WO 2015/038796 A2 19 March 2015 (19.03.2015) P O P C T
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Hemoglobin Variants: Biochemical Properties and Clinical Correlates
Downloaded from http://perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org/ on September 29, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Hemoglobin Variants: Biochemical Properties and Clinical Correlates Christopher S. Thom1,2, Claire F. Dickson3, David A. Gell3, and Mitchell J. Weiss2 1Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 2Hematology Department, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 3Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia Correspondence: [email protected] Diseases affecting hemoglobin synthesis and function are extremely common worldwide. More than 1000 naturally occurring human hemoglobin variants with single amino acid substitutions throughout the molecule have been discovered, mainly through their clinical and/or laboratory manifestations. These variants alter hemoglobin structure and biochem- ical properties with physiological effects ranging from insignificant to severe. Studies of these mutations in patients and in the laboratory have produced a wealth of information on he- moglobin biochemistry and biology with significant implications for hematology practice. More generally, landmark studies of hemoglobin performed over the past 60 years have established important paradigms for the disciplines of structural biology, genetics, biochem- istry, and medicine. Here we review the major classes of hemoglobin variants, emphasizing general concepts and illustrative examples. lobin gene mutations affecting hemoglobin stitutions, antitermination mutations, and al- G(Hb), the major blood oxygen (O2) carrier, tered posttranslational processing (Table 1). are common, affecting an estimated 7% of the Naturally occurring Hb mutations cause a world’s population (Weatherall and Clegg 2001; range of biochemical abnormalities, some of Kohne 2011). These mutations are broadly sub- which produce clinically significant symptoms. -
Hemoglobinopathies: Clinical & Hematologic Features And
Hemoglobinopathies: Clinical & Hematologic Features and Molecular Basis Abdullah Kutlar, MD Professor of Medicine Director, Sickle Cell Center Georgia Health Sciences University Types of Normal Human Hemoglobins ADULT FETAL Hb A ( 2 2) 96-98% 15-20% Hb A2 ( 2 2) 2.5-3.5% undetectable Hb F ( 2 2) < 1.0% 80-85% Embryonic Hbs: Hb Gower-1 ( 2 2) Hb Gower-2 ( 2 2) Hb Portland-1( 2 2) Hemoglobinopathies . Qualitative – Hb Variants (missense mutations) Hb S, C, E, others . Quantitative – Thalassemias Decrease or absence of production of one or more globin chains Functional Properties of Hemoglobin Variants . Increased O2 affinity . Decreased O2 affinity . Unstable variants . Methemoglobinemia Clinical Outcomes of Substitutions at Particular Sites on the Hb Molecule . On the surface: Sickle Hb . Near the Heme Pocket: Hemolytic anemia (Heinz bodies) Methemoglobinemia (cyanosis) . Interchain contacts: 1 1 contact: unstable Hbs 1 2 contact: High O2 affinity: erythrocytosis Low O2 affinity: anemia Clinically Significant Hb Variants . Altered physical/chemical properties: Hb S (deoxyhemoglobin S polymerization): sickle syndromes Hb C (crystallization): hemolytic anemia; microcytosis . Unstable Hb Variants: Congenital Heinz body hemolytic anemia (N=141) . Variants with altered Oxygen affinity High affinity variants: erythrocytosis (N=93) Low affinity variants: anemia, cyanosis (N=65) . M-Hemoglobins Methemoglobinemia, cyanosis (N=9) . Variants causing a thalassemic phenotype (N=51) -thalassemia Hb Lepore ( ) fusion Aberrant RNA processing (Hb E, Hb Knossos, Hb Malay) Hyperunstable globins (Hb Geneva, Hb Westdale, etc.) -thalassemia Chain termination mutants (Hb Constant Spring) Hyperunstable variants (Hb Quong Sze) Modified and updated from Bunn & Forget: Hemoglobin: Molecular, Genetic, and Clinical Aspects. WB Saunders, 1986. -
The Evolution of Hemoglobin. by Ross Hardison
American Scientist March-April 1999 v87 i2 p126(1) Page 1 the evolution of hemoglobin. by Ross Hardison A comparative study of hemoglobin was conducted to explain how an ancestral single-function molecule gave rise to descending molecules with varied functions. Hemoglobin is the molecule in red blood cells responsible for giving blood its color and for carrying oxygen throughout the body. New functions of metallo-porphyrin rings or a kind of molecular cage embedded in proteins were developed with the appearance of atmospheric oxygen. The presence of hemoglobin in both oxygen-needing and non-oxygen needing organisms suggests the same evolutionary roots. © COPYRIGHT 1999 Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research If similar compounds are used in all of these reactions, Society then how do the different functions arise? The answer lies in the specific structure of the organic component, most Studies of a very ancient protein suggest that changes in often a protein, that houses the porphyrin ring. The gene regulation are an important part of the evolutionary configuration of each protein determines what biochemical story service the protein will perform. The appearance of atmospheric oxygen on earth between Because they have such an ancient lineage, the one and two billion years ago was a dramatic and, for the porphyrin-containing molecules provide scientists with a primitive single-celled creatures then living on earth, a rare opportunity to follow the creation of new biological potentially traumatic event. On the one hand, oxygen was compounds from existing ones. That is, how does an toxic. On the other hand, oxygen presented opportunities ancestral molecule with a single function give rise to to improve the process of metabolism, increasing the descendant molecules with varied functions? In my efficiency of life’s energy-generating systems. -
