DOCSLIB.ORG

Leaf Protein Extraction from Tropical Plants Lehel Telek Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Region, U.S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leaf Protein Extraction from Tropical Plants Lehel Telek Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Region, U.S Leaf Protein Extraction From Tropical Plants Lehel Telek Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Region, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico hectare per year of leaf proteins can be at least four times higher than that of seed proteins. Protein and calorie malnutrition is widespread Leaf protein concentrates for animal feed cur- in the less developed countries. Importing high- rently are manufactured from alfalfa in Europe, and grade animal products, cereal grains, and animal a new processing plant was started recently in the feeds puts a strain on these countries’ economies. United States. Because efforts to adapt alfalfa to the Leaf protein concentrates (LPCs) should be serious- tropics have been only marginally successful in a ly considered as additional protein sources. Leaf few areas, possible tropical plant sources have been protein concentrates from alfalfa are prepared on investigated. a large commercial scale in Europe and the United In 1978, a broad research program to find suitable States. Unfortunately, alfalfa has not been grown tropical plants for leaf protein fractionation was or- successfully in the humid tropics, and a suitable ganized at the Tropical Agriculture Research Sta- tropical replacement is needed for leaf protein ex- tion, USDA (Science and Education) in Mayaguez, traction. Puerto Rico. At least 500 introductions were At least 500 introductions of tropical plants have planted and critically evaluated as potential sources been tested at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s for LPC extraction (77) (table 1). The following cri- (USDA’s) Tropical Agriculture Research Station in teria were used in selecting plants suitable for LPC Puerto Rico. Potential plants for LPC production production: high protein and dry matter (DM) con- have been evaluated and selected for further tent, good protein extractability when freshly cut, research, Machinery has been developed which and good regrowth potential. The plants should fix may be suitable for laboratory, on-farm, village nitrogen, be erect and easily harvested mechanical- level, and commercial extraction. Further research ly, and be nontoxic and low in antinutritional is needed in agronomy and leaf protein extraction factors, and use. On-farm use is the most economical Freshly harvested plants were extracted in a system for the tropics, It is suggested that crude leaf blender with 600 ml ice water at high speed for 5 protein concentrate be used as human food only in to 10 minutes and filtered in a bag made of closely extreme emergencies. woven fabric. The pressed green juice was heated carefully in a 2-liter Erlenmeyer flask immersed in boiling water and agitated with a slow motion stir- Tropical Plants for Loaf rer. At 550 C, a green coagulum formed and was Protein Extraction separated by centrifugation, washed several times, and finally spread in thin layers on glass plates and At the present growth rate, world population will dried, The supernatant from the centrifugation was double in the next 30 to 40 years. This population heated carefully to 64° and the white curd increase mainly will burden the lesser developed coagulum that formed was separated by centrifuga- countries in the humid lowland tropics, where the tion, washed with acetone, and dried in a rotary current annual population growth rate is 2.3 per- evaporator. The liquid was further heated to 820. cent and yearly increase in food production re- After cooling, a light tan precipitate formed and mains low. The demand for food of plant origin will was processed as the 640 fraction (see fig. 1), continue to increase, and the supply of meat will The spontaneous