DOCSLIB.ORG

Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea Landfast Ice: Mechanisms of Formation and Variability of Extent

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea Landfast Ice: Mechanisms of Formation and Variability of Extent LAPTEV SEA AND EAST SIBERIAN SEA LANDFAST ICE: MECHANISMS OF FORMATION AND VARIABILITY OF EXTENT by Valeria Selyuzhenok A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geosciences Approved Dissertation Committee Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Gerdes, Jacobs University Bremen, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven Prof. Dr. Joachim Vogt, Jacobs University Bremen Dr. Thomas Krumpen, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven Date of Defense: October, 13, 2017 Physics & Earth Sciences Statutory Declaration Family Name, Given/First Name Matriculationnumber What kind of thesis are you submitting: Bachelor‐, Master‐ or PhD‐Thesis English: Declaration of Authorship I hereby declare that the thesis submitted was created and written solely by myself without any external support. Any sources, direct or indirect, are marked as such. I am aware of the fact that the contents of the thesis in digital form may be revised with regard to usage of unauthorized aid as well as whether the whole or parts of it may be identified as plagiarism. I do agree my work to be entered into a database for it to be compared with existing sources, where it will remain in order to enable further comparisons with future theses. This does not grant any rights of reproduction and usage, however. The Thesis has been written independently and has not been submitted at any other university for the conferral of a PhD degree; neither has the thesis been previously published in full. German: Erklärung der Autorenschaft (Urheberschaft) Ich erkläre hiermit, dass die vorliegende Arbeit ohne fremde Hilfe ausschließlich von mir erstellt und geschrieben worden ist. Jedwede verwendeten Quellen, direkter oder indirekter Art, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht worden. Mir ist die Tatsache bewusst, dass der Inhalt der Thesis in digitaler Form geprüft werden kann im Hinblick darauf, ob es sich ganz oder in Teilen um ein Plagiat handelt. Ich bin damit einverstanden, dass meine Arbeit in einer Datenbank eingegeben werden kann, um mit bereits bestehenden Quellen verglichen zu werden und dort auch verbleibt, um mit zukünftigen Arbeiten verglichen werden zu können. Dies berechtigt jedoch nicht zur Verwendung oder Vervielfältigung. Diese Arbeit wurde in der vorliegenden Form weder einer anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt noch wurde das Gesamtdokument bisher veröffentlicht. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date, Signature Abstract Landfast ice is a motionless continuous with the shore sea ice over. It forms seasonally in the majority of the Arctic coastal areas. Although it comprises a only small fraction of winter Arctic sea ice extent, it plays a significant role in the global climate system and is particularly important for coastal ecosystems and human activity. Along with the ongoing changes in the Arctic sea ice cover, the reduction of fast ice season and extent were reported in the majority of the Arctic marginal seas. A detail understanding of the mechanisms controlling fast ice development on a regional scale is important to predict future changes in fast ice cover and coastal environment. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the variability of the fast ice extent in the Laptev and East Siberian seas and to find the mechanisms responsible for this variability. Using operational sea ice charts produced at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (Russia) we analyzed seasonal and interannual variability of fast ice extent in the southeastern Laptev Sea between 1999 and 2013 and in the East Siberian Seas between 1999 and 2015. We characterized seasonal fast ice development in these regions by identifying key events in the course of fast ice growth and decay. Analyzing the timing of the fast ice key events, we found a decrease in duration of fast ice season in both regions with a rate of 2.8 d/y in the Laptev Sea and 1.5 d/y in the East Siberian Sea. This changes are caused by both a later beginning and earlier end of fast ice season, which can be partially explained by long-term trends in the onset of freezeup and melt. The winter fast ice extent did not show any changes during the investigation period, however previous studies report on the reduction in winter fast area (Yu et al., 2014). A time series of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery was used to investigate small-scale processes contributing to the advance of fast ice edge to its winter location in the southeastern Laptev Sea. A detailed examination of SAR-based ice