Phd Thesis Tjaard Pijning
University of Groningen Divergent or just different Rozeboom, Henriette IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2014 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Rozeboom, H. (2014). Divergent or just different: Structural studies on six different enzymes. [S.n.]. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 29-09-2021 Divergent or just different Structural studies on six different enzymes Henriëtte Rozeboom Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede The research presented in this thesis was carried out in the Protein Crystallography group at the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute. -
Impact of Heterozygous Hemoglobin E on Six Commercial Methods for Hemoglobin A1c Measurement
Impact of heterozygous hemoglobin E on six commercial methods for hemoglobin A1c measurement Sharon Yong1, Hong Liu1, Cindy Lye Teng Lum2, Qian Liu2, Sin Ye Sim3, Felicia Fu Mun Chay3, Wan Ling Cheng4, Siew Fong Neo4, Suru Chew4, Lizhen Ong4, Tze Ping Loh4, Qinde Liu1, Tang Lin Teo1 and Sunil Kumar Sethi4 1 Chemical Metrology Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Singapore 2 Department of Pathology, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore ABSTRACT Background: This study examined the impact of heterozygous HbE on HbA1c measurements by six commonly used commercial methods. The results were compared with those from a modified isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) reference laboratory method on a liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Methods: Twenty-three leftover samples of patients with heterozygous HbE (HbA1c range: 5.4–11.6%), and nineteen samples with normal hemoglobin (HbA1c range: 5.0–13.7%) were included. The selected commercial methods included the Tina-quant HbA1c Gen. 3 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), Cobas B 101 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), D100 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), Variant II Turbo HbA1c 2.0 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), DCA Vantage (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and HbA1c Advanced (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA). Results: With the exception of Cobas B 101 and the Variant II Turbo 2.0, the 95% confidence intervals of the Passing–Bablok regression lines between the results Submitted 25 September 2020 from the six commercial methods and the IDMS method overlapped. -
Families and the Structural Relatedness Among Globular Proteins
Protein Science (1993), 2, 884-899. Cambridge University Press. Printed in the USA. Copyright 0 1993 The Protein Society -~~ ~~~~ ~ Families and the structural relatedness among globular proteins DAVID P. YEE AND KEN A. DILL Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California94143-1204 (RECEIVEDJanuary 6, 1993; REVISEDMANUSCRIPT RECEIVED February 18, 1993) Abstract Protein structures come in families. Are families “closely knit” or “loosely knit” entities? We describe a mea- sure of relatedness among polymer conformations. Based on weighted distance maps, this measure differs from existing measures mainly in two respects: (1) it is computationally fast, and (2) it can compare any two proteins, regardless of their relative chain lengths or degree of similarity. It does not require finding relative alignments. The measure is used here to determine the dissimilarities between all 12,403 possible pairs of 158 diverse protein structures from the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank (PDB). Combined with minimal spanning trees and hier- archical clustering methods,this measure is used to define structural families. It is also useful for rapidly searching a dataset of protein structures for specific substructural motifs.By using an analogy to distributions of Euclid- ean distances, we find that protein families are not tightly knit entities. Keywords: protein family; relatedness; structural comparison; substructure searches Pioneering work over the past 20 years has shown that positions after superposition. RMS is a useful distance proteins fall into families of related structures (Levitt & metric for comparingstructures that arenearly identical: Chothia, 1976; Richardson, 1981; Richardson & Richard- for example, when refining or comparing structures ob- son, 1989; Chothia & Finkelstein, 1990). -
Physiology & Biophysics
