REPORT O}' THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL 27 June 1965- 29 June 1964

GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RE<:ORDS : NINETEENTH SESSION SUPPLEMENT No• .4 (AI 5804)

( 41 p.) UNITED NATIONS

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

27 June 1963-29 June 1964

GENERAL ASSEM\BLY

OFFICIAL RECORDS : NINETEENTH SESSION

SUPPLEMENT No. 4 (A/5804)

UNITED NATIONS New York, 1964 - ~-~------

NOTE

Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. CONTENTS Pag, Part I. Organization and activities of the Truateeship Councll Chapt" I. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNCIL A. Membership 1 B. Officers 1 C. Sessions and meetings 1 D. Procedure 1 E. Relations with the Security Council 1 F. Relations with the specialized agencies 1

H. EXAMINATION OF ANNUAL REPORTS...... 2

HI. EXAMINATION OF PETITIONS •••••••••••••••.•••••.••••••••••••• 3

IV. VISITS TO TRUST TERRITORIES A. United Nations Visiting Mission to the Trust Territory of th~ Pacific Islands, 1964 4 B. United Nations Visiting Mission to the Trust Territories of Nauru and New Guinea, 1965 4

V. ATTAINMENT OF SELF-GOVERMENT OR INDEPENDENCE BY THE TRUST TERRITORIES AND THE SITUATION IN TRUST TERRITORIES WITH REGARD TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING OF INDEPENDENCE TO COLONIAL COUNTRIES AND PEOPl.ES ...••....• 5

VI. OTHER QUESTIONS CONSIDERED BY THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL A. Offers by Member States of study and training facilities for inhabitants of Trust Territories 6 B. Dissemination of information on the United Nations and the International Trusteeship System in Trust Territories 6

Part D. Conditionl in Trult Territories Chapter I. NEW GUINEA ...... •.••.••..•.•••••.•••••••.••••.••• 7

II. NAURU •••••.•••••.•••••.•••.•••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24

MAPS •••••.•••••.•••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 35-36

Hi

Part I ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

Chapter I ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNCIL

A. Membership Thirty-first session (1225th to 1243rd meetings), 20 May to 29 June 1964. All meetings took piace at the 1. The composition of the Council on 1 January United Nations Headquarters, New York. 1964, was as follows: Members administering Trust Territories D. Procedure Australia New Zealand 4. No change affecting procedure was made by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Council in the period under review. Ireland United States of America E. Relations with the Security Council Members mentioned by name in Article 23 of the Char­ ter and not administering Trust Territories 5. In accordance with Article 83 of the Charter, China with the resolution adopted by the Security Council at France its 415th meeting on 7 March 1949, and with its own Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resolution 46 (IV) oi 24 March 1949, the Trusteeship Council continued to perform those functions of the Member elected by the General Assembly United Nations under the Trusteeship System relating Dafe of re:irnfSnlf to the political, economic, social and educational matters Liberia •...•.....•....•...... ,...... 31 December 1965 in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and sub­ mitted a report thereon to the Security Council.1 B. Officers F. Relations with the specialized agencies 2. Mr. Frank H. Corner (New Zealand) and Mr. Rene Doise (France) were elected President and Vice­ President respectively, at the beginning of the thirty­ 6. Representatives of the International Labour first session on 20 May 1964. Organisatio:l, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the World Health Organization participated in the work of the C. Sessions and meetings Council as occasion required. 3. The Council held the following meetings during 1 Official Records of the Security Council, Nineteenth Yea,., the period covered by this report: Special Supplement No. 1 (S/5783).

1 Chapter IT EXAMINATION OF ANNUAL REPORTS

7. The Council had before it the annual reports of the Administering Au­ thorities on the following Trust Territories:

Note of th. Date of receipt Secretary-Getleral Admi"isteri'lg Year cOllered of report by tile Iratlsmitting the Trust Territor:l' Authority by tile report Secretary-General report

Nauru ...••••• Australia Year ended 14 April 1964 T/1619 30June 1963 New Guinea '" Australia Year ended 12 May 1964 T/1621 30 June 1963 Trust Territory Year ended 18 May 1964 T/1624 of the Pacific 30 June 1963 ISlands United ,tates of America

>-- 8. Further details concerning the procedural aspects of the examination of the annual reports are given below:

Meetings at wllich the Name of tile special antlual refort was TnISt Territory representatllle examltled

New Guinea ....•••.•. Mr. G. W. Toogood 1225th-1228th, 1230th, 1231st Mr. J. W. Magan (Adviser) 1239th Mr. Tau Boga (AdViser) Nauru .•..•••.•.••.••. Mr. R. Marsh 1232nd-1238th, 1242nd Councillor A. Bernicke (Adviser)

2 Chapter HI EXAMINATION OF PETITIONS

9. There were no petitions concerning Nauru or New Guinea before the Council. Three petitions circulated under rule 85, paragraph 2, of the rules of procedure, concerning the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands are referred to in the Council's report to the Security Council.l

10fficial Records of the Security Council, Nineteenth Year, Special Supplement No. 1 (S/5783).

3 Chapter IV

VISITS TO TRUST TERRITORIES

A. Unitet.{ Nations Visiting Mission to the Trust conditions in the Tn'st Territory, as well as the text Territl.lry of the Pacific Islanda, 1964 of resolution 2141 0 XXI) adopted by the Council on 23 June 1964, are to be found in the Council's report 10. At it£ thirtieth session, the Council adopted to the Security Counci1.2 :e<:Glution 21.<3 (XXX) on 24 June 1963, by which 1pointed a periodic visiting mission to the Trust B. United Nations Visiting Mission to the ..: :'~'itr,y~ of the Pacific Islands in 1964, to be compo~ed Trust Ter:titories of Nauru and New Guinea, L1! Mr. Frank H. Corner (New Zealand) Chairman; 1965 Mr:. C~iping H. C. Kiang (China), Miss Angie Brooks (LlDena) and Mr. Cecil E. King, C.1LG. (United 13. At the 1241st meeting of the Council, the Gov­ ernments of France. Liberia, the United Kingdom of Kingdom). The resolution set forth the terms of ref­ ~orthem erence .of the Visiting Mission, according to which it Great Britain and Ireland and the United was directed by the Council (1) to investigate and States of America were invited to submit nominations report as full:' as possible on the steps taken in the for membership of the United Nations Visiting Mission Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands towards the reali­ to the Trust Territories of Nauru and New Guinea zation of the objectives set forth in Article 76 b of the in 1965. Cha~ter of the Unit~d Nations, and to pay special at­ 14. At its following meeting, on 24 June 1964, the tentIon to the questIon of the future of the Territorv Council adopted resolution 2142 (XXXI) setting forth in the light of the relevant sections of the Charter and the terms of reference of the Visiting Mission. In this t~e Trusteeship Agreement~ bearing in mil1d the provi­ resolution, the Council directed the Visiting Mission sions of relevant Trusteeship Council and General As­ (1) to investigate and report as fully as possible on sembly resolutions, including resolution 1514 (XV) of the steps taken in the Trust Territories of Nauru and 14 December 1960; (2) to give attention, as might be New Guinea towards the realization of the objectives appropriate in the light of discussions in the Trustee­ set forth in Article 76 b of the Charter of the United sh!p CO~IDcil and ?f resolutions adopted by it, to issues Nations, and to pay special attention to the question of raIsed ID connexlOn with the annual reports on the the fnture of the two Territories, including the wishes administration of the Territory, in the petitions received of the Nauruan community regarding its future, in the by the Council concerning the Territory, in the reports light of the relevant sections of the Charter and the o~ the previ~)Us periodic visiting missions to the Ter­ Trusteeship Agreements, bearing in mind the provisions rItory ~nd ID the observations of the Administering of relevant Trusteeship Council and General Assembly Authonty on those reports; (3) to receive petitions, resolutions. including resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 De­ without prejudice to its acting in accordance with the cember 1960; and resolution 1541 (XV) of 15 Decem­ rules of procedure of the Council, and to investigate ber 1960; (2) to give attention, as may be appropriate on the spot such of the petitions received as, in its in the light of discussions in the Trusteeship Council opinion, warranted special investigation. Finally, the and of resolutions adopted by it, to issues raised ill con­ Council requested the Visiting Mission to submit to nexion with the annual reports on the administration of the Council, as soon as practicable. a report on its visit the Trust Territories, in the petitions received by the to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands containing Council concerning Nauru and New Guinea, in the its findings, with such observations, conclusions and reports of previous visiting missions and the Adminis­ recommendations as it might wish to make. tering Authority's observations on those reports; (3) to receive petitions, without prejudice to its acting in 11. Before its departure for the Trust Territory, accordance with the rules of procedure of the Council, the Mission visited Washington, D. c., on 30 and 31 and to investigate on the spot such of the petitions re­ January 1964, for preliminary discussions with rep·· ceived as, in its opinion, warrant special investigation. resentatives of the Departments of State and of the In­ Finally, the Council requested the Visiting Mission to terior on recent political and economic developments submit to the Council as soon as practicable separate in the Trust Territory and, in particular. to obtain an reports on the Trust Territories of Nauru and New indication of the views of the Administering Authority Guinea containing its findings, with such observations, as to the future of the Territory. The Mission was re­ conc1usion5 and recommendations as it might wish to ceived by the Secretaries of State and of the Interior. make. It left New York for the Trust Territory on 4 Feb­ J~!1e ruary and returned on 16 March 1964. 15. At its 1243rd meeting on 29 1964, the Council approved the nominations of Mr. Jacques Tine 12. The report of the Mission! was examined by (France) and Mr. Cecil E. King (United Kingdom) the Council in conjunction with the annual report of and decided that the remaining nominations would be t~e Administering Authority. The principal observa­ approved automatically when received. Mr. Jacques tIons and recommendations of the Visiting Mission on Tine was elected Chairman of the Visiting Mission. : Official Records of the Trustees1lip Council, Thirty-first Ses~ • Official Records of the Security Council, Nineteenth Year, .non, Supplement N(I. 2 (T/1628), document T/1620. Special Supplement No. 1 (5/5783), 4 Chapter V ATfAINMENT OF SELF.GOVERNMENT OR INDEPENDENCE BY THE TRUST TERRI­ TORIES AND THE SITUATION IN TRUST TERRITORIES WITH REGARD TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING OF INDEPEND­ E.~CE TO COI..ONIAL COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES

16. Uppermost in the minds of members of the Council to assist the Special Committee on the Si~ua­ Council throughout its examination of conditions in the tion with regard to the Implementation of the Decla­ three Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, Nauru ration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial and New Guinea, were the measures being taken to Countries and Peoples in its work. In accordance with transfer all powers to the peoples of those Territories, this request, the President of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with their freely expressed will and addressed a letter to the Chairman of the Special Com­ desire, in order to enable them to enjoy complete in­ ntittee informing him that at its thirty-first session the dependence <..r self-government within the shortest time Council had examined conditions in the Tn:.st Territo­ practicable. The pertinent conclusions and recommenda­ ries of the Pacific Islands, Nauru and New Guinea and tions of the Council, as well as the individual observa­ that the conClusions and recommendations of the tions of members of the Council, are contained in the Council, as well as the observations of members of the Council's report to the Security Council with respect Cocncil representing their individual opinions only, to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and in the were contained in the report to the Security Council relevant chapters on Nauru and New Guinea in its relating to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands report to the General Assembly. and .in the report to the General Assembly with regard to Nauru and New Guinea. He also expressed his 17. The General Assembly, in its resolutions 1654 willingness to discuss with the Chairman of t~le Special (XVI) of 27 November 1961, and 1810 (XVII) of 17 Committee any further assistance which the Special December 1962, requested, inter alia, the Trusteeship Committee might desire from the Trusteeship Council.

5 Chapter VI

OTHER QUESTIONS CONSIDERED BY THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

A. Offers by Member States of study and train­ B. Dissemination of information on the United ing facilities for inhabitants of Trust Ter­ Nations and the International Trusteeship ritories System in Trust Territories 18. Ulal~'r the procedure approved by the Council 21. In accordance with the terms of Trusteeship for the a,ltninistration of the United Nations pro­ Council resolution .36 (Ill) of 8 July 1948 and of gramme of scholarships for inhabitants of Trust Ter­ General Assembly ~csolution 754 (VIII) of 9 Decem­ ritodes, the Secretary-General submits an annual report ber 1953, the Sem:tarv-General submits an annual re­ to the Council containing all appropriate details of the port to the Trusteeship Council on the arrangements programme. The report submitted to the Council at undertaken in co-operation with the Administering its thirty-first session I waS the thirteenth such report Authorities for distrib!lting official records of the United and covered the period from 15 May 1963 to 14 May Nations and disseminating information concerning the 1964. During this period, as in previous years, accord­ aims and activities of the United Nations and the Inter­ ing to the information made available to the Secretary­ national Trusteeship System in the Trust Territories. General. no applications for scholarships offered by The report2 submitted t,) the Council at its thirty-first thirtt't'n l\It'mbtr States were received from any of the session covered the period from 1 June 1963 to 31 May three remaining Trust Tt'rritories. 1964. 19. The report of the Secretary-Gt'neral was con­ 22. The report was discussed at the 1237th meeting, sidered by the Council at its 1237th meeting. Both in at which the representative of the Union of Soviet the reply to tht' request of the Secretary-General, dated Socialist Republics expressed the opinion that in dis­ 24 January 1964. for information regarding the utiliza­ seminating information about the United Nations and tion of the ~cholarships offered by the Union of Soviet its activities in various fields throughout the three Trust Socialist Republics. as well as in the statement of the Territories priority should be given to the text of the representath'e of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Declaration on the granting of independence to colo­ at the 1237th meeting, dissatisfaction was expressed nial countries and peoples and to the activities of the that during the twelve years in which the United Na­ Special Committee of Twenty-Four. The representatives tions scholarship programme had been in existence ne of the United States of America and of Australia gave scholar.hip5 ho.d been used by inhabitants from any of thr~ full and detailed information regarding the dissemina­ the Trust Territories in the Pacific despite the tion in the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, New desire of the indigenous inhabitants to acquire 1-."11ow1­ Guinea and Nauru, respectively, of the above-mentioned edge and despite the need of the Trust Territories for Declaration as well as of information regarding all the trained personnel - a need which, to a certain extent, operations, decisions and debates of the United Nations could be satisfied by means of scholarships offered by through all the media of communication. Member States under the United Nations programme. 20. The Council took note of the report of the 23. The Council took note of the report of the Secretary-General and drew the attention of the Ad­ Secretary-General. ministering Authorities to the observations made.

