DOCSLIB.ORG

Internet & Connectivity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cover.qxp 6/9/2008 8:34 AM Page 1 Photovoltaic Power Generation p. 22 • Coil Gun Launcher Project p. 38 • The “32-Bit Gate Crasher” p. 80 w w w . c i r c u i t c e l l a r . c o m CIRCUITTHE MAGAZINE FOR COMPUTER CELLAR APPLICATIONS #216 July 2008 INTERNET & CONNECTIVITY A Design For Delivering Targeted Web Site Content Do-It-Yourself Internet-Based Timekeeping Create A Modbus Slave For Data Intercommunication Decode & Transmit Magnetic Card Data Sound Effects Processing Made Easy Advanced Analog Design Techniques Electric Motor Theory Explained 07> 7925274 75349 $4.95 U.S. ($5.95 Canada) C2.qxp 3/3/2008 11:16 AM Page 1 SERIAL TO ETHERNET SOLUTIONS Simple Ethernet connectivity for serial devices Works out of the box - no programming is required Device P/N: SB70-100CR Customize to suit any Kit P/N: NNDK-SB70-KIT application with low-cost $69 SB70 development kit 2-port serial-to-Ethernet server Features: Qty. 100 with TTL support 10/100 Ethernet TCP/UDP mode DHCP/Static IP Support Data rates up to 921.6kbps Web-based configuration Need a custom solution? NetBurner Serial to Ethernet Development Kits are available Device P/N: SB72-EX-100CR to customize any aspect of Kit P/N: NNDK-SB72EX-KIT operation including web pages, data filtering, or custom network SB72EX $139 applications. All kits include 2-port serial-to-Ethernet server platform hardware, ANSI C/C++ Qty. 100 with RS-232 & RS-485/422 support compiler,TCP/IP stack, web server, e-mail protocols, RTOS, flash file system, Eclipse IDE, debugger, cables and power supply. Device P/N: PK70EX-232CR Information and Sales | [email protected] Kit P/N: NNDK-PK70EX232-KIT Web | www.netburner.com $269 PK70EX232 Telephone | 1-800-695-6828 4-port serial-to-Ethernet server Qty. 100 with RS-232 support 1.qxp 4/10/2008 12:50 PM Page 1 35.?AD?%$PDF !- 56-57.qxp 7/2/2007 10:52 AM Page 1 56-57.qxp 7/2/2007 10:52 AM Page 2 Task_Masthead_216.qxp 6/9/2008 8:51 AM Page 4 TASK MANAGER Energy Costs Drive Design Ingenuity FOUNDER/EDITORIAL DIRECTOR CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Steve Ciarcia Jeannette Ciarcia ast July, I told you about my earliest experiences with the Internet. Since MANAGING EDITOR MEDIA CONSULTANT L C. J. Abate Dan Rodrigues the mid-1990s, my daily ’Net time has increased dramatically. Like most of you, I now use it for researching engineering topics, reading the news, fol- WEST COAST EDITOR CUSTOMER SERVICE Tom Cantrell Debbie Lavoie lowing stocks, interacting with friends and coworkers, ordering gifts, securing reservations, scheduling travel, and more. Hmm. I wonder what new ’Net- CONTRIBUTING EDITORS CONTROLLER Jeff Bachiochi Jeff Yanco related features I’ll be using in July 2009. Ingo Cyliax If gas prices continue to rise, I’ll probably be using the ’Net even more in an Robert Lacoste ART DIRECTOR KC Prescott effort to keep my monthly drive time to a minimum. I’ll increase my use of online George Martin Ed Nisley financial services rather than truck to the local bank branch (3.1 miles round GRAPHIC DESIGNERS Grace Chen trip) or investment consultant (21.74 miles round trip). I’ll watch movies on the NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR John Gorsky Carey Penney ’Net rather than drive to the nearest theater (7.28 miles round trip). I’ll buy more STAFF ENGINEER clothes online than offline at the local mall (14.24 miles round trip). I’ll order PROJECT EDITORS Gary Bodley John Gorsky wine from online distributors at bulk discount rates rather than hit the local Ken Davidson liquor shop (8.36 miles round trip). There are countless other examples. David Tweed Hopefully, by increasing my ’Net time and decreasing my drive time, I will ASSOCIATE EDITOR reduce my monthly cost of living, if only by a bit. At least the psychological Jesse Smolin effect of cost cutting should be more positive than negative. (Fingers crossed.) Trading in a four-wheeled shopping cart for a virtual shopping cart is only ADVERTISING one example of how average consumers are dealing with the price increas- 860.875.2199 • Fax: 860.871.0411 • www.circuitcellar.com/advertise es associated with rising energy costs. In the U.S., “hybrid” and solar tech- PUBLISHER nologies are all the rage (or at least conversations about them are). This Sean Donnelly Direct: 860.872.3064, Cell: 860.930.4326, E-mail: [email protected] augurs well for engineers, particularly the embedded designers and pro- grammers who read this magazine. In the coming months and years, you will ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE Shannon Barraclough use your ingenuity and design/programming prowess to develop the systems Direct: 860.872.3064, E-mail: [email protected] and programs that will advance these technologies—and you will be well ADVERTISING COORDINATOR paid for your services. Whether you design ’Net-connected systems that Valerie Luster enable remote access, build energy-efficient solar systems that cut monthly E-mail: [email protected] utility costs, or create advanced embedded systems for next-generation elec- tric vehicles, you will be improving the lives of countless consumers while Cover photography by Chris Rakoczy—Rakoczy Photography slowing the depletion of important natural resources. In this issue, we pres- www.rakoczyphoto.com ent articles about designs that can serve as starting points for such projects. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES If you’re interested ’Net-related technologies, turn to page 12, where DJ CONTACTS Delorie begins describing how he planned and designed an Internet-con- SUBSCRIPTIONS Information: www.circuitcellar.com/subscribe, E-mail: [email protected] nected alarm clock. The PIC-based design features automatic time setting, Subscribe: 800.269.6301, www.circuitcellar.com/subscribe, Circuit Cellar Subscriptions, P.O. Box 5650, Hanover, NH 03755-5650 streaming MP3 music, and remote management. Another handy Internet- Address Changes/Problems: E-mail: [email protected] connected design is Fernando Jordan’s SwissJazz system (p. 30). He uses GENERAL INFORMATION 860.875.2199, Fax: 860.871.0411, E-mail: [email protected] it to pull song title/artist information from an Internet radio station and display Editorial Office: Editor, Circuit Cellar, 4 Park St., Vernon, CT 06066, E-mail: [email protected] it without the use of a PC. You can build a similar system to gather and dis- New Products: New Products, Circuit Cellar, 4 Park St., Vernon, CT 06066, E-mail: [email protected] AUTHORIZED REPRINTS INFORMATION play the content of your choice. Although these two designs don’t directly 860.875.2199, E-mail: [email protected] AUTHORS reduce energy consumption, you can apply the basic design techniques to Authors’ e-mail addresses (when available) are included at the end of each article. other projects. Feature writers aren’t the only members of the Circuit Cellar community CIRCUIT CELLAR®, THE MAGAZINE FOR COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (ISSN 1528-0608) is published monthly by Circuit Cellar focused on tackling the problem of rising energy costs. Two of our columnists Incorporated, 4 Park Street, Vernon, CT 06066. Periodical rates paid at Vernon, CT and additional offices. One-year (12 issues) subscription rate USA and possessions $23.95, Canada/Mexico $34.95, all other countries $49.95.Two-year (24 issues) sub- have stepped up to the challenge. In the first part of a series titled “Living And scription rate USA and possessions $43.95, Canada/Mexico $59.95, all other countries $85. All subscription orders payable in U.S. funds only via Visa, MasterCard, international postal money order, or check drawn on U.S. bank. Direct subscription orders Working Off The Grid,” George Martin describes how he designed and and subscription-related questions to Circuit Cellar Subscriptions, P.O. Box 5650, Hanover, NH 03755-5650 or call installed a photovoltaic power-generating system at his New Mexico-based 800.269.6301. hideaway (p. 22). And finally, on page 74, Jeff Bachiochi examines electric Postmaster: Send address changes to Circuit Cellar, Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 5650, Hanover, NH 03755-5650. Circuit Cellar® makes no warranties and assumes no responsibility or liability of any kind for errors in these programs or schematics or for the motor technology. He covers electric motor theory, construction, and usage. consequences of any such errors. Furthermore, because of possible variation in the quality and condition of materials and workmanship of read- er-assembled projects, Circuit Cellar® disclaims any responsibility for the safe and proper function of reader-assembled projects based upon or from plans, descriptions, or information published by Circuit Cellar®. The information provided by Circuit Cellar® is for educational purposes. Circuit Cellar® makes no claims or warrants that readers have a right to [email protected] build things based upon these ideas under patent or other relevant intellectual property law in their jurisdiction, or that readers have a right to construct or operate any of the devices described herein under the relevant patent or other intellectual property law of the reader’s jurisdiction. The reader assumes any risk of infringement liability for constructing or operating such devices. We thank The National Institute of Standards and Technology for allowing us to use the Entire contents copyright © 2008 by Circuit Cellar, Incorporated. All rights reserved. Circuit Cellar is a registered trademark of Circuit Cellar, Inc. screenshot on the cover of this issue. For info about the NIST, visit www.nist.gov. Reproduction of this publication in whole or in part without written consent from Circuit Cellar Inc. is prohibited. 4 Issue 216 July 2008 CIRCUIT CELLAR® www.circuitcellar.com 5.qxp 6/5/2008 12:03 PM Page 1 USB Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Inventing the future requires a lot of test gear..
Recommended publications
  • Overlapped Electromagnetic Coilgun for Low Speed Projectiles