DEPARTMENTAL RESOURCES The Department of Physiology & Biophysics plays a unique role in biological research. It is in effect a conduit through which the powerful techniques and tools of the physical sciences are brought to bear on significant problems of biological importance. The range of problems being addressed in the Department runs the gamut from understanding functionally important atomic scale motions of proteins to characterizing complex behavior on the cellular through organelle level. The tools being used to pursue these cutting edge problems include state of the art instrumentation for magnetic resonance, laser and synchrotron radiation spectroscopies as well as extensive computer modeling. The strength of the Department stems not only from the significant problems that are being aggressively addressed by the departmental faculty, but also from the resources and the collaborative spirit with the department. The Department houses several world class spectroscopy facilities: Biomolecular Laser Research Center (BLRC) The BLRC is composed of three interrelated laser oriented facilities. The laser spectroscopy facility (LSF) contains an extensive array of state-of-the-art laser spectroscopic tools devoted to studying structure, function and dynamics in isolated biomolecules. The laser imaging and microscopy facility (L1MF) focuses on interfacing laser spectroscopy with microscopy to study complex systems at the molecular level. The third facility, devoted to laser based diagnostic tools for clinical applications, is still in the development stage. Pulsed EPR Facility The EPR facility consists of a number of state-of-the-art spectrometers that have been constructed at Einstein. Both theoretical work and experiments are being carried out to define the structure of metal binding sites in metalloproteins and to determine the orientation and distance of substrates to metal centers at active sites of metalloenzymes. -
Your Baby Has Hemoglobin E Or Hemoglobin O Trait for Parents
NEW HAMPSHIRE NEWBORN SCREENING PROGRAM Your Baby Has Hemoglobin E or Hemoglobin O Trait For Parents All infants born in New Hampshire are screened for a panel of conditions at birth. A small amount of blood was collected from your baby’s heel and sent to the laboratory for testing. One of the tests looked at the hemoglobin in your baby’s blood. Your baby’s test found that your baby has either hemoglobin E trait or hemoglobin O trait. The newborn screen- ing test cannot tell the difference between hemoglobin E and hemoglobin O so we do not know which one your baby has. Both hemoglobin E trait and hemoglobin O trait are common and do not cause health problems. Hemoglobin E trait and hemoglobin O trait will never develop to disease. What is hemoglobin? Hemoglobin is the part of the blood that carries oxygen to all parts of the body. There are different types of hemoglobin. The type of hemoglobin we have is determined from genes that we inherit from our parents. Genes are the instructions for how our body develops and functions. We have two copies of each gene; one copy is inherited from our mother in the egg and one copy is inherited from our father in the sperm. What are hemoglobin E trait and hemoglobin O trait? The normal, and most common, type of hemoglobin is called hemoglobin A. Hemoglobin E trait is when a baby inherited one gene for hemoglobin A from one parent and one gene for hemoglobin E from the other parent. -
Genetic Modifiers at the Crossroads of Personalised Medicine for Haemoglobinopathies
Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Genetic Modifiers at the Crossroads of Personalised Medicine for Haemoglobinopathies Coralea Stephanou, Stella Tamana , Anna Minaidou, Panayiota Papasavva, , , Marina Kleanthous * y and Petros Kountouris * y Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; [email protected] (C.S.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (P.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (P.K.); Tel.:+357-2239-2652 (M.K.); +357-2239-2623 (P.K.) Equal contribution; Joint last authorship. y Received: 20 September 2019; Accepted: 5 November 2019; Published: 9 November 2019 Abstract: Haemoglobinopathies are common monogenic disorders with diverse clinical manifestations, partly attributed to the influence of modifier genes. Recent years have seen enormous growth in the amount of genetic data, instigating the need for ranking methods to identify candidate genes with strong modifying effects. Here, we present the first evidence-based gene ranking metric (IthaScore) for haemoglobinopathy-specific phenotypes by utilising curated data in the IthaGenes database. IthaScore successfully reflects current knowledge for well-established disease modifiers, while it can be dynamically updated with emerging evidence. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and functional enrichment analysis were employed to identify new potential disease modifiers and to evaluate the biological profiles of selected phenotypes. The most relevant gene ontology (GO) and pathway gene annotations for (a) haemoglobin (Hb) F levels/Hb F response to hydroxyurea included urea cycle, arginine metabolism and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signalling, (b) response to iron chelators included xenobiotic metabolism and glucuronidation, and (c) stroke included cytokine signalling and inflammatory reactions. -
