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Coexistence of Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus in Jinghong City

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Coexistence of Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus in Jinghong City Tropica of l D l is a e rn a u s e o s J Guo et al., J Trop Dis 2016, 4:5 Journal of Tropical Diseases DOI: 10.4172/2329-891X.1000227 ISSN: 2329-891X Research Article Open Access Coexistence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province: A Survey of Aedes aegypti Invasion Yu-Hong Guoa#, Sheng-Jie Laib,c,d#, Qiang Huange#, Dong-Sheng Rena, Jian-Hong Zoue, Qi-Yong Liua, Huai-qing Zhangf a WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China b Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early–warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China c WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK d School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China e Jinghong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinghong City 666100, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, China f The People's Bank of China, Beijing 100800, China *Corresponding author: Qi-Yong Liu, Department of Vector Biology and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, PI for Disease Vectors, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, China CDC, and Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing-102206, China, Fax: +86 1058900739. E-mail: [email protected] # These authors have contributed equally. Received date: December 04, 2016; Accepted date: December 16, 2016; Published date: December 21, 2016 Copyright:© 2016 Guo YH, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract We conducted this study to confirm that Aedes aegypti has invaded and colonized in Xishuangbanna, Yunan province, China. And we conducted a larval survey for dengue mosquito vectors, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, to assess on possible competition for breeding sites between these both species in urban environment in Jinghong city. The study was carried out at least once a month in February and March, November and December, and three times for each month from April to October in 2014 in five communities in the municipality of Jinghong city. No less than 50 houses were surveyed each time in one place. We collected immature stages of mosquitoes from all types of breeding sites in houses and their premises. Morphological species identification was carried for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Both species occurred in all surveyed areas. Aedes aegypti has occupied a considerable composition (67.75%) since the uncertain time of its first invasion to Jinghong city. Aedes aegypti was predominant species indoor (74.19%), but also presented in surrounding environment (25.81%); while Ae. albopictus favored the outdoor environment (54.55%) as well as in houses (45.45%). We gave the preference water containers (tires) for dengue vectors, described different distribution in different investigated places, and showed with monthly variance by indices of BI and CI. We gave our rational explanation for the variance with raining in this area; Aedes keep a high density value during the rainy season. For both dengue vectors, the possibility cannot be excluded that the invasion of Ae. aegypti in the city might lead to a decrease or elimination of Ae. albopictus in houses and dwellings. Furthermore, we also found that both dengue vectors have already occupied the breeding sites in houses and their premises with water container in Jinghong city, and both should be managed during dengue epidemic season. These findings from this study are relevant for dengue vector control programs. Keywords: Breeding; Morphological; Species; Identification; aegypti and Ae. albopictus), given the impressive dispersal abilities, are Ecological; Vector likely to spread into actual distributional shifts at eastern China, but no occurrence data were available included eastern China. Also, it was [6] Introduction described that the global distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus without distribution of Ae. aegypti in China. Thus, there are no records Dengue outbreaks have occurred frequently in Xishuangbanna, for the distribution of Ae. aegypti in Jinghong City until the current Yunnan province during recent years, since the first serious dengue study. We conceived our study in 2013, with the intention to determine outbreak in 2013 [1]. According to previous studies [2,3], the the dengue vector species composition, and the breeding habitat distribution of Aedes aegypti in China is only limited in some areas in preference in these areas. We hypothesized that most vectors Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. For the first time, it was reproduced in all types of container