Electromagnetic Coil Gun Launcher System
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Electromagnetic Sheet Forming by Uniform Pressure Using Flat Spiral Coil
materials Article Electromagnetic Sheet Forming by Uniform Pressure Using Flat Spiral Coil Xiaohui Cui 1,2,3,*, Dongyang Qiu 2, Lina Jiang 4, Hailiang Yu 1,2,3, Zhihao Du 1 and Ang Xiao 1 1 Light alloy research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; [email protected] (H.Y.); [email protected] (Z.D.); [email protected] (A.X.) 2 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; [email protected] 3 State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 4 Shandong North Binhai Machinery Company, Zibo 255201, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-15388028791 Received: 13 May 2019; Accepted: 13 June 2019; Published: 18 June 2019 Abstract: The coil is the most important component in electromagnetic forming. Two important questions in electromagnetic forming are how to obtain the desired magnetic force distribution on the sheet and increase the service life of the coil. A uniform pressure coil is widely used in sheet embossing, bulging, and welding. However, the coil is easy to break, and the manufacturing process is complex. In this paper, a new uniform-pressure coil with a planar structure was designed. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model was established to analyze the effect of the main process parameters on magnetic force distribution. By comparing the experimental results, it was found that the simulation results have a higher analysis precision. Based on the simulation results, the resistivity of the die, spacing between the left and right parts of the coil, relative position between coil and sheet, and sheet width significantly affect the distribution of magnetic force. -
Overlapped Electromagnetic Coilgun for Low Speed Projectiles
ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 Journal of Magnetics 20(3), 322-329 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/JMAG.2015.20.3.322 Overlapped Electromagnetic Coilgun for Low Speed Projectiles Hany M. Mohamed1, Mahmoud A. Abdalla2*, Abdelazez Mitkees, and Waheed Sabery Electrical Engineering Branch, MTC College, Cairo, Egypt [email protected] [email protected] (Received 20 February 2015, Received in final form 16 June 2015, Accepted 16 June 2015) This paper presents a new overlapped coilgun configuration to launch medium weight projectiles. The proposed configuration consists of a two-stage coilgun with overlapped coil covers with spacing between them. The theoretical operation of a multi-stage coilgun is introduced, and a transient simulation was conducted for projectile motion through the launcher by using a commercial transient finite element software, ANSOFT MAXWELL. The excitation circuit design for each coilgun is reported, and the results indicate that the overlapped configuration increased the exit velocity relative to a non-overlapped configuration. Different configurations in terms of the optimum length and switching time were attempted for the proposed structure, and all of these cases exhibited an increase in the exit velocity. The exit velocity tends to increase by 27.2% relative to that of a non-overlapped coilgun of the same length. Keywords : electromagnetic launch, excitation circuit, lorentz force, overlapped coilgun 1. Introduction is not easy to obtain the main performance parameters and optimize the design [3]. Electromagnetic (EM) launch technology is a strong Sandia National Laboratories has succeeded in coilgun candidate to launch objects with high velocities over long design and operations by developing four guns with distances. -
Introduction to Direct Current (DC) Theory
PDHonline Course E235 (4 PDH) Electrical Fundamentals - Introduction to Direct Current (DC) Theory Instructor: A. Bhatia, B.E. 2012 PDH Online | PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.PDHonline.org www.PDHcenter.com An Approved Continuing Education Provider CHAPTER 3 DIRECT CURRENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Identify the term schematic diagram and identify the components in a circuit from a simple schematic diagram. 2. State the equation for Ohm's law and describe the effects on current caused by changes in a circuit. 3. Given simple graphs of current versus power and voltage versus power, determine the value of circuit power for a given current and voltage. 4. Identify the term power, and state three formulas for computing power. 5. Compute circuit and component power in series, parallel, and combination circuits. 6. Compute the efficiency of an electrical device. 7. Solve for unknown quantities of resistance, current, and voltage in a series circuit. 8. Describe how voltage polarities are assigned to the voltage drops across resistors when Kirchhoff's voltage law is used. 9. State the voltage at the reference point in a circuit. 10. Define open and short circuits and describe their effects on a circuit. 11. State the meaning of the term source resistance and describe its effect on a circuit. 12. Describe in terms of circuit values the circuit condition needed for maximum power transfer. 13. Compute efficiency of power transfer in a circuit. 14. Solve for unknown quantities of resistance, current, and voltage in a parallel circuit. -
