DOCSLIB.ORG

U.S. Electric Company Investment and Innovation in Energy Storage Leading the Way U.S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
U.S. Electric Company Investment and Innovation in Energy Storage Leading the Way U.S June 2021 Leading the Way U.S. Electric Company Investment and Innovation in Energy Storage Leading the Way U.S. ELECTRIC COMPANY INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION IN ENERGY STORAGE Table of Contents CASE STUDIES CenterPoint Energy (In alphabetical order by holding company) 14 Solar Plus Storage Project AES Corporation Consolidated Edison Company of New York AES Indiana 15 Commercial Battery Storage 1 Harding Street Station Battery (Beyond Behind-the-Meter) Energy Storage System 16 Gateway Center Mall Battery 17 Ozone Park Battery Alliant Energy Dominion Energy 2 Decorah Energy Storage Project 3 Marshalltown Solar Garden and Storage 18 Bath County Pumped Storage Station 4 Sauk City Microgrid 5 Storage System Solar Demonstration Project DTE Energy 6 Wellman Battery Storage 19 EV Fast Charging-Plus-Storage Pilot Ameren Corporation Duke Energy Ameren Illinois 20 Rock Hill Community 9 MW Battery System 7 Thebes Battery Project 21 Camp Atterbury Microgrid 22 Nabb Battery Site Avangrid New York State Electric & Gas Edison International 8 Aggregated Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage Southern California Edison 9 Distribution Circuit Deployed Battery 23 Alamitos Energy Storage Storage System Pilot Project 24 Ice Bear 25 John S. Eastwood Pumped Storage Plant Rochester Gas & Electric Corporation 26 Mira Loma Substation Battery Storage Project 10 Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging & Battery Storage System Green Mountain Power 11 Peak Shaving Pilot Project 27 Essex Solar and Storage Microgrid 28 Ferrisburgh Solar and Storage Microgrid Berkshire Hathaway Energy 29 Milton Solar and Storage Microgrid MidAmerican Energy Company Hawaiian Electric Companies 12 Knoxville Battery Energy Storage System 30 Schofield Hawaii Public Purpose Microgrid PacifiCorp – Rocky Mountain Power 13 Soleil Lofts Virtual Power Plant i Leading the Way U.S. ELECTRIC COMPANY INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION IN ENERGY STORAGE Liberty Utilities Georgia Power Company California 42 Georgia Power Smart Neighborhood 31 Sagehen Microgrid 43 Tech Square Microgrid New Hampshire Unitil Corporation 32 Tesla Powerwall 2 Pilot Program 44 Virtual Power Plant Pilot Project National Grid 33 Pulaski, New York Battery Storage System NextEra Energy Florida Power & Light Company 34 Wynwood Energy Storage PPL Corporation LG&E and KU Energy 35 E.W. Brown Generating Station Energy Storage Research and Demonstration Site Public Service Enterprise Group Public Service Electric & Gas Company 36 Highland Park Landfill Solar Storage System Sempra Energy San Diego Gas & Electric 37 El Cajon Battery Storage Project 38 GRC Energy Storage Program 39 Ramona Air Attack Base 40 Vanadium Redox Battery Storage Pilot Project Southern Company Alabama Power Company 41 Energy Storage Research Center ii Leading the Way U.S. ELECTRIC COMPANY INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION IN ENERGY STORAGE Introduction The Edison Electric Institute’s member companies - America’s investor- owned electric companies - are leading a clean energy transformation across the country, and they are committed to getting the energy they provide as clean as they can as fast as they can, without compromising on the reliability and affordability that customers value. Energy storage has a critical role to play in this transformation, and the 44 case studies in this compilation offer a glimpse into how EEI’s member companies are utilizing a variety of energy storage technologies and ownership structures to deploy energy storage systems in innovative ways that benefit customers and the energy grid. These projects are integrating renewable energy resources, improving system reliability by providing grid stability services, reducing transmission constraints, helping to manage peak demand, and meeting the unique needs of individual customers. Electric companies own and operate many different types of energy storage technologies, including pumped-hydropower, batteries, thermal, compressed air, and flywheels. While pumped hydropower represents approximately 86 percent of installed storage capacity in the United States, battery storage is a key driver of this market today. Investment in advanced energy storage is growing rapidly, with battery storage capacity quintupling between 2015 and 2020, expanding from 517 megawatts (MW) to 2,578 MW. The scalability of storage technologies enables developers to meet the unique requirements of each project, from a massive battery system designed to help manage peak demand to a behind-the-meter solution designed to meet the needs of a single customer. Electric companies are critical partners for advancing a robust, sustainable energy storage industry given their unique ability to maximize the value of energy storage for the benefit of all