coagulation of protein in the decrease because yields of cereal grains in the juice extracted from some plants was observed dur- tropics generally are low and local production is consumed by humans. This ever-widening food ing the survey of tropical plants. This phenomenon shortage cannot be alleviated by conventional agri- occurred during extraction of leaves of cassava, culture alone. As an additional source of protein, Leucaena leucocephala; some Indigoferas, leaf protein concentrates (LPCs) should be given Desmodium, and Mimosa species; and many of the serious attention because leaves are abundant year- tree legumes of Mimosa, Cassia, and Pea subfami- round in the tropics and many have high protein lies. These plants have been classified as Type I content. With suitable plant material, the yield per (table 1). Another group of plants yielded a green 78 Leaf Protein Extraction From Tropical Plants ● 79 Table 1 .—Crude Protein Content of Tropical Plants Amarantlius anclancaluius Hungary 12.3 26.6 Iv A. caudatus Sweden 13.0 27.7 Iv A. cruentus Taiwan 14.6 28.3 IV A. gangeticus Hungary 14.5 24.4 Ii’ A. hypochondriacus Sweden 11.5 27.9 Iv A. mantegazzianus Sweden 16.2 30.0 IV COMPOSITAE 11 Helian thus uniflorus Hungary 29.9 11 H . annuus Sweden 25.4 CRUCIFERAE Brassica alba Hungary 22.5 39.8 III B . campestris Pakistan 14.2 19.1 III Guatemala 10.8 21.0 III B. hirta Yugoslavia 10.4 30.0 III Poland 12.6 30.8 111 B. napus Hungary 11.8 21.1 111 France 11.6 26.4 III China 14.4 24.4 III Brassica juncea India 13.8 27.1 Cuba 12.2 22.3 Nepal 14.2 24.8 B. nigra Ind i a 10.2 26.4 Turkey 10.8 24.0 C r eec e 14.1 20.6 B. oleracea United States 14.0 19.4 B. “ var. gongyloides United States 12.6 19.4 Lepidium sativum Puerto Rico 12.3 17.6 Nasturtium officinale Puerto Rico 18.2 22.6 CUCURBITACEAE Benincasa hispida India 18.0 18.0 11 Lagenaria siceraria S. Africa 11.4 26.3 II Luffa cylindrical India 19.3 26.3 II EUPHORBIACEAE Cnidoscolus chayamansa Mexico 18.8 26.3 11 Manihot esculenta Colombia 20.8 25.5 I LECUMINOSAE Aeschynomene falcata Brazil 20.2 13.5 A. scabra Mexico 20.8 15.5 A. indica India 20.8 16.9 80 ● Plants: The Potentials for Extracting Protein, Medicines, and Other Useful Chemicals—Workshop Proceedings Alysicarpus vaginal is India 20.1 20.0 111 Ceylon 18.6 20.3 III Cajanus cajan India 24.0 22.5 111 Mexico 2 .0 20.6 111 Calopogonium muconoides Indonesia 20.0 19.7 111 Canavalia ensiformis India 21.5 18.4 111 Brazil 19.8 22.1 111 C. gladiata Philippines 20.9 21.9 111 Centrosema pubescens India 23.5 18.9 111 Philippines 25.0 23.2 111 Ivory Coast 20.0 19.4 111 Clitoria ternatea Brazil 16.1 23.6 111 Cuba 20.6 23.0 111 Australia 19.2 24.3 III Crotalaria alata India 18.6 19.9 II C. argyrolobioloides Kenya 20.4 23.9 II C. brachystachya Brazil 19.2 27.4 11 C. incana Argentina 19.3 22.9 II C. juncea India 21.4 25.8 11 USSR 24.0 26.3 II Cyamopsis tetragonoloba India 14.2 19.2 III Desmodium canum Brazil 20.8 18.9 I. D. distortum Hawaii 16.8 17.8 111 D. intortum Spain 25.0 18.7 III Brazil 25.0 23.5 111 D. perplexum Brazil 20.0 16.2 11 D. sandwicense Australia 21.7 23.0 1 Glycine wightii S. Africa 19.2 19.6 III Indigofera arrecta Chana 31.2 15.1 II I. brevipes Costa Rica 18.3 26.8 II -.Y cireinella Korea 17.6 26.2 I S. Africa 16.4 28.1 I. -.T colutea Australia 20.2 28.7 III I. confusa Indonesia 19.8 T 14.6 11 A. cryptantha S. Africa 19.8 24.0 111 I. echinata Tanzania 21.0 21.4 II X. hirsuta Nigeria 22.1 24.2 11 Brazil 21.0 27.9 II Rhodesia 23.4 30.6 II I. hochstetteri Rhodesia 18.3 21.2 II I. microcarpa Argentina 34.9 22.3 II I. mucronata Peru 20.8 22.4 II Brazil 23.7 24.4 11 I. recroflexa Kenya 21.8 21.2 11 I. schimperi Africa 14.6 23.3 11 I. semitijuga India 31.8 17.2 II I. spicata Tanzania 16.5 35.7 11 I. subulata Kenya 27.2 12.3 II Cuba 26.4 10.8 II I. suffruticosa Brazil 21.4 25.3 11 Mexico 20.7 32.4 11 I. sumatrana Australia 21.8 28.2 II I. tetlensis Africa 20.2 20.5 III I. Ceysmannii Malaya 21.6 31.0 11 I. tinctoria Dem. Republic 20.6 15.2 11 Leaf Protein