Basics of Spanish Language and Culture-1
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BSL-001 Basics of Spanish Language And Culture-1 IGNOU School of Foreign Languages Indira Gandhi National Open University Programme Design Committee Sonya Surabhi Gupta Elena Goberna Hidalgo Professor, CELAS, JMI Former Spanish Faculty, Instituto Cervantes, New Delhi. Minni Sawhney Professor, GRS, DU Edith Aurrecoechea Montenegro Former Spanish Faculty, Instituto S. P. Ganguly Cervantes, New Delhi. Former Professor, CSPILAS, SLL&CS, JNU Mala Shikha Anil Dhingra Assistant Professor of Spanish, Former Professor, CSPILAS, SLL&CS, JNU SOL, Doon University Pedro Badenas Arias Gin Muan Thang Former Spanish Faculty, Instituto Cervantes, Assistant Professor of Spanish, EFLU, New Delhi Shillong Campus, Meghalaya. Sergio Bermejo Alonso Sushant Kumar Mishra Spanish Faculty, Instituto Cervantes, Former Director, i/c, SOFL, IGNOU New Delhi. Vikash Kumar Singh Eva Mónica Calvo Ruíz Assistant Professor of Spanish, Former Spanish Faculty, Instituto Cervantes, School of Foreign Languages, IGNOU New Delhi Course Writing Team Vikash Kumar Singh Rosalía Pérez González (Units 2,3,4,12 & Glossary English-Spanish) (Units 13-16) Amparo Rodrigo Matéu Elena Goberna Hidalgo (Units 5-8) (Unit 1) Edith Aurrecoechea Montenegro (Units 9-11) Editing Vikash Kumar Singh Programme Coordinator Vikash Kumar Singh, Assistant Professor of Spanish, SOFL, IGNOU, New Delhi. Print Production C. N. Pandey Section Officer (Publication) IGNOU, New Delhi August, 2019 © Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2019. ISBN:978-93-89499-28-5 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open University. Some images, unless specified, are from Pixabay (http://pixabay.com) and Wikimedia Commons (http://creativecommons.org), and are used for educational purposes. IGNOUFurther information on the IGNOU courses may be obtained from the University’s office at Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 or the official website of IGNOU at www.ignou.ac.in Printed and published on behalf of IGNOU, New Delhi by Director, School of Foreign Languages, IGNOU, New Delhi. Cover page and illustrations: ADA Graphics Laser typeset: Tessa Media &Computers, C-206, A.F.E.-II, ShaheenBagh, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi Printed at: _________ Contents BSL-001 Introduction 4 Block 1 Hola, ¿qué tal? 5 Unit 1 Saludos y presentaciones 7 Unit2 Nacionalidades y profesiones 22 Unit3 La escuela 37 Unit4 La oficina 55 Block 2 Familia y el entorno 65 Unit5 La familia y parentesco 67 Unit6 Descripción de personas 79 Unit7 Amigos y compañeros 97 Unit8 La casa 111 Block 3 Acciones cotidianas 123 Unit 9 La hora 125 Unit10 El clima 140 Unit11 La vida rutinaria 151 Unit12 El tiempo libre 164 Block 4 Mirada sobre el mundo hispano –I 177 Unit 13 El español en el mundo 179 Unit14 Los ritmos 189 Unit15 El arte 199 Unit16 Las fiestas 208 Trancripts (audio tracks) 217 Glossary(English-Spanish)IGNOU233 INTRODUCTION This book corresponds to the first course “Basics of Spanish Language and Culture-I” [BSL-001]. This self-learning instructional material aims to help you to develop your ability to understand Spanish related to day-to-day situations. It aims to provide the learners with the knowledge to communicate effectively in a Spanish- speaking environment. This course containsUnits 1-16 of BSL-001 and is divided into four blocks. At the beginning of each unit an overview is provided to outline the main topics and key learning points. It’s bilingual approach (Spanish and English) will help the learners in carrying out the learning activities in an efficient manner. All four language skills are worked on in all units.You will find useful the grammatical and cultural notes given on various aspects of Spanish language.Your learning will be supported throughout the book by means of glossary and solutions at the end of each unit for self-evaluation exercises. By doing the exercises you will be able to reflect on whether you have actually understood the content or whether you still need to work on certain topics. After unit 16, the transcriptions of the oral texts are provided. We have also included a supplementary English-Spanish Glossary at the end of the book. You can download the e-content and the audio tracks from the IGNOU e-content App or through eGyanKosh section of the university’s website. You should try to work through each unit of this book in a systematic and progressive manner starting with block 1. You should move to the next block only after you have finished the previous block. On completing these 16 units, you will have achieved A1.1 level of language proficiency in Spanish which constitutes a sound basis to move on to the next course BSL-002 “Basics of Spanish Language and Culture-II” (ele