customers. At the same time, the role of customers and other third parties also continues to grow, prompting the diversification of ownership and business models. While laws and regu- lations vary by state, electric companies are responsible for distribution system reliability and therefore they should be able to own, procure, and operate energy storage as a tool to help deliver clean, reliable, resilient, safe, and affordable electricity to customers. iii Leading the Way U.S. ELECTRIC COMPANY INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION IN ENERGY STORAGE Electric Company Storage Projects by Use Case and Business Model T or D Energy Energy Upgrade Customer Storage Storage Business Model Wholesale Market Services (Bulk and Ancillary) or Services Technology Location Deferral Harmonics, InertiaHarmonics, Response Black Start, Power Quality/ Grid AssetGrid Optimization Frequency Regulation Frequency Emergency BackupEmergency Variable Resources Resources Variable Microgrid SupportMicrogrid Reserve Capacity Spinning ReserveSpinning Energy Arbitrage Energy Voltage Support Voltage Load ShiftingLoad Table shows Integration Operator primary and Owner secondary use cases associated with documented storage projects AES Corporation AES Indiana: Harding Street Battery: Electric Electric Station Battery Transmission Lithium-ion Company Company O Energy Storage System Alliant Energy Decorah Energy Battery: Third Electric Distribution Storage Project Lithium-ion party Company O O O O Marshalltown Battery: Electric Electric Solar Garden Distribution Lithium-ion Company Company O O and Storage Battery: Sauk City Lithium Electric Electric Remote Microgrid Project Ferro Company Company O O Phosphate Storage System Solar Battery: Customer- Electric Electric Demonstration Lithium-ion sited Company Company O O O Project Wellman Battery Battery: Electric Electric Distribution Storage Lithium-ion Company Company O O O Ameren Corporation Ameren Illinois: Battery: Electric Electric Thebes Battery Distribution Lithium-ion Company Company O O Project iv Leading the Way U.S. ELECTRIC COMPANY INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION IN ENERGY STORAGE T or D Energy Energy Upgrade Customer Storage Storage Business Model Wholesale Market Services (Bulk and Ancillary) or Services Technology Location Deferral Harmonics, InertiaHarmonics, Response Black Start, Power Quality/ Grid AssetGrid Optimization Frequency Regulation Frequency Emergency BackupEmergency Variable Resources Resources Variable Microgrid SupportMicrogrid Reserve Capacity Spinning ReserveSpinning Energy Arbitrage Energy Voltage Support Voltage Load ShiftingLoad Table shows Integration Operator primary and Owner secondary use cases associated with documented storage projects Avangrid Customer- New York State sited, Electric & Gas: Battery: aggregated Electric Electric Aggregated Lithium-ion to operate at Company Company O O O Behind-the- distribution Meter Storage level New York State Electric & Gas: Distribution Battery: Electric Electric Distribution Circuit Deployed Lithium-ion Company Company O O O O Battery Storage System Pilot Rochester Gas & Electric: Integrated EV Battery: Customer- Electric Electric Charging & Lithium-ion sited Company Company O Battery Storage System Rochester Gas & Electric: Battery: Electric Electric Distribution Peak Shaving Lithium-ion Company Company O O O Pilot Project Berkshire Hathaway Energy MidAmerican Battery: Energy Company: Lithium Electric Electric Knoxville Distribution Ferro Company Company O O O Battery Energy Phosphate Storage System Pacificorp – Battery: Rocky Mountain Lithium Customer- Electric Third Power: Soleil Ferro sited Company party O O O O O Lofts Virtual Phosphate Power Plant CenterPoint Energy Solar Plus Battery: Electric Electric Distribution Storage Project Lithium-ion Company Company O O O O v Leading the Way U.S. ELECTRIC COMPANY INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION IN ENERGY STORAGE T or D Energy Energy Upgrade Customer Storage Storage Business Model Wholesale Market Services (Bulk and Ancillary) or Services Technology Location Deferral Harmonics, InertiaHarmonics, Response Black Start, Power Quality/ Grid AssetGrid Optimization Frequency Regulation Frequency Emergency BackupEmergency Variable Resources Resources Variable Microgrid SupportMicrogrid Reserve Capacity Spinning ReserveSpinning Energy Arbitrage Energy Voltage Support Voltage Load ShiftingLoad Table shows Integration Operator primary and Owner secondary use cases associated with documented storage projects Consolidated Edison Company of New York Commercial Customer- Battery Storage Battery: Third Third sited, front- (Beyond Behind- Lithium-ion party party O O O of-the-meter the-Meter) Customer- Gateway Center Battery: Third Third sited, front- Mall Battery Lithium-ion party party O O of-the-meter Ozone Park Battery: Electric Electric Distribution Battery Lithium-ion Company Company O
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2018 Nebraska Power Association Load and Capability Report
