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Revision Du Genre Patella (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

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Revision Du Genre Patella (Mollusca, Gastropoda) BULLETIN DU MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE 3e série , n ° 182, septembre­octobre 1973 , Zoologie 12 1 Revision du genre Patella (Mollusca, Gastropoda) par Josep h CHRISTIAEN S * Abstract. — T o mak e th e revisio n o f th e genu s Patella sens u lato , revisio n base d o n shell ­ and radul a characters , a larg e bibliograph y ha s bee n compile d an d th e mos t important Europea n collections visited . Fiv e subgener a [Patella, Patellastra, Ancistromesus, Cymbula, Laevipatella) are establishe d i n functio n o f th e dispositio n o f the radulateet h an d th e for m o f th e pluricuspid ­ teeth. Th e section s ar e base d o n shel l character s (Olana) , geographica l rang e (Patellanax , Pene ­ patella) bu t mainl y o n the developmen t o f the centra l toot h (Patella , Scutellastra , Ancistromesus , Eliana, Patellidea , Cymbul a an d Patellona) . Th e priorit y o f nam e o f eac h specie s i s discusse d and som e ne w name s ha d t o b e proposed . Th e principa l varietie s an d a lis t o f all synonym s ar e given. Fro m th e initiall y 24 0 name s an d more , th e numbe r o f vali d specie s ha s bee n reduce d to 32. Zusammenfassung. — De r Verfasse r gib t ein e vollständig e Revisio n de r Gattun g Patella sensu lato . Di e ganz e Synonymi e wir d gegebe n un d vo n meh r al s 24 0 Patella-Namen sin d nu r 32 al s Ar t übriggeblieben . Di e Varietäte n un d Subspezie s sin d gan z kur z beschrieben , un d vo n vielen Arte n is t di e Radul a untersuch t worden . Di e Gattun g wir d au f Grun d de r Positio n de r Zwischenplatte de r Radul a un d de r Hakenzahl de r äußerste n Nebenplatten i n 5 Subgenera (Patella, Patellastra, Ancistromesus, Cymbula, Laevipatella) geteilt . Di e Sektione n (Patella , Scutellastra , Eliana, Patellidea, Olana , Patellon a un d di e bishe r al s gesondert e Gener a betrachete n Patellana x und Penepatella ) werde n au f Grun d de r Radulamittelplatte , de r Muschelschal e oder der geographis ­ chen Verbreitun g aufgestellt . SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION 130 7 CLASSIFICATION 130 8 GENRE Patella Linné , 175 8 131 0 I. — Sous­genr e Patella s . s 131 2 A — Sectio n Patell a s . s 131 2 1. Patella (Patella) vulgata Linné , 175 8 131 3 2. Patella (Patella) intermedia Murray , 185 7 131 8 3. Patella (Patella) caerulea Linné , 175 8 132 1 4. Patella (Patella) candei d'Orbigny , 184 0 132 3 5. Patella (Patella) lugubris Gmelin , 179 1 132 7 6. Patella (Patella) ulyssiponensis Gmelin , 179 1 132 9 B — Sectio n Scutellastr a Adam s H . e t A. , 185 4 133 2 7. Patella (Patella) ferruginea Gmelin , 179 1 133 3 II. — Sous­genr e Patellastra Monterosato , 188 4 133 6 * Correspondant du Muséum, Belgique (Hasselt). Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, 55, rue de Bufjon, 75005 Paris. 182, 1 1306 JOSEPH CHRISTIAEN S 8. Patella (Patellastra) rustica Linné , 175 8 133 0 9. Patella (Patellastra) piperata Gould , 184 6 133 8 III. — Sous­genr e Ancistromesus Dali , 187 0 133 9 A — Sectio n Ancistromesu s s . s 134 0 10. Patella (Ancistromesus) mexicana Brod . e t Sow. , 182 9 134 0 11. Patella (Ancistromesus) pica Reeve , 185 4 134 0 B — Sectio n Eliana , nov . sec t 134 3 12. Patella (Ancistromesus) fischeri nom . no v 134 3 C — Sectio n Patellide a Thiele , 189 1 134 4 13. Patella (Ancistromesus) granulans Linné , 175 8 134 4 14. Patella (Ancistromesus) nigrosquamosa Dunker , 184 6 134 6 15. Patella (Ancistromesus) moreli Deshayes , 186 3 134 6 16. Patella (Ancistromesus) argenvillei Krauss , 184 8 134 7 17. Patella (Ancistromesus) longicosta Lamarck , 181 9 134 9 18. Patella (Ancistromesus) barbara Linné , 175 8 135 0 19. Patella (Ancistromesus) tabularis Krauss , 184 8 135 1 D — Sectio n Olan a Adam s H . e t A. , 185 4 135 2 20. Patella (Ancistromesus) cochlear Born , 177 8 135 3 E — Sectio n Patellana x