Interaction of Grid Characteristics with Design and Performance of Nuclear Power Plants a Guidebook
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Part 1: Study on Eco-Innovation Putting the EU on the Path to a Resource and Energy Efficient Economy
Policy Department Economic and Scientific Policy Eco-innovation - putting the EU on the path to a resource and energy efficient economy Study and briefing notes IP/A/ITRE/ST/2008-06 & 14 JANUARY 2004 PE 416.218 This study was requested by the European Parliament's committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). Only published in English. Authors: Part 1: Study on Eco-innovation putting the EU on the path to a resource and energy efficient economy Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, Energy Prof. Dr. Raimund Bleischwitz (Coordination and lead chapter 4), Bettina Bahn-Walkowiak, Dr. Wolfgang Irrek, Dr. Phillip Schepelmann Factor 10 Institute Prof. Dr. Friedrich Schmidt-Bleek (Lead Chapter 5) SERI Nachhaltigkeitsforschung und Kommunikations GmbH Dr. Stefan Giljum (Lead Chapter 2), Stephan Lutter, Lisa Bohunovski, Dr. Friedrich Hinterberger UNEP/Wuppertal Institute Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production gGmbH (CSCP) Elizabeth Hawkins, Michael Kuhndt (Lead Chapter 3), Dr. Nadine Pratt Part 2: Briefing notes of the Eco-Innovation Workshop of 12 November 2008 Arnold Black - Resource Efficiency Knowledge Transfer Network, UK Challenges, Drivers and Barriers to Eco-Innovation a UK context Geert van der Veen - Technopolis, the Netherland Public policies for Eco-innovation: focus on The Netherlands Birgit Eggl - Forseo, Germany Funding Eco-Innovation Administrator: Ms. Camilla Bursi Policy Department Economy and Science DG Internal Policies European Parliament Rue Wiertz 60 - ATR 00L008 B-1047 Brussels Tel: +32-2-283 22 33 Fax: +32-2-284 69 29 E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in March 2009. The opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. -
Operating Instructions MOVITRAC® LTP-B, 21270996
Drive Technology \ Drive Automation \ System Integration \ Services *21270996_0115* Operating Instructions MOVITRAC® LTP-B Edition 01/2015 21270996/EN SEW-EURODRIVE—Driving the world Contents Contents 1 General information .................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 About this documentation ............................................................................................... 7 1.2 Structure of the safety notes .......................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 Meaning of signal words ................................................................................. 7 1.2.2 Structure of section-related safety notes ........................................................ 7 1.2.3 Structure of embedded safety notes............................................................... 7 1.3 Rights to claim under limited warranty ........................................................................... 8 1.4 Content of the documentation ........................................................................................ 8 1.5 Exclusion of liability ........................................................................................................ 8 1.6 Product names and trademarks ..................................................................................... 8 1.7 Copyright notice ............................................................................................................. 8 2 Safety -
Advantages of Applying Large-Scale Energy Storage for Load-Generation Balancing
energies Article Advantages of Applying Large-Scale Energy Storage for Load-Generation Balancing Dawid Chudy * and Adam Le´sniak Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Str. 18/22, PL 90-924 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The continuous development of energy storage (ES) technologies and their wider utiliza- tion in modern power systems are becoming more and more visible. ES is used for a variety of applications ranging from price arbitrage, voltage and frequency regulation, reserves provision, black-starting and renewable energy sources (RESs), supporting load-generation balancing. The cost of ES technologies remains high; nevertheless, future decreases are expected. As the most profitable and technically effective solutions are continuously sought, this article presents the results of the analyses which through the created unit commitment and dispatch optimization model examines the use of ES as support for load-generation balancing. The performed simulations based on various scenarios show a possibility to reduce the number of starting-up centrally dispatched generating units (CDGUs) required to satisfy the electricity demand, which results in the facilitation of load-generation balancing for transmission system operators (TSOs). The barriers that should be encountered to improving the proposed use of ES were also identified. The presented solution may be suitable for further development of renewables and, in light of strict climate and energy policies, may lead to lower utilization of large-scale power generating units required to maintain proper operation of power systems. Citation: Chudy, D.; Le´sniak,A. Keywords: load-generation balancing; large-scale energy storage; power system services modeling; Advantages of Applying Large-Scale power system operation; power system optimization Energy Storage for Load-Generation Balancing. -