    2018 NEBRASKA POWER ASSOCIATION LOAD AND CAPABILITY REPORT August 2018 1 2 2018 Nebraska Power Association Load and Capability Report Executive Summary In summary, based on existing and committed resources, the statewide deficit occurs after 2037 for the Minimum Obligation as shown in Exhibit 1. The “Minimum Obligation” line is the statewide obligation based on the 50/50 forecast (normal weather) and the minimum 12% reserve margin of the Southwest Power Pool (SPP) Reserve Sharing Pool. The statewide deficit for the Minimum Obligation in the 2017 report showed a State deficit occurring after 2036. Exhibit 2 is the corresponding load and capability data in tabular format. Introduction This report is the Nebraska Power Association (NPA) annual load and capability report, as per Item 3 in the statute below. It provides the sum of Nebraska’s utilities peak demand forecasts and resources over a 20-year period (2018-2037). State Statute (70-1025) Requirement 70-1025. Power supply plan; contents; filing; annual report.(1) The representative organization shall file with the board a coordinated long-range power supply plan containing the following information:(a) The identification of all electric generation plants operating or authorized for construction within the state that have a rated capacity of at least twenty-five thousand kilowatts;(b) The identification of all transmission lines located or authorized for construction within the state that have a rated capacity of at least two hundred thirty kilovolts; and(c) The identification of all
    [Show full text]
  • Tesla Powerwall 2 Battery Storage POWERWALL 2 - AC
    tesla powerwall 2 battery storage POWERWALL 2 - AC Tesla Powerwall 2 is the second generation Powerwall from Tesla. It is a fully-integrated AC battery system designed for residential and light commercial use. With rechargeable lithium-ion battery technology, Powerwall provides energy storage for increased solar self- consumption, load shifting and backup functionality. Solahart Tesla Powerwall Certified Installers offer a customised solar-plus-battery solution that enables you to access the free, abundant power of the sun and reduces your reliance on fossil fuels. With Powerwall you can store solar energy generated during the day for use anytime. During the day, the sun shines on your solar panels, charging your battery. At night, your home draws electricity from your battery, CAPTURES AND powering your home with clean and sustainable energy. STORES EXCESS SOLAR ENERGY for use at night how you benefit Solar self consumption Backup power lower your energy bills less grid reliance Powerwall stores solar energy Protect your home Access the free, abundant Combine solar and during the day for use at night. from a power outage power of the sun with Powerwall to power your with solar power and Powerwall and solar panels home with less reliance Powerwall. and lower your energy bills by from the grid. using more of your own solar generation. Technical Data MODEL Powerwall 2 - ac Performance Specifications AC Voltage (Nominal) 230 V Feed-in type Single phase Grid frequency 50 Hz Total energy(1) 14 kWh Usable energy(1) 13.5 kWh Real power, Max continuous
    [Show full text]
  • Ancillary Services Technical Requirements for 2020/21 – 2024/25
    SYSTEM OPERATOR Ancillary Services Technical Requirements for 2020/21 – 2024/25 REFERENCE NO. : 342-466 Prepared by: Ike Tshwagong, Marathon Ntusi, Vaughan Smith TITLE REFERENCE REV Ancillary Services Technical Requirements for 342-466 1 2020/21 – 2024/25 PAGE 2 OF 27 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 5 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 5 3. RESERVES .................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 INSTANTANEOUS RESERVE ................................................................................................ 6 3.2.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 6 3.2.2 Technical Requirements ........................................................................................ 6 3.3 REGULATING RESERVE ....................................................................................................... 8 3.3.1 Description ............................................................................................................. 8 3.3.2 Technical Requirements ........................................................................................ 8
    [Show full text]
  • Advantages of Applying Large-Scale Energy Storage for Load-Generation Balancing