1 Ibid.• Thirf).-first Stssion, Allntxes, agenda item 10, docu­ ment T/1622. I Ibid., agenda item H, document T/I623.

6 Part n CONDITIONS IN TRUST TERRITORmS

Chapter I

NEW GUINEA

I. GENERAL be accomplished before the people themselves would be ready to govern New Guinea, he was convinced of Outline of conditions and recommendations the Australian Government's determination to push adopted by the Trusteeship Council forward unflaggingly towards that goal. 29. The represe.ntative of France observed that, LAND AND PEOPLE despite the great diHiculties with which it was con­ 24. The Territory comprises the north-eastern part fronted, the Administering Authority was doggedly of the Island of New Guinea north of the Papuan and carrying out its plans for achieving the ultimate ob­ east of the West Irian borders, the islands of the Bis­ jective of trusteeship, self-determimtion by the people marck Archipelago, of which New Britain, New Ireland of New Guinea. and Manus are the largest, and the two northernmost 30. The representative of the Union of Soviet islands of the Solomon Group, namely Buka and Bou­ Socialist Republics said that Melanesia was one of the gainville. The total land area covers some 93,000 square last places in the world in which the colonial Po~rs, miles. ignoring world public opinion and the decisions of the 25. At 30 June 1963, the indigenous population General Assembly, including the Declaration of the was estimated to exceed 1,500,000 made up of an enu­ Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and merated population of 1,477,717 and an estimated one Peoples, persistently continued to endeavour to en­ of 22,940. At the census of 30 June 1961, the non­ trench themselves in their colonial positions. There were indigenous population numbered 15,536. variom: reasons behind these endeavours: both political 26. In its report for the year ending 30 June 1963, and economic interests were involved and a far from the Administering Authority stated that further pro­ minor role was played by considerations of a military gress had been made in bringing restricted areas under and strategic nature. In the two-thirds of Melanesia full control, but preoccupation of the field staff of the that was under Australian administration all the t~1Tee Department of Native Affairs with the compilation of motives were clearly discernible when Australia's policy the common roll and the complementary task of electoral with respect to Papua and New Guim:a was analysed. education in preparation for the first House of Assem­ 31. The representative of the United Kingdom of bly elections in February-March 1964, had prevented Great Britain and Northern Ireland said that in the the removal of restrictions from any more areas during course of a recent journey through the Territory he the year. had been impressed both by the enormous difficulties 27. The special representative of the Administer­ of communication and by the tremendous effort which ing Authority informed the Trusteeship Council at its the Administering Authority had made and was mak­ thirty-first session, however, that since 30 June 1963, ing to open up the country and provide it with the restrictions had been removed from 406 square miles er::onomic, social and political infrastructure and institu­ in the Eastern Highlands District and that work to tions without which it could not hope to be a nation. remove restrictions from all other areas was now pro­ Everywhere he went, he had seen evidence of the de­ ceeding well. At 31 March 1964, the remaining re­ velopment taking place and he had been conscious of stricted areas amounted to 3,702 square miles, mainly a sense of purpose and a co-ordinated effort to reach in the Sepik and \Vestern Highlands Districts. planned goals. He had been impressed also by the devotion of the Australian officials and the high regard which the New Guineans had for them. The atmosphere Observations of members of the Trusteeship of confidence in the Administering Authority was, he Council representing lheir individual opinions considered, one of the most encouraging aspects of only the situation in New Guinea.

28. The representative of the United States of DEFENCE AND SECURITY America said that his Government had observed with respect the achievements by the Administering Author­ 32. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ ity during the preceding years. He was confident that cia1i" ~epublics stated that in dealing with the situa­ the record would continue to be a good one and would tion. .L1 Papua and New Guinea one could not disregard grow constantly better. Although much remained to thl very important matter of the reciprocal relations 7 between those t~n itories and neighbouring territories progressive development of an executive responsible to and States, neither could one disregard the fact that the legislative organ. A further step in this direction, Papua and New Guinea had been drawn into the as reported by the Administering Authority, will be ANZUS bloc. The delegation of the USSR had already the appointment of parliamentary under-secretaries _dealt with this matter at the thirtieth session of the from among the d~cted members of the legislature to Trusteeship Council and it continued to hold the viE'W understudy the heads of Administration departments. that Australia had no justification, particularly juti­ ~. The 1963 Act further provided for the recon­ dical, for including the Trust Territory in this bloc, a stitution of the Legislative Council of thirty-seven mem­ bloc which had nothing in common with the interest5 of bers into a House of Assembly of sixty-four members, the inhabitants of Papua and New Guinea who wish~ nei~h­ fifty-four of whom would be elected on a common roll only to live in peace and friendship with their by adult suffrage. while the remaining ten would be bours. Despite the absence among- the indig-enous popula­ official members. Of the elective seats, forty-four would tion of any desire to be a part in the military pl&ns of be open to candidates of all races and ten would be Australia and the ANZUS bloc, the Administe7ing special seats reserved to non-indigenous inhabitants Authority had begun to put into effect a very broad of the Territory. programme of military preparations in the area. These preparations had begun on a particularly large scale 39. The elections to the House of Assembly took after the transfer of \Vest Irian to Indonesia. Accord­ place from 15 February to 18 March 1964. Voting was ing to a report in the South Pacific Post. thl' Australians by secret ballot and on an optional preferential system. h:l.d since April 1963 built about ten landing and take­ Out of a common roll of 1,029,192 electors, 69.8 per off runways for transport aircraft of th~ DC-3 and cent went to the polls and only one seat was un­ Hercules type in the more strategic points in the Ter­ contested. ritory and along the boundary with West Irian. The 40. At its thirtieth session, the Trusteeship Council, construction of these runways in Papua and New while noting- a statement by the Administering Au­ Guinea was brought into relationship with the airbase thority that the composition of the House of Assembly system that exists at present in the north of Australia. reflected the wishes of the indigenous inhabitants, hoped 33. Furthermore. at present the United States Air that progress towards a fully elected legislature would Force was practising aerial photography in Papua and take place as quickly as possible and in accordance with New Guinea, allegedly to prepare the demarcation of the desires of the New Guineans. It further hoped that the frontier with West lrian. the constitutional powers of disallowance would not be invoked against the wishes of the majority of the elected 34. These facts could not fail to give rise to con­ members of the House of Assembly. cern on the part of the Trusteeship Council and the United Nations inasmuch as the military preparations 41. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted presently under wav in Papua and New Guinea could the following conclusions and recommendations: only result in an increase of tension in the area in The Council notes ul'ith approval that, in accordance which the indigenous populai.=on of Papua and New with its previous recommendations to the Administering Guinea had no interest at all. Authority. a Hottse of Assembly has been established in 35. The representative of the Administering Au­ Papua and New Guinea. Bearing in mind the im­ thoritv said that it was quite true that the ANZUS portance of ensurin,q fair and equal treatment in the pact did apply to New Guinea but it was a defensive distribution of seats in the Assembly, the Council recom­ pact and as such, as the then Minister for Territories 111lends to the Adnu'nistering Authority, for considera­ had stated in 1962. it fell within the provisions of tion in conjunction with the Assembly, elimination of articles 4 and 7 of the Trusteeship Agreement. those clauses of the electoral ordinances which provide for official and special seats in the Assembly,. instead, the electoral ordinances should provide for the elution U. POLITICAL AnVANCEMENT of all candidates from a common roll. Outline of conditions and recommendations The Council considers the creation of this body a adopted by the Trusteeship Council significant slep in the political advancement of the peoples of the Territory and expresses the hope that DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND the Administering Authority will ensure as far as pos­ LEGISLATIVE ORGANS ANn EXTENSION OF THEIR POWERS sible the exercise of full and effective powers by the H ous.e of Assembly. It suggests that the Assembly be (a) Central Government organs encowraged to create a system of parliamentary com­ 36. The Trust Territory and the Territory of Papua mittees to aid its members in the study of problems and are administered jointly by an Administrator, who is to prepm-e legisla.tion in relation to matters affecting assisted by an Administrator's Council. Under the the Territory. Papua and New Guinea Act, 1963, this Council has The Council notes with satisfact1:on the reconstruc­ been enlarged from seven to eleven members by in­ tion of the Administrator's Council and the appoint­ creasing the number of non-official members from three ment to it of five indigenous elected members of the to seven, all of whom must be elected members of the House of Assembly. It hopes thl1J these ch