drift showed that several grounded ice features are formed offshore prior to fast ice expansion. These features play a key role in offshore advance of the fast ice edge and serve as stabilizing points for surrounding pack ice as it becomes landfast. Contrary to previous studies (Eicken et al., 2005; Karklin et al., 2013), we conclude that grounding is a key mechanism of fast ice development in the southeastern Laptev Sea. The position and shape of fast ice edge in the East Siberian Sea suggests that formation of grounded ice ridges might be responsible for interannual variations in winter fast extent. In addition, the SAR data were used to study the processes of sediment incorporation into the Laptev Sea fast ice. The study showed that up to 10% of the annually exported sediment load may be incorporated during a coastal polynya event. Further delay in the beginning of fast ice season or occurrence of mid-winter breakup events might impact viii the regional sediment budget and have further consequences for radiation balance within the export pathways of the Laptev Sea ice into the Transpolar Drift. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Arctic sea ice as a part of the climate system . .1 1.2 Arctic fast ice . .3 1.2.1 Definition and variability of the Arctic fast ice extent . .3 1.2.2 Importance of fast ice for climate, ecology and human activity .5 1.2.3 Recent changes in the Arctic fast ice cover . .6 1.3 Scope of this work . .6 1.4 Overview of papers . .6 2 Seasonal and interannual variability of fast ice extent in the southeastern Laptev Sea between 1999 and 2013 9 3 Mechanisms of fast ice development in the southeastern Laptev Sea: A Case study for winter of 2007/08 and 2009/10 27 4 East Siberian Sea fast ice: Interannual variations in winter extent and linkage with atmospheric forcing 39 4.1 Introduction . 40 4.2 Data and Methods . 41 4.2.1 Fast ice information . 41 4.2.2 Freezeup and Melt onset. Freezing (FDDs) and thawing (TDDs) degree days . 42 4.2.3 Atmospheric dynamic factors . 42 4.3 Results . 43 4.3.1 Seasonal cycle . 43 4.3.2 Key events and trends . 45 4.3.3 Linkage with thermodynamic factors . 45 4.3.4 Linkage with atmospheric circulation . 45 4.4 Discussion . 48 4.5 Conclusion . 50 5 Sediment entrainment into sea ice and transport in the Transpolar Drift: a case study from the Laptev Sea in winter 2011/2012 51 6 Discussion and Outlook 63 ix x Contents List of Figures 67 List of Tables 69 Bibliography 71 Acknowledgements 85 Statutory Declaration 85 Chapter 1 Introduction This thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 1 introduces the topic of this thesis by providing the background information on sea ice and in particular on Arctic fast ice. The objectives of this work are presented in Section 1.3. Section 1.4 links four papers (Chapters 2 – 5) which comprise the main outcome of the work. Chapter 6 elaborates on the findings and summarizes the main results. 1.1 Arctic sea ice as a part of the climate system Sea ice is a distinctive feature of polar regions and a key component of the global climate system. The sea ice cover is characterized by a strong annual cycle: It advances during cold seasons and retreats during warm seasons. At its annual maximal extent sea ice covers about 5 % of the northern and 8 % of the southern hemisphere (Lubin and Massom, 2006; Gloersen et al., 1993). The presence of sea ice in the polar regions regulates the energy balance of the climate system. Because sea ice has significantly higher albedo (the capability of a surface to reflect radiation) than the ocean surface, the sea ice covered ocean receives less energy compared to the ice-free ocean. Changes in sea ice area imply a positive feedback loop which is called ice-albedo feedback: Reduction in sea ice area leads to a decrease in surface albedo, as a consequence more energy is absorbed by the surface which in turn facilitates the reduction of sea ice. The positive feedback also applies in case of increasing sea ice covered area. Regulating the amount of energy received by the surface, sea ice affects the intensity of heat redistribution between the mid-latitudes and the polar regions. Changes in sea ice cover impact temperature gradients between the polar region and mid-latitudes, which in turn modify the global atmospheric circulation (Budikova, 2009). Furthermore, during the formation and melt of sea ice, a great amount of freshwater is exchanged between the ocean and sea ice which can affect the global thermohaline ocean circulation (Barry et al., 1993; Mauritzen and Hakkinen, 1997). 1 2 Chapter 1 Introduction Forming an insulating layer between the ocean and the atmosphere, sea ice regulates the flux of heat, moisture and momentum between the two systems. Sea ice is also an important component of the ecological system as it provides habitats for microorganisms and a hunting platform for mammals. In the northern hemisphere, sea ice has a great impact on human activity. The presence of sea ice restricts navigation and natural resource extraction.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SILURIAN TIMES NEWSLETTER of the INTERNATIONAL SUBCOMMISSION on SILURIAN STRATIGRAPHY (ISSS) (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION on STRATIGRAPHY, ICS) No