    Overlapped Electromagnetic Coilgun for Low Speed Projectiles

    ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 Journal of Magnetics 20(3), 322-329 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/JMAG.2015.20.3.322 Overlapped Electromagnetic Coilgun for Low Speed Projectiles Hany M. Mohamed1, Mahmoud A. Abdalla2*, Abdelazez Mitkees, and Waheed Sabery Electrical Engineering Branch, MTC College, Cairo, Egypt [email protected] [email protected] (Received 20 February 2015, Received in final form 16 June 2015, Accepted 16 June 2015) This paper presents a new overlapped coilgun configuration to launch medium weight projectiles. The proposed configuration consists of a two-stage coilgun with overlapped coil covers with spacing between them. The theoretical operation of a multi-stage coilgun is introduced, and a transient simulation was conducted for projectile motion through the launcher by using a commercial transient finite element software, ANSOFT MAXWELL. The excitation circuit design for each coilgun is reported, and the results indicate that the overlapped configuration increased the exit velocity relative to a non-overlapped configuration. Different configurations in terms of the optimum length and switching time were attempted for the proposed structure, and all of these cases exhibited an increase in the exit velocity. The exit velocity tends to increase by 27.2% relative to that of a non-overlapped coilgun of the same length. Keywords : electromagnetic launch, excitation circuit, lorentz force, overlapped coilgun 1. Introduction is not easy to obtain the main performance parameters and optimize the design [3]. Electromagnetic (EM) launch technology is a strong Sandia National Laboratories has succeeded in coilgun candidate to launch objects with high velocities over long design and operations by developing four guns with distances.
  • Open Fwong Phd Dissertation.Pdf

