BAA Handbook 2010.Pdf

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THE HANDBOOK

OF THE BRITISH ASTRONOMICAL ASSOCIATION 2010

2009 October ISSN 0068-130-X Contents CALENDAR 2010 ...... 2 PREFACE...... 3 HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2010...... 4 SKY DIARY FOR 2010 ...... 5 VISIBILITY OF PLANETS...... 6 RISING AND SETTING OF THE PLANETS IN LATITUDES 52°N AND 35°S...... 7-8 ECLIPSES ...... 9-13 TIME...... 14-15 EARTH AND SUN...... 16-18 MOON ...... 19 SUN’S SELENOGRAPHIC COLONGITUDE...... 20 MOONRISE AND MOONSET ...... 21-25 LUNAR OCCULTATIONS ...... 26-32 GRAZING LUNAR OCCULTATIONS...... 33-34 PLANETS – EXPLANATION OF TABLES...... 35 APPEARANCE OF PLANETS...... 36 MERCURY...... 37-38 VENUS...... 39 MARS...... 40-41 ASTEROIDS AND DWARF PLANETS...... 42-60 JUPITER ...... 61-64 SATELLITES OF JUPITER ...... 65-80 SATURN...... 81-84 SATELLITES OF SATURN ...... 85-91 URANUS...... 92 NEPTUNE...... 93 COMETS...... 94-100 METEOR DIARY ...... 101-103 VARIABLE STARS ...... 104-109 Algol; λ Tauri; RZ Cassiopeiae; Mira Stars; ε Aurigae EPHEMERIDES OF DOUBLE STARS ...... 110-111 BRIGHT STARS ...... 112 GALAXIES ...... 113-114 SUN, MOON AND PLANETS: Physical data...... 115 SATELLITES (NATURAL): Physical and orbital data ...... 116-117 RADIO TIME SIGNALS ...... 118 INTERNET RESOURCES...... 119-120 CONVERSION FORMULAE, TELESCOPE DATA AND GREEK ALPHABET...... 120 ASTRONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS ...... 121-122 MISCELLANEOUS DATA ...... 123 ERRATA ...... 124

Front Cover: M101. Imaged in June 2008 by Andrea Tasselli from Lincoln, UK. Intes-Micro M809 8 inch (203mm) f/10 Maksutov-Cassegrain with Starlight Xpress SXV-H9 CCD and Astronomik filter set. British Astronomical Association

HANDBOOK FOR 2010

EIGHTY-NINTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Day of Month 2 Calendar BAA Handbook 2010 Preface

The general arrangement of the Handbook remains similar to that of 2009, although some information has been moved to the BAA Computing Section website eg. the Program and Data Library information. We have continued to use A5 format. The work of the Director has been greatly eased by the help of the Editor, Valerie White, and Assistant Director, Sheridan Williams, who have seen all the material through the press. For many years the International Astronomical Union (IAU) has measured all planetographic longitudes positively in the direction opposite to that of rotation, however in 1982 the IAU passed a resolution that longitudes on the Earth should be measured positively in the opposite direction. Despite the illogicalness of this decision it has been decided to accept this ruling in this Handbook commencing with this issue. Andrew Sinclair provided all the tables and diagrams for Saturn’s satellites, the two diagrams for the rising and setting of planets, and the diagram of the appearances of the planets. He also gave assistance with the grazing lunar occultations map. Mitsuo Kawata, International Lunar Occultation Centre, Japan, provided the predictions of lunar occultations. Barry Leggett prepared the table of the satellites of Jupiter from data supplied by William Thuillot of the Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides, who also supplied the diagrams of Jupiter’s satellites. Jean Meeus provided the tables for the mutual events for Jupiter’s and Saturn’s satellites. Richard Miles provided the Pluto and Eris diagrams and Sheridan Williams prepared the diagrams for Uranus and Neptune. Solar and lunar eclipse maps and diagrams were provided by Fred Espenak, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Richard Miles and Andrew Elliott provided the data on minor planets and dwarf planets. Jonathan Shanklin contributed the comet data and John Mason prepared the Meteor Diary. Des Loughney prepared the information on eclipsing binaries. The information for ε Aurigae and the diagram for 3C 66A were provided by John Toone. John Isles contributed the data on Mira stars and double stars. The magnitude data for bright stars and double stars were revised by John Vetterlein and Richard Miles. Programs to calculate data have been written as follows: lunar librations by Ken Hall, Mercury and Venus ephemerides by Tony Evans who also provided the Mars ephemeris and central meridian. The Director has written programs for the calendar page, the ephemerides of the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn, the central meridians of Systems I, II and III of Jupiter, and of Systems I, II and III of Saturn, the Moon’s phases, apsides and rise and set times, the time page, eclipse data, the sky diary, the Sun’s selenographic colongitude, bright stars, and all other data not mentioned above. Andrew White assembled the manuscript for the printers. Unless stated otherwise, all data are tabulated for 0h UT on the date indicated.

GORDON E. TAYLOR Director, Computing Section 20 Badgers Walk Deanland Wood Park Golden Cross, Hailsham East Sussex, BN27 3UT England

BAA Handbook 2010 Preface 3 Highlights for 2010 The following events during 2010 are worthy of note:

Sun and Moon: There will be four eclipses during 2010, two of the Sun and two of the Moon (see p. 9-13). Planets: There will be a close conjunction of Jupiter and Uranus (30 arc min) on June 8.

During 2010 there will be mutual occultations and eclipses of both the Jovian satellites and of the Saturnian satellites. For more details see: http://www.imcce.fr/fr/presentation/equipes/GAP/travaux/phemu09/index_en.html Tables for the Galilean satellites are included on p. 79-80. A list of eclipses, occultations and transits of Titan and a list of Titan-Rhea conjunctions is included on p. 89. Viewing of the phenomena for the other satellites requires a moderate telescope. Predictions can be obtained using the WinJupos software: http://www.grischa-hahn.homepage.t-online.de/astro/winjupos/ Asteroids and Dwarf Planets: Favourable occultations of stars by asteroids visible from the UK/Europe are predicted for (196) Philomela on February 20; (532) Herculina on February 27, (94) Aurora on April 20 and (472) Roma on July 8. Close paases to Earth (0.013 AU) of YU55 (V=15.0) and UV11 (V=11.9) are expected on April 19 and October 29, respectively.

Meteors: The most favourable meteor showers for 2010 will be the Perseids (August 11-13) and the Taurids (November 2-12) (see p.101-103)

Comets: On current predictions the best comet for 2010 is 103P/Hartley which is expected to be brightest during mid October during its close pass to Earth. See the ephemeris on page 99.

Variable stars: The very long period peculiar eclipsing binary ε Aurigae continues in eclipse in 2010. The start of totality is expected on about 2009 December 21. Further information can be found in the Variable Star of the Year section on pages 107-109 and at http://www.aavso.org/vstar/vsots/eps_aur.shtml The eclipse lasts until 2011, so will also be covered in future Handbooks. Observations can be forwarded to the Variable Star section.

Space Probes, Shuttle and Artificial Satellites: Predictions for the International Space Station, other bright satellites and the Space Shuttle (when in orbit) can be found for your geographic location at: http://www.heavens-above.com

Highlights by date: January – April Mutual eclipse and occultation phenomena of Jupiter’s satellites January – September Eclipses, occultations and transit phenomena of Saturn’s satellites Jan. 18.3 Asteroid (7102) Neilbone (V=17.5) at opposition at very low phase angle (0.03 deg.) Feb. 18.0 Asteroid (4) Vesta (V=6.1) at opposition at favourable declination of +20 deg. Aug. 12 Perseid meteor shower Mid October 103P/Hartley brightest during close pass to Earth Nov. 5 Taurid meteor shower Dec. 21 Total lunar eclipse

4 Highlights BAA Handbook 2010 Sky Diary for 2010 (see p. 35 for explanation ) m d h Phenomena m d h Phenomena 1 03 08 Moon 6º S of Mars 7 16 14 Moon 7º S of Saturn 1 03 18 Meteors - Quadrantids 7 31 03 Moon 7º N of Jupiter 1 04 19 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 7 31 08 Mars 2º S of Saturn 1 05 11 Mercury 3º N of Venus 8 07 01 Mercury Gt. Elong. E 1 06 13 Moon 7º S of Saturn 8 08 17 Venus 3º S of Saturn 1 11 21 Venus Sup. Conj. Sun 8 12 00 Moon 2º S of Mercury 1 13 17 Moon 5º S of Mercury 8 12 21 Meteors - Perseids 1 15 07 Annular Eclipse of Sun 8 13 02 Moon 7º S of Saturn 1 15 09 Moon 1º N of Venus 8 13 09 Moon 4º S of Venus 1 18 06 Moon 4º N of Jupiter 8 13 13 Moon 5º S of Mars 1 27 05 Mercury Gt. Elong. W 8 20 04 Venus Gt. Elong. E 1 29 20 Mars Opposition Sun 8 20 10 Neptune Opposition Sun 1 30 05 Moon 6º S of Mars 8 20 19 Venus 2º S of Mars 2 02 21 Moon 7º S of Saturn 8 27 06 Moon 7º N of Jupiter 2 12 05 Moon 2º N of Mercury 9 03 13 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 2 14 21 Moon 5º N of Venus 9 07 21 Moon 2º S of Mercury 2 15 02 Moon 5º N of Jupiter 9 09 17 Moon 7º S of Saturn 2 17 02 Venus 0º.53 S of Jupiter 9 11 05 Moon 5º S of Mars 2 26 03 Moon 5º S of Mars 9 11 13 Moon 0º.3 S of Venus 3 02 05 Moon 7º S of Saturn 9 19 17 Mercury Gt. Elong. W 3 08 02 Mercury 1º S of Jupiter 9 21 12 Jupiter Opposition Sun 3 14 13 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun 9 21 17 Uranus Opposition Sun 3 14 21 Moon 5º N of Jupiter 9 23 05 Moon 7º N of Jupiter 3 16 00 Moon 6º N of Mercury 9 23 23 Venus Gt. Brilliance 3 17 06 Moon 6º N of Venus 10 03 22 Venus 7º S of Mars 3 22 01 Saturn Opposition Sun 10 07 06 Moon 7º S of Mercury 3 25 12 Moon 4º S of Mars 10 07 09 Moon 7º S of Saturn 3 29 12 Moon 7º S of Saturn 10 08 12 Mercury 0º.53 S of Saturn 4 08 23 Mercury Gt. Elong. E 10 09 18 Moon 3º N of Venus 4 11 17 Moon 5º N of Jupiter 10 10 00 Moon 3º S of Mars 4 15 22 Moon 1º N of Mercury 10 17 01 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun 4 16 11 Moon 4º N of Venus 10 20 05 Moon 7º N of Jupiter 4 22 07 Moon 4º S of Mars 10 25 13 Mercury 6º N of Venus 4 25 18 Moon 7º S of Saturn 10 29 01 Venus Inf. Conj. Sun 4 28 17 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 11 04 01 Moon 7º S of Saturn 5 09 13 Moon 6º N of Jupiter 11 05 08 Moon 0º.2 S of Venus 5 12 12 Moon 7º N of Mercury 11 07 04 Moon 2º S of Mercury 5 16 10 Moon 0º.1 N of Venus 11 07 22 Moon 2º S of Mars 5 20 09 Moon 5º S of Mars 11 16 10 Moon 7º N of Jupiter 5 22 23 Moon 7º S of Saturn 11 20 19 Mercury 2º S of Mars 5 26 02 Mercury Gt. Elong. W 12 01 13 Moon 7º S of Saturn 6 06 06 Moon 6º N of Jupiter 12 01 16 Mercury Gt. Elong. E 6 11 01 Moon 5º N of Mercury 12 02 17 Moon 6º S of Venus 6 15 06 Moon 4º S of Venus 12 04 15 Venus Gt. Brilliance 6 17 15 Moon 5º S of Mars 12 06 22 Moon 0º.5 N of Mars 6 19 05 Moon 7º S of Saturn 12 07 09 Moon 2º N of Mercury 6 25 19 Pluto Opposition Sun 12 13 20 Moon 7º N of Jupiter 6 26 11 Partial Eclipse of Moon 12 14 04 Mercury 1º N of Mars 6 28 12 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun 12 14 06 Meteors - Geminids 7 03 19 Moon 7º N of Jupiter 12 20 01 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 7 11 20 Total Eclipse of Sun 12 21 08 Total Eclipse of Moon 7 12 23 Moon 4º S of Mercury 12 28 22 Moon 8º S of Saturn 7 14 21 Moon 5º S of Venus 12 31 13 Moon 7º S of Venus 7 16 01 Moon 6º S of Mars

BAA Handbook 2010 Sky Diary 5 visibility of PLANETS The diagrams on pages 7 and 8, drawn for latitudes N 52° and S 35° respectively, show the times for the actual risings and settings of the Sun and the planets. The beginning and end of astronomical twilight (Sun 18° below horizon) is also shown. The times are in LMT and are thus in GMT (= UT) for the Greenwich meridian.

Since dates change at midnight, the dates at the top differ by one day from those at the foot. Each vertical line, followed upwards, indicates the succession of phenomena in the course of one night. Thus, in latitude N 52° on the night of February 19-20, Mars sets at 06h 40m, Neptune rises at 07h 02m, Jupiter sets at 17h 55m, Uranus sets at 19h 32m and Saturn rises at 20h 12m.

The UT of any phenomenon seen from elsewhere than on the Greenwich meridian may be obtained as follows: 1. Subtract the longitude east of Greenwich, expressed in time. This applies both to rising and to setting times. 2. Add the correction, Δh, from the table below for setting times and subtract it for rising times. The correction should be obtained by interpolating in both latitude and declination.

Thus: Rising time = time from diagram – longitude – Δh Setting time = time from diagram – longitude + Δh

Example: Glasgow, W 0h 17m, N 55°.9. Date February 20. Neptune rises at 07h 02m from the diagram on page 7. Declination of Neptune (page 93) –13°.1; Δh = –12m. Neptune rises at Glasgow at 07h 02m – (–0h 17m) – (–12m) = 07h 31m

Δh TABLE

Latitude Dec. Latitude N 58° N 55° N 50° N 40° N 30° N 20° 0° S 20° S 25° S 30° S 40° S 45° m m m m m m ° m m m m m m +69 +29 –15 –70 –106 –134 29 +91 +45 +31 +17 –20 –43 +62 +26 –14 –66 –100 –127 28 +87 +43 +30 +16 –19 –41 +56 +24 –13 –62 – 94 –120 27 +84 +41 +29 +15 –18 –39 +51 +22 –12 –58 – 89 –114 26 +80 +39 +27 +14 –17 –37 +46 +20 –12 –54 – 84 –107 25 +76 +37 +26 +14 –16 –35 +31 +14 – 8 –40 – 63 – 81 20 +59 +29 +20 +11 –12 –26 +21 +10 – 6 –28 – 45 – 58 15 +43 +21 +15 + 8 – 9 –19 +13 + 6 – 4 –18 – 29 – 37 10 +28 +14 +10 + 5 – 6 –12 + 6 + 3 – 2 – 9 – 14 – 18 5 +14 + 7 + 5 + 2 – 3 – 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

If Dec. is negative, reverse the sign of Δh.

6 Visibility of Planets BAA Handbook 2010 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 27 26 17 16 DEC DEC 7 6 27 26

SAT. rises 17 16

NOV URAN.sets NOV 7 6

JUP. sets 28 27

NEPT.sets 18 17 MARS sets OCT OCT 8 7 TWILIGHT 28 27 18 17 SEP SEP 8 7 29 28 19 18 AUG AUG 9 8 Planets 30 29 20 19 JUL JUL 9 10 30 29 20 19 etting of SUNSET JUN JUN S 9 10 ° MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH SUNRISE the horizon, respectively. 31 30 The dark/light shaded areas indicate Mercury/Venus above and 21 20 PLANETS ON HORIZON. 2010 MAY MAY 11 10 SAT. sets 1 30 LATITUDE N 52 ising 21 20 URAN.rises R APR APR

11 NEPT.rises 10 1 JUP. rises 31 22 21

MAR MAR

12 11 TWILIGHT 2 1 20 19 FEB FEB 9 10

MARS sets SAT. rises

31 URAN.sets NEPT.sets 30 21 20 JAN JAN 11 MARS rises 10 JUP. sets 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16

BAA Handbook 2010 Visibility of Planets 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 27 26 17 16 DEC DEC

7 SAT. rises 6 27 26 NEPT.sets

17 URAN.sets 16 NOV NOV 7 6

JUP. sets the horizon, respectively. 28 27 The dark/light shaded areas indicate Mercury/Venus above 18 17 OCT OCT ° MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH 8 7 28 27 PLANETS ON HORIZON. 2010 18 17 SEP SEP 8 7 SAT.sets LATITUDE S 35 29 28 19 18 AUG AUG Planets 9 8 30 29

20 TWILIGHT 19 JUL JUL 9 10 30 29 etting of 20 19 MARS sets SUNRISE S JUN JUN 9 10 SUNSET 31 30 and 21 20 MAY MAY 11 10 1 30 ising 21 20 R s APR APR

11 NEPT.rises 10 1

SAT. set JUP. rises 31

TWILIGHT 22 21 MAR MAR 12 11 2 1 20 19 FEB FEB 9 10 URAN.rises

JUP. sets 31 30

NEPT.sets 21 20 JAN JAN 11 SAT. risesURAN.sets 10 MARS rises 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16

8 Visibility of Planets BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses

During 2010 there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon.

1. An annular eclipse of the Sun on January 15 is visible as a partial eclipse from Africa, eastern Europe, Asia, and the Indian Ocean. The partial phase begins at 04h 05m and ends at 10h 07m. The annular phase starts on the border between Chad and the Central African Republic. It then crosses Zaire, Uganda, and Kenya, leaving land on the border between Kenya and the Somali Republic. It then crosses the Indian Ocean, the southern tip of India, northern Sri Lanka and Burma, before ending in China, on its eastern coast. Annularity begins at 05h 14m and ends at 08h 59m.