    SILURIAN TIMES NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SUBCOMMISSION ON SILURIAN STRATIGRAPHY (ISSS) (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHY, ICS) No. 27 (for 2019) Edited by ZHAN Renbin INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES President: CHENG Qiuming (Canada) Vice-Presidents: Kristine ASCH (Germany) William CAVAZZA (Italy) Secretary General: Stanley C. FINNEY (USA) Treasurer: Hiroshi KITAZATO (Japan) INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHY Chairman: David A.T. HARPER (UK) Vice-Chairman: Brian T. HUBER (USA) Secretary General: Philip GIBBARD (UK) SUBCOMMISSION ON SILURIAN STRATIGRAPHY Chairman: Petr ŠTORCH (Czech Republic) Vice-Chairman: Carlo CORRADINI (Italy) Secretary: ZHAN Renbin (China) Other titular members: Anna ANTOSHKINA (Russia) Carlton E. BRETT (USA) Bradley CRAMER (USA) David HOLLOWAY (Australia) Jisuo JIN (Canada) Anna KOZŁOWSKA (Poland) Jiří KŘÍŽ (Czech Republic) David K. LOYDELL (UK) Peep MÄNNIK (Estonia) Michael J. MELCHIN (Canada) Axel MUNNECKE (Germany) Silvio PERALTA (Argentina) Thijs VANDENBROUCKE (Belgium) WANG Yi (China) Živilė ŽIGAITĖ (Lithuania) Silurian Subcommission website: http://silurian.stratigraphy.org 1 CONTENTS CHAIRMAN’S CORNER 3 ANNUAL REPORT OF SILURIAN SUBCOMMISSION FOR 2019 7 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON STRATGRAPHY STATUTES 15 REPORTS OF ACTIVITIES IN 2019 25 1. Report on the ISSS business meeting 2019 25 2. Report on the 15th International Symposium on Early/Lower Vertebrates 28 3. Report on the 13th International Symposium on the Ordovician System in conjunction with the 3rd Annual Meeting of IGCP 653 32 GUIDELINES FOR THE ISSS AWARD: KOREN' AWARD 33 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF MEETINGS and ACTIVITIES 34 1. Lithological Meeting: GEOLOGY OF REEFS 34 SILURIAN RESEARCH 2019: NEWS FROM THE MEMBERS 36 RECENT PUBLICATIONS ON THE SILURIAN RESEARCH 67 MEMBERSHIP NEWS 77 1. List of all Silurian workers and interested colleagues 77 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleozoic Rocks of Northern Chukotka Peninsula, Russian Far East: Implications for the Tectonicsof the Arctic Region
    TECTONICS, VOL. 18, NO. 6, PAGES 977-1003 DECEMBER 1999 Paleozoic rocks of northern Chukotka Peninsula, Russian Far East: Implications for the tectonicsof the Arctic region BorisA. Natal'in,1 Jeffrey M. Amato,2 Jaime Toro, 3,4 and James E. Wright5 Abstract. Paleozoicrocks exposedacross the northernflank of Alaskablock the essentialelement involved in the openingof the the mid-Cretaceousto Late CretaceousKoolen metamorphic Canada basin. domemake up two structurallysuperimposed tectonic units: (1) weaklydeformed Ordovician to Lower Devonianshallow marine 1. Introduction carbonatesof the Chegitununit which formed on a stableshelf and (2) strongly deformed and metamorphosedDevonian to Interestin stratigraphicand tectoniccorrelations between the Lower Carboniferousphyllites, limestones, and an&site tuffs of RussianFar East and Alaska recentlyhas beenrevived as the re- the Tanatapunit. Trace elementgeochemistry, Nd isotopicdata, sult of collaborationbetween North Americanand Russiangeol- and texturalevidence suggest that the Tanataptuffs are differen- ogists.This paperpresents the resultsof one suchstudy from the tiatedcalc-alkaline volcanic rocks possibly derived from a mag- ChegitunRiver valley, Russia,where field work was carriedout matic arc. We interpretthe associatedsedimentary facies as in- to establishthe stratigraphic,structural, and metamorphicrela- dicativeof depositionin a basinal setting,probably a back arc tionshipsin the northernpart of the ChukotkaPeninsula (Figure basin. Orthogneissesin the core of the Koolen dome yielded a
    [Show full text]
  • Translitterering Och Alternativa Geografiska Namnformer