PUBLIC SERVICE: TRAININ<: AND APPOINTMENT OF IN­ Outline of conditions and recommendations DIGENOUS PERSONS FOR POSITIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY adopted hy the Trusteeship Council 90. The representative of the United States of GENERAL America said that one of the most important pro­ grammes of the Administering Authority was that which 98. While the economy remains to a large extent provided for increased utilization of the growing pool dependent on the production of copra and copra pro­ of educated New Guineans in the Public Service. The ducts, there has been an increasing diversification of new policy of offering limited contracts to non-indi­ activities. This can be seen in the changing pattern of genous overseers and the establishment of an Admin­ exports-82 per cent of which consists of agricultural istrative College to train a greater number of New products-especially in the increase of cocoa and cof­ Guineans for positions of responsibility were highly fee, in the growing volume and range of manufactured reassuring developments. products, in the development taking place in building and constrl;lction, ~ommerce, communications, transport 91. The representative of France considered that and financIal servIces, and in the greater demand for i:he establishment of an Administrative College was an different types of imports. important development. He hoped that the legislation enacted in 1963 would make it possible for the Admin­ 99. New Guineans now produce slightly more than istering Authority to move gradually towards a civil one-third each of the copra and cocoa and about two­ service composed in its majority of indigenous people. fifths of the coffee grown in the Territory. During 92. The representative of the Union of SovIet So­ 1962-1963, exports of cocoa beans increased from 9902 cialist Republics observed that all important posts in tons to 13,942 tons, and coffee beans from 3,409 tons the Administration were held by Australians. to 4,838 tons, of which 2,305 tons came from indigenous producers. In addition, there was an increase in the 93. The representative of China welcomed the new production of peanuts, rice and tea and, in the High­ Public Service Ordinance providing for integration of lands, indigenous farmers have about 500 acres of the Public Service, as well as the establishment of an pyrethrum already in production. The special rep­ Administrative College and the discontinuance of per­ resentative of the Administering Authority told the manent appointments for most new expatriate offices. Trusteeship Council at its thirty-first session that it He suggested that the unification of the Service could was the constant aim of the Administration to increase be further advanced by having New Guineans partici­ the proportion of all those products produced by in­ pate fully in the administration of the Service and in digenous people. As an example of the progress towards the direction of training programmes. this objective, he said that about 60 per cent of the 94. The representative of China also expressed his coffee now planted is indigenously owned. gratification of the final establishment of a direct line 100. He added that, after years of experimentation of responsibility from the Administrator down to the and investigation, the Administering Authority now patrol officers as a result of the abolition of the Depart­ regarded the development of the cattle industry as of­ ment of Native Affairs. fering one of the brightest hopes for the future. As part 95. The representative of Liberia noted that the o~ carefully planned Administratjl"''l programmes, in­ number of employees from the indigenous population digenous cattle production was expanding. An abattoir was rather small compared with the total number of had been established at Lae capable of handling big expatriate persons. The lack of training of inc':genous increases in production. personnel for skilled jobs barred them from employ­ ment in the First Division of the Public Service, where 101. The special representative further informed appointments are made on a competitive basis, as against the Council that the results of long-term planning were British subjects and Australians. She stated that in the becoming apparent in the field of agricultural training. Second Division there was a total of only 17 indigenous During 1%3, the first group of eight New Guinean officers and that it was only at the lowest level that stuaents graduated from the Popondetta Agricultural the indigenous population could be employed. She be­ Training Institute as assistant agrkultural officers. The lieved that the Administering Authority should place new Agricultural College at Vudal will be in operation emphasis on the rapid training of indigenous technical by March 1965 and will provide a three-year profes­ and civil cadres with a view to a rapid development of sional course. In addition, 851 farmer trainees were indigenous persons for effective participation in the undergoing courses at agricult'lral stations and exten­ Public Service. sion centres throughout the Territory at the end of December 1963. JUDICIARY 102. In order to meet the greatly increased ex­ 96. The representative of the United States of penditures on purchases of capital equipment and build­ America noted that, while steps had been taken to re­ ing materials for public works, on providing the basic place Native Courts with courts having jurisdiction economic facilities that are essential to the expansion over all races, at the same time a proper regard for in­ of productive capacity, such as power stations, water digenous customs was ensured in the administration supplies, roads, aerodromes, wharfs, transport and of justice. marketing services, and on the detailed investigation of 97. The representative of France noted with interest the Territory's physical resources, there has been a the new ordinance replacing the Courts of Native Af~ correspondingly increased annual grant from the Aus- 13 tralian Government. Local revenue and loans provided LAND abot'.t one third of the total required for expenditure by the Territorial Administration. The grants made by 107. Lands in the Territory are classified as (a) the Administering Authority to supplement local re­ native-owned; (b) freehold; (c) Administration land, venue rose from £9,281,595 in 1960-1961, to £12,136,151 including land leased to indigenous and non-indigenous in 1962-1963. In addition to the grant about £3,400,000 inhabitants; and (d) ownlrless land. Provisions to pro­ was soeat in the Territory by the Australian Govern­ tect the ownership rights of the indigenous people and ment ~n essential works and services (including avia­ to regulate dealings in land are included in all the land tion) for which the Administration was not directly laws of the Territory. responsible. The special representative informed ~he 108. The Administering Authority states that it is Council at its thirty-first session that the Austrahan aware that customary forms of land tenure do not pro­ grant to Papua and New Guinea for 1963-1964 was vide a satisfactory basis for economic development. £25.25 million, an increase of £5.25 million over the Close study has therefore been given to measures which preceding year. will give the greatest possible opportunity for land de­ velopment by the indigenous people consistent with 103. As well as making a considerable contribution respect for their wishes in relation to their land customs. to future development, these expenditures by the ~d­ ministering Authority enable a level of consumption, 109. At its thirtieth session, the Council reaffirmed social services, education and pu1;>lic utilities to be mai~­ its view that since agriculture must be the mainstay of tained which would not be poSSIble from the economIC the economy for some time to come, the reform of resources of the Territory itself. land tenure was among the most fundamental problems of economic development. It urged the Administering 104. In furthering its economic plans and policies Author=ty to devote special attention to questions of for the over-all development of the Territory, ~e 4d­ land 1:,e and the individualization of customary land ministration is assisted by the Commonwealth SCIentIfic tenure. In this connexion, the Council drew the atten­ and Indu'3trial Research Organization in the survey of tion of the Administering Authority to the experience natural resources, and by the Australian Department of of those countries, particularly in Africa, which have Territories in surveys of industrial development and dealt with similar problems. It further suggested that, potential. In addition, during the period under review. since a reform of land tenure must be achieved through a mission from the International Bank for Reconstruc­ the co-operation of the people, the Administering Au­ tion and Development conducted a comprehensive eco­ thority should take the earliest opportunity to bring nomic survey of the Territory of Papua and New this question to the attention of the new House of Guinea. Assembly. 105. At its thirtieth session, the Council commended 110. The Administering Authority states that suc­ the Administering Authority for obtaining.the services cessive annual reports have stressed the importance of the International Bank for Reconstruction and De­ which it attaches to the questions of land use and the velopment to carry out an economic survey and h01?ed replacement of customary forms of land tenure by a that in due course this would lead to the preparatIOn system of registered individual titles. As reported in of a comprehensive development plan to fix prioriti~s part VI, section 4, Chapter 3 of the report under re­ and assess investment needs over the next few years. view, the measures to improve land use such as soil It stressed the need for an increased tempo of economic and land use surveys and extension work which have development to keep up with the future needs of an been described in earlier reports are being continued. expanding population. Further progress has been made in providing the leg­ 106. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted islative basis for land tenure reform. The main piece the following conclusions and recommendations: of legislation designed for this purpose, the Land (Ten­ l1t'e Conversion) Ordinance, 1:)63, has been passed by The Council notes with appreciation the increase in the l.egislative Council together with a new Land the Australian Government's grant to Papua and New Ordinb.nee which modernizes and consolidates the hi­ Guinea for the year 1963-1964 and also the ,efforts being therto &eparate land laws of the Territory of Papua made to expand and diversify the cash economy and to and the Trust Territory. A Land Titles Commission develop the Territory's economic infrastructure. It has now been established and is beginning the task of stresses however the need for an increased tempo of m~l'e the individualization of customary land tenures. The economic development and for the provision. of special representative of the Administering Authority funds for this pttrpose. It hopes t~t. ~he AdmmIsterI~lg informed the Trusteeship Council at its th;rty-first ses­ Authority will consider t~e posSIb:llty ~f further In­ sion that the Commission was concentrating initia)ly creasing its grants, takmg mto conSIderatIon that th.~re on areas where indigenous agricultural development was are still areas in the Territory where no form of de'Z'el­ most advanced. There would be no compulsion on in­ opment has commenced or where development has only digenous groups to change their systems of tenure, but just begun, and that it will inViestigate ways. of en,sttr­ provision had been made for individual indigenous land ing that a fair share of the income from foreIgn 'prwate owners to obtain financial assistance on the security of investments will be ploughed back Into the Terntory. their land. The Council hopes that the results of the economic Inte~national Rec~n­ 111. At its thirty-first session, the CounCiL adopted survey undertaken by the Bank for the following conclusions and recommendations: struction and Development WIll enable a comprehenswe development plan to be prepared and that the pace of The Council reaffirms its view that the reform of the economic deVielopment will be greatly speeded up. It customary systems of land tenu!e is among th.e most also hopes that the Administering Authority will en­ fu.ndamental problems of economic development In New courage effective participation by the indigenous. popula­ G'uinea and is essential to the full development of the tion in the economic development of the Terntory. Territory's economic potential. It reiterates its previous 14 recommendation that the Administering Authority ticular importance was the progress being made on shof4ld bring this question to the ttrgent attention of the main Highlands road where it was hoped that the the new House of Assembly and that, in studying the lowlands section would be completed in 1964. .£1 mil­ problem, it should draw on the experience of other lion had been budgeted for the uplands section, between countries, particularly in Africa, which have dealt with the Ramu Valley and Kainantu, on which work had similar problems. already begun. It was estimated that capital expenditure on roads, bridges, wharves and aerodromes would ap­ INDUSTRIES proximate a further £2 million in the coming financial 112. The aim of the Administration is to promote year. industries at a rate comparable with the progress of the economy and in keeping with advances being made in Observations of members of the Trustee!'!bip the fields of education and political development. At Council representiug their individual opinions present, manufacturing industries consist mainly of only those processing local raw oaterials for the most part for export, but in some cases also for local consump­ GENERAL tion. Measures to assist the growth of industry include 117. The representative of the United States of tariff concessions on imported plant and raw materials America said that the Administering Authority was used in manufacture, tariff protection of the finished making impressive efforts in the economic sphere. He product, special rates for depreciation allowance for appreciated, in particular, the efforts to increase the income tax purposes where this appears warranted and production of ca.sh crops by New Guineans and thereby preference under certain conditions for Territory pro­ lay the basis for a more modern economy and create duce in government purchases. The Administration has domestic purchasing power necessary for the establish­ assisted by active participation with private enterprise ment of secondary industries, as well as the research in the establishment and operation of the plywood in­ which had prepared the way for development of the dustry. Roads, air and sea transport services, and power cattle industry. He also commended the Administra­ and water facilities are being increasingly developed. tion's plan to develop hydroelectric power from the 113. The development of industry by the indigenous Ramu River and hoped that the investigations of power people is assisted by the credit facilities for economic sites on the Wasangai River would result in a success­ development offered by the Administration. Under ap­ ful project. He considered that the Administering Au­ propriate ordinances, the Administration may guarantee thority's concentration on the development of such basic the repayment of a bank loan, and loans may be made facilities as communications and power and its investi­ for industrial purposes to authorities and organizations, gation of natural resources was laying a solid founda­ including local government councils, and also to indi­ tion for the Territory's economic growth. viduals. Co-operative societies, of which there are 136 118. The representative of France noted the in­ for retailing or marketing, are eligible for loans under creasing diversification of the Territory's products and these schemes and may also negotiate loans and over­ the fact that the Australian grant represented two-thirds drafts directly with commercial banking interests. In of t4e Territory's total budgetary receipts. addition to the above measures, the Administration procures agricultural and processing machinery for the 119. The representative of New Zealand sai~. that benefit of the indigenous people. it seemed likely that the point had been reached where development expenditure could no longer be determiner! ROADS simply by individual deportments but that an over-all programme of priorities would have to be devised. The 114. Except for coastal shipping and a few inland Administration might be well advised to enlist the as­ waterways, road transport provides the only alternative sistance of the House of Assembly in this and it might to air transport; there are no railways in the Territory. be useful to lay the report of the survey mission of the Expenditures on road and bridge construction and IBRD before the House for early discussion. maintenance have risen from .£577,700 in 1958-1959 to 120. In view of the at present very high standard £1,033,541 in 1962-1963. At 30 June 1963, there were of medical and other services, it might well be time to 5,281 miles of vehicular road and approximately 16,000 devote an even greater share of the Territorial budget miles of bridle paths in use. Of the vehicular roads, to accelerating the change from subsistence to export 3,549 miles were suitable for medium and heavy traffic agriculture. The IBRD Survey would no doubt suggest and 1,732 miles for light traffic only. ways of doing this. 115. At its thirtieth session, the Trusteeship Coun­ 121. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ cil while noting that communications are one of the m~jor cialist Republics said that an argument adduced by problems of the Territory, commended the road­ the Administering Authority for its refusal to imple­ building programme carried out by the Administering ment the Declaration on the granting of independence Authority and especially the progress made in the con­ to colonial countries and peoples despite the clear provi­ struction of the roads from Goroka to Lae and from sion of paragraph 3 of the Declaration, was that New Wewak to Maprik. Guinea was insufficiently developed from an economic 116. The special representative of the Administer­ point of view to be given political independence. Since ing Authority informed the Trusteeship Council at its the situation as regards economic development was thirty-first session that further advances in road-build­ worse than the situation in the political sphere, the ing were made during the year under review. At the purpose of this argumentation was obvious. The eco­ main coastal centres of Lae, Madang and Wewak, new nomic activities in Pa]Jua and New Guinea were carried overseas wharves or major extensions were under con­ on not in the interests of the population but rather in struction and were being linked with the hinterland by the interests of the Administering Authority and of the trunk roads, fed by a network of lesser roads. Of par- Australian and foreign companies, which exploited the IS natural and human resources of the Territory. The the Colonial Sugar Refinl'ry Company and John Fairfax evidence showed that the Administering Authority was and Son, Ltd. It was connected with plantations which in no g~eat hurry to promote economic development produced copra, coffee, cocoa and rubber in New and was doing nothing to change its attitude towards Guinea, the Solomon Islands and the New Hebrides. the Trust Territory as a source of cheap raw material This empire had an entire fleet of ships, its own hotel and manpower and as a market for Australian goods. chain, stores and warehoust's throughout New Guinea. New Gtinea and Papua were still merely agrarian ap­ In Melanesia the Burns Philp Company owned pendices of the Australian economy and the authorities, bakeries, laundries, cinemas and insurance companies. instead of diversifying the economy, were strengthen­ It also controlled the trade of New Guinea with Aus­ ing its unbalanced character by developing only those tralia and New Zealand and navigation between those agricultural crops which did not compete with Austral­ countries and the Pacific Islands. Its chief competitor, ian products an:! which supplied profits to Australian the W. R. Carpenter Company, which was fimmcially plantations and monopolies. He cit~ an article from inter-related with Burns 'Philp, had increased its capital the magazine As'stralian Ol,tlook (December 1963, No. by seven hundred per cent in recent times, and other 3, vol. 17) by Mr. Shand, whose studies utterly des­ companies had also developed and profited enormously. troyed the picture of a flourishing economy in the Ter­ The Bank of :New South Wales also held a dominating ritory that was painted in the Trusteeship Council by position in Melanesia and. through an affiliate, the Aus­ the representatives of th~ Administering Authority. The tralian Guarantee Corporation, had imposed on the al~thor of the article had observed that in recent years people of New Guin~a a usurious system of trade on ''the rate of economic development has considerably the instalment plan. The Prime Minister of Australia, slackened". He had come to the conclusion that there speaking before the General Assembly in 1960, had was information which revealed that there was u a very tried to refute accusations of colonial exploitation by serious stand-still in the economic development of the stating that Australia had put more money into Papua Territory". And he had quite rightly observed that cof­ and New Guinea than it had had taken out of them. fee alone coulf not serve as a sound basis for the eco­ Australian representatives however concealed the profits nomic development of the Territory. Accordingly, he which Australian companies were taking- out of the had pronounced himself in favour of the creation of a Territory. diversified econOlT.y in the Territory. 