Local Circumstances Begins Ends Place Longitude Latitude Ht. Ph. UT PA UT PA Mag. o o m h m o h m o Antalya E 30.335 N 36.825 2515 P 5 14.1 206 7 00.7 133 0.179 Hartebeespoort E 27.877 S 25.773 1220 P 4 40.1 315 6 15.6 27 0.186 Garissa E 39.667 S 0.417 0 P 4 07.9 262 7 24.5 77 0.914 A 5 30.3 237 5 38.3 104

2. A partial eclipse of the Moon on June 26 is visible from the Americas (except the extreme northerly parts and the extreme east of Brazil), the PacificOcean, Australasia, and eastern Asia. The eclipse begins at 10h 16m and ends at 13h 00m. At maximum eclipse 54% of the Moon’s surface is obscured.

3. A total eclipse of the Sun on July 11 is visible as a partial eclipse from the western and southern parts of South America. The partial phase begins at 17h 10m and ends at 21h 57m. The path of totality starts in the western South Pacific Ocean and ends in the extreme south of South America. Totality begins at 18h 15m and ends at 20h 52m.

Local Circumstances Begins Ends Place Longitude Latitude Ht. Ph. UT PA UT PA Mag. o o m h m o h m o Marquesas W 140.000 S 9.500 0 P 17 20.5 267 22 20.1 10 0.821 Campana W 75.330 S 48.330 0 P 19 42.9 292 21 52.0 113 1.047 T 20 48.6 91 20 51.4 314

4. A total eclipse of the Moon on December 21 is visible from Europe, north and west Africa, the Americas, Australasia (except for the extreme west of Western Australia), and Asia (except India). The partial phase begins at 06h 32m and ends at 10h 02m. Totality begins at 07h 40m and ends at 08h 53m.

BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses 9 Annular Solar Eclipse of 2010 Jan 15

10 Eclipses BAA Handbook 2010 Partial Lunar Eclipse of 2010 Jun 26

BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses 11 Total Solar Eclipse of 2010 Jul 11

12 Eclipses BAA Handbook 2010 Total Lunar Eclipse of 2010 Dec 21

BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses 13 Time

Universal Time (UT, Greenwich Mean Time beginning at midnight) is used generally throughout the Handbook.

Terrestrial Time (TT) is the uniform time system which is used in computing the ephemerides of the bodies of the Solar System. TT is currently ahead of UT by a small amount ΔT which must be determined by observations; thus TT = UT + ΔT The value of ΔT for 2010 is estimated to be about 66 seconds.

Greenwich Mean Astronomical Time (GMAT), or Greenwich Mean Time beginning at noon, was in use before 1925 January 1, and many astronomical records prior to that date are referred to this system. To convert UT to GMAT subtract 12 hours, and to convert GMAT to UT add 12 hours.

Greenwich Sidereal Time (GST) is given in the table on page 15 at 0h UT. It may be obtained with sufficient accuracy for setting the circles of a telescope at any other time by adding 3m.94 for every complete day after a tabulated date, together with the correction for parts of a day from the critical table which follows:

h m h m h m h m 0 00.0 m 5 46.9 m 11 52.2 m 17 57.4 m 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0 18.2 6 23.5 12 28.7 18 33.9 0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1 0 54.7 7 00.0 13 05.3 19 10.5 0.2 1.2 2.2 3.2 1 31.3 7 36.5 13 41.7 19 47.0 0.3 1.3 2.3 3.3 2 07.8 8 13.0 14 18.3 20 23.5 0.4 1.4 2.4 3.4 2 44.3 8 49.6 14 54.8 21 00.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 3 20.8 9 26.1 15 31.3 21 36.6 0.6 1.6 2.6 3.6 3 57.4 10 02.6 16 07.8 22 13.1 0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7 4 33.9 10 39.1 16 44.4 22 49.6 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 5 10.4 11 15.6 17 20.9 23 26.1 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 5 46.9 11 52.2 17 57.4 24 02.7 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 6 23.5 12 28.7 18 33.9 24 39.2 In critical cases ascend. For greater accuracy (±0S.2) use the equation GST (at 0h UT) = 6h.63680 + 0h.06570982 d where d is the number of days from 2010 January 0. Here the sidereal time is actually the mean sidereal time. The difference between mean and apparent sidereal time is never more than about 1.2 seconds.

Local Sidereal Time (LST) and Local Hour Angle (LHA) are found from LST = GST + λ LHA = LST - RA Where λ is the longitude, expressed in time, measured positive eastwards from Greenwich.

The Julian Date, in which the day begins at noon, is used in accurate computing work and is given in the table on page 15.

The Sun’s Longitude is used as a measure of time in meteor work. It may be interpolated from the table on page 15.

14 Time BAA Handbook 2010 Time (cont)

Julian Sun's Long. Julian Sun's Long. 2010 Date GST 2000.0 2010 Date GST 2000.0 2455 h m o 2455 h m o . Jan. -1 195.5 6 34.3 278.28 Jul. 3 380.5 18 43.7 100.84 5.10 4.77 4 200.5 6 54.0 283.37 8 385.5 19 03.4 105.61 5.10 4.77 9 205.5 7 13.7 288.47 13 390.5 19 23.1 110.38 5.09 4.77 14 210.5 7 33.4 293.56 18 395.5 19 42.8 115.15 5.09 4.77 19 215.5 7 53.1 298.66 23 400.5 20 02.5 119.92 5.09 4.78 24 220.5 8 12.8 303.74 28 405.5 20 22.2 124.69 5.08 4.78 29 225.5 8 32.6 308.83 Aug. 2 410.5 20 41.9 129.47 5.08 4.79 Feb. 3 230.5 8 52.3 313.90 7 415.5 21 01.7 134.26 5.07 4.79 8 235.5 9 12.0 318.97 12 420.5 21 21.4 139.06 5.06 4.80 13 240.5 9 31.7 324.03 17 425.5 21 41.1 143.86 5.05 4.81 18 245.5 9 51.4 329.08 22 430.5 22 00.8 148.67 5.04 4.82 23 250.5 10 11.1 334.12 27 435.5 22 20.5 153.49 5.03 4.83 28 255.5 10 30.8 339.15 Sep. 1 440.5 22 40.2 158.32 5.02 4.84 Mar. 5 260.5 10 50.6 344.16 6 445.5 22 59.9 163.16 5.00 4.85 10 265.5 11 10.3 349.17 11 450.5 23 19.6 168.02 4.99 4.87 15 270.5 11 30.0 354.16 16 455.5 23 39.4 172.89 4.98 4.88 20 275.5 11 49.7 359.13 21 460.5 23 59.1 177.77 4.96 4.89 25 280.5 12 09.4 4.10 26 465.5 0 18.8 182.66 4.95 4.91 30 285.5 12 29.1 9.05 Oct. 1 470.5 0 38.5 187.57 4.93 4.92 Apr. 4 290.5 12 48.8 13.98 6 475.5 0 58.2 192.49 4.92 4.94 9 295.5 13 08.5 18.90 11 480.5 1 17.9 197.42 4.91 4.95 14 300.5 13 28.3 23.81 16 485.5 1 37.6 202.37 4.89 4.96 19 305.5 13 48.0 28.70 21 490.5 1 57.3 207.34 4.88 4.98 24 310.5 14 07.7 33.58 26 495.5 2 17.1 212.32 4.87 4.99 29 315.5 14 27.4 38.44 31 500.5 2 36.8 217.31 4.85 5.00 May 4 320.5 14 47.1 43.30 Nov. 5 505.5 2 56.5 222.31 4.84 5.02 9 325.5 15 06.8 48.14 10 510.5 3 16.2 227.33 4.83 5.03 14 330.5 15 26.5 52.97 15 515.5 3 35.9 232.36 4.82 5.04 19 335.5 15 46.2 57.79 20 520.5 3 55.6 237.40 4.81 5.05 24 340.5 16 06.0 62.60 25 525.5 4 15.3 242.45 4.80 5.06 29 345.5 16 25.7 67.40 30 530.5 4 35.0 247.51 4.79 5.07 Jun. 3 350.5 16 45.4 72.19 Dec. 5 535.5 4 54.8 252.58 4.79 5.08 8 355.5 17 05.1 76.98 10 540.5 5 14.5 257.66 4.78 5.08 13 360.5 17 24.8 81.76 15 545.5 5 34.2 262.74 4.78 5.09 18 365.5 17 44.5 86.53 20 550.5 5 53.9 267.83 4.77 5.09 23 370.5 18 04.2 91.31 25 555.5 6 13.6 272.92 4.77 5.09 28 375.5 18 23.9 96.07 30 560.5 6 33.3 278.02 4.77 5.10

The precession in longitude from 2000.0 to 2010.0 is +0.14 degrees and from 2000.0 to 1950.0 is -0.70 degrees.

BAA Handbook 2010 Time 15 Earth Perihelion Jan. 3 (147 million km) : Aphelion July 6 (152 million km) Equinoxes Mar. 20d 17h 32m Sept. 23d 03h 09m Solstices June 21d 11h 28m Dec. 21d 23h 38m Obliquity 2000.0 23°.43929 2010.0 23°.43799

sun The tables on pages 17 and 18 gives the apparent RA, Dec. and diameter of the Sun, the UT of transit across the Greenwich meridian, and P, B0, L0 where P = the position angle of the N end of the axis of rotation, + if east of the north point of the disk, - if west;

B0 = the heliographic latitude of the centre of the disk;

L0 = the heliographic longitude of the centre of the disk.

Decrease of L0 with Time h m h m h m h m h º

0 00 º 1 43 º 3 32 º 5 21 º 6 3.3 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 05 54 43 32 8 4.4 0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1 16 2 05 54 43 10 5.5 0.2 1.2 2.2 3.2 27 16 4 05 54 12 6.6 0.3 1.3 2.3 3.3 38 27 16 6 05 14 7.7 0.4 1.4 2.4 3.4 49 38 27 16 16 8.8 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 1 00 49 38 27 18 9.9 0.6 1.6 2.6 3.6 10 3 00 49 38 20 11.0 0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7 21 10 5 00 49 22 12.1 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 32 21 10 7 00 24 13.2 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 43 32 21 10 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1 54 3 43 5 32 7 21 In critical cases ascend. The heliographic longitude and latitude of a spot may be conveniently estimated by the method described in J. Br. Astron. Assoc., 53, 63 (1943). The dates of commencement of the synodic rotations, in continuation of Carrington’s (Greenwich Photo-Heliographic) series, are as follows: Rotation Begins Rotation Begins Rotation Begins d d d 2092 Jan. 3.50 2097 May 20.00 2102 Oct. 3.13 2093 Jan. 30.84 2098 Jun. 16.20 2103 Oct. 30.42 2094 Feb. 27.17 2099 Jul. 13.40 2104 Nov. 26.73 2095 Mar. 26.49 2100 Aug. 9.62 2105 Dec. 24.05 2096 Apr. 22.77 2101 Sep. 5.86

At the date of commencement of each synodic rotation period the value of L0 is zero; that is, the prime meridian passes through the central point of the disk. The sidereal period of rotation of the Sun used in physical ephemerides is 25.38 mean solar days, after Carrington; the mean synodic rotation period is 27d.2753

16 Earth and Sun BAA Handbook 2010 SUN (continued)

2010 RA Dec. Diam. Transit P B0 L0 h m ° ' ' " h m ° ° ° Jan. -1 18 36.6 -23 10 32 32 12 02.6 +3.1 -2.8 59.2 4 18 58.7 -22 45 32 32 12 04.9 +0.6 -3.4 353.4 9 19 20.6 -22 09 32 32 12 07.1 -1.8 -3.9 287.5 14 19 42.3 -21 22 32 31 12 09.0 -4.1 -4.4 221.7 19 20 03.7 -20 24 32 31 12 10.7 -6.5 -4.9 155.8

24 20 24.8 -19 17 32 30 12 12.1 -8.7 -5.4 90.0 29 20 45.6 -18 01 32 29 12 13.1 -10.9 -5.8 24.2 Feb. 3 21 06.0 -16 37 32 27 12 13.8 -12.9 -6.2 318.3 8 21 26.1 -15 06 32 26 12 14.1 -14.9 -6.5 252.5 13 21 45.9 -13 28 32 24 12 14.2 -16.7 -6.7 186.7

18 22 05.4 -11 45 32 22 12 13.9 -18.3 -6.9 120.8 23 22 24.5 -9 57 32 20 12 13.3 -19.9 -7.1 55.0 28 22 43.5 -8 05 32 18 12 12.5 -21.2 -7.2 349.1 Mar. 5 23 02.2 -6 11 32 15 12 11.5 -22.4 -7.2 283.3 10 23 20.7 -4 14 32 13 12 10.3 -23.5 -7.2 217.4

15 23 39.1 -2 16 32 10 12 08.9 -24.4 -7.2 151.5 20 23 57.3 -0 17 32 07 12 07.5 -25.1 -7.1 85.6 25 0 15.6 +1 41 32 05 12 06.0 -25.7 -6.9 19.7 30 0 33.8 +3 38 32 02 12 04.5 -26.0 -6.7 313.7 Apr. 4 0 52.0 +5 34 31 59 12 03.0 -26.2 -6.4 247.8

9 1 10.3 +7 27 31 57 12 01.6 -26.3 -6.1 181.8 14 1 28.7 +9 17 31 54 12 00.3 -26.1 -5.7 115.8 19 1 47.2 +11 04 31 51 11 59.1 -25.7 -5.3 49.7 24 2 05.9 +12 45 31 49 11 58.2 -25.2 -4.9 343.7 29 2 24.8 +14 22 31 46 11 57.4 -24.5 -4.4 277.6

May 4 2 43.9 +15 52 31 44 11 56.8 -23.6 -3.9 211.6 9 3 03.3 +17 16 31 41 11 56.4 -22.5 -3.4 145.5 14 3 22.9 +18 33 31 39 11 56.3 -21.3 -2.8 79.3 19 3 42.7 +19 42 31 37 11 56.5 -19.9 -2.2 13.2 24 4 02.7 +20 42 31 35 11 56.8 -18.3 -1.6 307.1

29 4 23.0 +21 34 31 34 11 57.4 -16.6 -1.1 240.9 Jun. 3 4 43.4 +22 16 31 32 11 58.1 -14.7 -0.5 174.7 8 5 04.0 +22 49 31 31 11 59.0 -12.8 +0.2 108.6 13 5 24.7 +23 11 31 30 12 00.0 -10.7 +0.8 42.4 18 5 45.5 +23 24 31 29 12 01.1 -8.6 +1.4 336.2

23 6 06.3 +23 26 31 28 12 02.2 -6.4 +1.9 270.0 28 6 27.1 +23 18 31 28 12 03.2 -4.1 +2.5 203.8

BAA Handbook 2010 Sun 17 SUN (continued)

2010 RA Dec. Diam. Transit P B0 L0 h m ° ' ' " h m ° ° ° Jul. 3 6 47.8 +22 59 31 28 12 04.2 -1.9 +3.1 137.7 8 7 08.4 +22 31 31 28 12 05.1 +0.4 +3.6 71.5 13 7 28.8 +21 52 31 28 12 05.8 +2.7 +4.1 5.3 18 7 49.0 +21 05 31 28 12 06.2 +4.9 +4.6 299.1 23 8 09.0 +20 08 31 29 12 06.5 +7.0 +5.0 233.0

28 8 28.7 +19 03 31 30 12 06.5 +9.1 +5.5 166.8 Aug. 2 8 48.2 +17 51 31 31 12 06.3 +11.1 +5.8 100.7 7 9 07.5 +16 30 31 32 12 05.8 +13.1 +6.2 34.6 12 9 26.5 +15 04 31 34 12 05.1 +14.9 +6.5 328.5 17 9 45.3 +13 31 31 36 12 04.1 +16.6 +6.7 262.4

22 10 03.8 +11 53 31 37 12 02.9 +18.2 +6.9 196.3 27 10 22.2 +10 10 31 39 12 01.5 +19.7 +7.1 130.2 Sep. 1 10 40.4 +8 24 31 42 12 00.0 +21.0 +7.2 64.2 6 10 58.5 +6 34 31 44 11 58.4 +22.2 +7.2 358.1 11 11 16.5 +4 41 31 46 11 56.7 +23.3 +7.2 292.1

16 11 34.4 +2 46 31 49 11 54.9 +24.2 +7.2 226.1 21 11 52.4 +0 50 31 51 11 53.1 +24.9 +7.1 160.1 26 12 10.3 -1 07 31 54 11 51.4 +25.5 +6.9 94.1 Oct. 1 12 28.3 -3 04 31 57 11 49.7 +26.0 +6.7 28.1 6 12 46.5 -5 00 31 59 11 48.1 +26.2 +6.5 322.1

11 13 04.8 -6 54 32 02 11 46.8 +26.3 +6.2 256.2 16 13 23.3 -8 46 32 05 11 45.6 +26.2 +5.8 190.2 21 13 42.1 -10 35 32 08 11 44.7 +25.9 +5.4 124.3 26 14 01.1 -12 20 32 10 11 44.0 +25.4 +5.0 58.3 31 14 20.4 -14 00 32 13 11 43.6 +24.7 +4.5 352.4

Nov. 5 14 40.1 -15 35 32 15 11 43.6 +23.8 +4.0 286.5 10 15 00.1 -17 03 32 18 11 43.9 +22.7 +3.4 220.5 15 15 20.4 -18 24 32 20 11 44.6 +21.4 +2.9 154.6 20 15 41.1 -19 37 32 22 11 45.6 +20.0 +2.3 88.7 25 16 02.1 -20 41 32 24 11 46.9 +18.3 +1.7 22.8

