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UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA The Pedagogy of Epistolarity: Writing to Read—Reading to Write by Judith M. van Manen A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy DEPARTMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Edmonton, Alberta Fall, 2007 University of Alberta Library Release Form Name of Author: Judith M. van Manen Title of Thesis: The Pedagogy of Epistolarity: Writing to Read—Reading to Write Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Year this Degree Granted: 2007 Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Library to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly, or scientific research purposes only. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis, except as hereinbefore provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may by printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatever without the author’s written permission. ___________________________________ 10439 -136 Street Edmonton, Alberta Canada T5N 2E7 Date: _____________________________ University of Alberta Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research The undersigned certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research for acceptance, a thesis entitled The Pedagogy of Epistolarity: Writing to Read—Reading to Write submitted by Judith M. van Manen in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________________________ Dr. Margaret Iveson, Supervisor _________________________________ Dr. David G. Smith _________________________________ Dr. Joyce M. Bainbridge _________________________________ Dr. Randy Wimmer _________________________________ Dr. Trevor Gambell, External Examiner Date: August 27, 2007 ABSTRACT The present research explores how adolescents develop and redefine their identities through writing about their literary experiences with novels in a reader response program called Reading Room. The empirical data of this study consist of selections from 12 years of penbook letters (nearly one thousand penbooks) written by grade 8 and 9 junior high school students since 1990. Students wrote multiple entries about each of the books they read. Student reflections on their literary experiences took the epistolary form (letters)—most addressed to the teacher. The teacher not only read the penbook letters but also responded to each in writing. Thus, the main pedagogical challenge for the teacher was, first, how to interpret the student writings in terms of their linguistic, developmental, and personalistic features, and second, how to respond to these writings. The study starts by exploring the different senses of place that the students experience in the Reading Room, as well as a curricular overview of the Reading Room program and the various dimensions of the epistolarity of writing about reading. Literary theory defines the scholarly domain that orients to the interpretation of literary sources. It has become an umbrella term for the approaches and philosophies of reading texts. So, in order to gain a measure of the relation between a literary theory of reading and the experience of writing, the works of Peter J. Rabinowitz, Joseph A. Appleyard, and Martha Nussbaum are examined with the objective to draw out the connections to writing, meaning and identity. Next, four interpretive perspectives are presented and applied to selected student penbook letters: discourse analysis, (auto)biography and narrativity, hermeneutics, and critical theory. These interpretive perspectives are tested with the purpose of providing teachers with understandings that could be translated into thoughtful responses to the students’ penbook letters. Finally these insights are brought to bear on the pedagogy of epistolatory writing about reading. It is shown how such pedagogical understanding of the students’ learning and personal growth enables the teacher to tactfully encourage and offer support when and where needed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my sincere thanks to Professor Margaret Iveson for her undaunting support, and encouragement on all aspects of my study, to Professor Joyce Bainbridge for her very careful reading and revision comments on early drafts of my thesis, to Professor David Smith for his thoughtful remarks on my work, to Professor Randy Wimmer for reading my work with such care and also joining my examination committee late in the process, and to Professor Trevor Gambell for serving as my external examiner, reading my thesis, and asking probing questions at the oral examination. I also wish to acknowledge Professor Dennis Sumara, my first advisor who provided excellent feedback in the early stages of my work. To my husband Max van Manen I thank him for his loving support and constant reminders that my work was worthy. Without his insistence to revise my early drafts, I doubt whether the study would have been completed. Finally, to all of my students for their generous sharing of their penbook letters. - 1 -1 Contents CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1 Personal Background..........................................................................................1 Being read to ...................................................................................................1 Books...............................................................................................................2 Families of books.............................................................................................3 The library........................................................................................................4 Teaching..............................................................................................................5 Background to the Study.....................................................................................6 The Dissertation Research Question ................................................................11 Research Methodology .....................................................................................12 CHAPTER TWO SPACES IN THE PLACE OF READING ROOM..................................................15 The Physical Space of Reading Room..............................................................17 The Inner Space of Reading Room...................................................................18 The Social Space of Reading Room .................................................................21 The Space of the Virtual Text............................................................................24 The Pedagogical Space of Reading Room .......................................................25 Overlapping Spaces..........................................................................................26 Student letter .................................................................................................29 Parent letter...................................................................................................31 Setting up the Program .....................................................................................33 Rules for Reading Room periods ..................................................................33 Letter Content Suggestions...........................................................................35 Penbook log...................................................................................................36 Author............................................................................................................36 Penbook letters..............................................................................................36 Reading Room goals and evaluation ............................................................38 Conclusion.........................................................................................................39 CHAPTER THREE THE EPISTOLARITY OF WRITING ABOUT READING ......................................40 The Exchange Dimension .................................................................................41 The Mediatory Dimension .................................................................................44 The Time Dimension .........................................................................................46 Conclusion.........................................................................................................48 CHAPTER FOUR LITERARY THEORY: READING AND WRITING ...............................................49 Exploring Conceptions of Reading, Writing, Meaning, and Identity ..................49 Rabinowitz’s Before Reading ........................................................................49 Appleyard’s Becoming a Reader...................................................................56 Nussbaum’s Poetic Justice............................................................................62 Conclusion.........................................................................................................70 1 - 2 -2 CHAPTER FIVE INTERPRETIVE PERSPECTIVES........................................................................73 Discourse Analysis: Inquiring into Understanding Writing about Reading ........74 Discourse analysis as inquiry ........................................................................74 Discourse analysis