124. The representative of Australia had told the 122. Many of the inhabitants of the Territory were Trusteeship Council that in 1964 Australian grants to also convinced of the need to diversify the economy and Papua and New Guinea had increased to £25 million develop processing industries, a trend of thinking which but had omitted to state that this was onlv one-tenth had appeared clearly in the pre-electoral campaign and of the sum needed to develop the economies of these had, for instance, been voiced by two candidates for Territories. The conclusion was inescapable that the election to the House of Assembly. It need hardly be Australian authorities were trying to retard the prog­ proved that all the conditions existed in the Territory ress of the Territories towards independence by their for such development. The climate of the islands was efforts to hold back economic development, by permit­ very favourable to producing many tropical crops: ting continued domination by Ancralian companies and cotton, ~I.lgar, tea. sisal, hemp and other industrial by keeping the Territory as a source of raw materials, crops, as well as tobacco, coconuts, cinchona and spices. cheap labour and a market for Australian goods. If there were no colonial exploitation here there would 125. The representative of China hoped that as a be very broad possibilities for the development of live­ result of the economic survey conducted by the IBRD, stock, as well as of the mining industries and the fish­ the pace of economic development would be ,,;reatly ing industry. Oil had been found in New Guinea, and speeded up. He suggested that the Administering Au­ deposits of combustible gases had been detected, but thority might consider setting up a well-staffed Devel­ further prospecting was in the hands of the Rockefeller opment Board to carry out the over-a~! economic plan firms, Standard Oil of New Jersey and New York with development committees at the district leveL New Socony, as well as the British Petroleum Company, Guineans should be fullv associated at both levels with which were not interested in expanding the world oil the planning and execution of economic policy. market. The same was true of rubber production. The 126. The representative of Liberia noted with ap­ British Dunlop Company and the American Goodyear preciation the sizable grant of £25.5 million to the Trust Company did not wish New Guinea to become another Territory of New Guinea. She considered, however, Malaya, for that would undoubtedly reduce their profits. that because of the enormous tasks yet to be accom­ These examples could be multiplied to show the situa­ plished in the over-all development of the Territory, tion ill regard to the sawmilling industry, fishing and that amount seemed inadequate. She referred to the the extraction of commercially important minerals like fact that there were areas in the Territory where no sulphur, nickel, iron ore, phosphates, coal, copper, form of development had yet commenced. There was osmium, lead, mica, platinum, chromium ores, man­ need tG develop trade and communications, to construct ganese, and many others. roads, as well as to develop agriculture on which the 123. A glance at the economic situation in Papua future ;~conomy of the Territory depended. She felt and New Guinea showed the dominant position held by that the indigenous population should be encouraged Australian private capital and by American, British in all ways possible to play a significant role in the and Australian companies. The Australian companies, economic life of the Territory, thereby raising their which were sister companies of United States concerns, standard o{ living and aiding in bringing about a fa­ obtained greater and g-reater monopolies. Foremost vourable balance of trade. She expressed the hope that among them was the Burns Philp Company which the report of the IBRD would be available before the actually was an empire controlling fifty large subsidi­ next :;es.:iion of the Council. aries and which, in turn, was part of a group of Sydney 127. The representative of the Administering Au­ monopolies headed by the Bank of New SO:.lth Wales, thority said that the assertions made by the representa- 16 tive of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were in the system of collective ownership might form a strong almost precisely the same form as those which had been and lasting basis for the economy of Papua and New made by his predecessor at the previoc.1s session of the Guinea. Trusteeship Council. At that time, the Australian rep~ 131. The representative of China said that the resentative had emphatically denied the assertion that future economic advancement of N ~w Guinea depended the Administering Authority was using the Trust Ter­ larg-ely on its solution of the problem of land tenure. ritory to further its own economy and in support of Unless the complicated system of traditional land tenure that denial had referred as an example to the cattle in­ could be changed into a modern system of land hold­ dustry which was being deliberately built up in New ing the full development of the Territory's economic Guinea with Australian money and scientific knowledge potential could not be achieved. The administering Au~ in competition with the Australian cattle industry. The thority should apply the experience of those who had same was also the case with the timber, peanut and dealt with similar problems elsewhere and should also passion fruit pulp industries, which were in direct com­ bring the question of land tenure to the urgent attention petition with Australian products. Of the Territory's of the new House of Assembly. exports, which amounted in 1962-63 to almost £15 mil­ lion, less than half, about £6 million went to Australia, ROADS AND COMMUNICATION the remainder going to some twenty other countries. About £9.7 million, or a little more than half of the 132. The representative of the United States of Territory's imports by value came from Australia, the America, observing that communication was one of the rest coming from some twenty-five countries, including keys to the development of the Territory, was glad to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. As to the note that the Administering Authority was continuing statement that the Territory was being exploited by to expand the systems of air, telegraph and land com- Australian companies, the representative of Australia munications. - said that the net interest dividends from the Territory payable outside were of the order of £1.2 million while of the Territory's internal revenUe from direct ta."{atio~, IV. SOCIAL ADVANCEMENT which amounted to £2.5 million, only £70,000 repre­ Outline of conditions and recommendations sented contributions in personal tax by indigenou!l adopted by the Trusteeship Council people, the remainder being made up of taxes levied on non-indigenous persons and companies operating in the GENEP.AL Territory. It was certainly not to the benefit of the Australian Government to hold back the economic devel­ 133. In the report under review, the Administering opment of New Guinea, when that Territory and Papua Authority states that the work of revising all legislation cost the Australian taxpayer some £30 to £35 million of the Territory in order to remove provisions implying in direct grants during the current year. racial discrimination is almost complete. Except for special provisions to guard the well-being of certain 128. The special representative of the Administer­ people, in defined circumstances, or to maintain respect ing Authority, referring to the suggestion that district for .their customs, the laws will, with the passage of development committees should be set up to make pos­ legislation before the Legislative Council, apply equally sible co-ordinated planning at the district level, said to all inhabitants of the Territory. that one of the recommendations of the committee ap­ pointed to consider the appropriateness of the function 134. During the year under review three important of the Department of Native Affairs was for the setting ordinances were enacted with this purpose in view. up of district advisory committees under the chairman­ First, the Discriminatory Practices Ordinance, 1963, ship of the district commissioner exactly as suggested. provided legislation against commercial and social dis­ This recommendation had been approved. crimination. Secondly, the Local Government Ordi­ nance, 1963, provided, as mentioned above, for multi­ racial participation in councils; and finally, the Local LAND Courts Ordinance, 1963, provided for thP. replacement 129. The representative of New Zealand said that of the Co.trts tor Native Matters and Native Affairs by the decision to establish a Land Titles Commission was local courts with jurisdiction over persons of all races. a necessary step towards the change from subsistence 135. The advancing status of indigenous women is to export agriculture. But experience had shown that perhaps best reflected by the interest shown in the estab­ a radical approach to customary land-holdings could be lishment and successful operations of maternity hos­ initiated 'Jnly !'y the New Guinea leaders themselves. pitals, welfare clinics and women's clubs and by the Here the House of Assembly could give a lead; whereas increasing number of girls attending school and receiv­ the Land Titles Commission could iq.entify the problems ing vocational training. The various organizations for and suggest possible solutions, it should be up to the the advancement of women have produced an awareness elected representatives to generate the momentum for of the political powers of women and this has been reform. stimulated by the attendance of women at a number of 130. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ overseas conferences. The influence of local government cialist Republics considered that the introduction into councils in raising the status of women is most marked. Papua and New Guinea of the system of private land Not only are councils encouraging the promotion of ownership was nothing other than the fl"rceable imposi­ women's groups by grants of equipment and transport tion en the people of a system of private, capitalistic and the employment of welfare assistants, but they are land-ownership similar to that obtaining in Australia serving as a spur to women's wider interests. As an whereas the possibility existed of setting up collective indication of this interest, Council estimates for 1963 farms and co-operatives and thus preserving what was show an aggregate expenditure of over £3,000 on the best in the traditional structure of society, namely the promotion of women's activities. At 31 March 1964, common ownership of property. If properly developed, there were 186 women's clubs compared to 157 in 1962. 17 .... 136. Most of the indigenous population is engaged not at present economically available. Often the situa­ m subsistence agriculture and, to an increasing extent, tion is complicated by anthropological and sociological in the production of cash crops. The number of wage­ factors prejudicing the acceptance of new ideas of diet. earners. however, has been increasing in recent years; Action to resolve nutrition deficiencies comprises: rt'-­ at 31 March 1963, there were 51,243 indigenous people search on causes of deficiency; health and agricultural in paid emr1oyment. Private industry employed 38,499, research on plant, ani mal and fish foods, including non­ of whom 26,372 were general plantation workers. The fat milk and copra meal; agricultural extension activity, Administration and Commonwealth Government de­ for e..xample, introduction of such pulses as peanuts to partments emrk'yed 12,744, of whom 1,745 were mem­ improve diets deficient in protein, the promotion of bers of the Police Force. The special representative of animal husbandry, poultry and fisheries projects, and the Administering Authority informed the Trusteeship farmer training; health and nutrition education pro­ Council at its thirty-first session that there had been an grammes; :md research and extension work on pro­ increasing interest in trade unions and, through them, blems d r.utrition in urban areas where a cash wage activity in collective bargaining for better wages and being tj,~ source of food, ."l knowledge of shop foods and conditions. Four Workers' Associations have been budgeting is required. Nutrition education is carried formed, at Madang, Lae, Tabaul and \Vewak, with an out through women's clubs, co-operative societies; in­ additional one, the Public Service Association, covering fant and maternal health centres; rural health centres the whole of Papua and New Guinea. At 31 March and aid posts; farmer training, teacher training and 1964, these had a total membership of 5,480. During medical schools; and by means of radio programmes 1963 and 1964, eight industrial agreements were ne­ and visual aids. In addition, Health Department pro­ gotiated and registered under the Industrial Relations grammes to promote the utilization of specific foods Ordinance. There is an Industrial Organizations Officer to ensure an adequate protein and calory intake are car­ in the Department of Labour, whose duty it is to assist ried out in areas where indicated. A particular example and advise developing trade unions. of this has been the successful promotion in highland 137. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted areas of the use of finely ground roast peanuts mixed the following recommendations: with sweet potato to provide an adequate food for growing children. The Council, noting 7.c>ith satisfaction the improved status of women as reflected it~ the work of nuzternity 141. The special representative of the Administer­ hospitals, 7.l'elfare clinics, women's clubs and the in­ ing Authority informed the Trusteeship Council at its creased number of girls in vocational training, hopes thirty-first session that the Lae general hospital was that the Administering Authority will use its influence opened in April 1964, bringing the total of Administra­ to encourage indigenous women to c011tinue their educa­ tion hospitals in the Territory to 70, including five fully tion beyond the secondary level, that it will gmnt a equipped modern general hospitals. Construction of a considerably increased number of scholarships to them sixth general hospital was in progress at Goroka. for study abroad and that it will request fellowships Marked progress had also been made in medical train­ from the United Nations for women. ing. During 1963 nineteen nurses graduated from the Rabaul Nursing School, while ninety aid post orderlies PUBLIC HEALTH completed courses of training. Thirteen dental assist­ ants graduated during the year from the Dental College 138. During the period under review, expenditure at Port Moresby. on health services increased from £1,844,216 to £2,159,­ 662 and expenditure on works and services of a capital 142. The campaign for eradication of malaria was nature and on the improvement and maintenance of also progressing well. Work had been extended to seven hospital buildings and equipment amounted to £401,648. of the nine districts of New Guinea, encompassing an The principal new works carried out included comple­ area of 28.574- square miles and the campaign would tion of two tuberculosis hospitals, continuation of con­ shortly be extended to the remaining districts. struction of the regional base hospital at Lae, and work 143. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted on three hansenide hospitals. The ascertainable expen­ thte following conclusions and recommendations: diture by missions from their own funds on medical The Council commends the Administering Authority services was £96,956 and that by local government on the progress realized in the field of public health councils was reported as £22,922. services. It hopes that the questions of dietary deficiency 139. At its thirtieth session, the Council noted the and education i!n nutrition 7.'JUl continue to occupy a observations of the World Health Organization prominent plaa in the health programme of the Ter­ (WHO) on public health in the Territory, and ex­ ritory and that the day will not be far off when the pressed the hope that the highly satisfactory situation Territory will possess fzeUy trained indigenous doctors. which it revealed would continue to improve. The Coun­ cil considered that, as suggested by WHO, a programme Ob8ervations of members of the Trcsteeship of nutritional education should be carried out in those Council representing their individual opinions areas where malnutrition was a problem. only 140. In its current report, the Administering Au­ thority states that the problem of improving nutrition GENERAL has been engaging its attention for many years. It is a 144. The representative of the United States of complex problem which often has its origins in factors America said that the formation of free trade unions not susceptible to education programmes alone. As mal­ and the start of collective bargaining was encouraging. nutrition is usually the result of protein or calory de­ He noted also that racial integration was being fur­ ficiency in local foods, corrective measures may include thered through improved legislation, and that steps had the introduction of new foods, the application of new been taken to replace Native Courts by courts having storage techniques and the 'upply of high-protein foods j urisd. 'Hon over members of all races. 18 145. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ the DirectOl' of Education thinks appropriate. The pur­ cialist Republic.s stated that the insignificant admin­ pose of this classification is to enabie many schools at istrative l"eforms and the reforms in the field of educa­ present below the level required for recognition under tion that ha.d been carried out by the Administering the Education Ordinance to continlte operations and Authority conld not hide from the world the true state thus make some contribution to\':nrds the education of of affairs which could only serve as a living reproach the indigenous population until better schools can be to the Australian authorities. Discrimination still existed provided. The agency in charge uf an exempt school is in the m:ltter of wages; only 7,000 out of a working under an obligation to raise the standard nf the school population of 56,000 were members of trades unions; as soon as possible in order to obtain recognition. there was no legislation regulating relations between 148. Expenditure by the Administration on educa­ employers and employees; and there was no system tional services (excluding the maintenance of buildings) of social security in the Territory. The wages of New rose from £2,031,455 to £2,997,847. Financial aid pr·-.­ Guinean workers were several times lower than those vided for mission schools increased from £238,340 to of their Australian counterparts. Racial discrimination £307,941 and expenditure by missions from their own still existed although the Administering Authority funds rose from £596,000 to £659,928. denied it. 149. The Administering Authority informed the 146. The special representative of the Administer­ Trusteeship Council at its thirty-first session that dur­ ing Authority emphasized that it was the declared policy ing the nine months ended 31 March 1964, Administra­ of the Australian Government to prevent all forms of tion and recognized mission primary schools had in­ racial discrimination in the Territory. Undoubtedly in­ creased from 1,197 to 1,318 while secondary schools, stances of discrimination would arise, as in any multi­ both Admhistration and mission, had increased from racial community, through the stupidity or thoughtless­ 31 to 33 a'ld their pupil enrolment from 2,237 to 3,444. ness of individuals. But, with the elimination of any­ At the end of the period, the number of pupils in Ad­ thing that could be construed as being of a discrimi­ ministration and recognized mission schools totalled natory nature from the Territory's legislation and the 175,884. Expenditure on education by the Administra­ enactment of the Discriminatory Practices Ordinance, tion rose by £1 miUion during th", year. The special rep­ the Administering Authority had taken major practical resentative added that it was proposed to place much steps to exclude the possibility of racial misunderstand­ more emphasis on the development of technical educa­ ing. Relatioils between the various races were e..xcellent tion in future years and pianning for higher technical as had been graphically displayed in the recent eb.t\ons education was well in hand. and could also be seen daily in mixed sporting activitieG. Some misunderstanding still appeared to exist in the 150. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted Trusteeship Council with regard to hospital facilities. the following conclusions and recommendations: He wished to make it perfectly clear that any person The Council b.elieves that to meet the rising needs of any race requiring medical attention in all the main of education as quickly as possible, more intensive ef­ centres of the Territory was cared for in the same forts are requi1'ed both to expand education at the hospital by the same doctors and nurses and had the pn'mary and seco'ndar)' levels and to ensnre that a suf­ benefit of the same modern facilities. The only difference ficient number of students acquire the professional, ad­ was that the Australian must pay for it whereas the ministrati'lJe and technical qualifications which are New Guinean received the same hospitalization and essential to the Territory at its present stage of ad­ treatment free of charge. No expense was spared. for 'lJancement. The Coullcil suggests that a comprehensive any individual, irrespective of race, and during the past plan should be dm'wn up for the intensified teaching of year there had been innumerable occasions on which the indigenous population and that the United Nations aircraft had been chartered to evacuate patients, mostly Educational, Scientific and Cultuml Organi:Jation New GuineaL::s, from remote areas for urgent medical (UNESCO) should be requested to assist in furnish­ care at a base hospital. ing teachers. It also urges the Administering Authority to take positive measures to ensure, wherever possible, V. EDUCATIONAL AnVANCEMENT that students in secondary and tertial'y education com­ plete their studies. Outline fif conditions and recommendations The Council considers it desirable to achieve com­ adopted by the Trusteeship Council plete integration of the schools at the primary level. While it notes the statement of the Administering Au­ GENERAL thorit'J' that the linguistic barriers to such integration 147. During the period under review, the number vf primary schools are being progressively overcome, of Administration schools increased from 284 to 294 it hopes that efforts to attain this objective will be and pupil enrolment rose from 26,593 to 30,139. Re­ intensified. cognized mission schools increased from 865 to 962 with an increased enrolment from 64,232 to 76,269. Admin­ PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION istration teachers increased from 886 to 980, while the number of mission teacher trainees decreased from 421 151. At its thirtieth session, the Council noted the (including 69 girls) to 300 (including 68 girls). The observations made by UNESCO on the needs of pri­ number of exempt schools decreased from 1,756 to mary education and commended these to the attention 1,735 and their enrolment decreased from 56,650 pupils of the Administering Authority. It considered that the to 54,560. A recognized mission school is one in which .::·xent rapid expansion of primary education now re­ the standard of the school is satisfactory and at which quired an urgent effort to plan the expansion of facili­ at least one registered teacher is employed; schools not ties for secondary schooling, if the educational balance coming within this category may be granted an exemp­ of the Territory was to be maintained. It urged the tion of such conditions and for such period of time as Administering Authority to make a study of the causes, 19 effects and means of alleviating the wastage which oc­ 156. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted curs at the primary school-leaving level. the fellowing conclusions and recommendations: 152. In its current report, the Administering Au­ The Council reiterates its previ0t4S rec01flmtnldatima thority states that it has noted the observations made adopted at its thirtieth session conc,,-ning U" im­ by UNESCO on the need!' of primary t:ducation in the mediate need to provide a substantially increased num­ Territory. It has contlllually kept under study the ber of New Guinean shulents 'With training at university causes, effeccs and means of alleviating wastage at the In-'el, 'j':,'hether at the institutions of higher education primary school-leaving level. As reported in part 8, which have already been established in the TerritOfj' chapter 2, of this report this is being reduced. The or at universities overseas. The Council considers that expansion of facilities for secondary schooling is con­ such expansion of the numbers receiving university tinuing. Between 30 June 1962 and 31 March 1964, the training is urgent 110t merely for its own sake, but also number of pupils at the secondary level increased from to sustain the tempo of political, administrative aM 1,891 to 3,504 (including 60 attending primary schools economic development. with secondary classes). TECHNICAL TRAIl"ING HIGHER EDUCATION 157. Technical education is aV'a.ilable at different 153. At its thirtieth session, the Council welcomed levels anti in a variety of fields. At the village level, the establishment of the Commission on Tertiary community technical training is given with the aim of Education and took note of the intention of the Admin­ making some specific improvement in living conditions istering Authority to establish a university within the by co-operation with the villagers and by using local Territory. It wished, however, to stress the immediate resources and materials as much as possible. Training need to provide a substantially increased number of of this type is being given at three centres. Junior tech­ New Guinea students with training at university levf>l, nical schools give training in such skills as brickmaking whether at the institutions of higher education which and bricklaying, carpentry and building, plumbing, had already been established in the Territory or at painting, elementary mechanics, auto-servicing and driv­ universities overseas. The Council considered that such ing, and boat-building. There are seven junior tech­ expansion of the number receiving university training nical schools, as well as classes for students of this type was urgent not merely for its own sake, but also to at the two main technical schools in Lae and Rabaul. sustain the tempo of political, administrative and eco­ These latter schools are equipped and staffed to under­ nomic development. take higher level technical training. For the first two 154. In its report for the period under review, the years, the curriculum covers English, arithmetic, social Administering Authority states that it shares the Coun­ studies, general science, art, physical education, tech­ cil's view of the importance of increasing the numbers nical drawing, woodwork and metalwork. At the end of students at university level. This increase will be of this two-year course, students are eligible for ap­ procured as measures ~urrently in train to improve prenticeships in first-class trades. Students who remain both the quality and l.umbers at the secondary level for a further two years receive trade training in the show progressive effect. Even then not all the increased first-class trades, the main courses being carpentry, output of the secondary schools will be gained by the joinery, boat-building, automotive or diesel mechanics, University since the many-sided progress of the Ter­ plumbing and welding. Training in typing, business ritory will create increasing competition for students principles and practice, and elementary bookkeeping from secondary schools particularly in the fields of ad­ is available at the Idubada Technical School, Port ministration, teaching, health, agriculture and com­ Moresby. Manual arts annexes are attached to junior merce. The relationship of the training institutions al­ high and secondary schools at ten centres throughout ready operating in these fields to any university in­ the Territory. Four of these annexes are under the stitution that may be established in the Territory is one control of New Guinean teachers. At present there are of the matters to be given particular attention by the 38 New Guinean teachers and instructors employed in Commission on Tertiary Education, whose report was technical training and a further 19 are being trained submitted on 31 March 1964 and is currently being for this work. examined. Pending the establishment of a university 158. Instruction at the junior technical level is given in the Territory the Administering Authority will con­ at schools operated by four of the religious missions. tinue to provide financial assistance to qualified students At 30 June 1963, there were 634 students attending wishing to attend Australian universities. Administration and mission technical schools. 155. At 31 March 1964 there were twelve New Guineans studying at institutions of higher education TEACHER TRAINING in Australia, of whom four were attending universities 159. At its thirtieth session, the Council recom­ and the remainder at technical colleges. Two technical mended that continued efforts should be made to in­ scholarships have been awarded to students, entitling crease the recruitment of qualified teachers and to im­ them to enter apprenticeships in Australia. Four schol­ prove the qualifications of those teachers who were al­ arships were also offered in 1963 to children of bona ready in service. fide Territory residents, irrespective of race, to under­ take and complete medical studies at an Australian 160. The Administering Authority, in its current University. In addition, various nongovernmental organ­ report, states that it has given continuing attention to izations and business houses have shown an interest in the recruitment of qualified teachers and the improve­ sponsoring scholarships. For example, the Reserve ment of the qualifications of those teachers already in Bank has sponsored a scholarship enabling an indi­ the service. genoi.ls student from Rabaul to study economics at 161. With regard to non-indigenous teachers, at Sydney University. 30 June 1963, 20 trained teachers were recruited in 20 Australia and posted to Territory schools, 52 cadet 167. The representative of Liberia considertd that education officers graduated from the Australian School there should be a more rapid expansion of primary and of Pacific Administration and 30 were posted as secondary schooling, which should be racially integrated teachers to schools in New Guinea. At the School, 35 from the most junior levels. There was also a need for cadets are in training in the first year and 49 in the a substantial increase in the number of scholarships for second year. At the Rabaul Teachers' College, 39 tertiary studies. A number of these scholarships should teacher trainees graduated and 21 of them were posted be given to women. She also hoped that consideration to Territory schools. would be given to increasing vocational training. 162. Training for indigenous teachers is conducted 168. The special representative of the Administer­ by the Department of Education at two centres in Papua ing Authority said that the reason for separate syllabi and New Guinea and by various missions at eighteen in certain schools in the Territory known as "primary centres in the Territory. At 30 June 1963, there were A" and "primary T" schools was that practically all 134 New Guinea teacher-trainees undergoing training New Guinean children, when they first went to school, in the Administration centres and 300 students, includ­ were unable to speak English. He stressed however ing 68 girls, at the mission teacher training centres. that as the New Guineans' competence in English in­ creased, so would their ability to cope with the "pri­ 163. The Administering Authority further informed mary A" syllabus. In fact, growing numbers of indi­ the Council at its thirty-first session that, during the genous children were attending "primary A" schools nine months ended 31 March 1964,62 additional trained with Australian children while at secondary and higher teachers were recruited in Australia and the United levels the problem of language had been overcome and Kingdom for posting in the Territory. At 31 March there was complete integration. 1964, 85 non-indigenous cadet education officers were in training in Australia and 90 non-indigenous trainees were enrolled at the Rabaul Teachers' College. At the HIGHER EDUCATION end of 1963. 114 indigenous teachers graduated from Administration Training centres in New Guinea. 169. The representative of the United States of America hoped that the Territory would soon have a university to enable tertiary studies to be undertaken Observations of members of the Trusteeship in the Territory itself. Council representing their individual opinions 170. The representative of France observed that only the conclusions of the Commission on Tertiary Educa­ tion should make it possible to proceed with the estab­ GENERAL lishment of a university. 164. The representative of France noted that there 171. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ had been a great increase in the number of technical cialist Republics noted that despite United Nations rec­ schools. The establishment of an Administrative College ommendations, there was still no university in the Ter­ could also be considered as an important development in ritory. the educational field. 172. The representative of New Zealand said that 165. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ it would be unwise to anticipate the expert conclusions cialist Republics stated that although Australia had of the Commission on Tertiary Education. The main been dominant in the Territory for almost fifty years, point was that the need for a university had been ac­ the people lived in darkness and illiteracy. The road to knowledged. The aim of any plans must be to ensure education was closed to them and the reforms in the not merely that university and technical studies were field of education which had just been carried out could available to all who could qualify, but that New Guinea not conceal the true state of affairs. The facts were students would be positively encouraged to prepare for that eighty per cent of the population was illiterate, them in greater numbers. about two-thirds of school age children were not attend­ ing school, and the Administering Authority continued 173. The representative of Liberia said that there to retain the right to decide whether or not indigenous was a need for a substantial increase in the number of persons might avail themselves of scholarships offered scholarships for tertiary studies. She hoped also that by other countries including scholarships granted to the Administration would encourage indigenous women the inhabitants of the Territory within the framework to continue their education beyond the secondary level of United Nations programmes. and that a considerable number of scholarships would be granted to them for study abroad. 166. The representative of China welcomed the in­ crease in expenditure on education, during 1962-63, 174. The special representative of the Administer­ but thought that even more might have to be spent to ing Authority reiterated that the Australian Govern­ meet the requirements of preparing the Territory for l:'1ent, having recognized the need for greater atten­ self-government. Unless the educational programme tion to be paid to higher education, had arranged for a could provide for developing the standards of profes­ spt.cial commission to investigate this need. The com­ sional, administrative and political leadership which mission's report and recommendations were receiving were vital to the Territory at its present stage of ad­ most careful consideration. Meanwhile, there was no vancement, it would be totally inadequate. It was lack of facilities for New Guineans to proceed to higher equally important for the Administration to ensure that education either in the Territory or in Australia and students in secondary and university education c'Om­ they were strongly encouraged to do so by the Admin­ plete their studies. Positive measures must be taken to istration. In New Guinea, students proceeding to ter­ prevent them from being tempted away from their tiary education could do so under a wide range of schol­ studies by lucrative job opportunities. arships, all costs being borne by the Government. 21 VI. ESTABUSHMENT OF INTERMEDIATE that tl-te Administering Authority immediately apply TARGET DATES AND FINAL TIME UMlT the provisions of the Declaration to Papua and :New FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF SELF.GOV· Guinea und take practical measures to transfer full ER..~ENT OR INDEPENDENCE powers to the elected representatives of the indigenous population. Outline of conditions and recommendations adopted by the Trusteeship Councll 180. The representative of Liberia said that while she appreciated the efforts made by the Administering 175. At its thirtieth session, the Council noted the :\uthority and the achievements which had been accom­ steps which the Administering Authority had taken to plished, there still remained an enormous task to be advance the political development of the Territory. It performed. She believed that with continued good will nrged the Administering Authority to continue to im­ and bearing in mind the time element involved, the Ad­ plement, in the light of the Charter of the United Na­ ministering Authority should make every effort to speed tions, the Trusteeship Agreement and General Assem­ up its undertaking so as to achieve the goal of Trustee­ bly resolution 1514 (XV), and in consultation with ship and fulfil the objectives of General Assembly re­ the representative organs of public opinion in the Ter­ solution 1514 (XV). ritory, realistic plans and programmes reflecting a 181. The special representative of the Administer­ proper sellse of urgency for the rapid and planned ad­ ing Authority said that in considering the desire for a vance of the Terr:tory in all aspe.;ts of its political life. faster rate of progress, it must be recognized that speed 176. In its report under review, the Administering was not always the criterion of success. The Australian Authority states, as it has on previous occasions, that Government would, as it had in the past, continue to it respects the right of the indigenous people to choose foster development in all fields as speedily as was con­ their own future and will develop the machinery of sidered practicable; indeed it had not only met the de­ self-government by such constitutional steps as will ac­ mands of the people but it had frequently initiated cord ,vith the wishes of the people expressed through those demands or anticipated them. Timing was essen­ their elected representatives. tial, however, and the timing of every move must be 177. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted made to meet the need in relation to the particular cir­ the following recommendations: cumstances of each situation as it arose. Now, with the election of an indigenous majority to the newly-con­ The Council, noting the advances 1.C'!zich haz'e been stituted House of Assembly, it would be for the people tnade in the political development of the Territory, through their elected representatives, to determine the urges the Administering Authority to continue to im­ pace and direction. plement, in the light of the Charter of the United Na­ tions, the Trusteeship Agreement and General Assembly 182. The representative of the Administering Au­ resolution 1514 (XV), and in consultation with the thority said that with regard to the attainment of the nfr<.vly-crcated House of Assembly, realistic plans and objectives of Trusteeship special emphasis had always programm.es "efiecting a proper sense of urgency for been placed on the wishes of the people. A people must the rapid alld planned advance of the Territory in all be in a position to determine what their wishes are in tJ.Spects of its political life. the modern world before they could express them. Emerging from thousands of years of seclusion they must become informed before they could express their Observations of members of the Trusteeship wishes significantly. By establishing a national parlia­ Councll representing their individual opinions ment elected on the basis of universal adult franchise, only the Administering Authority believed that it was giving 178. The representatiye of New Zealand said that them the best means to express their wishes as a nation. by the creation of a Tf..rrttorial legislature elected by universal adult suffrage, the Administering Authority * had taken the decisive steo towards self-determination * * by the people of New Guitiea. Progress through the re­ 183. [At the 1239th meeting of the Council, the maining stages of Trusteeship would be a partnership. representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics It was for the people through their elected representa­ submitted a draft resolution concerning the Trust Ter­ tives to determine the pace and direction, but an equal ritory of New Guinea. This draft resolution was not responsibility rested on the Administering Authority adopted, two votes being cast in favour, five ag:linst, to lead and encourage. with one abstention. At the 1240th meeting, the Presi­ dent ruled that (1) a summary of statements by indi­ 179. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ vidual members of the Council on the draft resolution cialist Republics said that the Administering Authority would be appended to the chapter on N.ew Guinea in was seeking to evade the pmvi!iions of the Declaration the report of the Council to the General Assembly and on the granting of independence to colonial countries would appear at the end of section VI of that Chapter; and peoples by advancing all kinds of reasons which (2) the summary of individual statements would not allegedly did not allow it to transfer immediately all produce the text of the draft resolution, which the Coun­ powers to the peoples of Papua and New Guinea. It cil had not adopted. The summary accordingly appears was easy to see that these arguments were in direct contradiction with the provisions of the Declaration. below.] The consideration of the situation in these Territories, 184. The representative of the Union of Soviet at the thirty-first session of the Trusteeship Council Socialist Republics proposed at the 1239th meeting, had given further evidence that the policy of the Aus­ the adoption by the Council of a draft resolution tralian Government was determined by its endeavours (TjL.1076) which, he said, was fully in conformity with not to allow or, at the very least, to delay the granting the Declaration on the granting of independence to of independence to them. The Council should demand colonial countries and peoples [General Assembly 22 ~esolution 1~14 (XV)] and had as its purpose the in the Territory. If the Administering Authority and lt11plementatlOn of the Declaration in Papua and N:ew the representatives of certain other colonial powers, who Guinea. He proposed that in the preamble to this draft claimed that they were prepared to heed the voice of resolution the Council should note with regret that, as the people, really meant what they said, the draft re­ !lad ?een clearly shown during the debate, the Admin­ solution proposed by the USSR should meet with no lsterl11g Authonty had not yet taken the necessary steps objection from them; or the contrary, they should sup­ to transfer all powers to the people of the Territory in port it. accordance with paragraph 5 of the Declaration; it 186. The representative of Australia saw no reason should note furthermore that the powers of the House to change the procedure whereby the Council adopted ~f ~ssembly of Papua and New Guinea were extremely conclusions and recommendations for submission to lImIted and that the Administering Authority continued the Administering Authority concerned His Govern­ to hold in its hands all the legislative and executive ment, as an Administering Authority, had had good ~wers in the Territory since all measures of a legisla­ cause to respect this procedure which had produced an tive and executive character were in reality suhject of identity of thinking and effort between the Trusteeship approval in Canberra. Therefore he proposed that the Council and the Administering Authority with marked Council should in the operative part of the resolution results in the past. Moreover, he thought the draft (a) reaffirm the inalienable right of the people of Papua resolution not only unnecessary but inaccurate in vital ~nd New Guinea to self-determination and independence parts. . 111. a~cor~ance with !he Declaration; (b) invite the Ad­ ml11Istermg Authonty to implement the provisions of 187. The representative of New Zealand thought the Declaration in Papua and New Guinea as soon as that the Council would be placed in a very difficult possible and in any case not later than the twentieth situation if it were to consider and attempt to adopt a anniversary of the United Nations; (c) call upon the draft resolution which referred, as did the present one, Administering Authority, in particular, to take urgent to the whole field of political, economic, social and edu­ steps to transfer all legislative powers in the Territory cational development of the Trust Territory of New to the House of Assembly and to abolish the discrimina­ Guinea since that whole field was precisely that covered tory clauses of the electoral ordinances which provide by the detailed conclusions and recommendations which for official and special seats in the House of Assembly the Council had just adopted either unanimOUSly or at for Australians; and (d) invite the Secretary-General least by overwhelming votes. He gave two examples to give instructions to the Director of the United Na­ of substantial variation between the text of the draft tions Information Centre at Port Moresby to bring resolution and the conclusions and recommendations this resolution to the attention of the people of Papua just adopted by the Council. and New Guinea and to employ all mass media to 188. The representative of France said that, while that end. approving the principle of the emancipation of territo­ 185. The representative of the Union of Soviet ries which were still dependent, his Government never­ Socialist Republics said that during the Council's debate theless considered it necessary to respect the intervals the representative of the Administering Authority and of time which were required to create the constitutional those of other colonial Powers had alleged that the time and administrative structures which were an essential had not yet come to grant the right of self-determina­ guarantee of the survival of the future states. This was tio~ and independence to the peoples of Papua and New all the more necessary when considering poor territo­ Gumea. They had based their argument on the claim ries, placed at a disadvantage by geographical factors, that the Territory was still backward in its economic as in the case of New Guinea. development and that, so long as certain conditions 189. The representative of the Union of Soviet So~ were not met in the field of economic development, there cialist Republics recalled that both the rules of pro­ could be no question of granting political independence cedure of the Council and its past practice did 110t or self determination to the Territory. Allegations of preclude delegations from presenting recommendations this sort stood in flagrant contradiction to the provisions in the form of resolutions. He also disagreed with the contained in paragraphs 3 and 5 of the Declaration on interpretation given by some members of the Council the granting of independence to colonial countries and to rule 64 of the rules of procedure which permitted a peoples. Those provisions clearly and unambiguously statement of minority views to be appended both to a pointed out the way that must be followed by the report and to a recommendation of the Council at the Trusteeship Council in its consideration of conditions request of any member.