30 16 23.5 -21 35 32 26 11 48.6 +16.5 +1.0 316.9 Dec. 5 16 45.1 -22 19 32 27 11 50.6 +14.6 +0.4 251.0 10 17 07.0 -22 53 32 29 11 52.7 +12.5 -0.2 185.1 15 17 29.0 -23 15 32 30 11 55.1 +10.3 -0.9 119.2 20 17 51.2 -23 25 32 31 11 57.5 +8.0 -1.5 53.4

25 18 13.4 -23 24 32 31 12 00.0 +5.6 -2.1 347.5 30 18 35.5 -23 11 32 32 12 02.5 +3.2 -2.7 281.6

18 Sun BAA Handbook 2010 moon

PHASES OF THE MOON New Moon First Quarter Full Moon Last Quarter d h m d h m d h m d h m Jan. 7 10 39 Jan. 15 07 11 Jan. 23 10 53 Jan. 30 06 18 Feb. 5 23 48 Feb. 14 02 51 Feb. 22 00 42 Feb. 28 16 38 Mar. 7 15 42 Mar. 15 21 01 Mar. 23 11 00 Mar. 30 02 25 Apr. 6 09 37 Apr. 14 12 29 Apr. 21 18 20 Apr. 28 12 18 May 6 04 15 May 14 01 04 May 20 23 43 May 27 23 07 Jun. 4 22 13 Jun. 12 11 15 Jun. 19 04 29 Jun. 26 11 30 Jul. 4 14 35 Jul. 11 19 40 Jul. 18 10 11 Jul. 26 01 37 Aug. 3 04 59 Aug. 10 03 08 Aug. 16 18 14 Aug. 24 17 05 Sept. 1 17 22 Sept. 8 10 30 Sept. 15 05 50 Sept. 23 09 17 Oct. 1 03 52 Oct. 7 18 44 Oct. 14 21 27 Oct. 23 01 37 Oct. 30 12 46 Nov. 6 04 52 Nov. 13 16 39 Nov. 21 17 27 Nov. 28 20 36 Dec. 5 17 36 Dec. 13 13 59 Dec. 21 08 13 Dec. 28 04 18

APSIDES PERIGEE APOGEE Date Diam. Date Diam. Date Diam. Date Diam. d h ' " d h ' " d h ' " d h ' " Jan. 1 21 33 19 Jul. 13 11 33 05 Jan. 17 02 29 24 Jul. 29 00 29 26 Jan. 30 09 33 30 Aug. 10 18 33 23 Feb. 13 02 29 24 Aug. 25 06 29 24 Feb. 27 22 33 23 Sep. 8 04 33 27 Mar. 12 10 29 26 Sep. 21 08 29 25 Mar. 28 05 33 01 Oct. 6 14 33 14 Apr. 9 03 29 31 Oct. 18 18 29 28 Apr. 24 21 32 33 Nov. 3 17 32 49 May 6 22 29 34 Nov. 15 12 29 32 May 20 09 32 19 Nov. 30 19 32 21 June 3 17 29 34 Dec. 13 09 29 33 June 15 15 32 39 Dec. 25 12 32 26 July 1 10 29 30

LIBRATION Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Date Size PA Date Size PA Date Size PA Date Size PA d º º d º º d º º d º º Jan. 8.14 9.9 335 Jan. 1.78 0.6 51 Jul. 18.75 9.0 337 Jul. 12.51 3.0 57 Jan. 23.46 10.1 110 Jan. 15.65 1.4 216 Aug. 3.06 9.0 112 Jul. 26.00 3.6 217 Feb. 4.95 10.2 332 Jan. 29.85 2.1 53 Aug. 15.64 9.4 329 Aug. 9.54 4.0 54 Feb. 20.09 9.5 112 Feb. 12.23 2.0 212 Aug. 30.82 8.4 112 Aug. 22.77 4.3 210 Mar. 4.87 9.6 330 Feb. 26.86 3.4 56 Sep. 12.72 9.1 321 Sep. 6.66 5.1 52 Mar. 19.03 8.5 117 Mar. 11.76 2.6 209 Sep. 26.43 7.4 120 Sep. 19.57 5.1 204 Apr. 1.52 8.5 332 Mar. 26.25 4.1 63 Oct. 10.76 8.1 315 Oct. 4.35 5.9 55 Apr. 14.73 8.0 122 Apr. 8.09 3.1 210 Oct. 22.46 6.9 133 Oct. 17.13 5.6 201 Apr. 28.51 7.6 342 Apr. 21.63 3.6 73 Nov. 6.27 6.8 336 Oct. 28.57 5.4 86 May 11.84 8.1 121 May 5.18 3.2 214 Nov. 18.48 7.0 135 Nov. 12.92 5.8 210 May 25.16 7.6 350 May 18.44 2.6 70 Dec. 1.25 6.8 13 Nov. 24.95 4.3 80 Jun. 8.35 8.5 118 Jun. 1.19 3.1 220 Dec. 16.25 7.3 129 Dec. 8.03 5.3 251 Jun. 21.23 8.2 345 Jun. 14.77 2.4 62 Dec. 28.88 7.2 0 Dec. 22.81 4.2 69 Jul. 6.14 8.9 115 Jun. 28.44 3.2 221

No t e : Size of libration is given as an angle measured at the centre of the Moon. Position angle (PA) is measured through East on the face of the Moon from the North point of the disk. BAA Handbook 2010 Moon 19 Sun’s Selenographic Colongitude

Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 94.7 111.5 92.3 109.8 115.7 134.2 140.8 159.7 178.4 184.4 202.1 207.2 2 106.8 123.7 104.4 122.0 127.9 146.4 153.1 171.9 190.6 196.6 214.3 219.4 3 118.9 135.8 116.5 134.1 140.1 158.6 165.3 184.1 202.8 208.8 226.5 231.6 4 131.0 147.9 128.7 146.3 152.2 170.8 177.5 196.4 215.0 221.0 238.7 243.8 5 143.2 160.1 140.8 158.5 164.4 183.1 189.7 208.6 227.2 233.2 250.9 256.0

6 155.3 172.3 153.0 170.7 176.7 195.3 201.9 220.8 239.5 245.4 263.1 268.2 7 167.5 184.4 165.2 182.9 188.9 207.5 214.2 233.1 251.7 257.7 275.3 280.3 8 179.6 196.6 177.3 195.0 201.1 219.7 226.4 245.3 263.9 269.9 287.5 292.5 9 191.8 208.8 189.5 207.3 213.3 232.0 238.7 257.6 276.2 282.1 299.7 304.7 10 203.9 221.0 201.7 219.5 225.5 244.2 250.9 269.8 288.4 294.3 311.9 316.9

11 216.1 233.1 213.9 231.7 237.8 256.5 263.2 282.1 300.6 306.5 324.1 329.1 12 228.3 245.3 226.1 243.9 250.0 268.7 275.4 294.3 312.9 318.7 336.3 341.3 13 240.5 257.5 238.3 256.1 262.2 281.0 287.7 306.5 325.1 330.9 348.5 353.4 14 252.7 269.7 250.5 268.4 274.5 293.2 299.9 318.8 337.3 343.1 0.7 5.6 15 264.9 281.9 262.7 280.6 286.7 305.5 312.2 331.0 349.5 355.3 12.8 17.7

16 277.1 294.1 274.9 292.8 299.0 317.7 324.4 343.2 1.7 7.5 25.0 29.9 17 289.2 306.3 287.1 305.0 311.2 330.0 336.7 355.5 13.9 19.7 37.1 42.0 18 301.4 318.5 299.3 317.3 323.4 342.2 348.9 7.7 26.1 31.9 49.3 54.2 19 313.6 330.7 311.5 329.5 335.7 354.4 1.1 19.9 38.3 44.0 61.4 66.3 20 325.8 342.9 323.8 341.7 347.9 6.6 13.3 32.1 50.5 56.2 73.6 78.4

21 338.0 355.1 336.0 353.9 0.1 18.9 25.5 44.3 62.6 68.3 85.7 90.6 22 350.1 7.2 348.1 6.1 12.3 31.1 37.7 56.5 74.8 80.5 97.8 102.7 23 2.3 19.4 0.3 18.3 24.5 43.3 49.9 68.7 87.0 92.6 110.0 114.8 24 14.5 31.5 12.5 30.5 36.7 55.5 62.1 80.8 99.2 104.8 122.1 127.0 25 26.6 43.7 24.7 42.7 48.9 67.7 74.3 93.0 111.3 117.0 134.3 139.1

26 38.8 55.8 36.9 54.8 61.1 79.9 86.5 105.2 123.5 129.1 146.4 151.2 27 50.9 68.0 49.0 67.0 73.3 92.1 98.7 117.4 135.7 141.3 158.6 163.4 28 63.0 80.1 61.2 79.2 85.5 104.2 110.9 129.6 147.8 153.4 170.7 175.5 29 75.2 73.3 91.3 97.6 116.4 123.1 141.8 160.0 165.6 182.9 187.7 30 87.3 85.5 103.5 109.8 128.6 135.3 154.0 172.2 177.8 195.0 199.8

31 99.4 97.6 122.0 147.5 166.2 189.9 212.0

The Sun’s selenographic colongitude, is numerically equal to the selenographic longitude of the morning terminator, measured eastward from the mean centre of the disk. Its value is approximately 270° at New Moon, 0° at First Quarter, 90° at Full Moon, and 180° at Last Quarter. Observers should always quote the west or east longitude of the morning or evening terminator, as appropriate. These values are obtained from the Sun’s selenographic colongitude S as follows: Terminator S Longitude New Moon to First Quarter Morning 270° to 360° 360°-S West First Quarter to Full Moon Morning 0° to 90° S East Full Moon to Last Quarter Evening 90° to 180° 180°-S West Last Quarter to New Moon Evening 180° to 270° S-180° East The hourly increase in S may be taken as 0°.5

20 Moon BAA Handbook 2010 Moonrise and moonset

On the two following pages are given the times (UT) of moonrise and moonset for longitude (λ) 0°, in the standard latitudes (φ) of N 52° and S 35°. Observers in most other latitudes can determine approximate times using the following method, where the times of moonrise and moonset are for the standard latitude in the same hemisphere as the observer. The basis of the method is given in J. Br. Astron. Assoc., 86, 416 (1976).

N 52° S35° 1. For a moonrise, R1, use the previous moonset, S0, and the following moonset, a Dec. a S2. Form h m ° h m m a = -2R1+S0+S2+8 0 00 0 0 00 0 21 1 0 12 2. For a moonset, S1, use the previous moonrise, R0, and the following moonrise, R . Form 0 42 2 0 23 2 1 03 3 0 35 a = 2S -R -R +8m 1 0 2 1 25 4 0 46 3. Enter the table on the right with argument a and obtain the Moon’s Dec., by 1 46 5 0 58 mental interpolation, to 0º.1. 2 07 6 1 10 2 29 7 1 21 4. Enter the table on p. 6 with this Dec. and the required latitude to obtain Δh. 2 51 8 1 33

5. Moonrise for required latitude = R1 - 1.04 Δh. 3 13 9 1 45

Moonset for required latitude = S1 + 1.04 Δh. 3 35 10 1 57 The accuracy of the times so derived is ±3m. 3 58 11 2 09 4 20 12 2 21 The times thus found are for longitude 0º. For other longitudes it is necessary 4 44 13 2 33 to calculate the times of the previous (following) similar phenomenon at the 5 07 14 2 46 standard latitude if the observer is east (west) of Greenwich and then interpolate 5 31 15 2 58 them to the observer’s longitude. 5 56 16 3 11 Example. Calculate the UT of moonrise on April 27 at W 0º, N 20º. The times 6 21 17 3 24 6 46 18 3 37 are from p.22. 7 12 19 3 51 d h m d h m 7 39 20 4 04 S0 27 03 37 -2R1 - 55 13 12 Dec. -14°.8 8 07 21 4 18 m R1 27 18 36 S0+S2 + 55 07 37 Δh +57 8 35 22 4 32 m S2 28 04 00 Sum - 5 35 1.04 Δh +59 9 05 23 4 46 + 8 9 36 24 5 01 a - 5 27 10 08 25 5 16 Required UT = 27d 18h 36m - (+59m) = 27d 17h 37m 10 41 26 5 31 11 16 27 5 47 Example. Calculate the LMT of moonrise on April 27 at E 108° (= +108°), N 20°. 11 53 28 6 03 The times are from p.22. 12 31 29 6 20 Diff. Diff. same opp Moonrise (-1d) Moonset (-1d) sign Dec sign d h m m d h m m as a } {to a 26 17 11 26 03 18 85 19 27 18 36 27 03 37 23 28 04 00 d h m d h m m S0 27 03 37 - (19 x 108/360) = 27 03 31 m R1 27 18 36 - (85 x 108/360) = 27 18 10 m S2 28 04 00 - (23 x 108/360) = 28 03 37

These new values of S0, R1, S2 are then used in the same manner as shown in the previous example. The required time in (LMT) is found as 27d 17h 17m.

BAA Handbook 2010 Moonrise and Moonset 21 Moonrise and Moonset Moonrise and Moonset

IN Latitude N 52º IN Latitude N 52º

January February March April May June July August September October November December Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Day h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m h m

1 17 01 8 43 20 27 8 17 19 19 6 37 22 27 6 00 23 24 5 50 23 27 7 54 22 20 9 07 21 26 11 28 21 32 13 57 22 40 14 23 0 32 14 07 2 26 13 09 2 18 33 9 14 21 53 8 34 20 47 6 54 23 41 6 31 .. .. 6 46 23 45 9 04 22 33 10 15 21 47 12 40 22 29 14 58 .. .. 14 56 1 56 14 26 3 50 13 32 3 20 03 9 38 23 17 8 51 22 12 7 13 .. .. 7 10 0 07 7 51 .. .. 10 13 22 47 11 23 22 14 13 53 23 39 15 48 0 02 15 22 3 21 14 45 5 13 14 00 4 21 30 9 56 .. .. 9 09 23 35 7 34 0 45 8 01 0 40 9 00 0 00 11 22 23 03 12 32 22 51 15 05 .. .. 16 27 1 27 15 44 4 47 15 06 6 33 14 37 5 22 54 10 13 0 39 9 32 .. .. 8 00 1 34 9 00 1 04 10 10 0 13 12 30 23 21 13 44 23 41 16 12 1 00 16 58 2 54 16 04 6 13 15 32 7 46 15 24

6 .. .. 10 29 1 57 9 59 0 52 8 34 2 12 10 06 1 24 11 20 0 27 13 39 23 45 14 58 .. .. 17 11 2 27 17 22 4 21 16 23 7 38 16 04 8 46 16 22 7 0 16 10 45 3 09 10 35 2 01 9 17 2 40 11 15 1 40 12 28 0 42 14 50 .. .. 16 13 0 46 17 57 3 57 17 43 5 50 16 44 8 57 16 46 9 33 17 29 8 1 36 11 04 4 11 11 20 2 57 10 10 3 02 12 25 1 54 13 37 0 59 16 04 0 17 17 25 2 05 18 32 5 27 18 02 7 18 17 07 10 05 17 38 10 09 18 40 9 2 54 11 27 5 02 12 16 3 40 11 11 3 20 13 34 2 08 14 46 1 19 17 20 1 00 18 31 3 32 19 00 6 56 18 22 8 45 17 35 10 59 18 40 10 36 19 52 10 4 09 11 57 5 41 13 20 4 13 12 18 3 35 14 43 2 22 15 56 1 47 18 36 1 59 19 24 5 02 19 22 8 25 18 43 10 08 18 11 11 40 19 49 10 57 21 03

11 5 18 12 35 6 11 14 28 4 39 13 27 3 49 15 52 2 37 17 10 2 24 19 46 3 12 20 05 6 33 19 41 9 52 19 07 11 21 18 57 12 11 21 00 11 14 22 12 12 6 16 13 24 6 34 15 38 4 58 14 37 4 02 17 02 2 56 18 25 3 15 20 46 4 37 20 35 8 01 20 00 11 16 19 38 12 22 19 53 12 34 22 10 11 29 23 19 13 7 04 14 23 6 52 16 48 5 14 15 46 4 17 18 13 3 19 19 42 4 21 21 33 6 06 20 59 9 28 20 19 12 32 20 17 13 09 20 57 12 53 23 19 11 44 .. .. 14 7 40 15 29 7 07 17 57 5 29 16 55 4 33 19 28 3 50 20 56 5 39 22 08 7 35 21 19 10 54 20 40 13 39 21 05 13 44 22 06 13 09 .. .. 11 59 0 26 15 8 07 16 38 7 21 19 06 5 42 18 05 4 52 20 43 4 32 22 01 7 04 22 34 9 02 21 37 12 17 21 06 14 32 22 03 14 10 23 15 13 24 0 27 12 15 1 34

16 8 28 17 49 7 33 20 15 5 55 19 15 5 18 21 59 5 28 22 55 8 31 22 55 10 27 21 55 13 36 21 38 15 13 23 09 14 31 .. .. 13 39 1 34 12 34 2 43 17 8 45 18 58 7 47 21 25 6 10 20 27 5 51 23 09 6 38 23 36 9 56 23 14 11 50 22 13 14 47 22 19 15 44 .. .. 14 49 0 25 13 54 2 42 12 57 3 54 18 8 59 20 07 8 01 22 38 6 26 21 41 6 37 .. .. 7 57 .. .. 11 20 23 31 13 12 22 35 15 48 23 10 16 08 0 17 15 04 1 33 14 11 3 51 13 26 5 06 19 9 12 21 16 8 18 23 52 6 47 22 56 7 36 0 10 9 21 0 06 12 42 23 48 14 32 23 02 16 36 .. .. 16 27 1 27 15 19 2 40 14 31 5 01 14 06 6 16 20 9 24 22 25 8 40 .. .. 7 13 .. .. 8 48 0 58 10 45 0 30 14 03 .. .. 15 48 23 36 17 13 0 10 16 43 2 35 15 33 3 48 14 57 6 13 14 58 7 20