    Open Fwong Phd Dissertation.Pdf

    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Chemistry CATALYTIC NANOMOTORS AND MICROPUMP SYSTEMS UTILIZING ALTERNATE FUELS A Dissertation in Chemistry by Flory K. Wong © 2016 Flory K. Wong Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2016 ii The dissertation of Flory K. Wong was reviewed and approved* by the following: Ayusman Sen Distinguished Professor of Chemistry Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Thomas E. Mallouk Evan Pugh University Professor of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Physics Head of the Department of Chemistry Raymond E. Schaak DuPont Professor of Materials Chemistry Darrell Velegol Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. iii ABSTRACT Colloidal assemblies of self-powered active particles have become a focus area of research. Ranging from microscopic particle suspensions to nanoscale molecules, these systems transduce chemical energy into mechanical motion across multiple length scales following a variety of mechanisms. Understanding the energy transduction processes and the subsequent nature of particle dynamics offers unprecedented opportunities to explore the physics of small-scale colloidal systems and to harness their behavior in many useful applications. However, over a decade after the initial discovery of autonomous bimetallic nanorods, we continue to struggle to bring such systems into real-world applications. Part of the setback has been the in-depth research into hydrogen peroxide fuel. While the studies have built up the fundamental knowledge necessary for the advancement of the field, we have yet to do the same for other systems that employ alternate fuels. This dissertation aims to fill that void by developing nano- and micromotor and pump systems that does not rely on traditional hydrogen peroxide fuel, uses novel material by taking inspiration in other areas of research, and complete in-depth studies to provide a clear understanding of such systems.
  • Electromagnetic Flyer Plate Technology and Development of a Novel Current Distribution Sensor

    Electromagnetic Flyer Plate Technology and Development of a Novel Current Distribution Sensor

    Electromagnetic Flyer Plate Technology and Development of a Novel Current Distribution Sensor A doctoral thesis by Kaashif A. M. Omar (MPhys. Physics with Astrophysics, University of Leicester, 2007) Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University November 2014 To the School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK © British Crown Owned Copyright 2014/AWE Acknowledgements With the grace and blessing of Allah (SWT), I have been able to complete this work, and I hope to continue in the pursuit of knowledge as is commanded by him… Completing this research project and writing up this thesis has been full of ups and downs and it has been a very long journey, I can vaguely recall a young(er) single scientist who began this work not knowing where it would lead to; now, I am happily married to my wife Humna, having just celebrated our first wedding anniversary, and about to start the next big chapter in my life, which is to become a father… On that note I would like to take this opportunity to firstly thank my father, Mr Abdul Majid Omar and my mother, Mrs Shenaz A M Omar; who have always encouraged me to push myself and instilled within me the confidence that I can achieve anything I put my mind to. Without their constant support I would never have even been able to complete my first degree In physics with Astrophysics at Leicester University, let alone have the opportunity to complete a PhD.
  • Electromagnetic Launcher: Review of Various Structures

    Electromagnetic Launcher: Review of Various Structures

    Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 9 Issue 09, September-2020 Electromagnetic Launcher : Review of Various Structures Siddhi Santosh Reelkar Prof. Dr. U. V. Patil Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Karad Karad Prof. Dr. V. V. Khatavkar Department of Electrical Engineering, P.E.S. Modern college of Engineering, Pune Hrishikesh Mehta Utkarsh Alset Aethertec Innovative Solutions, Aethertec Innovative Solutions, Bavdhan, Pune Bavdhan, Pune Abstract— A theoretic review of electromagnetic coil-gun This paper is mainly focusing the basic principle of launcher and its types are illustrated in this paper. In recent electromagnetic coil-gun launcher, inductance and resistance years conventional launchers like steam launchers, chemical calculations, construction and modeling concept of different launchers are replaced by electromagnetic launchers with coil-gun launcher. auxiliary benefits. The electromagnetic launchers like rail- gun and coil-gun elevated with multi pole field structure delivers II. WORKING PRINCIPLE great muzzle velocity and huge repulse force in limited time. Rail gun has two parallel rails from which object is launched. Various types of coil-gun electromagnetic launchers are When current passes through the rails to the object it compared in this paper for its structures and characteristics. The paper focuses on the basic formulae for calculating the produces arc. Because of high current pulse it has more values of inductance and resistance of electromagnetic contact friction losses [4]. Compare to the rail-gun launcher, launchers. Coil-gun launchers have no contact friction losses as there is no electrical contact between coils and object.
  • Unit VI Superconductivity JIT Nashik Contents