    TRANSLITTERERING OCH ALTERNATIVA GEOGRAFISKA NAMNFORMER Version XX, 27 juli 2015, Stefan Nordblom 1 FÖRORD För många utländska egennamn, i första hand personnamn och geografiska namn, finns det på svenska väl etablerade namnformer. Om det inte finns någon sådan kan utländska egennamn dock vålla bekymmer vid översättning till svenska. Föreliggande material är tänkt att vara till hjälp i sådana situationer och tar upp fall av translitterering1 och transkribering2 samt exonymer3 . Problemen uppstår främst på grund av att olika språk har olika system för translitterering och transkribering från ett visst språk och på grund av att orter kan ha olika namn på olika utländska språk. Eftersom vi oftast översätter från engelska och franska innehåller sammanställningen även translittereringar och exonymer på engelska och franska (samt tyska). Man kan alltså i detta material göra en sökning på sådana namnformer och komma fram till den svenska namnformen. Om man t.ex. i en engelsk text träffar på det geografiska namnet Constance kan man söka på det namnet här och då få reda på att staden (i detta fall på tyska och) på svenska kallas Konstanz. Den efterföljande sammanställningen bygger i huvudsak på följande källor: Institutet för de inhemska språken (FI): bl.a. skriften Svenska ortnamn i Finland - http://kaino.kotus.fi/svenskaortnamn/ Iate (EU-institutionernas termbank) Nationalencyklopedin Nationalencyklopedins kartor Interinstitutionella publikationshandboken - http://publications.europa.eu/code/sv/sv-000100.htm Språkbruk (Tidskrift utgiven av Svenska språkbyrån i Helsingfors) Språkrådet© (1996). Publikation med rekommendationer i term- och språkfrågor som utarbetas av rådets svenska översättningsenhet i samråd med övriga EU-institutioner. TT-språket - info.tt.se/tt-spraket/ I de fall uppgifterna i dessa källor inte överensstämmer med varandra har det i enskilda fall varit nödvändigt att väga, välja och sammanjämka namnförslagen, varvid rimlig symmetri har eftersträvats.
    [Show full text]
  • Icesat-Derived Elevation Changes on the Lena Delta and Laptev Sea, Siberia
    Open Journal of Modern Hydrology, 2014, 4, 1-9 Published Online January 2014 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojmh) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmh.2014.41001 ICESat-Derived Elevation Changes on the Lena Delta and Laptev Sea, Siberia Reginald R. Muskett Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA. Email: [email protected] Received November 19th, 2013; revised December 5th, 2013; accepted December 12th, 2013 Copyright © 2014 Reginald R. Muskett. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In accor- dance of the Creative Commons Attribution License all Copyrights © 2014 are reserved for SCIRP and the owner of the intellectual property Reginald R. Muskett. All Copyright © 2014 are guarded by law and by SCIRP as a guardian. ABSTRACT We employ elevation data from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) to investigate surface changes across the Lena Delta and sea ice of the coastal Laptev Sea, Sibe- ria during winters of 2003 through 2008. We compare ICESat GLAS-derived elevation changes on sea ice and the Bykovskaya and Sardakhskaya Channels with datum-corrected tide gauge height measurements from Danai, Sannikova and Tiksi stations. We find the coastal sea ice and large inland ice covered channels elevation changes are in phase with the tide-height changes on a same month-year and datum-controlled basis. Furthermore, we find elevation change on tundra drained lake basins to be +0.03 ± 0.02 m, on average.
    [Show full text]
  • LATE PLEISTOCENE and EARLY HOLOCENE WINTER AIR TEMPERATURES in KOTELNY ISLAND: RECONSTRUCTIONS USING STABLE ISOTOPES of ICE WEDGES Yu.K
    Kriosfera Zemli, 2019, vol. XXIII, No. 2, pp. 12–24 http://www.izdatgeo.ru DOI: 10.21782/EC2541-9994-2019-2(12-24) LATE PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY HOLOCENE WINTER AIR TEMPERATURES IN KOTELNY ISLAND: RECONSTRUCTIONS USING STABLE ISOTOPES OF ICE WEDGES Yu.K. Vasil’chuk1,2, V.M. Makeev3, A.A. Maslakov1, N.A. Budantseva1, A.C. Vasil’chuk1 1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography and Faculty of Geology, 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia 2 Tyumen State University, 6, Volodarskogo str., Tyumen, 625003, Russia; [email protected] 3Russian State Hydrometeorological University, 98, Malookhtinsky prosp., St. Petersburg, 109017, Russia Late Pleistocene and Holocene winter air temperatures in Kotelny Island, northeastern Russian Arctic, have been reconstructed using oxygen isotope compositions of ice wedges and correlated with evidence of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate variations inferred from pollen data. The δ18О values range exceeds 6 ‰ in Late Pleistocene ice wedges but is only 1.5 ‰ in the Holocene ones (–30.6 ‰ to –24.0 ‰ against –23.1 ‰ to –21.6 ‰, respectively). The Late Pleistocene mean January air temperatures in Kotelny Island were 10–12 °С lower than the respective present temperature. On the other hand, mean winter temperatures in cold substages during the Karga interstadial were colder than those during the Sartan glacial event. The Late Pleistocene– Holocene climate history included several warm intervals when air temperatures were high enough to maintain the existence of low canopy tree patches in Kotelny Island. Mean January air temperatures in the early Holocene were only 1.0–1.5 °С lower than now.