21 9 38 23 36 9 09 1 08 7 50 0 10 10 08 1 35 12 09 0 49 15 24 0 07 16 56 .. .. 17 41 1 17 16 58 3 44 15 49 4 56 15 31 7 25 16 04 8 14 22 9 53 .. .. 9 49 2 21 8 38 1 17 11 32 2 03 13 31 1 07 16 43 0 30 17 52 0 20 18 03 2 26 17 12 4 51 16 07 6 06 16 15 8 32 17 20 8 57 23 10 12 0 50 10 44 3 27 9 42 2 15 12 57 2 25 14 53 1 24 17 57 0 59 18 37 1 14 18 20 3 36 17 26 5 59 16 29 7 17 17 12 9 32 18 42 9 31 24 10 36 2 07 11 55 4 22 10 58 3 00 14 22 2 44 16 16 1 42 19 02 1 36 19 10 2 17 18 36 4 45 17 42 7 07 16 56 8 28 18 21 10 21 20 06 9 57 25 11 10 3 25 13 18 5 04 12 22 3 34 15 46 3 01 17 38 2 02 19 56 2 24 19 36 3 26 18 50 5 53 18 01 8 17 17 33 9 38 19 37 10 59 21 30 10 19

26 11 58 4 38 14 48 5 35 13 49 4 00 17 11 3 18 18 57 2 27 20 37 3 22 19 56 4 36 19 04 7 01 18 23 9 28 18 20 10 43 20 58 11 28 22 52 10 38 27 13 02 5 43 16 20 5 59 15 18 4 21 18 36 3 37 20 10 2 59 21 08 4 28 20 13 5 46 19 18 8 08 18 53 10 39 19 19 11 38 22 20 11 52 .. .. 10 56 28 14 23 6 33 17 50 6 19 16 45 4 40 19 59 4 00 21 12 3 40 21 31 5 38 20 28 6 55 19 34 9 17 19 31 11 47 20 30 12 22 23 42 12 12 0 14 11 15 29 15 54 7 10 18 12 4 57 21 18 4 27 22 01 4 33 21 50 6 49 20 41 8 03 19 53 10 27 20 22 12 49 21 48 12 57 .. .. 12 31 1 36 11 36 30 17 27 7 37 19 39 5 15 22 27 5 03 22 38 5 35 22 06 7 59 20 55 9 11 20 18 11 39 21 26 13 41 23 09 13 25 1 04 12 49 2 58 12 02

31 18 59 7 59 21 05 5 35 23 06 6 43 21 10 10 19 20 49 12 50 .. .. 13 47 4 17 12 35

22 Moonrise and Moonset BAA Handbook 2010 Moonrise and Moonset Moonrise and Moonset

IN Latitude N 52º IN Latitude N 52º

31 18 59 7 59 21 05 5 35 23 06 6 43 21 10 10 19 20 49 12 50 .. .. 13 47 4 17 12 35

BAA Handbook 2010 Moonrise and Moonset 23 Moonrise and Moonset Moonrise and Moonset IN Latitude S 35º IN Latitude S 35º

1 20 07 5 20 20 27 7 50 18 54 6 34 19 14 8 51 19 32 9 42 21 12 10 30 21 51 9 58 23 28 9 46 0 19 10 16 1 00 11 03 1 40 13 25 1 20 14 39 2 20 50 6 35 20 59 9 00 19 27 7 45 19 59 9 58 20 29 10 35 22 9 11 02 22 46 10 23 .. .. 10 17 1 19 11 09 1 47 12 10 2 13 14 34 1 55 15 47 3 21 26 7 50 21 32 10 09 20 02 8 56 20 50 11 00 21 28 11 20 23 05 11 30 23 42 10 49 0 27 10 52 2 15 12 10 2 29 13 20 2 47 15 44 2 34 16 56 4 21 59 9 02 22 06 11 17 20 40 10 05 21 44 11 56 22 26 11 59 .. .. 11 56 .. .. 11 16 1 29 11 34 3 8 13 17 3 07 14 31 3 21 16 54 3 18 18 03 5 22 29 10 11 22 44 12 23 21 22 11 12 22 41 12 44 23 23 12 32 0 01 12 21 0 39 11 45 2 31 12 23 3 54 14 28 3 43 15 42 3 59 18 06 4 08 19 06

6 23 00 11 18 23 26 13 26 22 08 12 15 23 39 13 26 .. .. 13 02 0 56 12 48 1 39 12 18 3 32 13 22 4 36 15 41 4 17 16 54 4 41 19 16 5 04 20 02 7 23 31 12 24 .. .. 14 26 22 59 13 13 .. .. 14 02 0 20 13 29 1 53 13 15 2 41 12 57 4 29 14 28 5 13 16 55 4 51 18 06 5 29 20 22 6 03 20 50 8 .. .. 13 28 0 13 15 21 23 54 14 05 0 37 14 33 1 15 13 55 2 53 13 47 3 45 13 43 5 20 15 40 5 49 18 08 5 28 19 19 6 22 21 22 7 04 21 31 9 0 06 14 32 1 05 16 09 .. .. 14 50 1 33 15 02 2 11 14 21 3 55 14 23 4 49 14 38 6 05 16 54 6 23 19 20 6 08 20 30 7 19 22 14 8 05 22 06 10 0 44 15 33 2 00 16 52 0 50 15 29 2 29 15 28 3 08 14 48 4 59 15 06 5 49 15 42 6 44 18 08 6 58 20 32 6 52 21 38 8 19 22 58 9 04 22 38

11 1 27 16 31 2 57 17 29 1 48 16 02 3 25 15 54 4 07 15 17 6 04 15 57 6 44 16 53 7 20 19 21 7 36 21 43 7 42 22 41 9 20 23 36 10 01 23 06 12 2 16 17 24 3 54 18 01 2 45 16 32 4 22 16 20 5 08 15 51 7 06 16 57 7 32 18 06 7 54 20 33 8 17 22 52 8 36 23 36 10 19 .. .. 10 57 23 32 13 3 09 18 11 4 51 18 30 3 41 17 00 5 19 16 48 6 11 16 29 8 04 18 03 8 13 19 19 8 28 21 43 9 02 23 56 9 34 .. .. 11 16 0 09 11 51 23 58 14 4 05 18 52 5 48 18 56 4 37 17 26 6 19 17 18 7 16 17 15 8 55 19 14 8 50 20 31 9 03 22 53 9 52 .. .. 10 33 0 23 12 12 0 38 12 46 .. .. 15 5 03 19 27 6 44 19 22 5 33 17 51 7 20 17 53 8 19 18 09 9 39 20 26 9 24 21 41 9 40 .. .. 10 46 0 53 11 32 1 04 13 07 1 05 13 42 0 25

16 6 01 19 58 7 40 19 47 6 30 18 17 8 24 18 34 9 19 19 11 10 17 21 36 9 56 22 50 10 21 0 00 11 43 1 44 12 29 1 39 14 02 1 31 14 40 0 54 17 6 58 20 26 8 36 20 13 7 28 18 45 9 27 19 21 10 13 20 18 10 51 22 45 10 29 23 57 11 07 1 05 12 41 2 28 13 25 2 09 14 58 1 58 15 40 1 26 18 7 54 20 52 9 34 20 41 8 28 19 17 10 29 20 17 11 00 21 27 11 23 23 52 11 03 .. .. 11 57 2 05 13 39 3 06 14 21 2 37 15 55 2 25 16 41 2 03 19 8 49 21 17 10 34 21 13 9 29 19 52 11 26 21 19 11 40 22 37 11 54 .. .. 11 40 1 04 12 52 3 00 14 36 3 38 15 16 3 04 16 54 2 56 17 42 2 47 20 9 45 21 42 11 36 21 51 10 32 20 34 12 16 22 26 12 16 23 45 12 26 0 59 12 22 2 10 13 49 3 48 15 32 4 08 16 11 3 30 17 55 3 30 18 40 3 38

21 10 42 22 09 12 39 22 35 11 34 21 24 13 01 23 35 12 49 .. .. 13 01 2 05 13 09 3 12 14 47 4 29 16 27 4 35 17 08 3 57 18 56 4 10 19 34 4 36 22 11 41 22 38 13 42 23 28 12 35 22 21 13 40 .. .. 13 20 0 53 13 40 3 11 14 01 4 11 15 45 5 05 17 23 5 01 18 05 4 25 19 56 4 56 20 23 5 41 23 12 42 23 13 14 43 .. .. 13 30 23 25 14 15 0 44 13 51 1 59 14 23 4 16 14 57 5 03 16 42 5 36 18 18 5 27 19 05 4 57 20 51 5 50 21 05 6 49 24 13 47 23 53 15 38 0 30 14 19 .. .. 14 47 1 53 14 25 3 06 15 12 5 19 15 55 5 49 17 38 6 05 19 15 5 54 20 05 5 32 21 42 6 50 21 42 7 59 25 14 53 .. .. 16 27 1 39 15 03 0 34 15 19 3 02 15 01 4 14 16 06 6 16 16 53 6 28 18 33 6 31 20 13 6 23 21 05 6 14 22 26 7 55 22 17 9 08

26 15 58 0 43 17 09 2 52 15 41 1 46 15 52 4 11 15 42 5 21 17 04 7 07 17 51 7 03 19 28 6 57 21 12 6 55 22 03 7 02 23 06 9 02 22 49 10 16 27 16 58 1 42 17 47 4 07 16 16 2 57 16 27 5 20 16 28 6 27 18 03 7 51 18 48 7 33 20 24 7 23 22 12 7 32 22 56 7 56 23 41 10 09 23 22 11 23 28 17 52 2 51 18 21 5 21 16 49 4 09 17 05 6 29 17 20 7 28 19 02 8 29 19 44 8 01 21 20 7 50 23 11 8 14 23 44 8 57 .. .. 11 16 23 56 12 30 29 18 39 4 05 17 22 5 20 17 49 7 37 18 16 8 24 19 59 9 02 20 39 8 27 22 19 8 19 .. .. 9 04 .. .. 10 02 0 14 12 23 .. .. 13 38 30 19 19 5 21 17 56 6 31 18 38 8 42 19 15 9 13 20 56 9 31 21 34 8 52 23 19 8 52 0 08 10 01 0 27 11 09 0 47 13 31 0 33 14 45

31 19 55 6 37 18 33 7 41 20 14 9 54 22 30 9 18 .. .. 9 31 1 05 12 17 1 14 15 51

24 Moonrise and Moonset BAA Handbook 2010 Moonrise and Moonset Moonrise and Moonset IN Latitude S 35º IN Latitude S 35º

31 19 55 6 37 18 33 7 41 20 14 9 54 22 30 9 18 .. .. 9 31 1 05 12 17 1 14 15 51

BAA Handbook 2010 Moonrise and Moonset 25 Lunar Occultations Except near new and full Moon, occultations of all stars down to magnitude 7.5, visible from the three pairs of stations whose co-ordinates are tabulated below, are given in the following lists. The stars are referred to by their numbers in the Zodiacal Catalog (Astr. Papers of the American Ephemeris, X, part II, 1940). Long. (λ) Lat. (φ) Long. (λ) Lat. (φ) ° ° ° ° Greenwich 0.0 +51.5 Edinburgh -3.2 +56.0 Sydney +151.2 -33.9 Melbourne +145.1 -37.9 Dunedin +170.5 -45.9 Wellington +174.8 -41.3

Phase. The first letter indicates whether disappearance (D) or reappearance (R).The second letter indicates whether the limb is dark (D) or bright (B). Column 5 gives the Elongation of the Moon from the Sun. P is the position angle of the star, measured to the east from the north point of the Moon. The time of occultation at a place Δλ degrees east and Δφ degrees north of one of the stations for which a prediction is given may be found from: predicted time -a.Δλ + b.Δφ in which the coefficientsa and b are given in the table in minutes. If the observer is west of the station, Δλ is taken as negative: similarly Δ φ is negative if the observer is south of the station. For distances up to 500 km the error will not usually exceed 2 minutes. If the observer is at a place between two standard stations, for both of which the coefficientsa and b are given, a better result can be obtained by using the values of a and b for a latitude midway between that of the observer and the nearer station. If φ1, a1, b1 apply to this station, and (φ2, a2,b2 to the more distant, and φ is the latitude of the observer, then

ϕϕ ϕϕ aa - 1 (aa) - 1 =1 + 2- 1 bb1 (b2b1) 2(ϕϕ) =+ϕϕ - 2- 1 2(2- 1) Example: Observer at Coventry, λ = -1°.5, φ = +52°.4. Disappearance of ZC1110 on January 28. The nearer station is Greenwich, the other Edinburgh.

a1 = -0.6 b1 = +1.5 φ1 = +51°.5

a2 = -0.4 b2 = +2.0 φ2 = +56°.0

whence a = -0.6 b= +1.6 Δλ = -1.5 Δφ = +0°.9. Approximate time at Coventry = 18h 45m.2 - (-0m.6)(-1.5) + (+1m.6)(+0.9) = 18h 45m.7 When an occultation is given for one station of a pair, but not the other, the reason for the exclusion is as follows: N = Star is not occulted. A = Star’s altitude is less than 10°; planet’s less than 2°. S = The sky is too bright to allow observation of the phenomenon. G = An occultation of a very short duration will occur at the standard station. The coefficientsa and b are omitted where their use would cause an unreliable prediction for another station.

26 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2010 LunarLunar Occu Occultationsltations GREENWICH EDINBURGH E 0º.0 N 51º.5 W 3º.2 N 56 º.0 Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º Jan. 1 1193 5.4 RD 195 21 35.9 -0.9 -0.2 316 21 30.6 -0.8 -1.0 336 3 1458 5.9 RD 224 22 58.7 G 359 N 4 1468 4.9 RD 226 1 41.6 -1.4 +0.4 278 1 39.2 -1.1 +0.3 288 6 1713 5.8 RD 255 5 22.5 -1.5 -0.6 284 5 15.7 -1.3 -0.4 287 21 77 7.9 DD 71 19 06.9 G 133 18 46.5 -1.5 -1.8 103 21 89 6.5 DD 72 N 22 00.0 G 141 23 336 7.4 DD 95 21 15.7 -1.0 -3.6 127 21 00.3 -1.1 -2.0 106 24 461 7.8 DD 107 20 04.2 -1.7 -1.9 116 19 53.7 -1.4 -0.7 97 25 598 5.7 DD 118 17 05.0 -1.2 +1.0 97 17 07.2 -0.8 +1.4 83 26 649 7.2 DD 123 2 25.5 +0.3 -1.8 119 2 18.1 +0.2 -1.8 113 26 652 6.4 DD 123 2 46.2 +0.9 -2.7 149 2 37.2 +0.6 -2.4 141 26 775 8.5 DD 132 19 03.6 -1.6 -0.8 127 18 58.5 -1.2 0.3 109 26 795 8.5 DD 134 23 44.1 -0.8 -1.7 109 23 34.5 -0.9 -1.3 99 27 822 5.9 DD 136 3 30.4 -0.3 -0.7 51 3 26.2 -0.4 -0.7 46 27 936 5.9 DD 144 17 11.7 -0.7 +0.7 118 17 14.3 -0.4 +1.2 103 28 1110 3.5 DD 159 18 45.2 -0.6 +1.5 87 18 51.4 -0.4 +2.0 71 28 1129 5.3 DD 161 22 25.6 -1.3 -0.5 111 22 20.6 -1.2 +0.1 99 Feb. 2 1670 5.1 RD 222 5 10.6 -1.2 -1.2 274 5 01.6 -1.1 -1.1 275 17 51 7.2 DD 41 19 33.4 -0.4 -2.4 105 19 22.9 -0.5 -1.7 88 20 440 4.6 DD 77 23 00.2 -0.4 -0.1 39 22 58.9 -0.6 +0.4 26 21 550 6.8 DD 87 19 07.4 -1.4 +2.6 27 N 21 556 5.5 DD 87 19 29.2 -1.3 -3.0 130 19 15.0 -1.3 -1.6 112 21 559 6.6 DD 88 20 00.8 -1.5 +2.3 27 N 21 564 6.1 DD 88 20 07.6 -1.3 -0.4 72 20 03.0 -1.2 +0.2 57 21 567 6.8 DD 88 20 27.2 -1.4 +1.0 39 20 31.2 G 16 22 724 8.0 DD 100 N 20 00.7 G 160 23 743 5.7 DD 102 0 18.3 -0.4 -1.0 66 0 12.6 -0.5 -0.9 59 23 880 7.2 DD 112 N 18 31.5 -1.4 -2.3 147 23 893 7.7 DD 114 21 25.7 G 36 N 25 1193 5.4 DD 139 19 36.1 -1.4 +2.4 61 19 49.1 G 31 26 1217 6.1 DD 142 0 20.4 -1.0 -1.3 97 0 11.7 -1.0 -1.1 92 26 1241 6.4 DD 145 A 4 30.0 +0.3 -1.7 136 Mar. 9 2672 2.9 DB 287 5 03.4 -1.2 +0.9 108 A 9 2672 2.9 RD 288 6 17.7 -1.6 +0.9 239 6 16.9 -1.4 +0.9 242 19 399 5.7 DD 46 20 42.3 -0.2 -0.9 65 20 37.7 -0.4 -0.7 55 20 524 6.6 DD 58 21 37.0 +0.5 -2.9 137 21 25.9 +0.2 -2.5 126 22 835 6.9 DD 82 20 23.2 -0.5 -2.8 138 20 10.0 -0.7 -2.2 127 22 841 8.4 DD 83 21 23.2 -0.7 -1.4 92 21 14.8 -0.8 -1.2 84 22 860 7.8 DD 84 24 05.4 +0.5 -2.0 138 23 57.7 +0.4 -2.0 134 23 1014 6.8 DD 96 21 57.1 G 181 21 38.9 +0.2 -3.7 165 24 1033 6.8 DD 97 1 00.3 +0.2 -1.5 105 0 53.7 +0.1 -1.6 103 26 1409 5.1 DD 135 21 00.7 G 47 N 27 1428 3.8 DD 138 1 59.3 -0.6 -1.4 77 1 51.0 -0.7 -1.4 76 Apr. 19 960 6.6 DD 65 19 52.2 -0.6 -1.9 115 S 19 962 7.0 DD 65 20 12.9 -0.2 -2.5 140 S 19 983 6.0 DD 67 22 43.7 +0.1 -1.4 93 22 37.1 0.0 -1.5 90 19 982 6.8 DD 67 22 45.8 -0.2 -1.1 67 22 40.1 -0.3 -1.2 63 20 1123 7.2 DD 80 23 17.3 +0.3 -2.0 145 23 09.1 +0.2 -2.0 142 24 1500 8.1 DD 120 0 30.8 -0.3 -1.9 130 0 21.4 -0.4 -1.8 128 24 1605 6.2 DD 132 22 49.2 G 184 22 38.1 0.0 -2.3 181