    Unit VI Superconductivity JIT Nashik Contents

    Unit VI Superconductivity JIT Nashik Contents 1 Superconductivity 1 1.1 Classification ............................................. 1 1.2 Elementary properties of superconductors ............................... 2 1.2.1 Zero electrical DC resistance ................................. 2 1.2.2 Superconducting phase transition ............................... 3 1.2.3 Meissner effect ........................................ 3 1.2.4 London moment ....................................... 4 1.3 History of superconductivity ...................................... 4 1.3.1 London theory ........................................ 5 1.3.2 Conventional theories (1950s) ................................ 5 1.3.3 Further history ........................................ 5 1.4 High-temperature superconductivity .................................. 6 1.5 Applications .............................................. 6 1.6 Nobel Prizes for superconductivity .................................. 7 1.7 See also ................................................ 7 1.8 References ............................................... 8 1.9 Further reading ............................................ 10 1.10 External links ............................................. 10 2 Meissner effect 11 2.1 Explanation .............................................. 11 2.2 Perfect diamagnetism ......................................... 12 2.3 Consequences ............................................. 12 2.4 Paradigm for the Higgs mechanism .................................. 12 2.5 See also ...............................................
  • B.Tech. - AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Syllabus

    B.Tech. - AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Syllabus

    B.Tech. - AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Syllabus I Year I – Semester (HS103) ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS – I L T P To C 3 1 - 4 4 UNIT – I Matrices : Matrices, Rank of a matrix, Solutions of system of linear equations, Gauss- Jordan, Gauss Elimination, Eigen values, Eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem - Applications, Diagonalisation of a matrix. UNIT - II Ordinary Differential Equations: Revision of integral formulae, Formation of ordinary differential equations, Differential equations of first order and first degree – linear, Bernoulli and exact. Applications to Newton’s Law of cooling, Law of natural growth and decay, Orthogonal trajectories.Non-homogeneous linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients with RHS term of the type e, Sin ax, Cos ax, polynomials in x, method of variation of parameters UNIT – III Frobenius Series Solution: Frobenius series solution of differential equations (constant and variable coefficients) UNIT – IV Laplace Transformations : Definitions and properties, Laplace transform of standard functions, Inverse transform, first shifting Theorem, Transforms of derivatives and integrals, Unit step function, second shifting theorem, Dirac’s delta function, Convolution theorem, Differentiation and integration of transforms, Application of Laplace transforms to ordinary differential equations. UNIT - V Numerical Methods: Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental equations: Bisection method, Regula-Falsi method, Newton-Raphson method, Numerical solutions of algebraic system of equations by Gauss-Siedel method. Interpolation: Errors in polynomial interpolation, Finite differences, Forward, backward and central differences, Newton’s formulae for interpolation, Central difference interpolation formulae, Gauss and Bessel central difference formulae, interpolation with unevenly spaced points, Lagrange’s interpolation formula. Curve fitting by least squares method, solving differential equations by numerical methods – Euler’s, Modified Eulers, RK method.
  • 1 Introduction

    1 Introduction

    1 1 Introduction 1.1 Global Challenges Water, food, and energy security represent major challenges to the stability and continuity of human populations. However, rapid population growth and steadily improving living standards place enormous pressures on already stressed water resource and agricultural systems. Large amounts of energy are consumed to produce clean water and to treat wastewaters prior to their return to the environ- ment, which inevitably leads to a considerable amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as well as releasing other environmental pollutants. At the global scale, about 2600 km3 of water are withdrawn to supply food- driven irrigation needs every year. Viewed another way, agriculture consumes nearly 70% of total human freshwater withdrawals. This number is to increase to more than 83% by 2050 to meet the growing food demand by the rapidly growing population. In the last 25 years, access to water with potable quality has gone up from 75% to 90% of the world population, and, nevertheless, 884 million people nowadays still lack access to adequate drinking water in many geographical regions [1]. Thus, ensuring a stable and sustainable water, food, and energy supply into the future is a priority for all nations. Adding to an already dreadful situation, water pollution is becoming a major global challenge [2, 3]. From the United Nations World Water Development Report in 2018, it is said that more than 2 billion people lack access to safe drink- ing water and more than double that number lack access to safe sanitation. With a rapidly growing global population, demand for water is expected to increase by nearly one-third by 2050 [4].
  • Modelling and Optimisation of a Robocup MSL Coilgun