23 Chapter 11 NAURU

I. GENERAL 193. At its thirty-first session, the Council was in­ formed that in August and September 1963 the Director Outline of conditions and reco.:nmendations of Nauruan Resettlement visited Nauru to discuss with adopted by the Trusteeship Council the Nauru Local Government Council proposals for re­ LAND AND PEOPLE settlement of the Nauruan people. At his meetings with the Council, the Director explained in detail the Aus­ 190. The Trust Territory of Nauru is a small island tralian Government's proposals regarding the acquisi­ situated in the Central Pacific, comprising an area of tion of Curtis Island and the vesting of it in the 5,263 acres, of which 3,658 acres are classified as phos­ N~uruan people. He explained that a Nauruan Coun­ phate-bearing and an additional 585 acres are classed cil would be established with wide powers of local as rocky land. Since the discovery of the deposits, 1,204 government within me jurisdiction of the Queensland acres have been mined and 31,379,243 tons of phosphate Government. During the visit, a film of Curtis Island raised. The total population of Nauru at 30 June 1963 was shown to Nauruans at public screenings and the was 4,801, consisting of 2,558 Nauruans, 1,077 other Government's proposals were explained. Further meet­ Pacific Islanders, 697 Chinese and 469 Europeans. ings were held with the Nauru Local Government Ninety-four Nauruans and 12 other Pacific Islanders Council, and on 10 September 1963 the Head Chief normally resident on the island were absent from Nauru informed the Director that the Australian Government's at that date for educational, medical or personal reasons. proposals were unacceptable. The Head Chief said that Unu~r the law, Nauruans are "Australian protected the Council would make counterproposals. persons". 194. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted 191. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted the following conclusions and recommendations: the following conclusions and recommendations: The Council reaffirms that the provisions of the The Council invites the Administering Attthority to Charter of the United Nations, the Trusteeship Agree­ append to its forthcoming annual reports all la'lvs, re­ ment and the Declaration on the granting of inde­ gulations, ordinances and other legislati've acts enacted pendence to colonial countries and peoples (resolutions during the year tender review. 1514 (XV) and 1541 (XV) of the General A.ssembly) should be fully applied to the Tmst Territory of Nauru. FUTURE OF THE NAURUANS The Council notes that the Head Chief of Nauru, on 192. At its thirtieth session, the Trusteeship Coun­ behalf of the Naunt Local GO'llernment Council, in­ cil, after having reaffirmed that the provisions of the formed the Director of Nauruan resettlement that the Charter of the United Nations, the Trusteeship Agree­ Australian Government's proposals were in some re­ ment and the Declaration on the granting of indepen­ sputs unacceptable to the Naum Local Government dence to colonial countries and peoples should be fully Council, which would be making counterproposals. applied to the Trust Territory of Nauru, noted with The Council notes that, pending final decision by the approval the efforts of the Administering Authority and Nauruan people, the Administering Authority has ac­ the Nauru Local Government Council to find a new quired certain parts of Curtis Island to ensure its con­ home for the N:auruan people in accordance with the tintting availability for N auruan resettlement and that conditions outlined by the Nauruan people. The Coun­ the Queensland Housing Commission is preparing de­ cil further noted the statement of the Resettlement signs of suitable housing for the locality. Committee of the Nauru Local Government Council The Council is aware that consultations are in prog­ that either Curtis Island or Fraser Island was accept­ ress between the Australian Government and the able as a site for resettlement, subject to agreement Nauru Local Government Council with regard to the being reached on the future form of government of the future of the Territory and that a meeting is scheduled Nauruan people in their new home. It noted, however, for July 1964. that whereas the Nauru Local Government Council had The Council, appreciating the difficulties involved, expressed the wish that the Nauruan people should be­ urges the Nauruan leaders and the Australian Govern­ come an independent sovereign nation wherever they ment to continue their consultations aimed at a har­ may be resettled, the Government of Australia did not monious solution, bearing in mind the legitimate desire consider that it could transfer sovereignty over ter­ of the Nauruan people to preserve their national ritory which was an integral part of Australia. Con­ identity. sidering that the Administering Authority and the Nauru Local Government Council were currently en­ Observations of members of the Trusteeship gaged in negotiations on this problem, and with full Council representing their individual opinions appreciation of the difficulties involved, the Council only urged continuing consultation aimed at a harmonious GENERAL solution, having in mind the legitimate desire of the 195. The representative of the United States of Nauruan people to preserve their national identity. America, believed that most of the difficulties that had 24 confronted the Administering Authority when it as­ 201. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ sumed its role had been overcome and that it had done cialist Republics considered that the Trusteeship Council a good job. Its record In the fields of economic, political, must draw the attertion of the Administering Authority social and educational development was a bright one. to the necessity for basing all its actions in Nauru, es­ He believed that the mutual trust and respect which pecially on the question of the future of the Nauruans, now existed between the Nauruan people and the Gov­ exclusively on the desires and will of the Nauruan ernment of AustraHa would continue to provide the people. The conditions for resettlement put forward co-operation necessary for the harmonious solution of by the Nauruans must be fully and unconditionally ob­ the remaining problems. served. The Nauruans must receive full sovereignty 196. The representative of the lTnion of Soviet So­ over the island on which they decide to be settled. They cialist Republics considered that despite decisions of must have the right to organize their life as they see the United Nations the situation in the Trust Territory fit, including the creation of a sovereign Nauruan State. was characterized by an outright refusal of the Ad­ The Island of N.auru, after the resettlement of the ministering Authority to accede to the· wishes of the Nauruans, must remain the property of the Nauruan Nauruan people with regard to their political, economic people. and social development as expressed in the memo­ 202. He emphasized that the Administering Au­ randum of the Nauru Local Government Council of thority had tried to pressure the Nauruan people into June 19, 1962 (TjI6oo). He also felt that urgent accepting a plan which they rejected long ago, to com­ measures should be taken to improve the material, pel them to abandon their own plans for their future cultural and social conditions of the Nauruans, so that and to submit to the wishes of the Administering Au­ they could live in conditions as favourable as those thority. In order to compel them to accept the idea of which exist for Australian employees of the British resettlement on another island, the Administering Au­ Phosphate Commissioners and the members of the thority refuses to accede to the desire of the Nauruans Australian administration. to create an independent Nauruan state. What Aus­ 197. The representative of the United Kingdom of tralians want is in fact the physical liquidation of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland felt that the Ad­ Trust Territory, subjugation of the Nauruan people, ministering Authority fulfilled their obligations under once they have been settled on another island under the the Charter of the United Nations and under the Trus­ full jurisdiction of the Australian authorities, and de­ teeship Agreement. The Administering Authority had privation in this way of their sovereignty. Despite the carried out nearly every recommendation of the Coun­ refusal of the Nauruans to bow to the demands of their cil - of the last Visiting Mission to Nauru, and in "guardians" and to accept the plan that would turn SOlut: cases had gone beyond what had been proposed in them into Australians, the Administering Authority pr01 iding for the well-being and political and social ad­ continued to ?ress stubbornly for its implementation. vancement of the Nauruan people. 203. He considered that the Council should side 198. The representative of France thought that prog­ with the Nauruans in their dispute with the Admin­ ress in the political, economic and social fields must istering Authority. He assured the Nauruans again that be expedited in order to facilitate the resettlement of his delegation would never accept the plans of the Ad­ the Nauruan population. ministering Authority if they were not in conformity with the wishes of the Nauruan people and that it 199. The representative of Liberia expressed the would categorically oppose their adoption in the Trus­ hope that the Administering Authority would append teeship Council under any guise. to the next annual report the laws, regulations, ordi­ nances and amendments enacted during the year under 204. The rep::esentative of the Union of Soviet So­ review. cialist Republics welcomed the courage with which the N;auruans withstood the pressure from the Administer­ FUTURE OF THE N:AURUANS ing Authority. He said that the Nauruans' proposals 200. The representative of the United States of were as valid as they had been on June 19, 1962 and America stated that the Administering Authority was would be valid in the future for the Nauruans never trying sincerely and seriously to do their best to solve disowned them. He rejected the attempts of the Ad­ the problem of the future of the Nauruans. The Ad­ ministering Authority to impress the Council with the ministering Authority spent considerable time and size of Curtis Island. Having recalled the memoranda energy in seeking a suitable site acceptable to the submitted to the Trusteeship Council by the Nauru Nauruan people. This search was based on active con­ Local Government Council entitled "Target Dates for sultations between the Australian Government and the Nauru", he regretted that three years after the Nau­ Nauru Local Government Council. The Administering ruans had made their proposals (TjI595jAddl) t:on­ Authority was presently awaiting a decision from the cerning the working out of realistic target dates for the Nauruans on the acceptability of Curtis Island for re­ movement of Nauru towards independence, the situa­ settlement. His delegation could understand why the tion remained the same. people of Nauru wished to preserve their identity, but 205. The representative of the United Kingdom of on the other hand could also appreciate the inability of Great Britain and Northern Ireland felt that neither the Australian Government to accede to the Nauruan the Nauruans nor anyone else would expect the Aus­ request for sovereignty over Curtis Island. He was of tralian Government to give up sovereignty over Curtis the opinion that the Administering Authority deserved Island. It appeared to him that no decision should be great credit for making an honest and sincere effort taken with regard to the sovereignty of the Trust Ter­ with the Nauruan representatives to solve this prob­ ritory of Nauru until the Nauruans themselves had lem. He hoped that a solution would be found at the taken the final decision about their future home. Mean­ meeting between the Nauruan Committee and the Aus­ while, pending the outcome of discussions now going tralian Government scheduled for July 1964. on, the Council should commend the Administering Au- 25 thority for its decision to introduce legislation which ment. He considered that in this situation, with two \vould have the effect of reserving Curtis Island for groups of peopie involved, there was need for patient the Nauruans. negotiation. A mutuall~r acceptable resettlement scheme 206. The representative of China was pleased to must therefore be worked for by the Nauruans and the hear that the Nauruan leaders had reacted favourably Administering Authority against a background of un­ to the sugg-estion that Nauru might become a self-gov­ derstanding by the United Nations; it must be worked erning entity within itself, but associated with a larger, out by negotiation freely entered into between parties independent community. respecting each other, and with goodwill towards each other. He expressed the hope that with reciprocated 207. The representative of New Zealand thought goodwill and understanding, given time and patience that the offer made by the Administering Authority for for negotiation, a mutually acceptable basis for assuring resettlement on Curtis Island was generous. He felt that the future of the Nauruan people would be found. no Government anywhere would be willing to establish a sovereign and independent State within its boundaries. Nevertheless, in the past two years much ground had H. POUTICAL AnVANCEMENT been covered. Step by step each major point had been settled and until now all that remained. to be agreed Outline of conditions and recommendations was the exact nature of the political arrangements under adopted by the Trusteeship Council which the Nauruans w,-'uld administer their new island. He hoped that new discussions between the Australian DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND Government and the Nauruan leaders which are due LEGISLATIVE ORGANS AND THE EXTENSION OF THEIR to begin in July 1964 will give some positive results. POWERS 20~. The representative of France thought that 211. The Council at it" thirtieth session noted that, Curbs Island would offer great advantages. He hoped in accordance with its recommendations at the twenty­ that a realistic and humane solution would be found in ninth session, the Administering Authority had granted the course of the negotiations which would begin in additional legislative powers to the Nauruan people July 1964. although full Nauruan participation in the legislative 209. The representative of Liberia felt that the ex­ and executive administration of the Territory had not ploitation of phosphates was the chief reason for de­ yet been achieved. The Council invited the attention priving the Nauruans of a future home on the Island of the Administering Authority to its recommendations of N:turu. Consequently, it created an obstacle for the made at its twenty-ninth session concerning the ap­ attainment of independence by the Nauruans in accord­ pointment of an advisory committee and reaffirmed that ance with their wishes. She conceived the difficulties such committee consisting of representatives of the involved in the positions of either relinquishing sover­ Australian Government and of the Nauruan people eignty over Curtis Island by the Australian Government should be set up to work out constitutional plans for or relinquishing the depi"e for complete independence full Nauruan participation in the legislative and ex­ by the Nauruan peopl~ Under the circumstances. she ecutive administration of the Territory. felt that as a new approach. there are two possibilities 212. The Administering Authority, in its report for opened to the parties \vhich they should examine: 1962-1963, states that legislation to give increased (a) that a process of reclamation of the Island of Nauru powers to the Local Government Council, the substance could be undertaken and carried out with development of which had been approved by the Council, would come of economic projects, and a housing development into force in the near future. It considers that the Local scheme-such as the construction of apartment build­ Government Council should have an opportunity to ings-to meet population growth as is being done in gain e~~erience in the exercise of its additional powers some other countries. She felt that this procedure need before being asked to enter into further discussions. not delay independence to the Nauruans-that financ­ ing could be carried out from royalty income to the 213. At its thirty-first session, the Council ,vas in­ Nauruans in addition to amounts received from the formed that an Administration Order No. 6 (Repeal GovernTl:~nts of Australia and the United Kingdom, Regulations) made under the Nauru Administration the joint administrators who had undertaken to finance Ordinance in 1933 had been repealed. This Order re­ resettlement of the Nauruan people; or (b) undertake stricted the sale of goods on credit to Nauruans and the location of a new area not very near Australia but other Pacific Islanders and was intended to protect one which would, to a reasonable degree, meet the re­ them from debt. It had been repealed at the request of quirements of the Nauruan people. The United Na­ the Nauru Local Government Council so that credit tions experts could assist in determining the possibilities could be given by the Nauru Co-operative Stcr,e. under suggestions (a) and (b). 214. The Council was further informed that the 210. The Special Representative of the Administer­ Naunt Local Government Council Ordinance was ing Authority reiterated that the future interests of the amended by an Ordinance which came into operation Nauruan people demand that they should be resettled on 4 October 1963, to widen the powers of the Council. elsewhere. He stated that the Nauruan people had par­ All powers in connexion with the holding of Council ticularized the kind of place on which they should be elections were transferred from the Administrator to resettled; they had expressed a natural desire to pre­ the Council. The amending Ordinance removed the serve their identity as a people and to manage their own necessity to obtain the Administrator's approval before affairs. The only place which both the Nauruans and the Council might exercise powers granted to it, par­ the Administering Authority agreed would be suitable ticularly in relation to: for resettlement is Curtis Island. However, the very (a) Organizing, financing and engaging in any busi­ advantages of this place situated so close to the main­ ness or enterprise; land gave rise to problems for the Australian Govern- (b) Carrying out works projects; 26 (c) Providing public or social services for the bene­ ing Mission which suggested that th.e Ad'llisory Com­ fit of the Nauruan people; mittee might be composed of all me11l.bers of the present (d) Making By-laws (whIch are now subject only Naurlt Local GO'l'ernment Council sitting u>ith the Ad­ to disallowance by the Administrator) ; ministrator and a representatjz'e of the Department of (e) Raise revenue by imposing taxes, rates and Territories, together 'lpith a legal officer experienced in charges; constitutional matters. The Advisor" Committee's task would be to work out and put forward for consideration (f) Fixing the remuneration of the Head Chief and constitutional plans for full Nauruan partidpation in Councillors; the legislative and executive administmtion of Nauru. (g) Controlling expenditure. The Council hopes that the Administering Authority Under the amending Ordinance the Council's advisory will take the necessary steps in this direction and will powers were widened to include all matters relating to make a "eport to the Trusteeship Council at its next the "peace, order and good government of the Ter­ session. ritory". 