Bioenergy's Role in Balancing the Electricity Grid and Providing Storage Options – an EU Perspective
Bioenergy's role in balancing the electricity grid and providing storage options – an EU perspective Front cover information panel IEA Bioenergy: Task 41P6: 2017: 01 Bioenergy's role in balancing the electricity grid and providing storage options – an EU perspective Antti Arasto, David Chiaramonti, Juha Kiviluoma, Eric van den Heuvel, Lars Waldheim, Kyriakos Maniatis, Kai Sipilä Copyright © 2017 IEA Bioenergy. All rights Reserved Published by IEA Bioenergy IEA Bioenergy, also known as the Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) for a Programme of Research, Development and Demonstration on Bioenergy, functions within a Framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of IEA Bioenergy do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of its individual Member countries. Foreword The global energy supply system is currently in transition from one that relies on polluting and depleting inputs to a system that relies on non-polluting and non-depleting inputs that are dominantly abundant and intermittent. Optimising the stability and cost-effectiveness of such a future system requires seamless integration and control of various energy inputs. The role of energy supply management is therefore expected to increase in the future to ensure that customers will continue to receive the desired quality of energy at the required time. The COP21 Paris Agreement gives momentum to renewables. The IPCC has reported that with current GHG emissions it will take 5 years before the carbon budget is used for +1,5C and 20 years for +2C. The IEA has recently published the Medium- Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2016, launched on 25.10.2016 in Singapore. -
Hydroelectric Power -- What Is It? It=S a Form of Energy … a Renewable Resource
INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric Power -- what is it? It=s a form of energy … a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric powerplants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other powerplants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water … winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of powerplants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate. Reclamation=s 58 powerplants throughout the Western United States produce an average of 42 billion kWh (kilowatt-hours) per year, enough to meet the residential needs of more than 14 million people. -
An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation
energies Article An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation Ana Fernández-Guillamón 1,† , Guillermo Martínez-Lucas 2,*,† and Ángel Molina-García 1,† and Jose Ignacio Sarasua 2,† 1 Department of Automatics, Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; [email protected] (A.F.-G.); [email protected] (Á.M.-G.) 2 Department of Hydraulic, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-91-067-43-33 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 28 June 2020; Published: 1 July 2020 Abstract: The lack of synchronous inertia, associated with the relevant penetration of variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) into isolated power systems, has increased their vulnerability to strong frequency deviations. In fact, the activation of load shedding schemes is a common practice when an incident occurs, i.e., the outage of a conventional unit. Under this framework, wind power plants should actively contribute to frequency stability and grid reliability. However, the contribution of VSWTs to frequency regulation involves several drawbacks related to their efficiency and equipment wear due to electrical power requirements, rotational speed changes, and subsequently, shaft torque oscillations. As a result, wind energy producers are not usually willing to offer such frequency regulation. In this paper, a new control technique is proposed to optimize the frequency response of wind power plants after a power imbalanced situation. The proposed frequency controller depends on different power system parameters through a linear regression to determine the contribution of wind power plants for each imbalance condition. -
24Th OCC Meeting Agenda