Extraction From Tropical Plants ● 81 Lablab purpureus Malaysia 21.5 27.7 III Lupinus albus Turkey 18.8 19.5 111 L. angustifolius Hungary 20.4 18.8 111 S. Africa 22.6 16.6 III L. luteus Hungary 22.2 16.1 III Spain 20.4 19.2 III L. hispanicus Portugal 20.6 19.8 III Spain 20.2 19.2 111 Macroptilium lathyroides Australia 18.8 19.5 III Macrocyloma uniflorum Puerto Rico 18.6 26.4 III South Africa 21.0 21.3 III Mucuna deeringiana Mozambique 17.2 32.6 11 Phaseolus acontifolius India 18.8 18.3 111 Afghanistan 22.2 15.8 111 P. calcaratus Ivory Coast 19.7 20.8 111 Honduras 20.1 23.7 111 Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Puerto Rico 20.6 22.0 III Sesbania arabica Turkey 21.8 29.9 111 Afghanistan 22.2 30.0 111 S: cannabina India 19.8 21.4 111 S. exasperate’ Brazil 20.4 20.9 111 Argentina 20.6 20.6 III S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nutritive Evaluation of Telfairia Occidentalis Leaf Protein Concentrate in Infant Foods
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (15), pp. 2721-2727, 4 August, 2008 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2008 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Nutritive evaluation of Telfairia occidentalis leaf protein concentrate in infant foods Johnson Oluwasola Agbede*, Muyiwa Adegbenro, Gbenga Emmanuel Onibi, Christian Oboh and Valentine Ayobore Aletor Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria. Accepted 11 April, 2008 Leaf meal (LM), leaf proteins concentrate (LPC) and LPC residues from Telfairia occidentalis were produced, chemically characterized and the protein quality of the LPC evaluated using rats. Five infant weaning foods were formulated using varying combinations of T. occidentalis LPC and soybean meal. These foods were compared with three coded commercial infant weaning foods (CFF, CFN and CFC) currently in trade in a 28-day performance study. Though fractionation increased crude protein in LPC by 34.8%, the amino acid values were in most cases lower than the FAO/WHO/UNU recommendation. Fractionation led to increase in the gross energy by 22.0% and decrease in the phytate and tannin contents by 60 and 81.3%, respectively in LPC. The LPC, when fed as sole protein source, led to weight loss in rats. The highest final weight was observed in rats fed 100% LPC + 0% soybean meal-based food (105.4 ± 16.4 g) and least in CFN (50.0 ± 4.2 g), a commercial food. The formulated foods had significant (P<0.05) effects on apparent N-digestibility, ‘operative’ protein efficiency ratio and haematological variables.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization and Bioavailability of Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate. Sirous Kashefi Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1982 Characterization and Bioavailability of Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate. Sirous Kashefi Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Kashefi, Sirous, "Characterization and Bioavailability of Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate." (1982). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3810. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3810 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)” . If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Limiting Order of Amino Acid in Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (ALPC) for Growing Pigs
    Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 0 Issue 10 Swine Day (1968-2014) Article 226 1980 Limiting order of amino acid in Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (ALPC) for growing pigs A Hsu G L. Allee Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr Part of the Other Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Hsu, A and Allee, G L. (1980) "Limiting order of amino acid in Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (ALPC) for growing pigs," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 0: Iss. 10. https://doi.org/ 10.4148/2378-5977.6066 