    [Show full text]
  • Aalenian Stage, Jurassic, 209 Absolute Plate Motion, 36 Acadian
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10532-4 — Earth History and Palaeogeography Trond H. Torsvik , L. Robin M. Cocks Index More Information Index Aalenian Stage, Jurassic, 209 Andrarum Limestone, Sweden, 100 Austrazean brachiopod Province, 192 absolute plate motion, 36 Angara Massif, Siberia, 99, 135, 172 Avalonia Continent, 41, 51, 90, 112, 128, 141 Acadian Orogeny, 145 Angaran floral Province, 174, 191 Aves Ridge, 48 Acanthostega amphibian, 154 Angayucham Ocean, 146, 186 Axel Heiberg Island, Canada, 44, 203, 253 Acatlán Complex, Mexico, 141 Anisian Stage, Triassic, 196 Achala granite, Argentina, 164 Annamia Continent, 66, 92, 98, 115, 142, 164, Baffin Bay, Canada, 251 Achalian Orogeny, 141 186 Bajocian Stage, Jurassic, 209 acritarchs, 113 Annamia–South China continent, 129 Balkhash–Mongol–Okhotsk Region, 156 Admiralty Granite, Antarctica, 164 Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 254 Baltic Shield, 99 Adria Terrane, 261 Antarctic ice sheet, 272 Baltica Continent, 15, 50, 109 Adriatic promontory, 245 Antarctic Peninsula, 72, 128, 189, 238 Banda Arc, 67 Ægir Ocean, 86, 139 Antarctic Plate, 226 Banda Embayment, 261 Ægir Ridge, 251 Antarctica, 69 Banggi–Sula, Indonesia, 67 Afar LIP, 249, 264, 273 Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco, 164 Barbados Prism, 48 Afghanistan, 63, 142 Anticosti Island, Canada, 122, 136 Barents Sea, 44, 52, 184, 201, 251 African Plate, 13 Antler Orogeny, 44, 146 Barguzin Terrane, Siberia, 56, 151 age of the Earth, 77 Anyui, Russian Arctic, 55 Barremian Stage, Cretaceous, 220 Agulhas–Falkland Fracture Zone, 212 Appalachians, 145,
    [Show full text]
  • The Seasonal Cycle and Break-Up of Landfast Sea Ice Along the Northwest Coast of Kotelny Island, East Siberian Sea
    Journal of Glaciology The seasonal cycle and break-up of landfast sea ice along the northwest coast of Kotelny Island, East Siberian Sea Article Mengxi Zhai1,2, Bin Cheng2,3 , Matti Leppäranta4, Fengming Hui2,5, Xinqing Li2,5, 6 1 2,5 Cite this article: Zhai M, Cheng B, Leppäranta Denis Demchev , Ruibo Lei and Xiao Cheng M, Hui F, Li X, Demchev D, Lei R, Cheng X (2021). The seasonal cycle and break-up of 1MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China; 2State Key landfast sea ice along the northwest coast of Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal Kotelny Island, East Siberian Sea. Journal of University, Beijing 100875, China; 3Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki FI-00101, Finland; 4Institute of Glaciology 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/ Atmosphere and Earth Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; 5School of Geospatial jog.2021.85 Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China and 6Nansen Environmental and Received: 8 November 2020 Remote Sensing Centre (NERSC), Bergen N-5006, Norway Revised: 16 June 2021 Accepted: 21 June 2021 Abstract Key words: Arctic landfast sea ice (LFSI) represents an important quasi-stationary coastal zone. Its evolution Arctic Ocean; ice break-up; landfast sea ice; is determined by the regional climate and bathymetry. This study investigated the seasonal cycle remote sensing; thermodynamic model and interannual variations of LFSI along the northwest coast of Kotelny Island. Initial freezing, Authors for correspondence: rapid ice formation, stable and decay stages were identified in the seasonal cycle based on appli- Xiao Cheng, cation of the visual inspection approach (VIA) to MODIS/Envisat imagery and results from a E-mail: [email protected]; thermodynamic snow/ice model.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biogeochemistry of Lena River: Organic Carbon and Nutrients Distribution