MP POWER TRANSMISSION COMPANY LIMITED STATE LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE, NAYAGAON, JABALPUR 482 008 Phone 0761-2702748 website: www.sldcmpindia.com Fax 0761-2664343 No.07-05/SG-9B-II/ Jabalpur, dated 22-06-2011 To As per distribution list Sub: Agenda of 24th meeting of Operation and Coordination Committee of MP. Please find enclosed herewith the Agenda of 24th meeting of the Operation and Coordination Committee of MP scheduled on 25th June 2011 at 11.00 AM at Banquet Hall, Board Room, Shakti Bhawan Jabalpur. The agenda of the meeting is also available on the website of SLDC ‘www.sldcmpindia.com’. It is also requested to please forward the information required for the meeting and the additional agenda points for inclusion, if any, to SLDC Jabalpur, so that the same could be included in the agenda for discussion in the meeting. ( P.A.R. Bende) Member Secretary, OCC S.E.(LD-OPN), SLDC MPPTCL, Jabalpur Encl : As above. \ Distibution List The Chief Engineer (T&C), The Superintending Engineer (DCC-WZ), MP Power Transmission Co. Limited, DISCOM Control Centre, MP Paschim Jabalpur. Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Co. Limited, Near Polo Ground, Jail Road, Indore. The Executive Director (T&P), The Executive Engineer (DCC-EZ), MP Power Transmission Co. Limited, DISCOM Control Centre, MP Poorva Jabalpur. Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Co. Limited, Jabalpur. The Executive Director (Plg & PS), The General Manger (LM), MP Power Transmission Co. Limited, DISCOM Control Centre, MP Madhya Jabalpur Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Co. Limited, Bhopal. The Executive Director (O&M:Gen.), The Chief Engineer (PM&C), MP Power Generating Co. -
Minnesota Energy Systems, a Primer Developed for the Clean Energy Resource Teams
Minnesota Energy Systems, A Primer Developed for the Clean Energy Resource Teams The Minnesota Project University of Minnesota’s Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships. March 2004 Communities and Local Energy Minnesota Energy Systems, A Primer Communities and Local Energy ENERGY SYSTEMS IN MINNESOTA This booklet provides CERTS members with a general overview of the systems that deliver the energy that runs our economy, keeps us warm, and provides necessities and conveniences of modern life. The energy system is divided into four end use sectors: residential, commercial, industrial and transportation. End use of energy refers to the point where energy is consumed to provide some benefit or service, such as light or heat. Basic energy resources are referred to a primary energy sources. Primary energy sources include resources like Figure 1. Energy End Use in coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear fuels, flowing water, Minnesota, 1999 wind, and solar radiation. Minnesota’s total energy use in the four end use sectors was approximately 1,700 trillion Btus in 2000. Industry and transportation are the largest end use sectors in the state. They each use somewhat more than one-third of the energy consumed in Minnesota. The remaining one- forth to one-third of energy consumption is divided between the residential and commercial sectors-with the residential sector taking a little larger share. Source: Minnesota Department of Commerce Fossil fuels Figure 2. Inputs Used to Produce dominate the market for primary energy sources in Energy Consumed in Minnesota, 1999 Minnesota. Petroleum, coal and natural gas supply about 88% of the energy used in Minnesota. -
Economics of Power Generation Prepared by the Legislative Finance Committee July 2017 Understanding Electric Power Generation
Economics of Power Generation Prepared by the Legislative Finance Committee July 2017 Understanding Electric Power Generation Following the Great Recession, electricity demand in the United States contracted, and energy efficiency improvements in buildings, lighting, and appliances stunted its recovery. Globally, a slowdown in Chinese coal demand depressed coal prices worldwide and reduced the market for U.S. exports, and coal demand in emerging markets is unlikely to make up for the slowdown in Chinese coal consumption. According to Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy (CGEP), over half of the decline in coal company revenue between 2011 and 2015 is due to international factors.i Given current technological constraints, electricity cannot be stored on a large scale at a reasonable cost. Therefore, entities operating the transmission grid must keep supply and demand matched in “real-time” – from minute to minute. Imbalances in supply and demand can destroy machinery, cause power outages, and become very costly over time. The need to continually balance supply and demand plays a key role in how electricity generation sources are dispatched. In the 1980s, electricity supply was relatively straightforward, with less flexible coal and nuclear plants supplying base load power needs, and more flexible gas turbines and hydroelectric plants supplying peak load power needs. Developments over the last decade challenged this traditional mix of power generation. Natural gas, wind, and solar now meet 40 percent of U.S. power needs, up from 22 percent a decade ago. Early July 2017, The Wall Street Journal reported three of every 10 coal generators has closed permanently in the last five years. -
