documents of ­Tumshuq in ­Xinjiang to those of the Syrian wars of the early Sasanians, from the etymology of the place-name Sudak to the pottery assemblages of Sistan of the Achaemenian period.
    [Show full text]
  • A Lady Doctor in Bakhtiari Land
    A LADY DOCTOR IN BAKHTIARI LAND BY ELIZABETH NESS MACBEAN ROSS, MB, ChB FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE EDITED BY J. N. MACBEAN ROSS, MC; MD; FRCS (Ed) FOREWORD Dr Elizabeth Ness MacBean Ross, in her all too short life, saw and travelled more than is the lot of most women. In this book is an account of her adventurous existence amongst the Bakhtiaris, a powerful tribe inhabiting the mountains and upland valleys between Isfahan and Khuramahad, and a quite unique description of the home life, ways of thinking, mental atmosphere and customs of the many Harems in which she was regarded both as a welcome visitor and a trusted physician. Many adventures befell her in that troublous land, and on one occasion she was lost in the desert and robbed by brigands, the strong intervention of our own Government being required for her restoration to safety. On the outbreak of War, at the request of the Russian Government, she left her work in Persia to take charge of a military hospital in stricken Serbia, first at Nish and later at Kragujevatz. Though not to be numbered amongst those who have fallen in battle she just as nobly gave her life for her country and its cause contracting, as she did, that dire disease of typhus from those amongst whom she ministered. With tragic suddenness she died leaving behind a memory which as a high Serbian official said “will live for ever in the hearts of the Serbian people’’. There is something deeply pathetic in the last honours gratefully paid, from the Crown Prince down to the lowliest peasant, to the memory of this lady doctor who represented to them the goodwill of this country.
    [Show full text]
  • Clars Auction Gallery Prices Realized May 14Th 15Th, 2011 Lot
    Clars Auction Gallery Prices Realized May 14th 15th, 2011 Lot Description Price (Lot of 2) Persian enameled metal goblets, each encircled by a large raised saw-tooth band accentuated by finely painted floral reserves and Islamic 4000 patterns in brightly colored enamels, each base signed in Persian, 5''h $ 80 Sino-Tibetan gilt metal figure of a Buddha, seated in meditation on a double lotus pedestal with his hands to the front in the dharmacakra mudra, the crisply cast face applied with cold gold (wear) and blue pigment applied to 4001 coiffure of small curls, sealed base, 9''h $ 175 Chinese patinated metal figure of Guanyin, the Bodhisattva of Mercy seated in flowing robes on a tall lotus pedestal, the right hand held upwards in the gesture of reassurance, the other holding an amphora to the front, the aristocratic visage framed by a jeweled coiffure fronted by a small figure of 4002 a seated Buddha, 10.75''h $ 100 (Lot of 5) Chinese carved ivory ornaments, consisting of: a pair of emperor and empress pendants in high relief, pigment accents; a small bust of an emperor; a reticulated bird-and-flower pendant; and an eight floral plaque 4003 bracelet, first 2.5''h $ 175 East Indian carved ivory figure of Vishnu, with delicate facial features framed by tall headdress and backed by a foliate-form mandorla, the slender body draped in robes with cascading folds and holding various attributes such as a conch and trident, all supported on a lotus pedestal 4004 (hairline cracks and repairs), ivory: 10''h, overall: 11.8''h $ 375 (Lot of 2) Chinese figural
    [Show full text]
  • Community Participation in Protected Areas in Iran, Afghanistan, and India
    Community Participation in Protected Areas in Iran, Afghanistan, and India by Soudeh Jamshidian Ghaleh Sefidi M.Sc., Tarbiat Modares University, 2006 B.Sc., University of Tehran, 2003 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Resource and Environmental Management Faculty of Environment © Soudeh Jamshidian Ghaleh Sefidi 2020 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2020 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Soudeh Jamshidian Ghaleh Sefidi Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: Community Participation in Protected Areas in Iran, Afghanistan, and India Examining Committee: Chair: Sean Markey Professor John R. Welch Senior Supervisor Professor Murray R. Rutherford Supervisor Associate Professor Kenneth Lertzman Supervisor Professor Evelyn Pinkerton Internal Examiner Professor Benedict J. Colombi External Examiner Professor American Indian Studies University of Arizona Date Defended/Approved: April 22, 2020 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract Community participation has become an essential part of protected area (PA) management worldwide. This thesis contributes suggestions for improving conservation effectiveness and efficiency by boosting responsible local community participation in PA management. I studied Sabzkouh PA in Iran, Shah Foladi PA in Afghanistan, and Bhitarkanika National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary in India to examine: (1) what factors affect community participation in PAs in developing countries? (2) what roles can state governments and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play to support community participation? (3) how can application of equity criteria improve PA management? My studies, conducted between 2009 and 2018, combined document reviews with personal observations, participatory rural appraisal workshops, and open-ended interviews with local community members, state government staff, NGO representatives, and researchers.