    Marine Chemistry 53 (I 996) 2 1I-227 The biogeochemistry of Lena River: organic carbon and nutrients distribution G. Cauwet ‘, I. Sidorov ‘.’ ” Centre National de la Recherche Scientfiyue. Gmupement dr Rrcherchrs lnteractioru Continent-O&n. Ohsewrrtoire OcPanologique. BP 44, 66651 Barguls sur Mer. France h Tiksi Department of Roscomhydmmrt, Akademiku Fedororcr, 27. 678400 Tiksi, Republic Sukha f YcrkutiwL Ruxsitr Received 25 May 1994: accepted 5 January 1995 Abstract The Lena River is one of the most important rivers flowing to the Arctic Ocean. Draining the Siberian forest and tundra, it is characterized by black waters enriched in organic matter. Compared to other Arctic or subarctic rivers, the Lena River is very similar in the content of ammonia, phosphates, organic nitrogen and phosphorus, but three times richer in silica and nitrate. The distribution of POC, DOC, DIC and suspended matter during two cruises in September 1989 and 1991 was comparable and was influenced by the water input from the river. DOC and DIC exhibit a very conservative behaviour to salinity. The TOC discharge, is on a yearly basis directly connected to water discharge with a maximum during the flood time in June-July. From about 330 pM during the low stage period (November to April), the TOC concentration increases up to 1200 pM during the flood. The organic carbon content of suspended matter depends upon the level sampled and decreases with the suspended load. Surface samples range between 4 and 209 while samples collected in bottom waters are less rich (6 to 3%). Waters from the Buor-Khaya Bay are richer (20 to 10%7F).
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Eastern Seas of the Russian Arctic (The Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea)
    Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Eastern Seas of the Russian Arctic (the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea) Seventeenth century 1629 At the Yenisei Voivodes’ House “The Inventory of the Lena, the Great River” was compiled and it reads that “the Lena River flows into the sea with its mouth.” 1633 The armed forces of Yenisei Cossacks, headed by Postnik, Ivanov, Gubar, and M. Stadukhin, arrived at the lower reaches of the Lena River. The Tobolsk Cossack, Ivan Rebrov, was the first to reach the mouth of Lena, departing from Yakutsk. He discovered the Olenekskiy Zaliv. 1638 The first Russian march toward the Pacific Ocean from the upper reaches of the Aldan River with the departure from the Butalskiy stockade fort was headed by Ivan Yuriev Moskvitin, a Cossack from Tomsk. Ivan Rebrov discovered the Yana Bay. He Departed from the Yana River, reached the Indigirka River by sea, and built two stockade forts there. 1641 The Cossack foreman, Mikhail Stadukhin, was sent to the Kolyma River. 1642 The Krasnoyarsk Cossack, Ivan Erastov, went down the Indigirka River up to its mouth and by sea reached the mouth of the Alazeya River, being the first one at this river and the first one to deliver the information about the Chukchi. 1643 Cossacks F. Chukichev, T. Alekseev, I. Erastov, and others accomplished the sea crossing from the mouth of the Alazeya River to the Lena. M. Stadukhin and D. Yarila (Zyryan) arrived at the Kolyma River and founded the Nizhnekolymskiy stockade fort on its bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Body Mass of Juvenile Ross's Gulls Rhodostethia Rosea in the Laptev
    ARCTIC VOL. 51, NO. 3 (SEPTEMBER 1998) P. 280– 282 Low Body Mass of Juvenile Ross’s Gulls Rhodostethia rosea in the Laptev Sea ÅKE LINDSTRÖM,1 STAFFAN BENSCH1 and PAUL ERIC JÖNSSON1 (Received 4 September 1997; accepted in revised form 23 December 1997) ABSTRACT. Four juvenile Ross’s gulls Rhodostethia rosea were trapped on the New Siberian Islands in the Laptev Sea in early August 1994, allowing data collection on body mass and morphometrics from a poorly known part of the species’ annual cycle. The wings of juvenile birds were shorter than those previously reported for adults, but their bill length and tarsus length were similar. Their average body mass (128 g) was very low, suggesting that some juvenile Ross’s gulls have only very small energy reserves left after post-breeding dispersal, which in this case was at least 300 km. Key words: Ross’s gull, Rhodostethia rosea, body mass, morphometrics, post-breeding dispersal, New Siberian Islands, Laptev Sea RÉSUMÉ. Au début d’août 1994, la capture de quatre mouettes rosées (Rhodostethia rosea) juvéniles dans l’archipel de Nouvelle- Sibérie situé dans la mer des Laptev, a permis de recueillir des données morphométriques ainsi que des données sur la masse corporelle d’une partie mal connue du cycle annuel de l’espèce. Les ailes des oiseaux juvéniles étaient plus courtes que celles des adultes mesurées précédemment, mais la longueur de leur bec et de leur tarse étaient identiques. La moyenne peu élevée (128 g) de la masse corporelle suggère que certaines des mouettes rosées juvéniles ne possèdent que de très faibles réserves d’énergie juste après la dispersion qui suit la saison des nids, dispersion qui dans ce cas était d’au moins 300 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Devonian–Permian Sedimentary Basins and Paleogeography of the Eastern Russian Arctic: an Overview