    Modelling and Optimisation of a Robocup MSL Coilgun

    Modelling and Optimisation of a RoboCup MSL coilgun V. Gies, T. Soriano, C. Albert, and N. Prouteau Universit´ede Toulon, Avenue de l'Universit´e,83130 La Garde, France [email protected] Home page : http://rct.univ-tln.fr Abstract. This paper focuses on the modelling and optimization of a RoboCup Middle Size League (MSL) coil-gun. A mechatronic model coupling electrical, mechanical and electromagnetic models is proposed. This model is used for optimizing an indirect coil-gun used on limited size robots at the RoboCup for kicking real soccer balls. Applied to a well defined existing coil gun [6], we show that optimizing the initial position of the plunger and the length of a plunger extension leads to increase the ball speed by 30% compared to the results presented in a previous study. Keywords: Coil Gun, Electro Magnetic Launcher, Mechatronics, Modelling, RoboCup 1 Introduction An electromagnetic launcher (EML) is a system using electricity for propelling a projectile [5]. A coil gun is a type of EML, having only the ability to launch magnetic objects (such as iron rods) by converting electrical energy into kinetic energy using a coil [1]. Launching non-magnetic objects cannot be done directly using coil guns because they are not affected by magnetic field but can be done using an "indirect coil gun", having a magnetic plunger accelerated by a coil, propelling an non-magnetic object by continuous contact or elastic shock. Both these propelling techniques can be combined in a multi-phase EML. Optimization of this type of launcher is the purpose of this work.
  • Brushless DC Electric Motor

    Brushless DC Electric Motor

    Please read: A personal appeal from Wikipedia author Dr. Sengai Podhuvan We now accept ₹ (INR) Brushless DC electric motor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search A microprocessor-controlled BLDC motor powering a micro remote-controlled airplane. This external rotor motor weighs 5 grams, consumes approximately 11 watts (15 millihorsepower) and produces thrust of more than twice the weight of the plane. Contents [hide] 1 Brushless versus Brushed motor 2 Controller implementations 3 Variations in construction 4 AC and DC power supplies 5 KM rating 6 Kv rating 7 Applications o 7.1 Transport o 7.2 Heating and ventilation o 7.3 Industrial Engineering . 7.3.1 Motion Control Systems . 7.3.2 Positioning and Actuation Systems o 7.4 Stepper motor o 7.5 Model engineering 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Brushless DC motors (BLDC motors, BL motors) also known as electronically commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors) are electric motors powered by direct-current (DC) electricity and having electronic commutation systems, rather than mechanical commutators and brushes. The current-to-torque and frequency-to-speed relationships of BLDC motors are linear. BLDC motors may be described as stepper motors, with fixed permanent magnets and possibly more poles on the rotor than the stator, or reluctance motors. The latter may be without permanent magnets, just poles that are induced on the rotor then pulled into alignment by timed stator windings. However, the term stepper motor tends to be used for motors that are designed specifically to be operated in a mode where they are frequently stopped with the rotor in a defined angular position; this page describes more general BLDC motor principles, though there is overlap.
  • Light-Driven Nanoscale Plasmonic Motors Ming Liu1, Thomas Zentgraf1,Yongminliu1,Guybartal1 and Xiang Zhang1,2*

    Light-Driven Nanoscale Plasmonic Motors Ming Liu1, Thomas Zentgraf1,Yongminliu1,Guybartal1 and Xiang Zhang1,2*