This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1980 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Contents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Limiting order of amino acid in Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (ALPC) for growing pigs Abstract Seventy-two crossbred pigs averaging 23.5 lb initially and 12 crossbred barrows averaging 31.5 lb initially were used to study the limiting order of amino acids in ALPC for growing pigs in a feeding trial and a nitrogen balance trial. The basal diet contained 20% ALPC, as the amino acids source, and dextrose, as the energy source.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Protein Concentrate Supplemented Feed on Growth and Nutritional Parameters in Broilers
    World Applied Sciences Journal 32 (1): 133-138, 2014 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.32.01.84302 Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Protein Concentrate Supplemented Feed on Growth and Nutritional Parameters in Broilers 1I.N. Okafor, 1,2F.C. Ezebuo and 3N.T. Azodo 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Anambra State University, P.M.B. 02, Uli, Nigeria 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria 3National Root Crop Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria Abstract: The effect of moringa oleifera leaf protein concentrate MLPC supplemented feed on nutritional parameters and growth performance of broiler chicks was investigated. MLPC was prepared by a standardized method and was used to formulate a diet which contained a 20% replacement level of MLPC for soy bean meal. A control diet was prepared as well. Fifty (Sayed type) chicks were feed for four weeks with “Top” commercial feed after which they were starved for twelve hours. Forty of them each weighing 500 g were selected and shared into two dietary treatment groups (test and control groups). Each group contained four replicates of five chicks each. Daily records of feed intake and weekly records of weight gain were taken (and later used to calculate protein efficiency ratio (PER).Dried Feacal samples were weighed. The nitrogen contents of feed and feacal samples were determined. Result of analysis showed that the weekly feed intake for the control and test groups were not significantly (p < 0.05) different (1220±2.20 g and 1237.5±1.50 g respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific World
    Scientific World Cassava – how to explore the “all-sufficient” Making better and more diversified use of plants in order to benefit from existing resources is one of the targets that the bioeconomy has set itself. As a rule, however, this means that first of all, a lot of research has to be carried out, as the following example of Cassava shows. Cassava is widely grown in nearly prepared from cassava starch can be cus more on the cassava leaves as an 105 tropical and subtropical coun- used in food industry and for produc- economical and sustainable source of tries with an estimated production of ing synthetic resins, plastics and rubber protein and nutrients. 263 million tonnes in 2012. The plant products. Cassava leaves are used as is considered as a 21st century crop food, feed and to raise silkworms, while The global demand for protein is as it responds to the global economy mushrooms can be grown with the increasing tremendously. According to trends and climate change challenges. ground stems. Finally, the waste from the UN Food and Agriculture Organi- Cassava is a staple food for one billion the cassava field and processing indus- zation (FAO), world-wide meat con- people, but it is equally important as try can be used to produce biogas. sumption is estimated to reach 463 mil- a source of feed and industrial appli- lion tonnes by 2050, requiring a huge cations, and is also an energy source, amount of feed protein which will be making it ideally suitable for cascade From waste to food: making use hard to produce in an eco-sustainable use (see article on pages 28–29).