505HT for Francis/Kaplan Turbines 8200-1402, 8200-1403
Released Product Manual 35117 (Revision -, 11/2019) Original Instructions 505HT for Francis/Kaplan Turbines 8200-1402, 8200-1403 Installation and Operation Manual Released Read this entire manual and all other publications pertaining to the work to be performed before installing, operating, or servicing this equipment. Practice all plant and safety instructions and precautions. General Failure to follow instructions can cause personal injury and/or property damage. Precautions This publication may have been revised or updated since this copy was produced. To verify that you have the latest revision, check manual 26455 , Customer Publication Cross Reference and Revision Status & Distribution Restrictions , on the publications page of the Woodward website: Revisions http://www.woodward.com/ The latest version of most publications is available on the publications page . If your publication is not there, please contact your customer service representative to get the latest copy. Any unauthorized modifications to or use of this equipment outside its specified mechanical, electrical, or other operating limits may cause personal injury and/or property damage, including damage to the equipment. Any such unauthorized modifications: (i) constitute "misuse" and/or "negligence" within the meaning of Proper Use the product warranty thereby excluding warranty coverage for any resulting damage, and (ii) invalidate product certifications or listings. If the cover of this publication states "Translation of the Original Instructions" please note: The original source of this publication may have been updated since this Translated translation was made. Be sure to check manual 26455 , Customer Publication Publications Cross Reference and Revision Status & Distribution Restrictions , to verify whether this translation is up to date. -
HYDROELECTRICITY FACT SHEET 1 an Overview of Hydroelectricity in Australia
HYDROELECTRICITY FACT SHEET 1 An overview of hydroelectricity in Australia About hydroelectricity in Australia → In 2011, hydroelectric plants produced a total of 67 per cent of Australia’s total clean energy generation1, enough energy to power the equivalent of 2.8 million average Australian homes. → Australia’s 124 operating hydro power plants generated 6.5 per cent of Australia’s annual electricity supply in 20112. → The Australian hydro power industry has already attracted over one billion dollars of investment to further develop Australian hydro power projects3. → Opportunities for further growth in the hydro power industry are principally in developing mini hydro plants or refurbishing, upgrading and modernising Australia’s current fleet. The Clean Energy Council’s most recent hydro report provides an overview of the industry and highlights opportunities for further growth. Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Minister Greg Combet stated: “This is a welcome report and highlights the importance of iconic Australian power generation projects such as the Snowy Mountains Scheme and Tasmanian hydro power. This report reminds us of the importance of the 20 per cent Renewable Energy Target, and the need for a carbon price to provide certainty to investors. Reinvestment in ageing hydro power assets will form an important part of the future energy market and efforts to reduce carbon pollution.” Source: Hydro Tasmania Hydro Source: 1 Clean Energy Council Clean Energy Australia Report 2011 pg. 28) 3 ibid 2 Clean Energy Council Hydro Sector Report 2010 pg 14 The Clean Energy Council is the peak body representing Australia’s clean energy sector. It is an industry association made up of more than 550 member companies operating in the fields of renewable energy and energy efficiency. -
Policy and Regulatory Environment for Utility-Scale Energy Storage: India Amy Rose, Claire Wayner, Sam Koebrich, David Palchak, and Mohit Joshi
Policy and Regulatory Environment for Utility-Scale Energy Storage: India Amy Rose, Claire Wayner, Sam Koebrich, David Palchak, and Mohit Joshi National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-6A20-78101 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC December 2020 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Policy and Regulatory Environment for Utility-Scale Energy Storage: India Amy Rose, Claire Wayner, Sam Koebrich, David Palchak, and Mohit Joshi National Renewable Energy Laboratory Suggested Citation Rose, Amy, Claire Wayner, Sam Koebrich, David Palchak, and Mohit Joshi. 2020. Policy and Regulatory Environment for Utility-Scale Energy Storage: India. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-78101. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/78101.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-6A20-78101 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC December 2020 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by U.S.