    LETTERS PUBLISHED ONLINE: 4 JULY 2010 | DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2010.128 Light-driven nanoscale plasmonic motors Ming Liu1, Thomas Zentgraf1,YongminLiu1,GuyBartal1 and Xiang Zhang1,2* When Sir William Crookes developed a four-vaned radiometer, the designed plasmonic structure and its interaction with the light. It also known as the light-mill, in 1873, it was believed that this does not require any predetermined angular momentum of the device confirmed the existence of linear momentum carried light, so the illuminating source can be a simple linearly polarized by photons1, as predicted by Maxwell’s equations. Although plane-wave or Gaussian beam. Reynolds later proved that the torque on the radiometer was Light-induced rotation is obtained by careful design of the phase caused by thermal transpiration2, researchers continued to retardation induced by the electron inertia18,19 and experienced by search for ways to take advantage of the momentum of the light incident on a metallic structure (see Supplementary photons and to use it for generating rotational forces. The Information). The phase retardation can be engineered to vary ability to provide rotational force at the nanoscale could open within the structure, inducing orbital angular momentum on the up a range of applications in physics, biology and chemistry, scattered light that, in turn, results in a torque imposed on the including DNA unfolding and sequencing3–6 and nanoelectro- sample. In other words, as a result of the conservation of angular mechanical systems7–10. Here, we demonstrate a nanoscale momentum, an impetus with the opposite sign is applied to the plasmonic structure that can, when illuminated with linearly plasmonic structure and provides the driving torque.
  • Electromagnetic Coil Gun Launcher System

    Electromagnetic Coil Gun Launcher System

    ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal) Visit: www.ijirset.com Vol. 8, Issue 3, March 2019 Electromagnetic Coil Gun Launcher System Prof. Yogesh Fatangde1 Swapnil Biradar2, Aniket Bahmne3, Suraj Yadav4, Ajay Yadav5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, RMD Sinhgad Technical Campus, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India1 ABSTRACT: In our present time, a study was undertaken to determine if ground based electromagnetic acceleration system could provide a useful reduction in launching cost with current large chemical boosters, while increasing launch safety and reliability. An electromagnetic launcher (EML) system accelerates and launches a projectile by converting electric energy into kinetic energy. An EML system launches projectile by converting electric energy into kinetic energy. There are two types of EML system under development: rail gun and coil gun. A coil gun launches the projectile by magnetic force of electromagnetic coil. A higher velocity needs multiple stages of system, which make coil gun EML system longer. As a result installation cost is very high and it required large installation site for EML. So, we present coil gun EML system with new structure and arrangement for multiple electromagnetic coils to reduce the length of system KEYWORDS: EML, coil gun, Electromagnetic launcher, suck back effect I. INTRODUCTION In chemical launcher systems such as firearms and satellite launchers, chemical explosive energy is converted into mechanical dynamic energy. The system must be redesigned and remanufactured if the target velocity of the projectile is changed. In addition, such systems are not eco-friendly.
  • Design and Fabrication of Moto Autor

    Design and Fabrication of Moto Autor

    A. John Joseph Clinton Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 1( Part 4), January 2015, pp.07-16 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Design and Fabrication of Moto Autor A. John Joseph Clinton*, P. Rajkumar** *(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandy College of Engineering, Affliated to Anna University- Chennai, Tuticorin-05) ** (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandy College of Engineering,Affliated to Anna University- Chennai, Tuticorin-05) ABSTRACT This project is based on the need for the unconventional motor. This work will be another addition in the unconventional revolution. Our project is mainly composed of design and fabrication of the ―MOTO AUTOR‖ which is a replacement of conventional motors in many applications of it. This motoautor can run on its own without any traditional input for fuelling it except for the initiation where permanent magnets has to be installed at first. It is a perpetual motion system that can energize itself by taking up the free energy present in the nature itself. This project enables to motorize systems with very minimal expenditure of energy. Keywords–Perpetual motion, Free energy conversion, Unconventional motor, Magnetic principles, Self- energizing I. INTRODUCTION Perhaps the first electric motors were In normal motoring mode, most electric motors simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish operate through the interaction between an electric monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical motor's magnetic field and winding currents to principle behind production of mechanical force by generate force within the motor. In certain the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic applications, such as in the transportation industry field, Ampère's force law, was discovered later with traction motors, electric motors can operate in by André-Marie Ampère in 1820.