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Cultural Tourism in Chanthaburi Province

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Cultural Tourism in Chanthaburi Province วารสารวิทยาลัยดุสิตธานี ปีที่ 12 ฉบับพิเศษ เดือนพฤษภาคม 2561 Cultural Tourism in Chanthaburi Province: A Model of Potential Development with Community Participation การท่องเที่ยวเชิงวัฒนธรรมของจังหวัดจันทบุรี : รูปแบบการพัฒนาศักยภาพ โดยการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชน Thanakorn Phibanrak, Faculty of Cultural Science, Mahasarakham University, E-mail: [email protected] ธนกร ภิบาลรักษ์ คณะวัฒนธรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม Kla Somtrakool Faculty of Cultural Science, Mahasarakham University, E-mail: [email protected] กล้า สมตระกูล คณะวัฒนธรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม Wisanee Siltrakool Faculty of Cultural Science, Mahasarakham University, E-mail: [email protected] วิศนี ศีลตระกูล คณะวัฒนธรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม Abstract The objectives of this research were to study the circumstances, types of cultural tourist attractions, problems, and model of potential development with community participation in Chanthaburi Province. A qualitative research methodology was employed in this study. The research sample was composed of 103 individuals, who were purposively selected and divided into three groups: key informants, casual informants and general informants. The research instruments used were in-depth interviews, participatory and non-participatory observations and focus group discussions. Data analysis was based on the research objectives and a triangulation method was used to check data accuracy. The results are presented descriptively. The research findings show that the circumstances of cultural tourism in Chanthaburi Province are divided into 3 aspects: 1) architectural ancient remains and traditions, 2) food, souvenirs, and accommodation, and 3) agricultural geography and handicrafts. The research areas were Mueang District (food sources, handicrafts and archaeological sites), Thamai District (geography การท่องเที่ยวเชิงวัฒนธรรมของจังหวัดจันทบุรี : รูปแบบการพัฒนาศักยภาพโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชน 203 Dusit Thani College Journal Vol. 12 Special Issue May 2018 and food), Laem Sing District (historical sites and souvenirs), Khao Khitchakut District (traditions and agriculture) and Na Yai Am District (natural and archaeological tourism locations). The limitations and problems of cultural tourist attractions in Chanthaburi Province were found as follows. In Muang District, the problems were non-existent tourism public relations, tourist information services and networks. Traffic congestion also occurred. In Thamai District, tourist attractions were dirty with no traffic signs and insufficient parking lots provided for the tourists. In Laem Sing District, the problems were no public relations for historical tourism and some roads leading to the tourist attractions were difficult to reach by cars. In Khao Khitchakut District, there was not enough accommodation for the tourists as well as problems with wild elephants and garbage issues. In Na Yai Am District, the problems were waste disposal management and unclear fixed opening hours of tourist attractions. In order to raise cultural tourism potential in Chanthaburi Province, efficient policy making and planning