Regulation and Function of Hemoglobin in Barley Aleurone Tissue
Regulation and function of hemoglobin in barley aleurone tissue A thesis Subrritted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies The University of Manitoba by Xianzhou Nie In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirernent of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Plant Science September 1 997 National Library Bibliothèque nationale i+lof Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliagraphic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, nie Wellington Otfawa ON KiA ON4 -ON KlAON4 Canada Canada Yournb Votm &w>a Our &? Nom nlhirence The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic fomats . la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts korn it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. FACULTY OF GUDUATE STUDES **a** COPYRIGHT PERiWSSION PAGE A TbesidPracticum submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fuliillment of the requirements of the degree of Xianzhou Nie 1997 (c) Permission has been granted to the Libnry of The University of Manitoba to lend or sel1 copies of this thesidpracticum, to the National Library of Canada to microfilm this thesis and to lend or seil copies of the film, rad to Dissertations Abstncts International to publisb an abstract of this thesidpracticum. -
Hemoglobin C Harlem Or Hemoglobin O Arab Trait- for Physicians
New Hampshire Newborn Screening Program Hemoglobin C harlem or hemoglobin O arab Trait- For Physicians As part of routine newborn screening all babies are tested for sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies. Screening of all specimens is done by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Results are then confirmed by IEF and citrate agar electrophoresis. Your patient has tested positive for hemoglobin C harlem trait or hemoglobin O arab trait. Our testing methods are unable to distinguish between hemoglobin C harlem, hemoglobin O arab and other variants that migrate in the same region. Although there is no immediate clinical significance, this information is important for future reproductive decisions of the child and other family members. Possible Newborn Screening Results: Hemoglobin F Fetal hemoglobin, present in declining amounts until 6 months after birth A Normal adult hemoglobin B Hemoglobin Bart’s H Hemoglobin C Harlem or Hemoglobin O arab FA: Normal newborn hemoglobin pattern FAH: Hemoglobin C Harlem trait OR hemoglobin O arab trait FACB: Hemoglobin C trait with Hemoglobin Bart’s (see separate Hemoglobin Bart’s information sheet) Follow Up Recommendations: Newborn screening cannot make a distinction between Hemoglobin C Harlem and O arab. The baby should have a CBC and hemoglobin electrophoresis to verify the NBS results and to help distinguish between hemoglobin C harlem trait and hemoglobin O arab trait. The testing can be performed anytime after fetal hemoglobin levels normalize, which occurs at approximately 6 months of age. The family should be offered genetic counseling for parental testing to assess the risk to future pregnancies and to discuss the inheritance of Hemoglobin C. -
Implication of Globin Gene Expression, Hemoglobin F and Hemoglobin E Levels on Β-Thalassemia/Hb E Disease Severity
Available online at www.aNNclinlabsci.org Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, vol. 44, no. 4, 2014 437 Implication of Globin Gene Expression, Hemoglobin F and Hemoglobin E Levels on β-Thalassemia/Hb E Disease Severity Suwimol Siriworadechkul1, Sumalee Jindadamrongwech1, SuporN Chuncharunee2, and Saranya Aupparakkitanon1 1Department of Pathology and 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. One of the factors affecting the degree of severity in β-thalassemia disease is the presence of un- matched α-hemoglobin chains. Thus, the expression levels of globin genes in reticulocytes of β-thalassemia subjects were measured using quantitative RT-PCR, demonstrating that α/β globin mRNA ratio, as well as levels of γ-globin mRNA and Hb F, increased with progressing degree of β globin synthesis defect. The levels of γ-globin mRNA and Hb F could not be directly correlated with severity of β-thalassemia/Hb E disease due to a low statistical power of this analysis. Higher levels of Hb E were present, however, in clini- cally mild patients, as compared to moderately severe β-thalassemia/Hb E subjects. This suggests that in β-thalassemia/Hb E disease, elevation of Hb E level through enhancing correctly spliced βE-globin mRNA offers another approach in ameliorating disease severity. In addition, co-inheritance of α-thalassemia 2 trait in β-thalassemia/Hb E subjects was associated with milder outcome compared with those with the same β-thalassemia genotypes, confirming the notion of the beneficial effect of a more balanced α:β-globin chain ratio. Key words: Globin gene expression, Hemoglobin E, Hemoglobin F, β-thalassemia, modifying factor.