    energies Article Advantages of Applying Large-Scale Energy Storage for Load-Generation Balancing Dawid Chudy * and Adam Le´sniak Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Str. 18/22, PL 90-924 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The continuous development of energy storage (ES) technologies and their wider utiliza- tion in modern power systems are becoming more and more visible. ES is used for a variety of applications ranging from price arbitrage, voltage and frequency regulation, reserves provision, black-starting and renewable energy sources (RESs), supporting load-generation balancing. The cost of ES technologies remains high; nevertheless, future decreases are expected. As the most profitable and technically effective solutions are continuously sought, this article presents the results of the analyses which through the created unit commitment and dispatch optimization model examines the use of ES as support for load-generation balancing. The performed simulations based on various scenarios show a possibility to reduce the number of starting-up centrally dispatched generating units (CDGUs) required to satisfy the electricity demand, which results in the facilitation of load-generation balancing for transmission system operators (TSOs). The barriers that should be encountered to improving the proposed use of ES were also identified. The presented solution may be suitable for further development of renewables and, in light of strict climate and energy policies, may lead to lower utilization of large-scale power generating units required to maintain proper operation of power systems. Citation: Chudy, D.; Le´sniak,A. Keywords: load-generation balancing; large-scale energy storage; power system services modeling; Advantages of Applying Large-Scale power system operation; power system optimization Energy Storage for Load-Generation Balancing.
    [Show full text]
  • NRS 058: Cost of Supply Methodology
    NRS 058(Int):2000 First edition reconfirmed Interim Rationalized User Specification COST OF SUPPLY METHODOLOGY FOR APPLICATION IN THE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION INDUSTRY Preferred requirements for applications in the Electricity Distribution Industry N R S NRS 058(Int):2000 2 This Rationalized User Specification is issued by the NRS Project on behalf of the User Group given in the foreword and is not a standard as contemplated in the Standards Act, 1993 (Act 29 of 1993). Rationalized user specifications allow user organizations to define the performance and quality requirements of relevant equipment. Rationalized user specifications may, after a certain application period, be introduced as national standards. Amendments issued since publication Amdt No . Date Text affected Correspondence to be directed to Printed copies obtainable from South African Bureau of Standards South African Bureau of Standards (Electrotechnical Standards) Private Bag X191 Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Pretoria 0001 Telephone: (012) 428-7911 Fax: (012) 344-1568 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.sabs.co.za COPYRIGHT RESERVED Printed on behalf of the NRS Project in the Republic of South Africa by the South African Bureau of Standards 1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, Pretoria 1 NRS 058(Int):2000 Contents Page Foreword ................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Cogeneration in Large Industrial Projects
    COGENERATION USE OF COGENERATION IN LARGE INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS (RECENT ADVANCES IN COGENERATION?) PRESENTER: JIM LONEY, PE [email protected] 281-295-7606 COGENERATION • WHAT IS COGENERATION? • Simultaneous generation of electricity and useful thermal energy (steam in most cases) • WHY COGENERATION? • Cogeneration is more efficient • Rankine Cycle – about 40% efficiency • Combined Cycle – about 60% efficiency • Cogeneration – about 87% efficiency • Why doesn’t everyone use only cogeneration? COGENERATION By Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung - https://www.flickr.com/photos/boellstiftung/38359636032, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=79343425 COGENERATION GENERATION SYSTEM LOSSES • Rankine Cycle – about 40% efficiency • Steam turbine cycle using fossil fuel • Most of the heat loss is from the STG exhaust • Some heat losses via boiler flue gas • Simple Cycle Gas Turbine– about 40% efficiency • The heat loss is from the gas turbine exhaust • Combined Cycle – about 60% efficiency • Recover the heat from the gas turbine exhaust and run a Rankine cycle • Cogeneration – about 87% efficiency COGENERATION • What is the problem with cogeneration? • Reality Strikes • In order to get to 87% efficiency, the heating load has to closely match the thermal energy left over from the generation of electricity. • Utility electricity demand typically follows a nocturnal/diurnal sine pattern • Steam heating loads follow a summer/winter cycle • With industrial users, electrical and heating loads are typically more stable COGENERATION • What factors determine if cogeneration makes sense? • ECONOMICS! • Not just the economics of the cogeneration unit, but the impact on the entire facility. • Fuel cost • Electricity cost, including stand-by charges • Operational flexibility including turndown ability • Reliability impacts • Possibly the largest influence • If the cogeneration unit has an outage then this may (will?) bring the entire facility down.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioenergy's Role in Balancing the Electricity Grid and Providing Storage Options – an EU Perspective