breeding sites in houses and [4] elaborated that the distribution of Ae. aegypti in Dehong Dai- peridomestic areas, this consideration prompted us to explore our Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. According to surveillance on houses and it’s vicinities in Jinghong city. The result will previous studies [1], it was reported that Ae. aegypti was detected for be used for vector control programs which will focus on elimination or the first time in Xishuangbanna, and we found the two important treating the key breeding sites for dengue vectors to reduce their dengue vectors, Ae. Aegypti and Ae. Albopictus co-exist in Jinghong density below a target threshold and prevent dengue outbreaks. The city, while we carried out the vector management during the dengue results will guide us for targeted treatment. outbreak in 2013. Although it was [5] revealed that dengue vectors (Ae. J Trop Dis, an open access journal Volume 4 • Issue 5 • 1000227 ISSN: 2329-891X Citation: Guo YH, Lai SH, Huange Q, Rena DS, et al. (2016) Coexistence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province: A Survey of Aedes aegypti Invasion. J Trop Dis 4: 227. doi:10.4172/2329-891X.1000227 Page 2 of 6 Materials and Methods all water filled containers present in and around the houses and their premises in studied areas. The data on larval collections were recorded Study sites: Our study was conducted in five localities, which were in the pre-designed and pre-tested survey forms. Each water container the east (Gaozhuang), south (Manlongkuang), west (Damanme), north with larvae was moved to a bottle marked with a label consistent with (Tiancheng), and center (Nakunkang) of Jinghong city (Figure 1). The the record. five localities possess typical ecological characteristics of Jinghong city and locate at different regions with relatively abundant water From February to March, and from November to December, we containers, concentrated population distribution, good traffic surveyed at least once a month. From April to October, we surveyed 3 conditions for commercial trade. The five localities were randomly times a month, 7-15 days intervals between two surveyed works. No selected with the intention to represent the overall situation of less than 50 houses and peridomestic sites were surveyed in each site Jinghong City. each time. Laboratory evaluation: Every bottle with collected larvae labeled was taken to the laboratory. We randomly dipped 5-10 larvae on a slide for species identify by the taxonomic key [2,7]. Then Aedes species was recorded in the pre-designed survey forms. From February to May, we recorded the total Aedes number (for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). From June to December, we identified species for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus separately and recorded. Statistical analysis: The data on larval collections were analysed and different indices like container index (CI) [8] and breteau index (BI) [4] were calculated. CI is the composition of positive containers with larvae of Aedes by all water containers. BI is the larva index of Aedes density, which means the number of positive containers when checking one hundred houses. Container preference of Aedes larval breeding was also assessed by calculation of breeding preference ratio. The differences in breeding found indoor and outdoor were tested for significance by different species. The distribution of both species in different clusters was tested by SPSS. The seasonal variation of the water quantity in 100 households (WH), BI and CI were analyzed. Monthly changes were described and analyzed with influencing factors. Figure 1: The location of Jinghong city and study sites. Results During our survey in Jinghong city in 2014, we made a total of 6609 Mosquito survey: A door to door cross-sectional entomological houses and peridomestic survey records in the 5 clusters. In total survey was carried out in houses and peridomestic areas to detect 12391 water holding containers were identified, of which 1161 (9.37%) Aedes larval breeding. The larval collections were made in each locality had Aedes mosquito breeding, the CI was 9.37 and the BI was 17.57 in by using dipping and pipetting methods, to find out Aedes breeding in annual average value. Site BI CI Houses Containers Containers+ (%) Alb+ (%) Aeg+ (%) Both+ (%) D 13.67 10 1266 1697 173 (10.19) 75 (43.35) 79 (45.66) 9 (5.20) G 25.89 13 1240 2388 321 (13.44) 24 (7.48) 215 (66.98) 14 (4.36) M 23.81 15 1285 2096 306 (14.60) 173 (56.54) 94 (30.72) 20 (6.54) N 5.52 5 1341 1351 74 (5.48) 20 (27.03) 41 (55.41) 7 (9.46) T 19.43 6 1477 4859 287 (5.91) 16 (5.57) 218 (75.96) 13 (4.53) Total 17.57 9 6609 12391 1161 (9.37) 308 (26.53) 647 (55.73) 63 (5.43) Note: D: Damanme; G: Gaozhuang; M: Manlongkuang; N: Nakunkang; T: Tiancheng.
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