    [Show full text]
  • Lot Description LOW Estimate HIGH Estimate 4000 a Wooden Vessel
    LOW HIGH Lot Description Estimate Estimate A wooden vessel with a hardstone ring handle, carved with Indian deities, 5.5"W 4000 x 19"H $ 100 - 200 4001 A blue and white Chinese vase depicting scholar and servant, 6.5"W x 12.5"H $ 200 - 300 A Chinese blue and white revolving vase, with pair of mystical beast handles , six- 4002 character mark to the base; 5.5"w x 8.75"h $ 300 - 500 A Chinese blue and white footed bowl decorated with dragon chasing flaming 4003 pearls and elephant head handles , 10.5"W x 12"H $ 200 - 300 4004 A Tang-style Sancai ewer in a phoenix head shape; 4.5"W x 9.75"H $ 100 - 200 A pair of Chinese double gourd Familie-rose vases, enameled with floral 4005 decoration on a green ground, 8.5"W x 14"H $ 500 - 700 Chinese Guan-type ceramic brush washer, of drum form with two rows of raised 4006 bosses accenting the side, the blue-gray glaze suffused with a network of dark crackles, 6"W x 2.75"H $ 500 - 700 A Chinese hardstone carving of a covered antique vase surrounded with four 4007 dragons 9"H x 6"W $ 150 - 250 A Chinese wooden ruyi scepter inset with three carved jade panels 19.5"W x 4008 3.25"H $ 500 - 700 A Chinese wooden ruyi scepter, with "longevity" incised in the central panel, 4009 14.5"W x 4.5"H $ 150 - 250 4010 (lot of 6) A group of six Southeast Asian dishes and wares, 8"W x 1.5"H $ 100 - 200 4011 A large Chinese celadon bowl with incised decorative patterns, 13"W x 6"H $ 200 - 300 A large Chinese yellow ground bowl with incised patterns of dragon and cloud 4012 scrolls, 13.5"W x 5.75"H $ 200 - 300 4013 A
    [Show full text]
  • Ramezani-Catalogue.Pdf
    www.ramezanirugs.com 1 —RAMEZANI Ramezani London, the largest wholesaler and distributor of quality hand-made rugs and carpets in Europe, with over 60 years of leading presence and experties globally, would like to introduce you to part of its exclusive collection. This catalouge represents part of our comprehensive collection of over 25,000 pieces of quality handmade carpets and kilims (flat weave). our wide range of carpets and kilims represented in this catalogue may come in various sizes from small to large depending on design and origin and are subject to availability. Bespoke rugs can also be provided. We would highly recommend you to visit our showrooms for a larger selection suiting your taste and space. “Luxury must be comfortable, otherwse it is not luxury” 2 3 Heritage 6 Our Services 8 Fine Persian • Qum 11 • Tabriz 14 • Nain 18 • Isfahan 22 Persian • Kashan 26 • Bidjar 29 • Classical Persian Design 33 Nomadic • Kashgai and Shiraz 36 • Gabbeh 40 Decorative: • Garous/Fine Garous (Afghanistan/Pakistan) 44 • Modern Garous (Aghanistan/Pakistan/Persian) 51 • Kazak (Afghanistan/Pakistan) 52 • Afghan/ Ersari Design/ Khal Mohammadi 56 Oversize and odd Sizes (Long & Narrow, circular) 60 Aubusson and Tapestries 66 Kilims, cushions and Stools 72 Antique Collection 83 Glossary 88 4 5 Our Heritage Ramezani Oriental Carpets was founded by In addition, he established his network of more late Nasser Ramezani in 1955, supplying many than 15 knowledgeable local agents obtaining rugs wholesalers, department stores and Oriental rug first hand directly in villages or small local bazaars specialist shops worldwide. at competitive prices. Soon he established a reputation and credibility Having their own washing and finishing plant that is still remembered among the trade due to his with the facility of a laboratoy and chemist, gave perseverance, commitment to hard work, honesty, them the possibility and the advantage over their kindness and his generosity towards his colleagues, competitors in washing and finishing the goods staff and people in need.
    [Show full text]
  • Id Title Publisher Year Subtitle Dep Isbn1 Isbn2
    ID TITLE PUBLISHER YEAR SUBTITLE DEP ISBN1 ISBN2 BOOK NR AUTHOR 1 The women's warpath ucla fowler museum of 1996 Iban ritual fabrics from borneo 15 0-930741-50-1 0-930741-51-x SEA0001 Traude Gavin cultural history 2 Textile traditions of Los Angeles county 1977 15 0-87587-083-x SEA0002 Mary Hunt Kahlenberg Indonesia museum of art 3 Indonesische Textilien Deutsches Textilmuseum 1984 Wege zu Göttern und Ahnen 15 3-923158-05-X SEA0003 Brigitte Khan Majlis Krefeld 4 Walk in splendor ucla fowler museum of 1999 ceremonial dress and the 15 0-930741-72-2 0-930741-73-0 SEA0004 T.Abdullah cultural history Minangkabau 5 Geometrie d'Oriente sillabe, Livorno 1999 Stefano Bardini e il tappeto 5 88 -8347- 010-9 GEN0029 Alberto Boralevi Oriental Geometries antico Stefano Bardini and the Antique Carpet 6 Her-ontdekking van Lamandart 1994 17 90-5276-009-8 90-5276-008-X SNA0001 Brommer,De Precolumbiaans Textiel Bolle,Hughes,Pollet,Sorbe r,Verhecken 7 Eeuwen van weven Nederlands 1992 Bij de Hopi- en Navajo- indianen 17 90-7096217-9 SNA0002 Helena Gelijns, Fred van Textielmuseum Tilburg Oss 8 Bolivian Indian Textiles dover publications, inc. 1981 Traditional Designs and 17 0-486-24118-1 SNA0003 Tamara E.Wasserman, Costumes Jonathan S.Hill 9 3000 jaar weven in de Andes Gemeentemuseum 1988 textiel uit Peru en Bolivia 17 90 68322 14 1 SNA0004 Brommer, Lugtigheid, Helmond Roelofs, Mook-Andreae 10 Coptic Textiles The friends of the Benaki 1971 22 Mag0019 Benaki Museum Museum,Athens 11 Coptic Fabrics Adam Biro 1990 14 2-87660-084-6 CPC0002 Marie Helene Rutschowscaya
    [Show full text]