    Bioenergy's role in balancing the electricity grid and providing storage options – an EU perspective Front cover information panel IEA Bioenergy: Task 41P6: 2017: 01 Bioenergy's role in balancing the electricity grid and providing storage options – an EU perspective Antti Arasto, David Chiaramonti, Juha Kiviluoma, Eric van den Heuvel, Lars Waldheim, Kyriakos Maniatis, Kai Sipilä Copyright © 2017 IEA Bioenergy. All rights Reserved Published by IEA Bioenergy IEA Bioenergy, also known as the Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) for a Programme of Research, Development and Demonstration on Bioenergy, functions within a Framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of IEA Bioenergy do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of its individual Member countries. Foreword The global energy supply system is currently in transition from one that relies on polluting and depleting inputs to a system that relies on non-polluting and non-depleting inputs that are dominantly abundant and intermittent. Optimising the stability and cost-effectiveness of such a future system requires seamless integration and control of various energy inputs. The role of energy supply management is therefore expected to increase in the future to ensure that customers will continue to receive the desired quality of energy at the required time. The COP21 Paris Agreement gives momentum to renewables. The IPCC has reported that with current GHG emissions it will take 5 years before the carbon budget is used for +1,5C and 20 years for +2C. The IEA has recently published the Medium- Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2016, launched on 25.10.2016 in Singapore.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Grid Failure
    Power grid failure Presentation by: Sourabh Kothari Department of Electrical Engineering, CDSE Introduction • A power grid is an interconnected network of transmission lines for supplying electricity from power suppliers to consumers. Any disruptions in the network causes power outages. India has five regional grids that carry electricity from power plants to respective states in the country. • Electric power is normally generated at 11-25kV and then stepped-up to 400kV, 220kV or 132kV for high voltage lines through long distances and deliver the power into a common power pool called the grid. • The grid is connected to load centers (cities) through a sub- transmission network of normally 33kV lines which terminate into a 33kV (or 66kV) substation, where the voltage is stepped-down to 11kV for power distribution through a distribution network at 11kV and lower. • The 3 distinct operation of a power grid are:- 1. Power generation 2. Power transmission 3. Power distribution. Structure of Grids Operations of Power grids • Electricity generation - Generating plants are located near a source of water, and away from heavily populated areas , are large and electric power generated is stepped up to a higher voltage-at which it connects to the transmission network. • Electric power transmission - The transmission network will move the power long distances–often across state lines, and sometimes across international boundaries, until it reaches its wholesale customer. • Electricity distribution - Upon arrival at the substation, the power will be stepped down in voltage—to a distribution level voltage. As it exits the substation, it enters the distribution wiring. Finally, upon arrival at the service location, the power is stepped down again from the distribution voltage to the required service voltage.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Tesla's Powerwall
    batteries Article Economics of Residential Photovoltaic Battery Systems in Germany: The Case of Tesla’s Powerwall Cong Nam Truong *, Maik Naumann, Ralph Ch. Karl, Marcus Müller, Andreas Jossen and Holger C. Hesse Institute for Electrical Energy Storage Technology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (M.N.); [email protected] (R.C.K.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (A.J.); [email protected] (H.C.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-89-289-26963; Fax: +49-89-289-26968 Academic Editor: Maciej Swierczynski Received: 8 February 2016; Accepted: 26 April 2016; Published: 11 May 2016 Abstract: Residential photovoltaic (PV) battery systems increase households’ electricity self-consumption using rooftop PV systems and thus reduce the electricity bill. High investment costs of battery systems, however, prevent positive financial returns for most present residential battery installations in Germany. Tesla Motors, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA, USA) announced a novel battery system—the Powerwall—for only about 25% of the current German average market price. According to Tesla’s CEO Elon Musk, Germany is one of the key markets for their product. He has, however, not given numbers to support his statement. In this paper, we analyze the economic benefit of the Powerwall for end-users with respect to various influencing parameters: electricity price, aging characteristics of the batteries, topology of battery system coupling, subsidy schemes, and retrofitting of existing PV systems. Simulations show that three key-factors strongly influence economics: the price gap between electricity price and remuneration rate, the battery system’s investment cost, and the usable battery capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • AES Indiana Organizational Chart & Job Descriptions