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization of Process Conditions for Isolation of Leaf Protein Concentrate from Pongamia Pinnata and Its Proximate Nutritional Composition
    IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.Volume 8, Issue 5 Ver. I (May. 2015), PP 24-33 www.iosrjournals.org Optimization of Process Conditions for Isolation of Leaf Protein Concentrate from Pongamia pinnata and its Proximate Nutritional Composition Lutful Haque Khan and V. K. Varshney Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, DehraDun-248006, India Abstract: Substantial amount of leaves as biomass residue is produced from Pongamia pinnata (karanj) plantations which has no commercial value and remains underutilized. Feasibility of utilization of this biomass residue for development of protein concentrate as a food/ feed supplement was examined. A process for isolation of leaf protein concentrate (LPC) was optimized through investigating the influence of various process parameters on the yield and protein content of the LPC. The parameters optimized were ratio of fresh leaves to water (1:9), coagulation temperature (90ºC) and duration (11 minutes), and pH (4.0). The optimized process was applied for isolation of LPCs from lower, middle and upper canopy of the tree, and the LPCs containing protein 43.77-44.34% were recovered in 7.27-7.34% yield. The proximate nutritional composition (moisture, 6.49-6.58%; fat, 12.54-12.82%; crude fibre, 1.84-1.86%; ash, 3.66-3.97%; carbohydrates, 39.18-39.83%; organic matter, 96.02-96.34%; total free amino acids, 0.056-0.057 % E of leucine; Gross energy, 447.29- 449.77 Kcal/100g LPC; pigments, % (chlorophyll, 0.37-0.38; total carotene, 0.025-0.026; xanthophylls, 0.82- 0.83); minerals, mg/100g LPC (Na, 4.42-4.72; Ca, 1070-1087; P, 746.33-754; Fe, 53.20-55.05; Cu, 12.95- 13.13; Zn, 7.57-8.05; Mn, 0.37-0.38; Mg, 26.62-27.66; K, 20.68-21.05); in vitro digestibility, 82.62-82.95%; total polyphenols, 0.120-0.123%GAE; total saponins, 0.501-0.513%; total alkaloids, not detected) of these LPCs were determined.
    [Show full text]
  • Lucerne Leaf Concentrate
    page : 1 Association for the Promotion of Leaf Concentrate in Nutrition (ASSOCIATION POUR LA PROMOTION DES EXTRAITS FOLIAIRES EN NUTRITION – « APEF ») 8, Rue d’Athènes – 75009 PARIS A NEW NUTRITIONAL IDEA FOR MAN : LUCERNE LEAF CONCENTRATE Dr. V. ZANIN, October 1998 In collaboration with : Pr. Ph. BOUCHET (UFR de Pharmacie de REIMS), Pr. H. CHOISY (CHU de REIMS), Pr. J.C. DILLON (Institut des Cordeliers de PARIS), de Mrs E. HENNEQUIN (CAVISA), du Dr. E. KARIGER (CHU de REIMS), du Dr. C. RECCHIA (Nutrionist), de Mr Eric SEILER (FRANCE LUZERNE ), de Mr. B. THAREL (Plant Selection). And : Mrs I. GASTINEAU, Mr. R. DOUILLARD, Mr. O. de MATHAN, Mr. J.M. MOJON, APEF members and Mr J. SUBTIL, APEF President {English Translation by M.N.G. DAVYS, formerly of Rothamsted Experimental Station} page : 2 Prologue Page 4 Introduction Page 5 CHAPTER I : Lucerne Page 6 1. Origin and genetics Page 6 1.1. History Page 6 1.2. Genetics of lucerne Page 6 1.2.1. Species Page 6 Medicago sativa Medicago falcata Hybrids (varia) 1.2.2. Varieties grown in France Page 6 Type Provence Type Flamand 2. Culture of lucerne Page 6 2.1. Environmental requirements Page 6 Soil Page 6 Temperature Page 6 Water Page 7 Light Page 7 2.2. Growth Page 7 2.3. Treatments Page 7 Herbicides Page 7 Insecticides Page 7 Seed treatment Page 7 2.4. Environmental impact of lucerne culture Page 7 2.4.1. Lucerne as an ecological plant Page 7 2.4.2. Mineralization Page 7 3. Harvest and conservation of lucerne Page 7 Forage Page 7 Grazing Page 7 Silage Page 8 Hay Page 8 Haylage and baling Page 8 Drying Page 8 Chapter II : Lucerne leaf concentrate Page 8 1.