Brushes for Aircraft Applications
Brushes for Aircraft Applications Bob Nuckolls AeroElectric Connection April 1993 Updated August 2003 Several times a year I receive a call or letter asking where one be 1000 hours or more of continuous motor operation! We obtains "aircraft" grade brushes for an alternator or generator. were hard pressed to demonstrate more than 600 hours from One of my readers called recently to say he had been verbally any grade of brush. This little motor runs at 22,000 rpm! There keel-hauled by an engineer with an alternator manufacturing were simply no brush products available that would last 1000 company. The reader had confessed to considering a plain hours at those commutator surface speeds. vanilla brush for use in the alternator on his RV-4. The program was nearly scuttled when project managers There's a lot of "hangar mythology" about what constitutes became fixated upon reaching the 1000-hour goal. We aircraft ratings in components. We all know that much of what researched our service records for the same motor supplied in is deemed "aircraft" today are the same products certified onto other forms for over 10 years. airplanes 30-50 years ago. Many developers and suppliers consider aviation a "dying" market; few are interested in Clutches and brakes turned out to be the #1 service problem. researching and qualifying new products. However, Brake problems occurred at 300 to 500 flight hours, not motor automotive markets continue to advance in every technology. operating hours. Given that trim operations might run a pitch It is sad to note that many products found on cars today far trim actuator perhaps 3 minutes total per flight cycle, 1000 exceed the capabilities and quality of similar hardware found hours of flight on a Lear might put less than 50 hours on certified airplanes. -
A Dc–Dc Converter with High-Voltage Step-Up Ratio and Reduced- Voltage Stress for Renewable Energy Generation Systems
A DC–DC CONVERTER WITH HIGH-VOLTAGE STEP-UP RATIO AND REDUCED- VOLTAGE STRESS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMS A Dissertation by Satya Veera Pavan Kumar Maddukuri Master of Science, University of Greenwich, UK, 2012 Bachelor of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technology University Kakinada, India, 2010 Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2018 1 © Copyright 2018 by Satya Veera Pavan Kumar Maddukuri All Rights Reserved 1 A DC–DC CONVERTER WITH HIGH-VOLTAGE STEP-UP RATIO AND REDUCED- VOLTAGE STRESS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMS The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a major in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. ___________________________________ Aravinthan Visvakumar, Committee Chair ___________________________________ M. Edwin Sawan, Committee Member ___________________________________ Ward T. Jewell, Committee Member ___________________________________ Chengzong Pang, Committee Member ___________________________________ Thomas K. Delillo, Committee Member Accepted for the College of Engineering ___________________________________ Steven Skinner, Interim Dean Accepted for the Graduate School ___________________________________ Dennis Livesay, Dean iii DEDICATION To my parents, my wife, my in-laws, my teachers, and my dear friends iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Aravinthan Visvakumar for the continuous support of my PhD study and related research, for his thoughtful patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this dissertation. -
Instructor's Guide
Instructor’s Guide Electricity: A 3-D Animated Demonstration ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Introduction This instructor’s guide provides information to help you get the most out of Electricity and Magnetism, part of the eight-part series Electricity: A 3-D Animated Demonstration. The series makes the principles of electricity easier to understand and discuss. The series includes Electrostatics; Electric Current; Ohm's Law; Circuits; Power and Efficiency; Electricity and Magnetism; Electric Motors; and Electric Generators. Electricity and Magnetism traces the relationship between magnetism and electricity from the first accidental discovery of induced current. Learning Objectives After watching the video program, students will be able to: • Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism • Explain the difference between electric and magnetic fields • Explain the construct, function, and use of solenoids • Differentiate between, explain, and apply the left-hand and right-hand rules • Demonstrate (via experiments) and explain aspects, and actions and functions of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetism Educational Standards National Science Standards This program correlates with the National Science Education Standards from the National Academies of Science, and Project 2061, from the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Copyright © 2008 SHOPWARE® • www.shopware-usa.com • 1-800-487-3392 Electricity: A 3-D Animated Demonstration ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE Science as Inquiry Content Standard A: -