BAA Handbook 2010 Lunar Occultations 27 LunarLunar Occu Occultationsltations GREENWICH EDINBURGH E 0º.0 N 51º.5 W 3º.2 N 56 º.0 Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º Apr. 25 1617 8.0 DD 134 1 14.1 -0.4 -2.0 142 1 04.3 -0.4 -1.9 140 May 16 923 6.9 DD 36 21 15.2 +0.2 -1.3 90 S 17 1086 6.5 DD 50 A 22 18.4 +0.2 -1.5 98 18 1219 7.7 DD 62 21 38.4 G 186 21 27.4 G 179 20 1457 6.7 DD 89 21 30.2 -0.5 -1.9 127 S 21 1582 6.3 DD 103 A 23 57.2 -0.1 -2.1 168 Jun. 19 1771 7.0 DD 99 21 54.2 -0.8 -1.8 129 S 20 1893 7.0 DD 112 21 45.6 -1.5 -0.8 63 S 23 2286 5.4 DD 150 22 41.7 -1.6 -0.5 92 22 35.4 -1.4 -0.3 89 28 2987 5.0 RD 208 23 42.8 -1.3 +1.4 245 23 45.4 -1.1 +1.4 249 30 3112 6.2 RD 220 0 49.7 -1.7 0.9 281 0 49.1 -1.4 1.0 287 Jul. 2 3455 6.4 RD 252 23 48.6 -0.4 1.6 279 A Aug. 6 767 5.5 RD 305 1 14.7 +0.2 +1.1 280 1 20.3 +0.1 +1.1 289 20 2793 6.5 DD 138 N 21 36.4 G 151 31 435 5.9 RD 251 1 56.4 -1.9 0.0 300 1 43.7 G 331 Sep. 18 2996 7.8 DD 130 19 52.2 G 355 N 19 3112 6.2 DD 141 18 47.4 -1.1 +1.8 48 S 30 839 5.3 RD 258 4 06.5 -1.6 -0.1 284 4 00.5 -1.4 -0.5 300 30 976 3.2 RD 267 N 22 47.4 G 209 Oct. 2 1127 5.9 RD 281 1 15.6 -0.3 +1.0 290 1 18.6 -0.3 +0.8 305 13 2692 5.7 DD 78 19 40.6 G 134 19 25.7 -1.5 -1.6 118 14 2838 5.6 DD 89 N 19 10.2 G 140 15 2959 7.2 DD 100 N 19 26.7 -2.2 -1.2 123 16 3083 7.3 DD 112 21 31.0 -1.4 -0.9 84 21 23.8 -1.1 -0.5 70 18 3320 5.3 DD 134 22 59.1 -0.7 +0.7 33 23 01.6 -0.4 +1.2 15 20 3453 4.9 DD 147 2 34.1 -0.3 -1.4 82 2 27.5 -0.4 -1.0 66 20 3455 6.4 DD 147 A 2 37.1 -0.4 -2.5 105 24 472 5.0 RD 201 20 32.7 -0.9 +0.9 299 20 32.8 G 315 24 486 5.2 RD 202 23 48.4 -0.6 +3.2 205 23 57.8 -0.8 +2.2 223 27 916 4.3 RD 236 20 21.5 G 343 N

27 929 5.8 RD 238 22 59.0 -0.6 +1.0 290 23 01.1 -0.6 +0.7 305 28 976 3.2 RD 241 5 57.5 -2.0 +1.1 228 5 54.6 -1.5 +0.2 242 29 1113 5.2 RD 254 S 6 03.0 G 357 Nov. 11 2908 6.9 DD 68 17 28.7 -0.7 +0.8 25 17 31.0 -0.3 +1.0 11 12 3029 6.9 DD 79 17 32.8 -1.9 -0.2 94 17 27.3 -1.5 +0.1 85 14 3281 7.5 DD 103 N 21 27.9 G 125 17 77 7.9 DD 137 23 40.2 -1.3 -1.7 95 23 30.8 -1.1 -0.9 78 18 89 6.5 DD 138 A 2 27.1 -0.2 -1.6 86 24 916 4.3 RD 210 4 05.3 -0.7 -2.7 320 3 49.9 -0.5 -3.4 334 24 1047 5.2 RD 219 21 52.6 -1.1 -1.0 333 N Dec. 11 3230 8.4 DD 71 20 44.3 0.0 1.2 14 N 12 3340 7.5 DD 82 20 32.3 -0.4 +1.0 22 20 39.3 G 357 13 3453 4.9 DD 91 17 04.2 -1.8 +0.7 86 17 03.1 -1.3 +1.0 75 13 3455 6.4 DD 92 N 17 23.6 G 123 17 375 6.8 DD 136 17 27.0 -0.1 +2.8 24 17 41.2 G 7 19 566 5.9 DD 153 5 02.3 +0.3 -1.4 97 4 56.8 +0.2 -1.4 91 19 664 5.4 DD 161 N 19 15.8 G 167 19 664 5.4 RD 161 N 19 19.6 G 173 23 1175 5.0 RD 205 5 52.9 -0.1 -2.1 318 5 42.8 -0.2 -2.2 322 25 1410 5.3 RD 229 2 09.7 -1.5 +0.4 275 2 06.9 -1.2 +0.3 285

28 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2010 LunarLunar Occu Occultationsltations SYDNEY MELBOURNE E 151º.2 S 33º.9 E 145º.1 S 37 º.9 Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º

Jan. 22 161 7.3 DD 79 A 11 31.5 -1.0 +2.7 26 25 538 5.6 DD 114 10 26.8 -2.3 +0.2 99 10 12.4 -2.3 -0.1 104 25 555 6.8 DD 115 12 11.6 -1.6 +1.0 86 11 58.0 -1.7 +0.7 97 27 900 4.9 DD 142 14 02.1 -0.9 -0.2 129 13 59.2 -0.6 -0.9 149 28 1070 5.2 DD 156 13 20.8 -2.5 +0.8 74 13 05.3 -2.1 +0.1 90 Feb. 4 1967 5.7 RD 254 17 11.1 G 230 N 7 2371 4.9 RD 291 18 40.0 -1.9 -0.7 265 18 29.8 -2.0 +0.1 241 8 2500 3.4 RD 301 N 16 38.1 G 352 19 243 6.9 DD 59 9 38.1 -1.1 +1.6 74 S 22 647 5.5 DD 95 9 59.5 G 164 N 22 655 7.7 DD 95 11 05.6 -1.1 +0.1 121 10 59.6 -1.1 -0.5 138 26 1275 5.6 DD 148 10 01.4 -1.2 -2.8 166 10 10.5 G 190 Mar. 4 2039 5.6 RD 234 15 47.3 -1.2 -2.2 316 15 47.0 -1.4 -1.6 295 4 2051 5.7 RD 235 18 11.8 -2.1 -0.9 295 18 00.5 -2.3 -0.1 275 5 2183 5.7 RD 248 19 15.1 -2.3 -0.4 286 19 01.2 -2.3 +0.3 267 22 762 6.6 DD 76 N 9 14.0 -2.7 +2.5 38 24 1100 7.8 DD 104 N 13 02.3 -1.5 +2.0 69 25 1223 7.8 DD 115 9 10.8 -1.7 -1.4 137 9 07.9 -1.4 -1.8 151 26 1356 8.0 DD 129 9 39.3 G 52 9 20.8 -2.1 -0.4 75 26 1360 7.5 DD 129 10 48.2 -1.8 -0.9 121 10 42.9 -1.4 -1.3 139 Apr. 5 2706 5.8 RD 263 18 41.7 -2.7 -2.6 302 18 35.1 -2.2 -1.5 285 6 2851 6.0 RD 274 18 59.3 -2.2 +1.1 237 18 41.6 -1.9 +1.5 223 10 3320 5.3 RD 318 S 19 55.8 -0.7 +1.2 211 20 1050 5.8 DD 72 9 26.0 -0.4 -1.1 151 D.B. 21 1193 5.4 DD 87 12 05.0 +0.3 -1.2 158 N 22 1324 7.2 DD 99 10 58.6 -2.1 +1.2 83 10 44.7 -1.7 +0.2 106 23 1443 7.6 DD 113 12 18.6 -0.8 -0.7 138 12 19.2 -0.4 -1.6 162 25 1671 7.6 DD 139 10 58.0 -0.9 -2.3 158 11 07.3 +0.4 -3.8 186 25 1688 6.3 DD 141 14 59.6 -1.6 +2.9 65 14 43.1 -1.4 +1.0 92 30 2347 4.8 RD 208 17 12.2 -2.5 -2.9 324 17 06.4 -2.2 -1.4 306 May 1 2500 3.4 RD 221 19 21.2 -1.1 +2.4 234 19 03.5 -1.2 +2.9 226 20 1399 6.9 DD 82 8 38.9 G 55 8 14.0 -2.4 +0.2 88 20 1409 5.1 DD 83 11 16.0 +0.1 -1.9 167 N 21 1518 6.3 DD 95 N 9 07.7 -3.5 +1.5 68 23 1743 6.8 DD 121 8 56.4 -0.5 -2.9 168 N 23 1761 8.0 DD 125 15 09.1 -0.5 -1.4 154 15 14.9 G 179 24 1872 7.3 DD 136 11 45.1 -1.1 -2.6 158 12 00.1 G 197 29 2589 4.8 DD 202 N 20 14.4 G 357 29 2589 4.8 RD 203 N 20 27.4 G 334 31 2886 5.1 RD 225 S 20 21.5 +0.4 +3.9 189 Jun. 15 1245 7.5 DD 39 N 8 36.3 G 28 18 1594 7.9 DD 79 7 41.7 -0.9 -2.1 158 7 51.2 G 189 19 1723 7.1 DD 94 11 08.2 -0.7 -1.9 159 11 19.6 G 194 19 1726 6.9 DD 94 N 11 34.4 G 57 21 1958 7.5 DD 119 10 03.1 G 48 9 35.5 -2.5 +0.1 84 21 1967 5.7 DD 121 13 34.8 -1.2 -1.3 146 13 35.7 -1.2 -3.1 166 21 1970 6.2 DD 121 N 13 57.8 G 39 21 1977 7.9 DD 121 15 10.8 0.0 +2.1 66 15 01.7 -0.4 +1.7 78 22 2095 7.2 DD 134 14 48.7 -0.3 +4.0 43 14 31.4 -0.9 +2.8 59 23 2227 5.8 DD 146 14 50.9 -1.6 -0.5 126 14 43.7 -1.8 -1.3 138

BAA Handbook 2010 Lunar Occultations 29 LunarLunar Occu Occultationsltations SYDNEY MELBOURNE E 151º.2 S 33º.9 E 145º.1 S 37 º.9 Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º

23 2235 6.2 DD 146 15 39.7 -1.2 -0.1 123 15 32.7 -1.5 -0.6 132 Jul. 5 221 3.7 RD 283 17 40.4 -0.5 +1.0 212 17 34.1 -0.3 +0.9 210 6 356 8.0 DD 296 20 03.9 G 337 N 15 1564 6.6 DD 49 7 43.3 -1.1 -0.4 125 S 17 1788 6.7 DD 76 7 34.1 -0.2 -3.9 178 N 17 1800 5.4 DD 78 11 12.5 -0.7 -2.4 166 N 19 2045 6.4 DD 102 8 05.6 -1.6 -2.2 138 8 09.4 -0.7 -3.5 163 19 2051 5.7 DD 102 9 07.1 -1.9 -1.4 127 9 04.8 -1.4 -2.6 149 21 2328 6.4 DD 128 11 21.5 G 157 N 21 2336 6.6 DD 128 12 40.0 -2.0 +0.1 107 12 28.4 -2.1 -0.6 118 21 2347 4.8 DD 129 14 56.7 -0.6 +1.1 89 14 47.5 -0.9 +1.1 94 22 2459 7.2 DD 138 9 17.0 -1.6 -2.6 128 9 24.1 -0.6 -5.0 156 23 2602 5.5 DD 150 8 34.7 -1.3 -1.1 92 8 34.7 -0.8 -2.0 111 23 2607 5.9 DD 150 9 13.6 -1.5 -1.8 108 9 15.7 -0.9 -2.9 130 23 2630 5.1 DD 153 15 03.6 +0.4 +4.6 15 14 45.8 -0.3 +4.3 20 24 2747 5.0 DD 160 7 26.7 +0.5 -3.3 140 N 24 2749 5.0 DD 161 7 48.0 -0.1 -2.2 120 8 01.3 G 148 Aug. 4 560 3.8 RD 288 16 48.9 -0.6 -0.5 251 A 13 1761 8.0 DD 47 A 10 35.0 -0.4 -2.5 172 15 2011 6.5 DD 73 9 20.9 -1.5 +0.4 104 9 11.1 -1.6 -0.3 120 17 2283 6.7 DD 98 10 14.9 -1.9 +1.5 75 9 58.2 -2.1 +0.7 88 17 2305 5.9 DD 100 14 28.0 0.0 +0.9 93 14 23.6 -0.2 +1.0 96 17 2314 5.8 DD 101 A 15 32.3 0.0 +0.4 118 19 2562 7.1 DD 122 10 11.1 G 9 9 35.9 -2.3 +3.2 37 19 2584 6.9 DD 123 14 17.9 -0.1 +2.3 47 14 06.5 -0.4 +2.4 49 19 2589 4.8 DD 124 15 34.0 +0.2 +1.8 56 15 26.9 0.0 +1.9 58 29 266 5.7 RD 235 17 07.9 -2.4 +0.5 254 16 52.6 -2.2 +0.1 256 Sep. 12 2095 7.2 DD 55 10 29.0 -0.8 -0.7 140 10 27.1 -1.1 -1.4 151 15 2542 7.7 DD 94 13 38.9 +0.6 +2.4 35 13 31.7 +0.4 +2.5 37 16 2675 7.1 DD 103 N 9 20.7 G 359 16 2682 7.0 DD 104 10 29.4 -2.4 +0.2 100 10 14.3 -2.5 -0.3 106 17 2829 6.9 DD 115 10 46.7 -0.1 +5.2 8 10 23.8 -0.9 +4.5 16 19 3072 6.6 DD 137 11 06.9 -1.8 +2.0 45 10 48.6 -1.8 +1.6 48 20 3187 6.2 DD 148 10 32.1 -2.3 +0.4 70 10 18.4 -2.0 -0.2 75 25 221 3.7 RD 205 13 47.3 -2.8 -1.0 277 13 36.1 -2.4 -1.3 278 Oct. 12 2491 6.7 DD 62 11 57.1 -0.4 +0.1 123 11 53.3 -0.6 +0.2 126 14 2778 6.9 DD 84 9 11.5 -2.0 +1.1 81 S 14 2797 3.0 DD 86 12 28.8 -0.4 +1.3 85 12 20.0 -0.7 +1.4 85 18 3272 5.8 DD 129 11 18.8 -1.1 +2.6 28 11 01.6 -1.1 +2.5 26 19 3371 6.4 DD 139 8 42.8 G 133 N 24 440 4.6 RD 198 14 04.0 -1.4 +1.4 214 13 51.3 -1.1 +1.0 214 27 882 5.0 RD 233 14 15.3 -0.7 +0.4 225 A Nov. 12 2986 6.5 DD 76 10 23.5 -1.4 +1.2 88 10 09.3 -1.6 +1.3 86 12 2995 6.2 DD 77 D.B. 12 22.4 G 351 14 3229 5.6 DD 99 12 15.4 -0.7 +2.1 51 12 01.8 -0.9 +2.1 51 15 3342 7.6 DD 110 12 26.4 -1.4 +1.5 79 12 11.0 -1.6 +1.5 78 17 31 6.2 DD 132 13 27.9 -1.4 +1.8 62 13 11.3 -1.6 +1.7 63 19 266 5.7 DD 153 11 45.6 -1.2 +2.1 23 11 31.6 -0.8 +1.8 21 Dec. 16 221 3.7 DD 123 13 22.9 -1.3 -0.7 132 13 25.2 G 158 16 221 3.7 RD 123 R.B. 13 27.5 G 161