    [Show full text]
  • White Proteins from Green Leaves in Food Applications – a Literature Study
    Department of Plant Breeding White proteins from green leaves in food applications – A literature study Anna-Lovisa Nynäs Introductory paper at the Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science, 2018:1 Alnarp, Sweden 2018 White proteins from green leaves in food applications – A literature study Anna-Lovisa Nynäs Place of publication: Alnarp, Sweden Year of publication: 2018 Cover picture: Freeze-dried foams made from lucerne leaf protein. Photo: Anna- Lovisa Nynäs Title of series: Introductory paper at the Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science Number of part of series: 2018:1 Online publication: http://epsilon.slu.se Bibliografic reference: Nynäs, A.-L. (2018).White proteins from green leaves in food applications. A literature study. Alnarp: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. (Introductory paper at the Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science, 2018:1). Keywords: Leaf protein concentrate, RuBisCO, food structure, green biomass, food structure analysis Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Abstract This introductory paper examines the current understanding of how green leaves could be utilized as a food source, and the importance of proteins in food structures. Green leaves have long been considered as a possible protein source for sustainable food and feed production. Proteins in green leaves can be divided into a white and green protein fraction. The white protein fraction is mainly RuBisCO, or ribulose-1,5-bisfosfat-caroboxylase/oxygenase, which has been called the most abundant protein in the world, while the green fraction consists of chlorophyll related proteins. A selection of reported leaf protein extraction methods are presented in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Compositional and Functional Property Studies of the Leaf Products from Some Edible Vegetables Grown in Nigeria
    Nutritional, functional property and bioactive components of the leaf products from edible vegetables Propiedad nutritiva y funcional y componentes bioactivos de los productos de la hoja de vegetales comestibles Johnson Oluwasola AGBEDE 1 , Samuel Adebowale ADEYEYE 2 and Muyiwa ADEGBENRO 1 1Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria and 2Department of Animal Science, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author Received: 03/03/2012 First reviewing ending: 04/26/2012 First review received: 04/30/2012 Accepted: 05/03/2012 ABSTRACT Leaf meal, protein and residues were produced from fresh leaves of Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus viridis, Telfairia occidentalis, Vernonia amygdalina, Bidens pilosa, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Manihot spp and Basella alba L and characterized for their proximate composition and some bio-active components. The leaf protein concentrate (LPC) in addition were characterized for their functional properties while three LPC with the highest crude protein (CP) content were analyzed for their amino acid profile and compared with FAO recommended pattern. Leaf meals (LM) contained on the average 16.25% ash (8.47–23.97%; CV%: 32.30), 24.96% crude protein (11.85 – 33.87%; CV%: 30.40), 9.94% crude fat (CF) (6.34 – 17.41%; CV%: 33.95) and 12.22% crude fibre (CFi) (5.73–18.45%; CV%: 32.33). In LPC products, the CP increased by 17.49-41.98%, CF by 11.82-35.73% while Cfi decreased by 24.38 – 83.71%. About 45 g of LPC from Manihot spp, 69g from T.