    OVERVIEW OF THE AES CORPORATION PARENT OF INDIANAPOLIS POWER & LIGHT COMPANY (DBA AES INDIANA) PRESIDENT & CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Chief Chief President Human Resources & General Counsel Financial Operating AES US Internal Communications Officer Officer AES Corporation Operating Units Chief Commercial US Utilities Renewable Operating Officer Operations Energy Physical & AES Indiana AES Ohio Cyber Security This is a partial, functional organization chart of the AES Corporation. It is not a corporate entity chart. Additionally there are other groups that are not shown because they are not involved in merchant power functions, transmission operations, or reliability functions in the United States. Revised: June 25, 2021 Lisa Krueger Exec. VP AES US USS Kristina Lund President AES US Utilities USS Aaron Cooper John Arose Mike Shruba Chief Commercial Officer Generation Complex Leader Vice President US Utilities Indiana T&D Operations USS USS David Jackson Michael L. Holtsclaw Roderick Conwell Director Director Director Regulated Operations Transmission & Distributions Transmission & Distribution USS Operations Engineering Note: USS – Employee of US Services, LLC This is a partial organization chart. There are other groups that report to the President and Vice Presidents that are not shown because they are not involved in merchant power functions, transmission operations, or reliability. Revised: June 25, 2021 AES Indiana Executive Vice President AES US – Responsible for overseeing the operation of all regulated and non-regulated activities in the US President, US Utilities – Responsible for overseeing the operations of the US utilities and the support organizations in Indiana and Ohio. Vice President, Indiana T&D Operations – Responsible for directing the operations related to AES Indiana’s transmission and distribution systems Director, T&D Operations – Responsible for operation and maintenance of the AES Indiana transmission and distribution systems and the associated control centers.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydroelectric Power -- What Is It? It=S a Form of Energy … a Renewable Resource
    INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric Power -- what is it? It=s a form of energy … a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric powerplants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other powerplants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water … winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of powerplants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate. Reclamation=s 58 powerplants throughout the Western United States produce an average of 42 billion kWh (kilowatt-hours) per year, enough to meet the residential needs of more than 14 million people.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota Energy Systems, a Primer Developed for the Clean Energy Resource Teams
    Minnesota Energy Systems, A Primer Developed for the Clean Energy Resource Teams The Minnesota Project University of Minnesota’s Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships. March 2004 Communities and Local Energy Minnesota Energy Systems, A Primer Communities and Local Energy ENERGY SYSTEMS IN MINNESOTA This booklet provides CERTS members with a general overview of the systems that deliver the energy that runs our economy, keeps us warm, and provides necessities and conveniences of modern life. The energy system is divided into four end use sectors: residential, commercial, industrial and transportation. End use of energy refers to the point where energy is consumed to provide some benefit or service, such as light or heat. Basic energy resources are referred to a primary energy sources. Primary energy sources include resources like Figure 1. Energy End Use in coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear fuels, flowing water, Minnesota, 1999 wind, and solar radiation. Minnesota’s total energy use in the four end use sectors was approximately 1,700 trillion Btus in 2000. Industry and transportation are the largest end use sectors in the state. They each use somewhat more than one-third of the energy consumed in Minnesota. The remaining one- forth to one-third of energy consumption is divided between the residential and commercial sectors-with the residential sector taking a little larger share. Source: Minnesota Department of Commerce Fossil fuels Figure 2. Inputs Used to Produce dominate the market for primary energy sources in Energy Consumed in Minnesota, 1999 Minnesota. Petroleum, coal and natural gas supply about 88% of the energy used in Minnesota.
    [Show full text]