30 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2010 LunarLunar Occu Occultationsltations DUNEDIN WELLINGTON E 170º.5 S 45º.9 E 174º.8 S 41 º.3 Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º Jan. 21 31 6.2 DD 66 S 9 00.5 -0.7 +1.7 79 25 538 5.6 DD 114 10 53.5 -1.1 +0.7 114 11 01.8 -1.1 +0.9 104 28 1070 5.2 DD 156 13 45.5 -1.6 +1.5 72 14 03.7 G 46 Feb. 22 647 5.5 DD 95 N 10 17.8 +0.1 -0.7 150 26 1275 5.6 DD 148 10 44.7 -0.6 -1.6 167 10 42.0 -1.0 -1.2 150 Mar. 4 2039 5.6 RD 234 16 36.1 -1.5 -1.2 308 16 34.6 -1.3 -2.2 328 7 2442 5.9 RD 269 14 23.0 -0.9 -1.0 254 14 21.4 -0.8 -1.3 271 7 2443 5.8 RD 269 14 29.8 -0.6 -1.6 279 14 24.0 -0.5 -2.0 296 23 918 7.0 DD 89 N 8 47.4 -0.1 -1.2 160 25 1223 7.8 DD 115 9 48.0 -1.1 -0.3 133 9 52.4 -1.3 0.0 118 26 1360 7.5 DD 130 11 21.3 -1.2 +0.2 116 11 28.7 -1.5 +0.7 98 Apr. 8 3066 6.0 RD 294 A 14 19.0 -0.2 -0.7 247 17 541 4.0 DD 33 S 6 04.9 -1.1 +1.4 82 21 1174 7.5 DD 84 6 37.7 -1.5 -0.4 120 6 43.3 -1.8 -0.2 109 23 1433 6.8 DD 112 N 10 33.2 -0.1 -1.8 170 25 1671 7.6 DD 139 11 36.9 -0.7 -1.5 158 11 35.5 -1.1 -0.8 137 25 1688 6.3 DD 141 14 56.5 -0.4 +0.9 105 A 30 2347 4.8 RD 208 17 46.5 -1.0 +1.4 264 17 56.5 -1.0 +1.1 274 May 2 2589 4.8 RD 228 9 14.9 +0.9 -2.6 326 N 2 2602 5.5 RD 228 10 31.0 G 207 10 36.8 -0.8 -0.2 234 2 2607 5.9 RD 229 N 10 56.3 G 210 3 2762 6.0 RD 240 11 11.0 G 199 11 18.5 -0.8 +0.1 227 18 1143 6.8 DD 55 A 7 37.5 -0.4 0.0 133 20 1399 6.9 DD 82 9 03.6 55 N 22 1640 8.5 DD 110 12 46.6 42 G 23 1743 6.8 DD 122 9 39.2 -0.6 -2.2 166 9 34.9 -1.2 -1.4 144 24 1872 7.3 DD 136 N 12 27.1 -0.9 -2.3 164 Jun. 17 1478 7.2 DD 65 7 24.7 -0.7 -0.6 144 7 26.6 -0.9 -0.1 125 18 1594 7.9 DD 79 8 16.3 -0.5 -1.5 163 8 14.2 -0.8 -0.7 141 19 1705 7.5 DD 91 6 04.4 G 199 5 47.3 -0.5 -2.6 168 19 1723 7.1 DD 94 N 11 38.8 G 190 19 1726 6.9 DD 94 11 40.1 -0.4 +1.8 82 A 21 1958 7.5 DD 119 10 24.8 -1.6 +1.4 82 10 42.6 -1.8 +3.5 57 21 1970 6.2 DD 121 13 49.2 -0.2 +1.4 90 13 56.7 0.0 +1.7 77 22 2095 7.2 DD 134 14 33.9 -0.4 +1.0 105 14 39.9 -0.2 +1.1 95 24 2347 4.8 DD 154 6 57.5 0.0 -2.8 145 6 47.0 -0.4 -2.2 126 30 3185 5.3 RD 227 16 33.2 -1.7 +1.1 249 16 46.7 -1.9 +1.3 252 Jul. 1 3287 5.9 RD 236 12 36.5 -1.1 -2.6 287 12 24.3 G 314 15 1564 6.6 DD 49 8 00.6 -0.3 -0.4 144 8 01.8 -0.4 +0.2 125 17 1788 6.7 DD 76 N 8 10.9 -0.6 -3.1 174 19 2039 5.6 DD 101 7 29.2 -1.7 -0.7 113 7 36.0 -2.1 +0.2 94 19 2045 6.4 DD 102 9 01.7 -1.1 -3.4 166 8 57.2 -1.5 -1.4 141 19 2051 5.7 DD 103 9 59.9 G 169 9 55.7 -1.4 -1.3 144 21 2305 5.9 DD 125 6 44.6 -1.8 -0.3 73 6 57.0 -2.8 +2.1 47 21 2314 5.8 DD 126 8 24.9 -2.2 +1.6 57 8 55.8 G 19 21 2329 8.0 DD 128 11 42.1 -0.8 +3.3 46 12 03.0 G 26 21 2347 4.8 DD 129 15 08.3 G 162 15 07.0 G 148 22 2459 7.2 DD 139 N 10 38.1 G 170 22 2490 5.4 DD 141 15 29.3 +0.2 +2.0 56 15 37.3 +0.4 +2.0 50 23 2602 5.5 DD 150 9 24.1 -1.7 -2.3 123 9 24.5 -2.1 -1.1 104 23 2607 5.9 DD 150 N 10 16.4 -2.5 -3.1 133 BAA Handbook 2010 Lunar Occultations 31 LunarLunar Occu Occultationsltations DUNEDIN WELLINGTON E 170º.5 S 45º.9 E 174º.8 S 41 º.3 Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º

Jul. 23 2630 5.1 DD 152 14 43.3 -0.7 +1.6 81 14 53.3 -0.5 +1.6 76 24 2747 5.0 DD 161 N 7 56.8 G 145 24 2749 5.0 DD 161 N 8 22.7 -1.2 -3.2 127 24 2779 3.9 DD 164 14 30.9 -0.9 +1.8 68 14 43.2 -0.7 +1.9 64 28 3272 5.8 RD 210 17 45.0 -1.0 +1.8 250 17 57.4 -0.9 +1.8 252 31 42 5.6 RD 240 A 11 51.7 -0.4 0.0 229 Aug. 2 288 5.2 RD 263 14 21.7 -1.0 -1.4 268 14 20.3 -1.4 -1.5 276 4 545 4.3 RD 287 A 15 40.6 -0.2 +0.2 220 4 552 3.0 RD 288 16 23.8 -0.6 -0.3 231 16 25.5 -0.8 -0.2 235 4 560 3.8 RD 288 N 16 52.9 G 183

4 561 5.2 RD 288 17 08.5 -0.4 +0.5 208 17 13.4 -0.7 +0.6 213 12 1623 5.4 DD 31 7 06.3 -0.2 -1.4 165 7 03.5 -0.3 -0.4 143 14 1872 7.3 DD 58 N 7 00.6 -0.8 -2.7 169 15 2011 6.5 DD 73 9 45.3 -0.9 -1.3 156 9 45.2 -0.7 -0.4 139 17 2262 7.4 DD 96 S 6 24.8 -2.1 -0.4 98 17 2283 6.7 DD 98 10 36.5 -1.3 -0.2 131 10 42.0 -1.1 +0.3 118 18 2417 7.0 DD 109 7 43.6 -1.8 -2.1 131 7 45.4 -2.1 -0.9 112 19 2562 7.1 DD 122 10 10.0 -1.6 +1.1 80 10 23.2 -1.5 +1.7 70 19 2584 6.9 DD 123 14 04.0 -0.4 +1.2 100 14 10.6 -0.2 +1.2 96 19 2589 4.8 DD 124 15 15.6 0.0 +1.1 103 15 19.8 +0.2 +1.0 99 20 2709 6.8 DD 131 6 58.7 -1.2 -3.5 132 6 52.5 -1.6 -2.0 111 20 2725 5.8 DD 134 11 53.6 -0.6 +2.9 35 12 09.7 -0.2 +3.3 27 20 2736 6.2 DD 135 14 14.9 -0.2 +1.9 64 14 24.1 0.0 +1.9 61 20 2739 6.7 DD 135 15 06.9 +0.5 +2.4 29 15 15.8 +0.7 +2.5 25 29 266 5.7 RD 235 17 27.4 -1.3 +1.8 212 17 42.3 -1.5 +2.1 215 Sep. 11 1958 7.5 DD 41 8 17.8 -0.6 -0.9 154 8 17.7 -0.4 -0.2 138 15 2523 4.9 DD 92 9 00.4 G 16 N 15 2542 7.7 DD 94 13 12.0 +0.2 +1.3 85 A 16 2675 7.1 DD 103 9 25.2 -1.3 +1.7 69 9 39.0 -1.1 +2.0 61 17 2829 6.9 DD 115 10 37.3 -1.3 +1.5 77 10 50.0 -1.2 +1.7 72 18 2952 7.8 DD 127 12 57.6 +0.3 +3.1 13 13 10.4 +0.5 +3.2 9 19 3072 6.6 DD 137 11 36.6 -2.6 -0.1 113 11 48.1 -2.5 +0.3 109 20 3185 5.3 DD 148 10 25.1 -1.6 +1.2 55 10 38.6 -1.6 +1.7 51 25 221 3.7 RD 205 14 20.7 -1.4 +1.2 222 14 33.3 -1.6 +1.5 224 Oct. 1 1078 5.9 RD 277 16 38.4 -1.3 -0.5 242 16 42.5 -1.6 -0.4 248 14 2797 3.0 DD 86 12 30.7 G 146 12 32.2 G 137 15 2915 8.1 DD 97 11 35.4 -0.4 1.7 77 11 44.7 -0.3 1.7 74 18 3272 5.8 DD 129 11 26.0 -1.6 +1.4 83 11 39.3 -1.5 +1.5 81 25 556 5.5 RD 208 A 11 15.6 0.0 +1.4 198 25 564 6.1 RD 208 12 26.9 -1.3 -0.3 244 12 32.2 -1.6 -0.1 247 Nov. 14 3229 5.6 DD 99 12 04.6 -0.4 +1.7 86 12 13.4 -0.2 +1.6 82 15 3342 7.6 DD 110 12 33.3 -0.8 +0.9 122 12 40.2 -0.5 +0.9 115 16 3452 6.8 DD 119 9 20.2 -3.3 -0.7 116 9 32.1 -3.3 -0.3 113 17 31 6.2 DD 132 13 28.8 -0.7 +1.6 88 A 19 266 5.7 DD 154 12 00.4 -1.7 +1.1 67 12 13.6 -1.7 +1.4 63 25 1129 5.3 RD 227 13 12.8 -1.4 -2.3 334 13 07.6 G 344 Dec. 9 2933 7.8 DD 44 N 9 06.3 G 139 10 3061 8.0 DD 55 S 9 08.6 +0.1 +2.3 33 25 1458 5.9 RD 235 12 17.8 -0.7 -1.8 301 12 12.8 -0.8 -1.9 308 32 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2010 GrazingLunar Lunar Occultations Occul tations

The map shows the tracks of stars brighter than 7.5 magnitude which will graze the limb of the Moon when it is at a favourable elongation from the Sun and at least 10° above the observer’s horizon (5° in the case of stars brighter than 5.5, and 2° for those brighter than 3.5). Each track starts in the West at some arbitrary time given in the key and ends beyond the area of interest, except where the letters “A”, “B” or “S” are given. “A” denotes that the Moon is at a low altitude, “B” that the bright limb interferes, and “S” that daylight interferes. The tick marks along the tracks denote 5-minute intervals of time which, when added to the time at the beginning of the track, give the approximate time of the graze at places along the tracks.

Observers positioned on, or very near, one of these tracks will probably see the star disappear and reappear several times at the edge of features on the limb of the Moon. The recorded times of these events (to a precision of better than a second, if possible) are very valuable in the study of the shape and motion of the Moon.

Interested observers sited near to any of these tracks should write to the Director of the Computing Section at least two months before the event, giving their approximate latitude and longitude, and details of the event, including a limb profile, will be supplied to them.

Key to the Map

2010 Time (UT) at the No. Star name ZC Mag beginning of the track Per cent N or S in the west sunlit* limit d h m s 1 HIP 017692 550 6.82 Feb. 21 19 14 52 47 N 2 26 Tauri 559 6.57 Feb. 21 20 6 12 48 N 3 HIP 017923 567 6.75 Feb. 21 20 35 29 48 N 4 HIP 017999 570 6.76 Feb. 21 21 9 55 48 N 5 HIP 031696 1017 6.78 Mar. 23 22 8 2 55 N 6 9 Geminorum 956 6.26 Aug. 7 3 32 50 -12 N 7 47 Arietis 435 5.85 Aug. 31 1 26 00 -67 N 8 HIP 036481 1138 7.10 Oct. 2 2 17 10 -39 S 9 50 Sagittarii 2838 5.56 Oct. 14 19 17 41 49 S 10 HIP 099984 2959 7.18 Oct. 15 19 45 36 59 S 11 HIP 040754 1247 6.79 Oct. 30 6 27 16 -53 S 12 HIP 110378 3281 7.46 Nov. 14 21 36 16 61 S 13 3 Cancri 1207 5.79 Nov. 26 3 49 35 -79 S 14 9 Piscium 3455 6.44 Dec. 13 17 23 34 51 S

* A minus sign indicates a waning Moon

On the next page the tick marks along the track are at 5-minute intervals

BAA Handbook 2010 Grazing Lunar Occultations 33 GrazingLunar Lunar Occultations Occul tations

10° 8° 6° 4° 2° 0° 60° 60° 2010

3 58° 58°

11 S Aberdeen

56° 56° 14 A

2 Newcastle 1 Londonderry Belfast

9 54° 54° 12 7 Manchester

10 52° 52° 4 London

Exeter 5

6 50° 50° 8

10° 8° 6° 4° 2° 0°

34 Grazing Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2010 PLANETS The ephemerides of all the planets (except the dwarf planets and the minor planets), and also the diagrams for Uranus and Neptune, are referred to the apparent equinox, so that the RA and Dec. required for setting on the telescope are obtained directly from the ephemeris. For the minor planets and comets, astrometric ephemerides referred to the equinox of 2000.0 are given. Thus they are directly comparable with star catalogues and atlases referred to this epoch; however, precession should be applied to their positions before setting on a telescope. The magnitudes given are visual. For the minor planets, it should be noted that photographic magnitudes are fainter by about 0m.7.

In the tables some headings are abbreviated, as follows: Mag. = Visual magnitude Ph. = Phase, the fraction of the area of the disk that is illuminated. Elong. = The elongation of the planet from the Sun (where + is east and – is west). CM = The longitude of the central meridian of Mercury. Δ = The distance from the Earth in astronomical units. P = Position angle of the axis of rotation, measured eastwards from the north point. Q = Position angle of the point of greatest defect of illumination. The position angle of the line of cusps is Q±90°. r = Radius vector Tilt = The tilt of the north pole of the planet towards (+) or away from (-) the Earth

DE = Planetocentric declination of the Earth DS = Planetocentric declination of the Sun LS = The planetocentric longitude of the Sun, measured in the plane of the orbit from its ascending node on the Martian equator and given as a direct and exact indicator of the Martian season. The Martian Vernal

Equinox (N. Hemisphere) occurs when LS = 0°.

Longitudes of central meridians refer to the geometric disks. The Sky Diary on page 5 lists astronomical phenomena in chronological order. Conjunctions in longitude of (a) the Sun with Mercury and Venus, (b) the Moon with the planets Mercury to Saturn, and (c) the planets Mercury to Saturn with one another, are tabulated: the angular differences in latitude are given for (b) and (c). Also given are the greatest elongations of Mercury and Venus, greatest brilliances of Venus, oppositions of the planets Mercury to Neptune and dwarf planet Pluto, eclipses, and three meteor showers (Quadrantids, Perseids and Geminids). Relative positions in the Diary are geocentric.

BAA Handbook 2010 Planets 35 40 30 ° W 36 NOV 27 20 10 VENUS ° E SCALE ~ SECONDS OF ARC 0 46 opp'n. AUG 17 MAR 22 SATURN E opp'n. JAN 30 MARS Planets S N e of NP c W ° W opp'n. earan 15 SEP 27 JUPITER 2010 SEP 21 App ° W 18 SEP 20 MERCURY ° E 18 APR 14 ° E 19 APR 06

36 Planets BAA Handbook 2010 Mercury Greatest Elongation E Inferior Conjunction Apr. 8 (19°) Jan. 4 Aug. 7 (27°) Apr. 28 Dec. 1 (21°) Sep. 3 Dec. 20 When best seen: Northern Hemisphere: late March - late April Southern Hemisphere: early July - late August Evening Apparition 2010 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Ph. Elong. CM Δ h m ° ' " % ° ° AU Jan. -1 19 28.8 -20 52 +1.6 9.2 0.133 12 318 0.735 ______

Mar. 25 0 53.8 +5 48 -1.4 5.4 0.910 10 35 1.238 30 1 27.6 +10 17 -1.1 5.9 0.775 15 56 1.134 Apr. 4 1 57.2 +14 04 -0.6 6.7 0.591 18 79 1.008 9 2 19.7 +16 48 +0.1 7.7 0.401 19 103 0.878 14 2 33.2 +18 14 +1.0 8.9 0.234 18 131 0.759

19 2 36.9 +18 21 +2.3 10.1 0.106 14 160 0.663 ______

Jul. 8 7 56.4 +22 38 -1.1 5.2 0.914 11 218 1.287 13 8 36.4 +20 25 -0.7 5.4 0.840 16 239 1.235 18 9 11.6 +17 41 -0.4 5.7 0.766 20 261 1.173 23 9 42.4 +14 41 -0.1 6.1 0.696 23 284 1.104 28 10 9.1 +11 35 +0.1 6.5 0.628 25 307 1.033

Aug. 2 10 31.7 +8 33 +0.2 7.0 0.559 27 331 0.960 7 10 50.2 +5 43 +0.4 7.6 0.485 27 357 0.887 12 11 4.0 +3 16 +0.6 8.3 0.403 27 23 0.815 17 11 12.0 +1 26 +0.9 9.0 0.309 25 51 0.746 22 11 13.0 +0 31 +1.5 9.8 0.204 21 81 0.685

27 11 5.9 +0 50 +2.5 10.5 0.098 14 114 0.641 ______

Nov. 5 15 25.1 -19 55 -0.5 4.8 0.952 12 117 1.394 10 15 56.1 -22 06 -0.4 5.0 0.926 14 140 1.354 15 16 27.3 -23 50 -0.4 5.2 0.891 17 164 1.301 20 16 58.2 -25 03 -0.4 5.5 0.843 19 187 1.234 25 17 28.1 -25 44 -0.4 5.8 0.774 20 211 1.150