India 2). Remember that the study material, your motivation to learn and your learning strategies are the key factors in your learning process. So, keep up your motivation and don’t forget to spread your learning time uniformly over the entire course period keeping in mind your learning abilities. You can discuss your learning strategies with your tutor during the contact classes. We wish you Happy Learning and Success! IGNOU Block 1 Hola, ¿qué tal? Unit 1 Saludos y Presentaciones 7 Unit 2 Nacionalidades y Profesiones 22 Unit 3 La escuela 37 Unit 4 La oficina 55 IGNOU Hola, ¿qué tal? IGNOU 6 Saludos y Presentaciones UNIDAD 1 SALUDOS Y PRESENTACIONES 1.1 Introducción 1.2 Objetivos 1.3 Saludos 1.3.1 El alfabeto 1.3.2 Letras y ejemplos 1.3.3 Sonidos especiales 1.4 Nombres y apellidos 1.5 Presentaciones 1.5.1 Presentaciones informales 1.5.2 Presentaciones formales 1.6 Despedidas 1.7 Resumen 1.8 Glosario 1.9 Soluciones 1.1 INTRODUCCIÓN (INTRODUCTION) Dear learner, the first thing you have to learn in a new language is how to greet someone (to say hello, good morning, good afternoon, good evening, etc.), how to introduce yourself (first name, family name) and how to ask for someone’s name when you meet a new person. You also need to be able to spell your name and be familiar with pronunciation and spelling. Names and words in different languages and cultures can be very different, so spelling and understanding how to write the sounds you hear is very helpful. 1.2 OBJETIVOS (OBJECTIVES) In this unidad, you will learn to : • say basic greetings (both formal and informal); • introduce yourself to others; • introduce someone to a third person; • write what you hear (the alphabet); and • spell Spanish words. 1.3 SALUDOS (GREETINGS) In Spanish, like inIGNOU other languages, there are formal and informal greetings. The most common greeting is the informal hola (hello), but in formal situations (in public places, when you talk to older people or in any other situation when you want to show respect, social distance, etc.) you may use buenos días (good morning), buenas tardes (good afternoon/good evening, usually after lunch, around 1.30 - 2pm, 7 Hola, ¿qué tal? up until 8 pm) and buenas noches (good evening/good night: we use this after dinner time, which is usually around 9 pm, late at night or before you go to sleep). In Spanish, people do not use greetings exactly like in English, because in every culture people have different timings to do things (waking up, eating lunch or dinner, going to sleep, etc.) and even different views of what a formal or an informal situation is. Look at the pictures and see some examples of situations when you may use hola or Buenos días/buenas tardes/buenas noches. [Track 1] Listen to the greetings.. SITUACIÓN 1 SITUACIÓN 2 SITUACIÓN 3 SITUACIÓN 4 ACTIVIDAD 1 Now, choose and write what greeting you would use in every situation, depending on the picture: IGNOUA. B. 8 Saludos y Presentaciones C. D. Sometimes, we add a question to our greetig: ¿qué tal? (how is it going), ¿cómo estás? (how are you, informal) or ¿cómo está? (how are you, formal). Sometimes it is only rhetorical, for example when we cross an acquaintance on the street (we do not need to answer), but if we want to make conversation with the person we may answer bien (well) or muy bien (very well) and ask them back ¿y tú? (and you, informal) or ¿y usted? (and you, formal). The answer to this second question can be gracias (thank you) or muchas gracias (thank you very much). Example: INFORMAL SITUATION - Hola, ¿qué tal? - Muy bien, ¿y tú? - Bien, gracias. FORMAL SITUATION - Buenos días, ¿cómo está? - Bien, ¿y usted? - Muy bien, gracias. ACTIVIDAD 2 Fill the dialogues with the appropriate words. Then check the answer on the key solution. 1) (Two friends) – Hola, María, ¿_______________? – Muy ___________, ¿y __________? – ___________,IGNOU gracias. 2) (A shopkeeper and a customer) – Buenos ___________, ¿cómo ____________? – _________ bien, ¿______ usted? – Bien, ____________. 9 Hola, ¿qué tal? 1.3.1 El alfabeto (The alphabet) The Spanish alphabet has 27 letters. All of them exist in the English alphabet, except for one: “ñ”, which is specific to Spanish only. The letter “ñ” sounds similar to “ni” in the English word “onion”. However, even if the written alphabet is almost the same, the sounds in Spanish and English are very different. Spanish is a very easy language to write and read, because most letters in Spanish have only one possible sound (you write exactly what you hear and vice versa). This is very helpful: when you listen to a new word, you will be able to easily write it and look it up in a dictionary, or when you read a new word you can easily pronounce it, even if you don’t know the meaning! 1.3.2 Letras y ejemplos (Letters and examples) This is the Spanish alphabet.