215. A further amendment to take effect from 20 CIVIL SERVICE: TRAINING AND APPOINTMENT OF INDI­ December 1963 was made to the Nauru Local Govern­ GENOUS PERSONS FOR POSITIONS Ol<' RESPONSIBILITY IN ment Council Ordinanc·e to extend the life of the present THE ADMINISTRATION Council to 21 December 1963 because several Coun­ 220. The Council, at its tWf':l~y-ninth session, cillors were absent on Council business in Australia in October-December 1963. noted with regr·et that few Naurua,"t-i :'ad so far been appointed to senior posts in the A,I", listration, and 216. In addition, the Mentally Disorder.ed Person! further noted the statement of the Visiting Mission Ordinance, 1963, the Posts and Telegraphs Ordinance, that there was concern about this matter among the 1%3, and the amending Ordinance to the Chinese and Nauruan leaders. At its thirtieth session, the Council Native Labour Ordinance, 1922-1953, were enacted; considered it a matter of urgency that Nauruans be they were considered and agreed with by the Local appointed to senior posts in the administration and Government Council. The Administering Authority noted with pleasure the progress made so far. The stated that the Nauru Local Government Council was Council reaffirmed its recommendations that the Ad­ n?w exercising: considerably wider powers than pre­ ministering Authority continue and intensify its efforts VIously, followmg amendments made to the Council to qualify and place Nauruans in such posts. The Coun­ Ordinance. The Council was now independent of the cil regretted, however, that Nauruans still did not hold Administrator in regard to the holding of Council elec­ positions of higher res1?onsibility with the British tions, controlling expenditure, raising revenue, making Phosphate Commission and again urged the Admin­ ~y-Iaws (subject only to disallowance by the Admin­ istering Authority to make a concerted effort to give Istrator) and organizing, financing and carrying out Nauruans the necessary professional training that could works projects and business undertakings. The Council qualify them for such posts. The Council hoped, in now appoints members of the Nauru Lands Committee, view of its previous recommendations, that the Ad­ determines the constitution of the Committee and fixes ministering Authority would be able at its next session members' remuneration. to report progress in this field. 217. At its thirty-first session, the Council was also 221. The Council also noted the decision of the Ad­ informed that a Councillor of the Nauru Local Gov­ ministering Authority to establish a single public serv­ ernment Council had resigned and a by-election was ice commissioner and its plan to fill this post with a held in November 1963. Five candidates wer.e nomi­ qualified Nauruan, instead of the establishment of a nated and in the subsequent poll Mr. Buraro Detudamo public service commission as recommended by the last was elected. Councillor Detudamo had previously been Visiting Mission and endorsed by the Council at Its a member of the Council from 1959 to 1961. twenty-nint!' session. The Council trusted that this ap­ 218. General elections were held in December 1963 proach w,Juld meet the objectives sought by the Visit­ to elect a new Council for a term of four years. All ing Mission and the Council, and anticipated that sitting Councillors were re-elected, seven being unop­ progress reports would be made by the Administering posed. At the first meeting of the new Council on 30 Authority in this regard. December 1963, Councillor Hammer De Roburt was 222. The Administering Authority, in the report elected Head Chief for a third term of office. under review, states that appointment to the Service 219. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted of a person who was not a Nauruan could be made the following conclusions and recommendations: only on the certificate of the Public Service Commis­ sioner that a suitably qualified and experienced Nauruan The Council notes that the Nauru Local Government was not available. Early in the year a discussion was Council Ordinance was amended by an Ordinance which arranged between the Administration and the Head ~ame into operation on 4 October 1963 and widened Chief and other members of the Nauru Local Govern­ the powers of the Council. Recalling its recommendation ment Council to formulate plans for the accelerated adopted at the thirtieth session and conclusions reached advancement of Nauruan officers to senior positions by the United Nations Visiting Mission 1962, the Coun­ within the Public Service. The plans agreed upon with cil considers that before the next vital stage of con­ the Councillors were approved by the Minister for Ter­ stitutional advance is undertak,en, there should be full ritories. The Administering Authority specifically re­ consultation with the elected leaders of the people and ported that the Administrative and Nauruan Affairs to that end an Advisory Committee should be set up Officer (a Nauruan) is now performing most of the as quickly as possible to consider the wJwle matter of duties of the position of Official Secretary, the principal future legislative and executive authority of NGuru. and senior executive post in the Public Service. This The Council endorses once more the views of the Visit- officer was some years ago raised to the post of Ad- 27 ministrative and Nauruan Affairs Otlicer as the initial Observations of members of the Trusteeship step in a programme to advance him to more senior Council representing their individual opinions status. He received guidance in his duties from the only previous Officiai Secretarv, who tet:olinated his ap- pointment lat-= in 1963. . DEVELOPME:;;T OF REPRESENTATIVE, EXECt."TIVE AN~ . 223. .-\t its thirty-first session. the Council was in­ LEGISLATIVE ORGANS AND THE EXTENSION OF TU,.IR POWERS formed that a review of the organization and classifica­ tion of the Public Sen'ice was carried out by an officer 226. The representative of tl1e Union of Soviet So­ of the Department of Territories in August and Septem­ cialist Republics pointed out that the Administering ber 1963. The establispment of the Service was in­ Authority had not even drawn plans to transfer to the c~eased from 501 {>ositions to 566. Positions were Nauruan people legislative and e.."ccutive powers in the provided for student teachers at the Teacher Training Trust Territory. The so-called "expansion" of the rights Centre and a number of additional positions \vere of the Nauru Local Government Council, which \vas created in the 'Yorks Department to provide increased presented by the representatives of Australia here as opportunities for tn.t~" training. Alterations to the or­ "a significant event" was in fact so limited that it ganizafon were m,,~~ specifically to provide new op­ made a mockery of the demands of the Nauruans. The portunities for Nauruan officers. New positions of Clerk Administrator of the Trust Territory has the right to of Courts, Hospital Secretarv, Senior Clerk in the De­ disallow any regulation or law approved by the Nauru partment of Education. Clerk (Immigra:ion and Cus­ Local Government Council. Although the Nauru Local tom~) and Clerk (Motor Registration and Licences) Government Coundl was responsible for the main­ have been approved. A number of positiom have had tenance of peace and public order among the Nauru:ms, their designations changed to indicate more closelv the in fact the Council was deprived of any possibility of nature and importanre of the duties :lUached to them. discharging these duties, as the police force of the Salaries were incrf'llsed for every positbn in the Serv­ Trust Territory continued to be led by an Australian. ice. '1'he reorganization provideci. for the positions of He considered that all legislative and executive powers Official Secretary, Governmem: Sm'Veyor and Mother­ in J-Tauru must :,e given to the Nauruans. The pro­ craft Nurse to be occupied by Nauruans, and Nauruan posals of the Nauru Local Government Council on this officers have now been appointed to therr.. The posi­ question were certainly very interesting, and the Coun­ tions (If Official Secretarv and Government Survevor cil should recommend to the Administering Authority were formerly occupied by Austrll.!iall officers. and "the that they be presented as a docul.1ent to the nineteenth position of Infant Welfare Sister (occupied by an Aus­ session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. tralian) has been replaced by the position of Mother­ 227. The representative of the United Kingdom of craft Nurse. Great Britain and Northern Ireland noted with ap­ 224. The Council was further informed that the proval that the powers and rer...?onsibilities of the Nattru responsibilities of the Nauruan Affairs Department had Local Government Council had been extended during been increased bv the transfer to it from the Police the last year. and :?risons Department of functions connected with 228. The representative of China welcomed the the Court Registry and motor vehicle registrations. A widening of the powers of the Nauru Local Govern­ Nauruan officer has been appointed as understudy to ment Couhcil and in particular the fact that the Nauru the Internal Auditor. Applications were invited tOW3.rds Local Government Council was not subject to any the end of 1963 from Nauruans for appointment to the control in its e.x:ercise of the powers granted to it. positions occupied hy Australian officers for the purpose of determining if anv Nauruans \vere available with 229. The representative of China thought that it the qualifications required for the positions. A Nauruan, might be of assistance to both the Nauruans and the the Reverend Ituhwa Amram has been appointed as Administering Authority if, in a search for a practical Chairman of the Public Service Disciplinary Appeals solution to the problem of resettlement, {'.tll con­ Board. sultation with elected leaders could take place within the fra:ne~:ork of an Advisory Committee composed 225. At its thirty-first session. the Council adopted of all members of the present Nauru Local Government the foIlO\ving conclusions and recommendations: Council, the Adminisha::)r and a representative of the The Council notes 'With approz!al that the review of Department of Territories, together with a legal officer the organi::ration and classification of the Public Serv­ experienced in constitutional matters. Such consulta­ ice was carried out hy all officer of the Department of tion should aim at the whole future of the legislative and Territories in August :md September 1963 alld that executive authority in Nauru, including the Naurt'an the eSlablishment of the Service was increased from proposal for the constitution of a Legislative Council 501 positions to 566. to replace the Nauru Local Government Council. He The Council 1wtes furfher that the organization of further thought that once Nauru had attained sel£­ the SJr7ftce pro,-,ides for the positions of Official Secre­ government in the form of full Nauruan participation tary, Govern.fllent Surveyor and Mothercraft Nurse to in the legislative and executive administrati.:,': Df the be occupied by N auruans and that N auruan officers island, the question of the resettlement of the Nauruan have now been appointed to these positions. people would assume a more normal character and take The Council recommends to the Administering Au­ a natural course. thority that it continue to make available all positions 230. The representative of France noted the ex­ in the Public Service to Nauruans possessing the ap­ pansion of the powers and functions of the Nauru propriate qualifications and urges the Administering Local Government Council and felt that this develop­ Authority to continue to intensify special training facil­ ment was constructive. He noted that there would no ities in order to enabl~ Nauruans to obtain these quali­ longer be at::'· l:?proval required for decisions of the fications. Council wit!-! •~:;pect to a great number of local prob- lerns; the only exception would be the control over the fications necessary could not be acquired in record time. legality of a law. This would continue with respect to For this re:lson he hoped that the Administering Au­ the so-called by-laws issued by the Council. thority would take care to ensure that every opportunity 231. The representative of France was certain that, and encouragement was given to Nauruans to have the if the negotiations relating to resettlement were suc­ necessary academic and technical training. He :urther cessful, the Administering Authority would be inter­ hoped that the Administering Authority would con­ ested in examining very closely the suggestion that a tinue to make available all positions in the public serv­ committee be created to study the formation of a leg­ ice to Nauruans possessing appropriate qualifications. islative council to replace later the present Nauru Local 237. The representative of China was glad to note Government Council. that the Administration had taken steps to reorganize 232. The representative of Liberia considered that and reclassify the public service. He felt that in view des;Jite the enactment of amendments tc ordinances of the recent unsatisfactory response to the Admin­ widening the powers and functions of the Nauru Local istration's recruitment of applicants to certain positions, Government Council. its powers are still restricted; special training might have to be intensified. she felt that the Council is still to a large extent an 238. The representative of New Zealand thought advisory body. that the appointment of Nauruans to senior positions in 233. The representative of Liberia, bearing in mind the Civil Service, the reorganization and reclassification the m~asures undertaken by the Administering Au­ of the Civil Service, and the increased rates of salary thority to expand the powers of the Nauru Local Gov­ now being paid were evidence that everything possible ernment Council. thought that there was still a need to was being done to hasten the day when the Nauruan implement the Council's recommendation for the ap­ Civil Service would be entirely in Nauruan hands. pointment of an advisory committee to work out con­ 239. The representative of France hoped that ad­ stitutional plans for full Nauruan participation in the ministrative posts would progressively be taken over legislative and executive organs of the Territory. She by Nauruans. He noted with great interest that the felt that the Nauruan people were c ~ditions and rt:commendations of a Nauruan to the post of Administrator; he further adopted oy the Trusteeship Councll thought that the right to settle this problem must be given to the Nauru Local Government Council. GENERAL 236. The representative of the United Kingdom of 242. The economy of Nauru is entirely dependent Great Britain and Northern Ireland believed that the on phosphates. At 30 June 1963, the British Phosphate Administering Atlthority and the Nauruans themselves Commissioners estimated that 3,541 acres of the Island's were wise to maintain high standards with regard to total land area of 5,263 acres contained phosphates the appointments to public service and that the quali- totalling 65,792,639 wet tons. In 1962-1963, the value 29 of phosphate e..'Cports was £3,981,656 as comparl'd with whether any of the Commission's building potential £3,391,634 in 1961-1962. In 1962-1963, 1,608,750 could be made ayailable to supplement the resources tons of phosphates were exported, as compared with of the Council and the Administration to build addi­ 1,541,652 in 1961-1962. The phosphates were exported thnal houses for Nauruan families. to Australia (981,550 tons), to New Zealand (399,300 247. The Commissioners offered to increase the tons) and to the United Kingdom (227,900 tons). The Landowners Royalty, the Landowners Investment Fund ,'total imports, chiefly from Australia, amounted to Royalty, and the Nauru Royalty Trust Fund Royalty £2,318,822 in 1962-1963 (as compared with £1,845,734 by 50 per cent, that is from a total of 2s. 8d. per ton for in 1961-1962). the three royalties to a total of 4s. per ton. The Head 243. At its thirtieth session, the Council noted with Chief said his delegation would consult the Council on approval that, in accordance with its previous recom­ these royalty matters. mendation, the British Phosphate Commission and the Nauruan elected representat~ves had agreed to hold 248. In response to a subsequent request from the annual meetings and that such meetings were to be Council for a conference with the representatives of held in November each vear. The Council believed such the Government and the Commissioners, the Council consultation could be·instrumental in ensuring the had been informed that the Australian Government equitable sharing of the proceeds of phosphate mining. considered that the question of royalties (other than Noting that the Nauruans had expressed the feeling the Community Fund Royalty) was primarily a matter that, while the 24 per cent share of phosphate proceeds for discussion between the Council and the Commis­ received by them was substantial, it was not a fair share; sioners, and a meeting with the Commissioners, for this purpose, has been arranged for the latter part of the Council therefore invited the Administeting Au­ ~he thority. in consultation with the Nauru Local Govern­ July 1964. The Council has been informed that ment Council, to seek such equity as might be involved Australian Government will arrange to discuss WIth with the British Phosphate Commission for t!le Nauruan the }.auruan representatives the Nauruan Long Term people. The Council was pleased to note that in ac­ Investment Fund and other matters of mutual interest cordance with its suggestion the three Powers con­ while they are in Australia in July 1964. stituting the joint Administering Authority had reaf­ 249. At its tl:;rty-first session, the Council adopted firmed that ample provision of funds for developing a the following conclusions and recommendations: future home for the Nauruan people was not and will The Council is pleased to note that the first (.,nnual not be a stumbling block towards a solution and that meeting between representatives of the British Phos­ they would be mindful of their obligation to provide phate Commissioners and the Nauruan ,elected rep­ such assistance. resentat2'ves, as suggested by the United Nations Visit­ 244. At its thirty-first session, the Council was in­ ing M2ssion to the Trust Territory of Nauru, 1962, to formed that the first of the annual meetings suggested discuss matters of mut1lal interest and concern, has by the 1962 United Nations Visiting Mission to Nauru taken place. The Council is confident that this initial was held in Melbourne in November 1963. At this contact between the representatives of the Nauru Local meeting, the Head Chief, the Council Secretary and Government Council and the British Phosphate Com­ Treasurer, accompanied by the Administrator, met the missioners 'Will lead to a mutual understanding and British Phosphate Commissioners. In the course of the a better and closer co-operation between the part£es meeting the Commissioners agreed to an increase in concerned. It hopes that the Commissioners 'will not the rate of coconut land rentals from 17 4s. to £12 an object to the presence of a professional adviser who may acre. In the case of temporary leases, the Commissioners !le included in later meetings in the delegation desig­ agreed to an increase of from £12 to £20 an acre. In­ ','lated by the Nauru Local Government Council. creases in the rate of compensation paid for trees neces­ The Council notes that the British Phosphate Com­ sarily destroyed included £1 17s. 6d. to £5 for coconut missioners agreed to an increas.e in the rate of coconut trees, :£1 to £3 15s. for pandanus trees, and £1 5s. to land rentals in temf'orary leases and in the rate of com­ :£1 10s., £3, £3 lOs. and £4 lOs. for other trees. The pensation· paid for trees necessarily des;!royed. It further Council's representatives were advised by the Commis­ notes that the British Phosphate Commissioners offered sioners that new automatic precipitators were on order. to increase the Lando'ltmers Royalty, the Landowners It believed that these would alleviate the phosphate Investment Fund Royalty and the Nauru Royalty Trust dust problems. The Commissioners agreed that the Fund Royaltv and that these offers will be discussed in maximu.