Faraday's Law Da
Faraday's Law dA B B r r Φ≡B •d A B ∫ dΦ ε= − B dt Faraday’s Law of Induction r r Recall the definition of magnetic flux is ΦB =B∫ ⋅ d A Faraday’s Law is the induced EMF in a closed loop equal the negative of the time derivative of magnetic flux change in the loop, d r r dΦ ε= −B∫ d ⋅= A − B dt dt Constant B field, changing B field, no induced EMF causes induced EMF in loop in loop Getting the sign EMF in Faraday’s Law of Induction Define the loop and an area vector, A, who magnitude is the Area and whose direction normal to the surface. A The choice of vector A direction defines the direction of EMF with a right hand rule. Your thumb in A direction and then your fingers point to positive EMF direction. Lenz’s Law – easier way! The direction of any magnetic induction effect is such as to oppose the cause of the effect. ⇒ Convenient method to determine I direction Heinrich Friedrich Example if an external magnetic field on a loop Emil Lenz is increasing, the induced current creates a field opposite that reduces the net field. (1804-1865) Example if an external magnetic field on a loop is decreasing, the induced current creates a field parallel to the that tends to increase the net field. Incredible shrinking loop: a circular loop of wire with a magnetic flux is shrinking with time. In which direction is the induced current? (a) There is none. (b) CW. -
Teaching H. C. Ørsted's Scientific Work in Danish High School Physics
UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN FACULTY OF SCIENCE Ida Marie Monberg Hindsholm Teaching H. C. Ørsted's Scientific Work in Danish High School Physics Masterʹs thesis Department of Science Education 19 July 2018 Master's thesis Teaching H. C. Ørsted’s Scientific Work in Danish High School Physics Submitted 19 July 2018 Author Ida Marie Monberg Hindsholm, B.Sc. E-mail [email protected] Departments Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen Department of Science Education, University of Copenhagen Main supervisor Ricardo Avelar Sotomaior Karam, Associate Professor, Department of Science Education, University of Copenhagen Co-supervisor Steen Harle Hansen, Associate Professor, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen 1 Contents 1 Introduction . 1 2 The Material: H. C. Ørsted's Work . 3 2.1 The Life of Hans Christian Ørsted . 3 2.2 Ørsted’s Metaphysical Framework: The Dynamical Sys- tem............................. 6 2.3 Ritter and the failure in Paris . 9 2.4 Ørsted’s work with acoustic and electric figures . 12 2.5 The discovery of electromagnetism . 16 2.6 What I Use for the Teaching Sequence . 19 3 Didactic Theory . 20 3.1 Constructivist teaching . 20 3.2 Inquiry Teaching . 22 3.3 HIPST . 24 4 The Purpose and Design of the Teaching Sequence . 27 4.1 Factual details and lesson plan . 28 5 Analysis of Transcripts and Writings . 40 5.1 Method of Analysis . 40 5.2 Practical Problems . 41 5.3 Reading Original Ørsted's Texts . 42 5.4 Inquiry and Experiments . 43 5.5 "Role play" - Thinking like Ørsted . 48 5.6 The Reflection Corner . 51 5.7 Evaluation: The Learning Objectives . -
AC Vs. DC Boost Converters: a Detailed Conduction Loss Comparison
AC vs. DC Boost Converters: A Detailed Conduction Loss Comparison Daniel L Gerber Fariborz Musavi Building Technology and Urban Systems Engineering and Computer Science Lawrence Berkeley Labs Washington State University Berkeley, CA, USA Vancouver, WA, USA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Studies have shown the efficiency benefits of DC dis- at the same voltage. Although several previous works have tribution systems are largely due to the superior performance of analyzed and established loss models for the DC/DC [9]– DC/DC converters. Nonetheless, these studies are often based on [12] and AC/DC PFC [13]–[20] boost converters, they each product data that differs widely in manufacturer and operating have their own methods and formulae, making an analytic voltage. This work develops a rigorous loss model to theoretically comparison difficult. In addition, many of them neglect es- compare the efficiency of a DC/DC and an AC/DC PFC boost sential components such as the input bridge drop and output converter. It ensures each converter has the same components and equivalent operating voltages. The results show AC boost capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR). This is the first converters below 500 W to have 2.9 to 4.2 times the loss of DC. work to establish a set of formulae that compare the loss between an AC and DC boost converter, both of which have the Keywords—DC microgrid, boost converter, loss model, power same components and equivalent operating voltages. Although factor correction DC/DC converters are already known to be more efficient, this work reports exactly how much more. -