    [Show full text]
  • Feed Ingredients and Fertilizers for Farmed Aquatic Animals
    ISSN 2070 -7010 FAO 540 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER 540 Feed ingredients and fertilizers for farmed aquatic animals Sources and composition Feed ingredients and fertilizers for farmed aquatic animals – Sources and composition and Sources – animals aquatic farmed for fertilizers and ingredients Feed The present technical paper presents an up-to-date overview of the major feed ingredient sources and feed additives commonly used within industrially compounded aquafeeds, including feed ingredient sources commonly used within farm-made aquafeeds, and major fertilizers and manures used in aquaculture for live food production. Information is provided concerning the proximate and essential amino acid composition of common feed ingredient sources, as well as recommended quality criteria and relative nutritional merits and limitations, together with a bibliography of published feeding studies for major feed ingredient sources by cultured species. The main body of the document deals with the nutritional composition and usage of major feed ingredient sources in compound aquafeeds, as well as the use of fertilizers and manures in aquaculture operations. Major feed ingredient and fertilizer groupings discussed include: animal protein sources, plant protein sources, single cell protein sources, lipid sources, other plant ingredients, feed additives, and fertilizers and manures. The concluding section of the document undertakes a comparative analysis of the essential amino acid profiles of the major reported feed ingredient sources for cultured finfish and crustaceans, and presents average reported dietary inclusion levels of major feed ingredient sources used within practical feeds, including their major attributes and limitations. Finally, the importance of feed safety, traceability, and use of good feed manufacturing practices is stressed, together with the importance of considering the long-term sustainability of feed ingredient supplies.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants: the Potential for Extracting Protein, Medicines, and Other Useful Chemicals
    Plants: The Potential for Extracting Protein, Medicines, and Other Useful Chemicals September 1983 NTIS order #PB84-114743 Recommended Citation: Plants: The Potentials for Extracting Protein, Medicines, and Other Useful Chemicals–Workshop Proceedings (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Tech- nology Assessment, OTA-BP-F-23, September 1983). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-600588 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Preface The Workshop Proceeding, Plants: The Potentials for Extracting Protein, Med- icines, and Other Useful Chemicals, was prepared in response to a request from the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry that OTA examine technological opportunities for commercially developing plant extracts. The pro- ceeding describes some opportunities and constraints of commercially develop- ing plant extracts, examples of some work being done in this field, and workshop participants’ conclusions and recommendations concerning the Government’s role in the area. Ten technical papers and four overview papers are included in the proceeding. Developing new crops or plant products offers a wide range of potential benefits to the United States and developing countries. Crop diversification and new prod- uct development in the United States may substitute domestically produced goods for petroleum and other imports (including strategic and essential industrial materials); provide useful new consumer products; increase productive use of land resources, especially in marginal farming areas; generate employment in areas of underemployment or unemployment; and provide plant-derived biocides that cause little long-term ecological damage as alternatives to certain synthetic pesticides. In developing countries, new crops or new plant-derived products may help stim- ulate cottage industries, increase local and national self-sufficiency, and perhaps provide new export industries.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Amino Acid and Functional Properties of Leaf Protein Concentrate Based Weaning Food
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(5): 292-295 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Studies on amino acid and functional properties of leaf JPP 2017; 6(5): 292-295 Received: 07-07-2017 protein concentrate based weaning food Accepted: 08-08-2017 Meda RN Meda RN, Kshirsagar RB, Sawate AR and Patil BM Department of Food Engineering, College of Food Technology, Abstract Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) was extracted from the leaves of Amaranths hybridus, Moringa oleifera Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, and Leucaena leucocephala and was mixed at the proportion of 1:1:1. Then LPC mix was mixed with Maharashtra, India. weaning food prepared. 2 per cent LPC was added to the prepared weaning food sample. The prepared sample was assessed for amino acid and functional properties. The prepared sample had 16-17 percent Kshirsagar RB protein. Protein is a food component that has functional properties that affect the properties of food Department of Food products. Thus, this research was aimed to study amino acid profile and functional properties of the Engineering, College of Food Technology, prepared weaning food sample to determine the quality of the weaning food. Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Keywords: LPC, Weaning food, Amino acid, functional properties and Rheological properties. Maharashtra, India. 1. Introduction Sawate AR The weaning period is a crucial period in an infant's life. At the age of 5–6 months, most Department of Food infants begin to eat supplementary semisolid foods. At this stage homogenized infant foods Engineering, [13] College of Food Technology, play a major role in their nutrition (Martinez et al.
    [Show full text]