-n amount of fresh water to be made available meetings between the representatives of the Nauru from their reserve storage for Nauruan homes in dry Local Government Council and the Administering Au­ periods would be increased from 55,000 to 100,000 gal­ lons a week. The Commissioner agreed to a proposal thority scheduled to meet in July 1964. by the Nauru Local Gc'~ernment Council for a Nauruan The Co'uncil reiterates its belief that further consulta­ to be appointed to check the amount of phosphate ex­ tions b.etween representatives of the British Plwsphate tracted from particular larrd holdings as they were Commissioners and the Nauruan elected representatives worked. will be instrumental in ensuring the equitable sharing 245. The Commissioners did not agree to a request of the prcceeds of phosphate mining. that the Commissioners' General St,ore be transferred to the Council but they indicated that they would con­ Observations of members of the Trusteeship sider how they might increase the assistance already Councll representing their individual opinions being given to the Nauru Co-operative Society by the only British Phosphate Commissioners. GENERAL 246. The Council delegation sought the assistanct' of the Commissioners in connexion with the buildi:,.g 250. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ of more homes. The Commissioners agreed to consider cialist Republics pointed out that all the actions of the 30 Administering Authority were influenced by the Ter­ ernment Council and the British Phosphate Commis­ ritory's wealth-the phosphates, their exploitation, sioners had taken place. He was confident that this profits for the three Administering Authorities as wen initial contact would lead to a mutual understanding as for the British Phosphate Commissioners. He em­ and a better and closer co-operation between the parties phasized the paradox that the wealth of the Territory. concerned. the phosphates, which should be used in the interests of 255. The representative of Liberia believed that the Nauruan people, was at present a threat to the na­ consultations as have been established between the tional existence of the Nauruans. With a reasonable ex­ Council and the British Phosphate Commissioners were ploitation of the phosphates, they would have lasted for in harmony with the views of the Council. She thought, a long time, and profits deriving from such exploitation however, that in order to place the Nauru Local Gov­ would have sufficed to improve the well-being ,:If the ernment Council on an equal bargaining basis with the indigenous population and to keep normal living condi­ British Phosphate Commissioners, the Commissioners tions on the island. He noted that the exploitation of the should not have objected to the presence of a profes­ phosphate resources of Nauru continued and that they sional adviser of the delegation designated by the Nauru were sold to users at prices well below those on the Local Government Council. world market. Under these conditions, the only just solution of the problem was the transfer to the IV. SOCIAL AnVANCEMENT Nauruans of all the assets and equipment of the British Phosphate Commissioners. This position was supported Outline of conditions and recommendations by Gt'neral Assembly resolution 1803 (XVII) on adopted by the Trusteeship Council permanent sovereigntY over natural resources. 251. The representative of the United States of PUBLIC HEALTH America was interested in learning that the British 256. The Administration and the British Phos­ Phosphate Commissioners had offered to increase the phate Commissioners provide medical and dental serv­ Landowners Royalty. the Landowners Investment ices free of cost. Expenditure on health services by Fund Royalty and the Nauru Royalty Trust Fund the Administration during the year under review Royalty by 50 per cent. He hoped that the Nauru amounted to £81,844, as compared with £71,377 in the Local Government Council would accept these in­ preceding year. creases which would further stimulate the economic well-being of !:le Nauruan people. 257. At its thirtieth session, the Council noted the conclusion of the World Health Organization (WHO) :>c;2. The representative of Liberia noted that the that the diet of the Nauruans was lacking in vitamins British Phosphate Commissioners had increased the A and C, as well as in a fair amount of fat and protein. rates for iand r~ntals, temporary leases and compensa­ It therefore endorsed the suggestion of WHO that a tion for destroyed. crops. sound, carefully prepared and long-range nutrition 253. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ education campaign by the Administering Authority cialist Republics thought that only a negative answer would be advisable and in the interests of the Nauruan could be given to the question of whether there was peuple. At the same time the Council wished to record any extension of the rights of the Nauruans over their its pleasure over the fact that, as a whole, the observa­ national resources and that the Administering Authority tions of WIlO reflected a generally adequate and con­ did not fulfil its own promises given at the twenty-ninth structive public health programme. session of the Trusteeship Council. Conversations be­ 258. The Administering Authority in its current tween representatives of the Nauru Local Government report states that educative and practical programmes Council and the British Phosphate Commissioners did relating to nutrition have been carried out by the Ad­ not yield any appreciable results. Conditions under ministration for many years. Education in nutrition which these conversations were held, and in particular was being given in schools, infant welfare clinics, adult the refusal, under a fallacious pretext to allow Nauruans education classes and the hospital. In schools, instruc­ to avail themselves of the advice of a competent expert, tion was helped by visual aids in food diet lessons and were calculated to limit the capability of Nauruans in all secondary schOol children had lessons in the prin­ defending their interests. The representatives of the ciples of nutrition. All secondary school girls attend Nauru Local Government Council were in fact put in domestic science classes where dietary principles are a discriminatory position as compared to representatives stressed. In infant welfare clinics, advice was given to of the British Phosphate Commissioners. He considered all mothers on diet for older children and adults as well that consultations must be pursued between the rep­ as on infant feeding. This instruction has had good re­ resentative of the Nauru Local Government Council sults and the Government Medical Officer considered and the British Phosphat~ Commissioners. The posi­ there are practically no dietary problems affecting chil­ tion of the Administering Authority in this question dren. Nutrition principles were also stressed in evening of supporting the British Phosphate Commissioners de­ claSSeS for adults. served condemnation. These consultations must be held in conditions most propitious for the Nauruans. The 259. At its thirty-first session. the Council was in­ question of the transfer of control over the Phosphate formed that, in addition to the health education methods Commissioners to the Nauru Local Government Coun­ to improve nutrition, a :- ,.rramme had been instituted cil mnst be solved as the first step towards the restora­ with weekly articles pUblished in both English and tion of the inalienable sovereignty of the Nauruans over Nauruan language newspapers, which were designed the natural resources of Nauru. to impart the general principles involved and lectures to the district Women's Clubs which demonstrated the 254. The representative of China noted with sat­ practical application of these principles. Arrangements isfaction that the first round of annual consultations have been made through the Nauru Teacher Training between the representatives of the Nauru Local Gov- Centre to intensify the teaching of nutrition as well 31 as other subjects of public health importance in all Th, Council is pleased to note that provisions wer. schools. made by the Administering Authority to increase con­ siderably the 'U'Gter storage m..ailable to Nauruans and 260. The Trusteeship Council, in resolution 2137 that this 'It'Gter 'U'aS made available free of charge to (XXX), recommended that the Administering Au­ the Nauru Local Government Council. thority consider the introduction in the island of a system of free water supply for the indigenous in­ habitants of Nauru. LABOUR 261. In its report for 1962-1963. the Administering 265. At its thirtieth session, the Council noted with Authority states that as there are no rivers or natural pleasure that a standard working week on Nauru, in­ catchments, the main water supply is obtained from volving fewer hours, had been established. In addition, rain water from the roofs of buildings and stored in followmg the study of the Commission of Enquiry there tanks. A limited supply is available from wells, but had been a substantial increase in the basic wage paid during dry spells this water becomes very brackish. to Nauruans. It hoped further adjustment would be During periods of drought, water is brought in the made from time to time if the findings of a periodic British Phosphate Commissioners' vessels. This water basic-wage review so required. is held in steel and concrete storage tanks erected by 266. In its report for 1962-1963, the Administering the British Phosphate Commissioners and distributed Authority states that as a result of an inquiry into the to various settlements as required. The Local Govern­ Nauruan basic wage in 1962, changes have been made ment Council arranges for the distribution of water t,) in the basis of calculating the wage and in paying de­ Nauruan homes. During the year under review it waS pendants' allowances. The new basic wage was de­ necessary to use imported water. The British Phos­ termined as that appropriate to an average family of phate Commissioners were planning to erect twelve four after taking into account not only needs, but steel bulk water storage tanks to provide a reserve of factors such as the capacity of the economy to pay and fresh water for the community, each tank to have a the need for social advancement. As a result, the use capacity of 1 million gallons. Six tanks of this design, of a regimen for establishing the wage has been dis­ having a combined capacity of 25,800 tons, have al­ continued. Annual adjustments of the wage are made ready been completed: one tank was completed in in October each year in accordance with fluctuations March 1962, two in September 1962, two in February in an approved retail price index. 1963, and one in June 1963. Two tanks were under 267. The first determination under the new system, construction at the end of the year under review. The effective from 2 June 1962, increased the wage of an question of the introduction of a system of free water adult male Nauruan worker from £6 4s. 7d. a week to supply for the Nauruan community during periods of £9 6s. 6d. a week. This wage was reviewed in October drought was being examined. 1962 and increased, from 6 October 1962, to £9 7s. 5~d. 262. At its thirty-first session, the Council was in­ a week. Proportional increases were made in the wages formed that the British Phosphate Commissioner had of adult females and juniors. Previously dependants' completed three more bulk storage water tanks, each allowances were paid by employers to employees at the holding 1 million gallons, for fresh water storage. Six rate of 13s. 8d. a week for each dependent child under storage cisterns holding a total of 137,500 gallons have sixteen years of age. Following the 1962 wage inquiry, been built as part of the contract workers' housing the rates of dependants' allowances have been set at project. 10s. a week for each of the first two dependent children and 15s. a week for the third and subsequent children. 263. The Council was further informed that at Both the basic wage and dependants' allowances are the November Conference between the Nauruan rep­ to be reviewed at the end of each three years. At that resentatives and the British Phosphate Commissioners time representatives of the Administration, the British it was agreed that the amount of water which might Phosphate Commissioners, the Nauru Local Govern­ be drawn by the Council from the Commissioners' ment Council and the Nauruan Workers' Organization water stocks should be increased to a maximum of will hold a conference to negotiate -m these matters. 100,000 gallons a week. At its thirty-first session the Provision has been made for the appointment by the Council was informed that water up to these quantities Administrator of a person experienced in industrial would be supplied without cost to the Nauru Local negotiation to act as a mediator if the conference is Government Council. unable to reach agreement on any matter dealt with 264. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted in the review. the following conclusions and recommendations: 268. At its thirty-first session. the Council was in­ ina~tguration formed that in October 1963 the Nauruan Basic Wage The Council notes with approval the Index was reviewed again by an officer of the Admin­ by the Administering Authority of an ,educational cam­ istration and the Secretary of the Nauruan Workers' paign on nutrition in schools and infant welfare clinics; Organization. As a result of changes in the retail price it expresses the hope that the Administering Authority index, the male basic wage rose from £9 7s. 5~d. to will continue its efforts to assist further the Nauruan £9 12d. 8d. a week arid the female rate to £7 9s. 3d. a people to improve their ,;;tandard of nutrition. week Junior rates increased in proportion. The Council notes that the Adm,inistering Authority has purchased and will instal later this year modern ;:;TATUS OF WOMEN e,~sure electrostatic precipitator units to the reduction 269. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted of the principal phosphate dust nuisance to negligible the following conclusions and recommendations: proportions. The Cm:nc" hopes that the Administering Authority will continue to undertake all the n,ecessary The Council hopes that the age for women voters steps in this direction. will be reduced from twenty-o),e to eighteen years. 32 Observations of members of the Trusteeship ing of Nauruan teachers as recommended by UNESCO. ConneD representing their individual opinions The Council, in addition to noting with satisfaction the only increased number of scholarships offered to Nauruans PUBLIC HEALTH by the Administering Authority, expressed the hope that where a Nauruan applied for and was granted 270. The representative of the C'nited Kingdom of any of the scholarships offered by other States Mem­ Great Britain and Northern Ireland noted with pleasure bers of the United Nations, the Administering Au­ the generally satisfactory progress in the field of health. thority would provide facilities, when necessary, to He was interested to hear about the implementation of enable the applicant to take advantage of the schol­ the WHO suggestion concerning a long-range nutrition arship. education programme. He expressed the hope that the Administering Authority would continue to further as­ 278. In its report under review, the Administering sist the Nauruan people to improve their standard of Authority states that the number of Administration nutrition. scholarships awarded to Nauruans was increased. For the 1963 school year the quota of scholarships was 271. The representative of Liberia commended the raised from twelve to fifteen. Schol~,rships were offered Administering Authority for the inauguration of an equally to both sexes on the results d annual examina­ educational campaign on nutrition carried out in schools tions. Special scholarships and cadetships were pro­ and infant welfare clinics and expressed the hope that vided for technical and professional traini~O" overseas. classes on nutrition would become a part of the educa­ During the past year, six new cadetships we~ awarded. tional curriculum. Four privately-sponsored students (two boys and two 272. The representative of the "L'"nited Kingdom of girls) ~?roceeded to Australia for lower secondary Great Britain and Northern Irdand was glad to hear courses. Short-term vocational training in Australia at that a considerable increase in the water storage avail­ Administration expense was provided for two Nauruan able to the Nauruan people had been provided and that teachers and three tradesmen. this water was available without charge to the Nauru 279. At its thirty-first session, the Councii was in­ Local Government Council. formed that the Aiwo and Yaren Primary Schools were combined from the beginning of 1964. Nauruan and * European students in grades 1 and 2 (but not in the * * preparatory grade) would be in separate classes but grade 3 and other grades had combined classes. Grades 273. The representative of the Union of Soviet So­ 1 and 2, although having separate classes because of cialist Republics considered that the question .J the the need for giving Nauruan children a good ground­ phosphate dust raised over eight years ago must be ing in English, would be in the one school. The com­ settled without further delay. bining of the two schools was accomplished without 274. The representative of Liberia considered that difficulty and nine additional trained teachers from Aus­ the British Phosphate Commissioners should do every­ tralia had strengthened the teaching staff for the pri­ thing in their power to alleviate the discomfort caused mary and infant schools. by phosphate dust. 280. The Council was further informed that two additional junior scholarships, tenable by pupils at form STATUS OF WOMEN I level, were awarded in the 1963 examinations. The senior scholarships were now available to any Nauruan 275. The representative of Liberia noted with ap­ student who qualified by examination at form IV level. preciation the services which are being rendered now Technical scholarships had been established and were to the Nauruan community by the District Women's available to any student who passed the Junior Tech­ Club. She suggested that the age requirement for nical Certificate examination. Eight were awarded at women voters be reduced from twenty-one to eighteen the beginning of 1964. Like the other scholarships they years. entitled the holder to free higher education in Australia. 281. At its thirty-first session, the Council adopted v. EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT the following conclusions and recommendations: The Council notes that the task of bringing all Ad­ Outline of conditions and recommendations ministration primary schools under one integrated sys­ adopted by the Trusteeship Council tem has been completed b)' combining the Aiwo and 276. Education in the Territory is compulsory and Yarcn Schools from the beginning of 1964. iree and. in Administration schools. secular, for all The Council notes the increase in the number of Ad­ children between the ages of six and fifteen (if Aus­ ministration scholarships awarded to Nattruans from tralian) and six and seventeen (if Nauruan) . Ex­ twel'l!e to fifteen and the fact that two additional junior penditure on education for the year ended 1963 was scholarships tenable by pupils at form I level were £102,114. a

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WHERE TO BUY UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS AN 0 TB E PUB L lCAT ION S 0 F THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

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