Iredale , 192 4 135 3 21. Patella (Ancistromesus) peronii Blainville , 182 5 135 4 22. Patella (Ancistromesus) chapmani Teniso n Woods , 187 6 135 5 23. Patella (Ancistromesus) neglecta Gray , 182 7 135 6 F — Sectio n Penepatella Iredale , 192 9 135 7 24. Patella (Ancistromesus) stellaeformis Reeve , 184 2 135 7 25. Patella (Ancistromesus) kermadecensis Pilsbry , 189 4 136 0 IV. — Sous­genr e Cymbula Adam s H . e t A. , 185 4 136 1 A — Sectio n Cymbul a s . s 136 2 26. Patella (Cymbula) compressa Linné , 175 8 136 2 27. Patella (Cymbula) miniata Born , 177 8 136 3 28. Patella (Cymbula) depsta Reeve , 185 5 136 4 B — Sectio n Patellon a Thiele , 189 1 136 6 29. Patella (Cymbula) granatina Linné , 175 8 136 6 30. Patella (Cymbula) oculushirci (D a Costa , 1771 ) 136 7 V. — bous­genr e Laevipatella Pallary , 192 0 136 8 31. Patella (Laevipatella) nigra (D a Costa , 1771 ) 136 8 32. Patella (Laevipatella) cyanea Lesson , 183 0 137 1 INDEX SYSTÉMATIQU E 137 3 RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE S 138 3 RÉVISION D U GENR E PATELL A 1307 INTRODUCTION Depuis l a grand e monographi e d e PILSBRY , 1891 , su r le s Patellace a (Mollusca , Gas­ tropoda) e t le s publications d e THIELE, 189 1 et 1931 , nos connaissances de s patelles euro ­ péennes e t sud­africaine s s e sont fortemen t enrichie s grâc e ŕ différent s auteurs , principale ­ ment FISCHER­PIETT E e t GAILLAR D (1959 ) e t KOC H (1949) . Toutes le s contribution s récentes , y compri s le s ouvrages de s dernier s auteur s cités , parlent pe u de la nomenclatur e de s espčces e t de la systématique d u genr e Patella, c e qui fait qu e le livre d e PILSBRY, écri t i l y a plus de 80 ans, constitue parfoi s l a référence l a plu s récente e t la plu s complčte . Notr e bu t est de combler un peu cette lacun e e t d e revoir le genre Patella a u poin t d e vue systématique , nomenclature , exame n conchyliologiqu e e t étude radulaire . Bie n qu'il reste , aprč s plusieur s année s d'étude , beaucou p de points d'inter ­ rogation e t d'espčce s inaccessibles , nou s croyon s le moment ven u d e fair e l e point. Nou s espérons qu e notr e contributio n stimuler a e t faciliter a l a tâch e d'autre s chercheur s qui , pour la détermination de s sous­genres, sections et espčces de ce groupe difficile et polymorphe, emploieront d'autres caractčre s spécifique s aussi valables que les nôtres, comm e par exemple l'écologie, l'anatomie , l a microstructur e etc . Pour ętr e auss i bre f qu e possible, nous nou s limiteron s dan s l a parti e bibliographiqu e ŕ mentionne r pou r chaqu e espčc e le s synonymes e t référence s fondamentau x puisé s dan s notre fichier d e Patellacea qu i contient prč s d e 1500 référence s d'ouvrages . Dan s l a parti e descriptive, nou s donneron s un e descriptio n sommair e ave c autan t qu e possible le s prin ­ cipales variété s ains i qu e les rapports B/L, H/L et R/L oů B, H, L désignen t respecti ­ vement l a largeur, l a hauteur e t la longueu r d e la coquill e et R la longueur d e la radula . Pour illustre r le s rapports B/L nous rappelon s qu e dans un e ove on a B/L = 0,77 5 ave c un rappor t d u petit a u grand rayo n éga l ŕ 0,58. Dan s un e ellipse, oů par définition le s deux rayons son t égaux , l e rappor t B/L varie e n fonctio n d e l'excentricit é ( = rappor t entr e distance de s foyers ŕ l a longueu r d e la coquille). Pou r un e excentricité null e (cercle) , d'un quart o u un demi , o n a respectivement B/L = 1,00 , 0,97 et 0,86. Pour l'exame n radulair e nou s avon s pri s u n peti t morcea u d e radula ŕ un tier s d e la longueur, o ů les dents son t bie n formée s e t non usées. L'observatio n d e la radul a s e fai t dans un e coupelle d'eau d e javel oů, aprčs u n séjour plu s o u moins prolongé , les dents laté ­ rales s e détachent d u ruban radulaire . L'observatio n de s dents unicuspidée s es t plu s aisé e et moin s arbitrair e qu e celle de s pluricuspidées, puisqu e ce s derničres peuven t dan s l e fond du récipien t prendr e plusieur s positions .
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