30 17 55.1 -25 49 -0.4 6.4 0.672 21 236 1.051 Dec. 5 18 16.2 -25 20 -0.3 7.2 0.524 21 262 0.937 10 18 26.0 -24 20 +0.3 8.2 0.321 18 290 0.819 15 18 17.6 -22 58 +2.0 9.3 0.105 11 323 0.720

BAA Handbook 2010 Mercury 37 Mercury Greatest Elongation W Superior Conjunction Jan. 27 (25°) Mar. 14 May 26 (25°) Jun. 28 Sep. 19 (18°) Oct. 17 When best seen: Northern Hemishere: mid September - early October Southern Hemishere: mid January - early March

Morning Apparition

2010 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Ph. Elong. CM Δ h m ° ' " % ° ° AU Jan. 9 18 38.5 -19 51 +2.5 9.8 0.074 -10 31 0.688 14 18 24.5 -20 10 +0.8 8.9 0.250 -18 65 0.757 19 18 26.8 -20 49 +0.2 7.9 0.424 -23 95 0.849 24 18 40.6 -21 29 -0.1 7.1 0.560 -24 123 0.945 29 19 1.7 -21 53 -0.1 6.5 0.660 -25 148 1.034

Feb. 3 19 27.2 -21 54 -0.1 6.0 0.734 -24 173 1.113 8 19 55.5 -21 28 -0.2 5.7 0.791 -22 197 1.181 13 20 25.5 -20 30 -0.2 5.4 0.837 -20 221 1.239 18 20 56.6 -19 01 -0.3 5.2 0.875 -18 244 1.288 23 21 28.6 -16 59 -0.4 5.1 0.909 -15 267 1.326

28 22 1.2 -14 24 -0.7 5.0 0.940 -12 289 1.354 ______

May 9 2 5.7 +10 47 +2.6 11.3 0.091 -15 293 0.593 14 2 6.4 +9 49 +1.7 10.5 0.174 -20 324 0.642 19 2 13.7 +9 53 +1.1 9.5 0.262 -24 353 0.708 24 2 27.1 +10 50 +0.7 8.6 0.351 -25 21 0.784 29 2 45.8 +12 29 +0.4 7.7 0.442 -25 46 0.870

Jun. 3 3 9.6 +14 39 0.0 7.0 0.538 -23 71 0.961 8 3 38.4 +17 07 -0.3 6.4 0.643 -21 94 1.056 13 4 12.5 +19 40 -0.7 5.9 0.756 -17 117 1.149 18 4 52.2 +22 00 -1.1 5.5 0.871 -12 138 1.233 ______

Sep. 11 10 27.2 +7 48 +1.9 9.3 0.121 -13 218 0.726 16 10 31.1 +9 05 +0.4 8.0 0.312 -17 248 0.843 21 10 48.3 +8 40 -0.5 6.9 0.541 -18 275 0.981 26 11 14.8 +6 40 -0.9 6.0 0.743 -16 298 1.117 Oct. 1 11 46.0 +3 35 -1.1 5.5 0.880 -12 321 1.232 ______Dec. 25 17 26.0 -20 14 +2.0 9.5 0.103 -11 37 0.709 30 17 15.9 -20 02 +0.5 8.5 0.303 -19 70 0.795 38 Mercury BAA Handbook 2010 Venus

Superior Conjunction Greatest Elongation E Inferior Conjunction Jan. 11 Aug. 20 (46°) Oct. 29

2010 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Ph. Elong. Δ h m ° ' " % ° AU Jan. -6 17 55.9 -23 36 -3.8 9.8 0.997 -4 1.704 4 18 50.8 -23 29 -3.8 9.8 0.999 -2 1.709 14 19 45.1 -22 09 -3.8 9.8 1.000 +1 1.711 24 20 38.0 -19 42 -3.8 9.8 0.999 +3 1.709 Feb. 3 21 28.8 -16 19 -3.8 9.8 0.996 +5 1.703

13 22 17.7 -12 10 -3.8 9.9 0.991 +8 1.693 23 23 4.7 -7 28 -3.8 9.9 0.985 +10 1.679 Mar. 5 23 50.6 -2 27 -3.8 10.1 0.977 +13 1.660 15 0 35.9 +2 41 -3.8 10.2 0.967 +15 1.637 25 1 21.4 +7 44 -3.8 10.4 0.955 +17 1.609

Apr. 4 2 7.7 +12 30 -3.8 10.6 0.941 +20 1.576 14 2 55.4 +16 45 -3.8 10.8 0.924 +22 1.538 24 3 44.7 +20 19 -3.8 11.2 0.905 +25 1.495 May 4 4 35.8 +22 59 -3.8 11.5 0.883 +27 1.447 14 5 28.1 +24 35 -3.8 12.0 0.859 +30 1.394

24 6 20.9 +25 01 -3.9 12.5 0.832 +32 1.336 Jun. 3 7 13.1 +24 17 -3.9 13.1 0.803 +34 1.273 13 8 3.8 +22 26 -3.9 13.8 0.771 +37 1.206 23 8 52.2 +19 36 -3.9 14.7 0.737 +39 1.136 Jul. 3 9 38.0 +15 58 -3.9 15.7 0.701 +41 1.062

13 10 21.1 +11 43 -4.0 16.9 0.662 +42 0.986 23 11 1.8 +7 04 -4.0 18.4 0.621 +44 0.908 Aug. 2 11 40.3 +2 11 -4.1 20.1 0.576 +45 0.829 12 12 16.8 -2 45 -4.2 22.3 0.529 +46 0.749 22 12 51.4 -7 33 -4.2 24.9 0.477 +46 0.669

Sep. 1 13 23.5 -12 03 -4.3 28.3 0.419 +45 0.590 11 13 52.2 -16 05 -4.4 32.5 0.353 +44 0.514 21 14 15.7 -19 25 -4.4 37.8 0.279 +40 0.441 Oct. 1 14 30.6 -21 46 -4.5 44.5 0.194 +35 0.375 11 14 33.1 -22 40 -4.4 52.2 0.105 +26 0.320

21 14 21.1 -21 31 -4.1 59.0 0.030 +13 0.283 31 14 0.3 -18 13 -3.9 61.4 0.006 -3 0.272 Nov. 10 13 44.2 -14 12 -4.3 57.8 0.050 -18 0.289 20 13 41.7 -11 23 -4.5 50.6 0.135 -30 0.330 30 13 53.2 -10 26 -4.5 43.1 0.227 -38 0.387

Dec. 10 14 15.4 -11 03 -4.5 36.8 0.311 -42 0.454 20 14 45.3 -12 41 -4.5 31.7 0.384 -45 0.526 30 15 20.7 -14 50 -4.4 27.8 0.448 -47 0.601 BAA Handbook 2010 Venus 39 Mars

Opposition Jan. 29

2010 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. P Q Ph. DE DS LS h m ° ' " ° ° % ° ° ° Jan. -6 9 32.5 +18 14 -0.6 12.0 3 285 0.949 18.7 11.7 28 4 9 27.9 +19 02 -0.8 12.9 3 283 0.969 18.0 13.4 33 14 9 18.0 +20 10 -1.1 13.7 1 277 0.987 16.9 15.0 38 24 9 03.6 +21 27 -1.2 14.1 359 258 0.998 15.6 16.6 42 Feb. 3 8 47.3 +22 36 -1.2 14.0 356 143 0.999 14.3 18.0 47

13 8 32.0 +23 25 -1.0 13.5 354 116 0.989 13.2 19.3 51 23 8 20.5 +23 48 -0.8 12.7 352 110 0.973 12.5 20.5 55 Mar. 5 8 14.4 +23 47 -0.5 11.7 351 107 0.955 12.3 21.6 60 15 8 13.6 +23 28 -0.2 10.7 351 105 0.938 12.6 22.5 64 25 8 17.8 +22 53 0.0 9.8 352 105 0.923 13.3 23.3 68

Apr. 4 8 26.1 +22 06 +0.2 9.0 353 105 0.912 14.4 24.0 73 14 8 37.5 +21 07 +0.4 8.3 355 105 0.904 15.6 24.5 77 24 8 51.4 +19 57 +0.6 7.7 357 106 0.900 17.0 24.9 82 May 4 9 07.2 +18 37 +0.8 7.1 359 107 0.897 18.5 25.1 86 14 9 24.4 +17 05 +0.9 6.7 2 108 0.897 19.9 25.2 90

24 9 42.7 +15 23 +1.0 6.3 5 109 0.899 21.4 25.1 95 Jun. 3 10 01.9 +13 31 +1.1 5.9 8 110 0.901 22.7 24.8 99 13 10 21.6 +11 31 +1.2 5.7 12 111 0.905 23.8 24.4 104 23 10 41.9 +9 21 +1.3 5.4 15 112 0.910 24.8 23.8 108 Jul. 3 11 02.6 +7 04 +1.4 5.2 18 112 0.915 25.5 23.1 113

13 11 23.8 +4 41 +1.4 5.0 22 113 0.920 26.0 22.2 117 23 11 45.4 +2 13 +1.5 4.8 25 113 0.926 26.1 21.1 122 Aug. 2 12 07.4 -0 19 +1.5 4.7 28 113 0.932 25.9 19.9 127 12 12 30.0 -2 54 +1.5 4.6 31 113 0.938 25.4 18.5 132 22 12 53.2 -5 29 +1.5 4.4 33 113 0.944 24.6 17.0 137

Sep. 1 13 17.0 -8 03 +1.5 4.4 35 112 0.950 23.4 15.4 141 11 13 41.6 -10 35 +1.5 4.3 37 111 0.956 21.8 13.6 147 21 14 07.0 -13 01 +1.5 4.2 38 110 0.961 20.0 11.7 152 Oct. 1 14 33.4 -15 20 +1.5 4.1 39 109 0.966 17.8 9.6 157 11 15 00.8 -17 29 +1.5 4.1 39 107 0.971 15.4 7.5 162

21 15 29.3 -19 25 +1.5 4.1 38 105 0.976 12.7 5.3 167 31 15 58.9 -21 06 +1.4 4.0 37 103 0.980 9.8 3.0 173 Nov. 10 16 29.6 -22 28 +1.4 4.0 35 100 0.984 6.7 0.6 178 20 17 01.2 -23 29 +1.4 4.0 32 98 0.988 3.6 -1.8 184 30 17 33.6 -24 06 +1.3 4.0 29 95 0.991 0.3 -4.2 190

Dec. 10 18 06.6 -24 18 +1.3 3.9 26 93 0.993 -3.0 -6.6 196 20 18 40.0 -24 03 +1.3 3.9 22 91 0.995 -6.3 -9.0 202 30 19 13.5 -23 21 +1.2 3.9 17 89 0.997 -9.6 -11.4 208

40 Mars BAA Handbook 2010 LONGITUDE OF THE CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF MARS

Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 1 293.7 21.1 133.8 209.5 286.5 349.1 58.0 114.9 170.9 236.8 293.5 0.3 2 284.8 12.4 124.8 200.2 277.0 339.4 48.3 105.1 161.1 227.0 283.8 350.5 3 275.8 3.6 115.8 190.8 267.4 329.8 38.5 95.3 151.3 217.2 274.0 340.7 4 266.9 354.9 106.8 181.5 257.9 320.1 28.8 85.5 141.5 207.4 264.2 330.9 5 258.0 346.2 97.7 172.1 248.4 310.5 19.0 75.7 131.7 197.7 254.4 321.1

6 249.1 337.4 88.7 162.8 238.8 300.8 9.2 65.9 121.8 187.9 244.7 311.3 7 240.2 328.7 79.6 153.4 229.3 291.1 359.5 56.1 112.0 178.1 234.9 301.5 8 231.4 319.9 70.6 144.0 219.7 281.4 349.7 46.3 102.2 168.3 225.1 291.8 9 222.5 311.2 61.5 134.6 210.2 271.7 340.0 36.5 92.4 158.5 215.3 282.0 10 213.7 302.4 52.4 125.3 200.6 262.1 330.2 26.7 82.6 148.7 205.6 272.2

11 204.8 293.6 43.3 115.9 191.0 252.4 320.4 16.9 72.8 138.9 195.8 262.4 12 196.0 284.8 34.1 106.4 181.5 242.7 310.7 7.1 63.0 129.1 186.0 252.6 13 187.2 276.0 25.0 97.0 171.9 233.0 300.9 357.3 53.2 119.4 176.2 242.8 14 178.4 267.2 15.9 87.6 162.3 223.3 291.1 347.5 43.4 109.6 166.5 233.0 15 169.6 258.4 6.7 78.2 152.7 213.6 281.3 337.7 33.6 99.8 156.7 223.2

16 160.8 249.6 357.6 68.7 143.1 203.9 271.6 327.9 23.8 90.0 146.9 213.4 17 152.1 240.8 348.4 59.3 133.5 194.2 261.8 318.0 14.0 80.2 137.1 203.6 18 143.3 231.9 339.2 49.9 123.9 184.5 252.0 308.2 4.2 70.4 127.4 193.8 19 134.5 223.1 330.0 40.4 114.3 174.8 242.2 298.4 354.4 60.7 117.6 184.0 20 125.8 214.2 320.8 30.9 104.7 165.0 232.4 288.6 344.6 50.9 107.8 174.2

21 117.1 205.3 311.6 21.5 95.1 155.3 222.7 278.8 334.8 41.1 98.0 164.4 22 108.3 196.4 302.3 12.0 85.5 145.6 212.9 269.0 325.0 31.3 88.3 154.6 23 99.6 187.5 293.1 2.5 75.9 135.9 203.1 259.2 315.2 21.5 78.5 144.8 24 90.9 178.6 283.8 353.0 66.2 126.2 193.3 249.4 305.4 11.8 68.7 135.0 25 82.1 169.6 274.6 343.6 56.6 116.4 183.5 239.6 295.6 2.0 58.9 125.2

26 73.4 160.7 265.3 334.1 47.0 106.7 173.7 229.8 285.8 352.2 49.2 115.3 27 64.7 151.7 256.0 324.6 37.3 97.0 163.9 219.9 276.0 342.4 39.4 105.5 28 56.0 142.8 246.8 315.1 27.7 87.2 154.1 210.1 266.2 332.6 29.6 95.7 29 47.3 237.5 305.5 18.1 77.5 144.3 200.3 256.4 322.9 19.8 85.9 30 38.5 228.2 296.0 8.4 67.7 134.5 190.5 246.6 313.1 10.0 76.1

31 29.8 218.8 358.8 124.7 180.7 303.3 66.2

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h ° h ° m ° m ° m ° 1 14.62 7 102.34 10 2.44 1 0.24 6 1.46 2 29.24 8 116.96 20 4.87 2 0.49 7 1.71 3 43.86 9 131.58 30 7.31 3 0.73 8 1.95 4 58.48 10 146.21 40 9.75 4 0.97 9 2.19 5 73.10 11 160.83 50 12.18 5 1.22 10 2.44 6 87.72 12 175.45 60 14.62

BAA Handbook 2010 Mars 41 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets

Orbital elements

Observers with binoculars or small telescopes may find this data useful in locating some of the brighter asteroids.

The data below, for asteroids brighter than magnitude 10.0 at opposition, have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center’s Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox of the elements J2000 Epoch of the elements JD 2455000.5, 2009 June 18.0 TT

No. Name a e i Node Peri M AU º º º º 2 Pallas 2.773 0.231 34.839 173.129 310.239 10.682 4 Vesta 2.362 0.089 7.135 103.916 149.869 199.171 6 Hebe 2.425 0.202 14.754 138.740 239.490 227.221 7 Iris 2.386 0.231 5.526 259.718 145.218 257.619 8 Flora 2.201 0.157 5.889 110.959 285.400 188.389 9 Metis 2.386 0.122 5.574 68.960 6.310 34.461 12 Victoria 2.335 0.220 8.362 235.520 69.715 218.090 15 Eunomia 2.643 0.188 11.738 293.262 97.814 178.425 16 Psyche 2.924 0.139 3.097 150.300 227.135 300.098 29 Amphitrite 2.554 0.073 6.097 356.486 63.090 135.552 39 Laetitia 2.767 0.115 10.386 157.164 209.415 251.048 532 Herculina 2.772 0.178 16.313 107.600 76.582 295.306

Website More information on asteroids and dwarf planets can be found on the website of the Asteroids and Remote Planets Section at: http://www.britastro.org/asteroids or can be accessed via: http://www.britastro.org/baa/content/view/30/68/

42 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 Ephemerides

The geocentric data below, for asteroids attaining magnitude 9.5 or brighter, have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox J2000 Epoch JD 2455000.5, 2009 Jun 18.0 TT 2 Pallas 2010 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Jan. 1 14 38 53.9 +0 58 49 2.778 2.499 63.5 9.4 11 14 53 43.3 +0 11 27 2.679 2.523 70.3 9.4 21 15 07 28.9 +0 53 55 2.578 2.548 77.2 9.3 31 15 19 57.2 +2 18 16 2.475 2.572 84.3 9.3 Feb. 10 15 30 54.5 +4 02 08 2.373 2.596 91.6 9.2

20 15 40 03.8 +6 05 28 2.276 2.621 99.1 9.1 Mar. 2 15 47 08.6 +8 26 48 2.185 2.645 106.6 9.0 12 15 51 53.7 +11 03 20 2.105 2.670 114.1 8.9 22 15 54 04.6 +13 50 13 2.038 2.694 121.3 8.8 Apr. 1 15 53 34.9 +16 40 06 1.988 2.719 127.9 8.7

11 15 50 27.7 +19 24 03 1.957 2.743 133.3 8.7 21 15 44 58.9 +21 51 41 1.947 2.767 136.8 8.6 May 1 15 37 43.4 +23 53 10 1.959 2.791 138.0 8.7 11 15 29 28.2 +25 21 20 1.993 2.814 136.6 8.7 21 15 21 08.4 +26 12 17 2.047 2.838 133.2 8.8