for the model of potential development with community participation should be created, so that the value added tourism can bring more income to the communities in Chanthaburi Province. In summary, because tourism has more impact on the context of society and culture, cultural tourism should involve community participation. Tourism could contribute a vast sum of money to Thailand year by year. However, tourism development based purely on increasing profits affects social and cultural systems. Therefore, an appropriate model for tourism development and planning should be considered for effective and sustainable tourism promotion. Keywords: Tourism, culture, Chanthaburi Province, potential development, community participation บทคัดย่อ การวิจัยนี้มีความมุ่งหมายเพื่อศึกษาสภาพและประเภทของแหล่งท่องเที่ยวเชิงวัฒนธรรม ศึกษาข้อจ ากัด ปัญหาของการท่องเที่ยวทางวัฒนธรรม และเพื่อศึกษารูปแบบการพัฒนาศักยภาพของแหล่งท่องเที่ยว เชิงวัฒนธรรมโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของขุมชนในจังหวัดจันทบุรี โดยใช้วิธีการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ ศึกษาคือ กลุ่มผู้ให้ข้อมูลหลัก กลุ่มผู้ปฏิบัติ และกลุ่มผู้เกี่ยวข้องรวมทั้งสิ้นจ านวน 103 คน ผู้วิจัยใช้วิธีการ คัดเลือกแบบเจาะจง (Purposive Sampling) เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ แบบสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก แบบ สังเกตแบบมีส่วนร่วม และไม่มีส่วนร่วม และการสนทนากลุ่ม วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลตามจุดมุ่งหมายของการวิจัย ตรวจสอบผลการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยวิธีการแบบสามเส้า และน าเสนอผลการศึกษาโดยวิธีวิเคราะห์เชิงพรรณา ผลการวิจัยพบว่า สภาพการณ์ของการท่องเที่ยวเชิงวัฒนธรรมจังหวัดจันทบุรี แบ่งออกได้เป็น 3 ด้าน ได้แก่ 204 Cultural Tourism in Chanthaburi Province: A Model of Potential Development with Community Participation วารสารวิทยาลัยดุสิตธานี ปีที่ 12 ฉบับพิเศษ เดือนพฤษภาคม 2561 1) ด้านสถาปัตยกรรมโบราณสถาน และประเพณี 2) ด้านอาหาร สินค้าที่ระลึก และที่พักอาศัย และ 3) ด้าน ภูมิศาสตร์การเกษตร และหัตถกรรม โดยศึกษาวิจัยวิจัยในเขต 1) อ าเภอเมือง ที่มีแหล่งอาหาร ศิลปหัตถกรรม และโบราณสถาน 2) อ าเภอท่าใหม่ มีศักยภาพด้านภูมิศาสตร์และอาหาร 3) อ าเภอแหลมสิงห์ มีศักยภาพ ด้านโบราณสถานและสินค้าที่ระลึก 4) อ าเภอเขาคิชฌกูฏ มีศักยภาพด้านประเพณี แหล่งท่องเที่ยว ทางธรรมชาติและที่พัก 5) อ าเภอนายายอาม ด้านแหล่งท่องเที่ยวทางธรรมชาติและพิพิธภัณฑ์ ข้อจ ากัด ปัญหาของการท่องเที่ยวทางวัฒนธรรมในอ าเภอเมืองจันทบุรีพบว่า มีปัญหาด้านการประชาสัมพันธ์ การให้ ความรู้แก่นักท่องเที่ยว หลายจุดที่เป็นแหล่งท่องเที่ยวของจังหวัดไม่มีการสร้างเครือข่ายหรือเชื่อมโยงข้อมูล ให้ถึงกัน และปัญหาด้านการจรจร อ าเภอท่าใหม่พบว่า ความไม่สะอาดของสถานที่ท่องเที่ยว การขาด การประชาสัมพันธ์ ป้ายบอกทางไม่เพียงพอ และปัญหาที่จอดรถของนักท่องเที่ยว อ าเภอแหลมสิงห์ พบว่า ขาดการประชาสัมพันธ์เรื่องของการท่องเที่ยวเชิงประวัติศาสตร์ บางสถานที่มีเส้นทางที่ค่อนข้างล าบาก ต่อการเดินทางโดยสารรถยนต์ อ าเภอเขาคิชฌกูฏ พบว่าสถานที่พักมีไม่เพียงพอต่อนักท่องเที่ยว ปัญหา ช้างป่าที่อาละวาดต่อนักท่องเที่ยว และปัญหาขยะที่มีจ านวนมาก อ าเภอนายายพบว่า ปัญหาเรื่องการ บริหารจัดการเรื่องสิ่งปฏิกูล และปัญหาการปิด เปิดสถานที่ท่องเที่ยวไม่มีก าหนดเวลาที่ชัดเจน และ รูปแบบการพัฒนาศักยภาพโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชน เพื่อการเพิ่มศักยภาพการท่องเที่ยวเชิงวัฒนธรรม ของจังหวัดจันทบุรี พบว่า ต้องด าเนินการก าหนดนโยบายและวางแผนรูปแบบการพัฒนาศักยภาพโดยการ มีส่วนร่วมของชุมชนให้มีคุณภาพ และสามารถสร้างมูลค่าเพิ่มก่อให้เกิดรายได้ให้กับคนในชุมชนจังหวัด จันทบุรี โดยสรุปการท่องเที่ยวเชิงวัฒนธรรม รูปแบบการพัฒนาศักยภาพโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชน ภายใต้ บริบทของสังคม และวัฒนธรรมที่เน้นการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชน เพราะปัจจุบันการท่องเที่ยวมีอิทธิพลต่อสังคม และวัฒนธรรมเป็นอย่างมาก ในแต่ละปีการท่องเที่ยวสามารถสร้างรายได้ให้กับประเทศไทยนับเป็นมูลค่า มหาศาล แต่ด้วยการพัฒนาด้านการท่องเที่ยวที่มุ่งหวังผลประโยชน์อย่างเดียว อาจเกิดผลกระทบต่อระบบ ของสังคมและวัฒนธรรม ดังนั้นการวางแผนที่จะพัฒนาด้านการท่องเที่ยวจึงต้องค านึงถึงรูปแบบที่ เหมาะสม เพื่อเป็นการส่งเสริมการท่องเที่ยวให้มีประสิทธิภาพและยั่งยืนสืบไป ค าส าคัญ : การท่องเที่ยว วัฒนธรรม จังหวัดจันทบุรี การพัฒนาศักยภาพ ส่วนร่วมของชุมชน Introduction The rich Thai culture and numerous historical sites across the country have huge appeal to visitors from other nations (Peleggi, 1996). For this reason, tourism is one of the leading industries in Thailand and generates huge income for the Thai people (Wongtada and Krairit, 2017). With this positive impact upon the economy comes increased local competition for business and it is important that the local cultural heritage does not suffer from the side-effects of development. การท่องเที่ยวเชิงวัฒนธรรมของจังหวัดจันทบุรี : รูปแบบการพัฒนาศักยภาพโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชน 205 Dusit Thani College Journal Vol. 12 Special Issue May 2018 The Tourism Authority of Thailand plays a big role in attracting foreign visitors to Thailand, yet the organisation has a second policy to increase the level of domestic tourism and reduce the drain of wealth from society caused by Thai nationals travelling abroad (Pearce and Thanksooks, 2016). These policies have led to the conservation and development of tourist attractions throughout the country, as well as the infrastructure to help the sites and towns cope with an increase in the number of visitors. Although Eastern Thailand is sometimes considered an extension of the central region of the country, the area is a beautiful and valuable tourist attraction in its own right. Eastern Thailand is home to historical sites, waterfalls, seas, mangrove forests and man-made tourist attractions. Some of the individual locations in the region have generated their own fame among the tourist community, such as the beach resorts of Pattaya and Bang Saen in Chonburi Province, which sees the greatest number of foreign and domestic visitors in the country. Much of the appeal of Eastern Thailand is due to its proximity to both Bangkok and Cambodia, which are easily accessible in a few hours travel. Chanthaburi Province is one of the lesser visited areas of Eastern Thailand and visitors usually pass through on their way to the Eastern islands of Koh Chang and Koh Kood. The province has a long history, which is reflected in the variety of ethnic groups that make up its population. Its current fame is in the production of gems and agriculture; however, the geography of the province is very similar to neighbouring areas that attract so many visitors. Consequently, there is huge potential for the development of tourism in Chanthaburi (Sankrusme, 2017). The current economic climate is not favourable for farmers and producers of gems in Chanthaburi Province. There are significant challenges facing exporters of goods produced within Thailand. Yet, studies of hotels, resorts, homestays and restaurants from 2011 to 2014 showed
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