    Tectonophysics 691 (2016) 234–255 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Devonian–Permian sedimentary basins and paleogeography of the Eastern Russian Arctic: An overview Victoria B. Ershova a,⁎, Andrei V. Prokopiev b, Andrey K. Khudoley a a Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia b Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin Pr. 39, Yakutsk 677980, Russia article info abstract Article history: The Arctic basins attract broad international interest because of the region's potentially significant undiscovered Received 13 July 2015 hydrocarbon resources. The Russian High Arctic is mostly represented by broad shelves, with a few wells drilled Received in revised form 9 March 2016 only in its western part (Kara and Barents shelves). This contribution provides an overview of the geological set- Accepted 20 March 2016 ting, stratigraphy, paleogeography, and tectono-sedimentary evolution of the middle–late Paleozoic basins of the Available online 26 March 2016 Eastern Russian Arctic, including: Severnaya Zemlya, the New Siberian Islands, northern Siberia, the Taimyr and Keywords: Chukotka peninsulas, and Wrangel Island. Reconstructing the geological evolution of the Eastern Russian – fi Arctic Arctic during the middle late Paleozoic is very dif cult because the region was overprinted by a number of Russia late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic tectonic events. Paleogeography © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Paleozoic Provenance 1. Introduction we also analyze the available detrital zircon data from the Eastern Russian Arctic. The Arctic basins have attracted an increasing amount of interna- tional interest in recent years because of the potential for containing a 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Potential for Non-Turbulent Methane Escape From
    Assessing the potential for non-turbulent methane escape from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Matteo Puglini1,2, Victor Brovkin1,3, Pierre Regnier2, and Sandra Arndt2 1Land in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 2BGeosys, Department Geoscience, Environment & Society (DGES), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium 3CEN, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Correspondence: Matteo Puglini ([email protected]) Abstract. The East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) hosts large, yet poorly quantified reservoirs of subsea permafrost and as- sociated gas hydrates. It has been suggested that the global-warming induced thawing and dissociation of these reservoirs is currently releasing methane (CH4) to the shallow coastal ocean and ultimately the atmosphere. However, a major unknown in assessing the contribution of this CH4 flux to the global CH4 cycle and its climate feedbacks is the fate of CH4 as it migrates 5 towards the sediment-water interface. In marine sediments, (an)aerobic oxidation reactions generally act as a very efficient methane sink. Yet, a number of environmental conditions can reduce the efficiency of this biofilter. Here, we used a reaction- transport model to assess the efficiency of the benthic methane filter and, thus, the potential for benthic methane escape across a wide range of environmental conditions that could be encountered on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. Results show that, under steady state conditions, anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) acts as an efficient biofilter. Yet, high CH4 escape is 10 simulated for rapidly accumulating and/or active sediments and can be further enhanced by the presence of organic matter with intermediate reactivity and/or intense local transport processes, such as bioirrigation.
    [Show full text]