Stripped-Down Motor
Stripped-Down Motor In this activity, you’ll make an electric motor—a simple version of the electric motors found in toys, tools, and appliances everywhere. What Do I Need? • aluminum foil • paper clips (larger is better) • paper, plastic, or foam cup • masking tape • magnets (two or more, available at Radio Shack) • scissors • copper wire (bare or coated) • sandpaper • battery (D or C cell) • permanent marker (any color is fine) What Do I Do? Building the Stand other piece of foil and paper clip. 1. Tear off two narrow sheets of aluminum foil. These will connect 4. Place the paper cup upside-down the motor to the battery. on the table. Tape the foil-covered 2. Take a paper clip and bend the outside wire down, so that you have a loop with post. Repeat with another paper clip. 3. Wrap one end of the aluminum foil around the long post of the paper clip. Make sure there is good contact between the paper clip and the foil. Repeat with the www.exploratorium.edu/afterschool Exploratorium end of one paper clip to the top of Turn over the cup and drop the inverted paper cup. Tape the another magnet inside. The two other paper clip to the opposite magnets will stick together. side. 6. Put the cup back on the table 5. Place a magnet on the top of the upside-down. This is the base for cup, between the paper clips. your motor. Making the Coil wire with two bare ends sticking 1. Cut a length of about 2 feet (60 out from either side. -
Electromagnetic Flyer Plate Technology and Development of a Novel Current Distribution Sensor
Electromagnetic Flyer Plate Technology and Development of a Novel Current Distribution Sensor A doctoral thesis by Kaashif A. M. Omar (MPhys. Physics with Astrophysics, University of Leicester, 2007) Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University November 2014 To the School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK © British Crown Owned Copyright 2014/AWE Acknowledgements With the grace and blessing of Allah (SWT), I have been able to complete this work, and I hope to continue in the pursuit of knowledge as is commanded by him… Completing this research project and writing up this thesis has been full of ups and downs and it has been a very long journey, I can vaguely recall a young(er) single scientist who began this work not knowing where it would lead to; now, I am happily married to my wife Humna, having just celebrated our first wedding anniversary, and about to start the next big chapter in my life, which is to become a father… On that note I would like to take this opportunity to firstly thank my father, Mr Abdul Majid Omar and my mother, Mrs Shenaz A M Omar; who have always encouraged me to push myself and instilled within me the confidence that I can achieve anything I put my mind to. Without their constant support I would never have even been able to complete my first degree In physics with Astrophysics at Leicester University, let alone have the opportunity to complete a PhD. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,000,647 B2 Rapoport (45) Date of Patent: Apr
USOO9000647B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,000,647 B2 Rapoport (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 7, 2015 (54) HIGH EFFICIENCY HIGH OUTPUT DENSITY (56) References Cited ELECTRIC MOTOR U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (76) Inventor: Uri Rapoport, Moshav Ben Shemen 5,396,140 A ck 3, 1995 Goldie et al. 310,268 (IL) 5,903,082 A 5/1999 Caamano 6,175,178 B1* 1/2001 Tupper et al. ................. 310,166 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,259,233 B1 ck 658) ano f patent is extended or adjusted under 35 g: R g58. Shiki . 310,114 U.S.C. 154(b) by 318 days. 2004/0195931 A1* 10, 2004 Sakoda ......................... 310,268 2008/008.8200 A1* 4/2008 Ritchey......................... 310,268 (21) Appl. No.: 13/495,788 2012/0319518 A1* 12/2012 Rapoport ................. 310,156.12 (22) Filed: Jun. 13, 2012 k cited. by examiner O O Primary Examiner — John K. Kim (65) Prior Publication Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — The Law Office of Michael US 2012/O319518A1 Dec. 20, 2012 E. Kondoudis (57) ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data An electric motor that generates mechanical energy whilst increasing both the motor efficiency and the mechanical (60) Eyal application No. 61/497.536, filed on Jun. power density. The electric motor includes: a plurality of disk s Surfaces having a main longitudinal axis; a plurality of sta 51) Int. C tionary Support structures; and a rotating shaft affixed to the (51) Int. Cl. disk Surfaces. Each disk surface is coupled to an array of HO2K L/27 (2006.01) offset magnets.