31 15 13 38.5 +26 26 30 2.120 2.861 128.2 9.0 Jun. 10 15 07 39.3 +26 07 43 2.208 2.883 122.5 9.1 20 15 03 38.3 +25 21 16 2.310 2.906 116.2 9.3 30 15 01 47.7 +24 13 30 2.422 2.928 109.9 9.4 Jul. 10 15 02 07.0 +22 50 14 2.541 2.950 103.5 9.5

20 15 04 29.9 +21 16 25 2.666 2.971 97.3 9.7 30 15 08 45.4 +19 36 25 2.794 2.992 91.2 9.8 Aug. 9 15 14 40.8 +17 53 27 2.923 3.012 85.2 9.9

4 Vesta RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Jan. 1 10 41 11.4 +14 10 06 1.754 2.441 123.7 7.1 11 10 41 43.6 +14 54 09 1.644 2.432 133.9 6.9 21 10 39 17.6 +15 56 43 1.551 2.422 144.7 6.7 31 10 33 57.7 +17 13 57 1.480 2.413 156.0 6.5 Feb. 10 10 26 9.7 +18 38 57 1.432 2.403 166.7 6.2

20 10 16 45.9 +20 02 09 1.412 2.394 171.0 6.1 Mar. 2 10 07 03.3 +21 13 27 1.420 2.384 162.6 6.3 12 9 58 22.0 +22 05 39 1.453 2.374 151.5 6.5 BAA Handbook 2010 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 43 Ephemerides 4 Vesta (cont.) 2010 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Mar 22 9 51 50.1 +22 35 05 1.510 2.364 140.4 6.6 Apr. 1 9 48 11.0 +22 41 46 1.585 2.354 130.0 6.8 11 9 47 38.2 +22 28 04 1.674 2.345 120.3 7.0 21 9 50 06.8 +21 56 39 1.773 2.335 111.4 7.2 May 1 9 55 19.4 +21 10 17 1.878 2.325 103.2 7.3

11 10 02 52.2 +20 11 14 1.987 2.315 95.6 7.5 21 10 12 23.5 +19 01 05 2.097 2.305 88.5 7.6 31 10 23 31.9 +17 41 16 2.206 2.295 81.9 7.7 Jun. 10 10 35 59.0 +16 12 53 2.313 2.286 75.8 7.8 20 10 49 31.2 +14 36 49 2.416 2.276 69.9 7.8

30 11 03 56.0 +12 54 03 2.514 2.267 64.3 7.9 Jul. 10 11 19 04.3 +11 05 24 2.608 2.258 58.9 7.9 20 11 34 50.0 +9 11 40 2.695 2.249 53.8 7.9

6 Hebe RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V May 31 23 06 52.6 -5 15 17 1.975 2.117 83.6 9.9 Jun. 10 23 22 26.7 -4 39 00 1.847 2.097 89.3 9.8 20 23 37 09.6 -4 16 02 1.720 2.078 95.4 9.6 30 23 50 50.2 -4 09 39 1.597 2.060 101.7 9.4 Jul. 10 0 03 13.7 -4 23 31 1.479 2.043 108.5 9.2

20 0 13 59.8 -5 01 29 1.368 2.027 115.7 9.0 30 0 22 47.3 -6 06 43 1.265 2.012 123.5 8.8 Aug. 9 0 29 11.8 -7 41 28 1.174 1.998 131.8 8.5 19 0 32 48.9 -9 45 18 1.097 1.985 140.5 8.3 29 0 33 26.1 -12 13 07 1.037 1.974 149.3 8.0

Sep. 8 0 31 05.1 -14 54 32 0.996 1.964 157.0 7.8 18 0 26 15.8 -17 33 06 0.977 1.955 160.9 7.7 28 0 20 01.8 -19 50 16 0.981 1.948 158.3 7.7 Oct. 8 0 13 43.3 -21 30 51 1.006 1.942 151.1 7.9 18 0 08 45.7 -22 26 07 1.051 1.938 142.4 8.1

28 0 06 13.3 -22 35 48 1.112 1.935 133.6 8.3 Nov. 7 0 06 37.3 -22 04 43 1.186 1.934 125.1 8.5 17 0 10 05.8 -20 59 43 1.271 1.935 117.3 8.7 27 0 16 25.4 -19 28 19 1.364 1.937 110.0 8.9 Dec. 7 0 25 13.8 -17 36 46 1.463 1.941 103.2 9.1

17 0 36 09.7 -15 30 12 1.566 1.946 96.8 9.3 27 0 48 50.1 -13 13 11 1.672 1.953 90.9 9.4

44 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 Ephemerides

7 Iris 2010 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Aug. 9 5 38 48.4 +24 50 46 2.309 1.847 51.0 9.8 19 6 03 29.2 +24 39 23 2.240 1.855 55.0 9.8 29 6 27 20.2 +24 12 48 2.168 1.865 59.2 9.8 Sep. 8 6 50 09.5 +23 32 27 2.093 1.876 63.6 9.7 18 7 11 43.4 +22 40 12 2.014 1.890 68.3 9.7

28 7 31 50.2 +21 38 07 1.931 1.904 73.4 9.6 Oct. 8 7 50 17.8 +20 28 32 1.846 1.921 78.8 9.6 18 8 06 51.1 +19 14 07 1.759 1.938 84.6 9.5 28 8 21 16.1 +17 57 33 1.670 1.957 90.9 9.4 Nov. 7 8 33 15.4 +16 41 45 1.581 1.978 97.9 9.3

17 8 42 27.9 +15 29 54 1.493 1.999 105.5 9.1 27 8 48 33.7 +14 25 04 1.410 2.021 113.8 9.0 Dec. 7 8 51 11.3 +13 30 27 1.333 2.044 123.1 8.8 17 8 50 05.7 +12 48 56 1.266 2.068 133.2 8.6 27 8 45 19.4 +12 22 23 1.214 2.093 144.2 8.4

8 Flora RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Jul. 10 23 37 44.1 -7 44 02 1.386 2.043 115.6 9.8 20 23 44 36.3 -7 53 57 1.279 2.026 123.5 9.5 30 23 48 50.9 -8 25 35 1.181 2.009 132.2 9.3 Aug. 9 23 50 05.1 -9 19 52 1.096 1.993 141.5 9.0 19 23 48 05.0 -10 34 53 1.027 1.977 151.5 8.7

29 23 43 00.9 -12 04 14 0.977 1.962 161.6 8.4 Sep. 8 23 35 30.4 -13 37 32 0.949 1.948 169.2 8.2 18 23 26 47.2 -15 01 04 0.942 1.934 166.6 8.2 28 23 18 28.2 -16 02 18 0.959 1.921 157.0 8.4 Oct. 8 23 12 02.6 -16 33 33 0.995 1.910 146.5 8.6

18 23 08 37.2 -16 32 21 1.049 1.899 136.4 8.9 28 23 08 41.3 -16 00 59 1.117 1.889 127.0 9.1 Nov. 7 23 12 13.0 -15 03 37 1.195 1.881 118.4 9.3 17 23 18 55.9 -13 44 28 1.282 1.874 110.5 9.5 27 23 28 22.7 -12 07 47 1.374 1.868 103.3 9.7

Dec. 7 23 40 05.8 -10 16 55 1.471 1.863 96.7 9.8 17 23 37 44.1 -7 44 02 1.386 2.043 115.6 9.8 27 23 44 36.3 -7 53 57 1.279 2.026 123.5 9.5

9 Metis RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Mar. 12 13 53 25.3 -4 10 03 1.633 2.497 142.8 10.1 22 13 47 18.6 -3 30 49 1.575 2.509 154.0 9.9 BAA Handbook 2010 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 45 Ephemerides 9 Metis (cont.) 2010 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Apr. 1 13 39 02.9 -2 46 10 1.542 2.521 165.3 9.7 11 13 29 32.0 -2 01 51 1.534 2.532 173.1 9.5 21 13 19 52.5 -1 24 09 1.555 2.543 166.7 9.7 May 1 13 11 12.9 +0 58 31 1.602 2.554 155.7 9.9 11 13 04 24.1 +0 48 08 1.673 2.564 144.7 10.2

12 Victoria RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Apr. 11 15 33 46.6 -22 53 03 1.282 2.175 144.1 10.2 21 15 29 13.1 -22 01 05 1.196 2.149 155.1 9.9 May 1 15 21 53.7 -20 49 32 1.131 2.124 166.7 9.6 11 15 12 46.8 -19 21 42 1.090 2.100 178.3 9.2 21 15 03 16.9 -17 44 59 1.073 2.075 168.7 9.4

31 14 54 57.9 -16 09 46 1.081 2.051 156.7 9.6 Jun. 10 14 49 02.9 -14 46 07 1.109 2.028 145.4 9.8 20 14 46 19.3 -13 41 31 1.155 2.006 134.8 10.0 15 Eunomia 2010 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V May 21 18 54 03.2 -30 04 10 2.016 2.845 137.5 9.8 31 18 48 46.9 -29 57 42 1.917 2.828 148.0 9.6 Jun. 10 18 40 57.0 -29 46 18 1.840 2.811 158.9 9.3 20 18 31 10.4 -29 27 24 1.788 2.793 169.6 9.1 30 18 20 27.0 -28 59 23 1.763 2.775 173.4 9.0

Jul. 10 18 09 55.4 -28 22 35 1.765 2.756 163.9 9.1 20 18 00 44.3 -27 39 13 1.794 2.738 152.8 9.3 30 17 53 47.9 -26 52 42 1.847 2.719 141.9 9.5 Aug. 9 17 49 36.5 -26 06 25 1.919 2.699 131.4 9.6 19 17 48 23.3 -25 22 47 2.008 2.680 121.6 9.8

29 17 50 04.4 -24 42 57 2.107 2.660 112.3 9.9

16 Psyche RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Nov. 7 5 28 48.3 +18 43 27 1.792 2.641 141.5 10.0 17 5 23 05.2 +18 30 24 1.734 2.652 152.8 9.8 27 5 15 14.2 +18 18 11 1.700 2.664 164.4 9.6 Dec. 7 5 06 07.7 +18 07 43 1.693 2.676 174.6 9.4 17 4 56 54.2 +18 00 14 1.715 2.688 169.2 9.6

27 4 48 42.4 +17 57 06 1.765 2.700 157.6 9.8

46 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 Ephemerides 29 Amphitrite RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V May 31 19 21 03.7 -31 07 24 1.839 2.703 141.0 10.1 Jun. 10 19 15 08.4 -31 36 55 1.764 2.699 151.4 9.9 20 19 06 40.1 -32 02 36 1.710 2.694 161.6 9.6 30 18 56 28.3 -32 19 56 1.682 2.689 169.7 9.5 Jul. 10 18 45 39.9 -32 25 41 1.681 2.683 167.8 9.5

20 18 35 31.8 -32 18 44 1.706 2.678 158.6 9.7 30 18 27 13.8 -32 00 38 1.756 2.672 148.1 9.9 Aug. 9 18 21 32.3 -31 34 28 1.827 2.666 137.8 10.1

39 Laetitia RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Aug. 9 23 52 38.3 -2 11 47 1.619 2.473 138.7 10.0 19 23 50 19.9 -3 20 45 1.543 2.468 149.3 9.7 29 23 45 50.5 -4 46 19 1.489 2.464 160.3 9.5 Sep. 8 23 39 41.0 -6 22 17 1.459 2.460 171.4 9.2 18 23 32 41.8 -7 59 38 1.456 2.457 173.7 9.1

28 23 25 55.1 -9 28 39 1.479 2.455 163.0 9.4 Oct. 11 07 38 03.8 +23 47 12 1.312 2.295 177.3 9.6 21 07 26 42.3 +24 31 17 1.327 2.300 168.4 9.8 31 07 16 40.0 +25 05 44 1.370 2.305 156.0 10.1

532 Herculina RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V Jan. 11 12 14 27.5 +15 39 33 1.760 2.324 112.6 9.8 21 12 21 55.4 +16 51 44 1.650 2.315 120.9 9.6 31 12 26 51.6 +18 25 16 1.553 2.307 129.4 9.4 Feb. 10 12 28 57.3 +20 16 49 1.471 2.300 137.9 9.2 20 12 28 00.8 +22 19 24 1.408 2.294 145.8 9.0

Mar. 2 12 24 11.0 +24 21 47 1.367 2.289 151.9 8.9 12 12 18 00.0 +26 10 52 1.349 2.285 154.3 8.8 22 12 10 25.5 +27 33 38 1.354 2.282 152.0 8.9 Apr. 1 12 02 45.6 +28 20 56 1.381 2.280 146.1 9.0 11 11 56 14.0 +28 29 46 1.429 2.279 138.5 9.2

21 11 51 48.7 +28 01 55 1.494 2.278 130.5 9.3 May 1 11 50 02.3 +27 02 44 1.574 2.279 122.5 9.5 11 11 51 00.6 +25 38 40 1.664 2.281 114.9 9.7 21 11 54 35.8 +23 55 28 1.763 2.284 107.7 9.8

BAA Handbook 2010 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 47 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS

OCCULTATIONS OF STARS BY ASTEROIDS AND DWARF PLANETS Occultation predictions for 2010 were selected by Andrew Elliott from a worldwide list of events computed and published annually by Edwin Goffinof the VVS (Flemish Astronomical Association). The BAA is very grateful to Mr Goffin for permission to publish his predictions in the Handbook. There is space here for only the most easily observable occultation events. Events were selected by retaining mainly those involving numbered minor planets, occulted stars brighter than visual magnitude 10.0, maximum occultation durations greater than 5 seconds, and magnitude drops greater than 1.0. Publication deadlines mean that events are necessarily computed up to 21 months in advance. Although prediction accuracy has improved vastly in recent years, significant uncertainties may remain when computed so far in advance. Observers are therefore advised to consult the following internet resources in the month prior to an event for updated predictions and detailed charts. The websites also list detailed predictions for hundreds more events in the regions they cover. (URLs confirmed valid at the time of going to press.) http://asteroidoccultation.com/ - Steve Preston’s whole-world updated predictions with last-minute updates. http://www.poyntsource.com/ - Derek Breit - same as above but with direct links to individual tracks plotted on Google Earth and Google Maps. ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/ - the VVS website hosting Edwin Goffin’s predictions (computation details, postscript and PDF charts). http://mpocc.astro.cz/ - the Czech Astronomical Society’s Europe, North Africa and Middle East subset of the above but including charts in GIF format and updates. http://www.astrosurf.com/eaon - the European Asteroidal Occultation Network’s (EAON) prediction for Europe, with ‘extra’ predictions, information, and occultation links. http://www.hristopavlov.net/OccultWatcher/OccultWatcher.html - Hristo Pavlov’s excellent ‘OccultWatcher’ collaboration software. This generates detailed personalised predictions for your own site with links to Google Track Maps and much more. It also helps to coordinate observations worldwide. In the table of predictions below: Time = UT of closest geocentric approach.

Region of Visibility codes (RoV): 1 = North and Central America, 2 = South America, 3 = Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, 4 = South Africa, 5 = Russia, 6 = Pakistan, India, and SE Asia, 7 = Japan, China and Taiwan, 8 = Australia and New Zealand.

48 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS Diam Max. Date Time Minor Planet (IRAS) Star reference V Dur. Mag. RoV 2010 h m No. Name km Mag. sec. drop Jan. 6 00 03 304 Olga 68 HIP 46984 8.8 8 5.6 4 8 02 06 139 Juewa 150 TYC 1761-01087-1 9.3 37 3.6 1 11 09 33 305 Gordonia 49 TYC 0646-00592-1 9.6 10 3.9 7 12 21 03 479 Caprera 54 TYC 0742-00080-1 9.7 9 3.1 5 13 00 28 709 Fringilla 97 HIP 29222 9.4 8 4.3 2 15 00 44 943 Begonia 69 TYC 1338-01932-1 9.6 7 3.5 2 23 00 25 1033 Simona 25 TYC 4933-01241-1 9.8 9 6.4 3 24 11 38 589 Croatia 88 TYC 0070-01199-1 8.6 13 5.9 7 25 18 06 535 Montague 75 TYC 1872-00148-1 9.1 11 4.3 3 Feb. 2 16 11 442 Eichsfeldia 67 TYC 1322-01434-1 9.5 12 4.3 8 4 06 24 568 Cheruskia 87 HIP 38274 7.4 9 5.6 1 7 15 58 86 Semele 121 TYC 0857-00124-1 9.4 12 4.5 7 10 08 16 493 Griseldis 46 TYC 5547-00815-1 9.0 10 7.2 1 13 02 33 607 Jenny 63 HIP 54672 9.1 7 4.5 2 20 21 55 196 Philomela 136 HIP 36221 9.1 23 2.7 3,5 27 19 15 532 Herculina 222 HIP 60599 6.2 23 2.8 3,5,6,8 Mar. 2 22 02 674 Rachele 97 TYC 1985-01163-1 9.8 9 1.6 3 3 18 40 793 Arizona 29 FK6 5333 9.0 7 6.5 7 5 01 49 542 Susanna 42 TYC 0758-01387-1 8.7 6 5.9 1 23 17 45 226 Weringia 34 FK6 2646 5.8 10 9.3 6 29 09 18 29 Amphitrite 212 HIP 92870 6.9 12 4.2 2 30 04 09 69 Hesperia 138 UCAC2 35750296 9.9 23 1.7 2 Apr. 4 05 17 276 Adelheid 122 TYC 5133-01986-1 9.9 6 4.8 3 6 10 21 824 Anastasia 34 FK6 622 2.5 9 12.1 1 10 07 47 211 Isolda 143 TYC 6860-00305-1 9.8 14 4.4 2 13 17 38 713 Luscinia 89 HIP 40141 9.3 11 6.2 5 14 21 43 602 Marianna 125 TYC 6105-00609-1 9.8 8 4.1 3 15 20 02 130 Elektra 182 TYC 0774-00839-1 9.8 9 3.3 3 20 01 04 94 Aurora 218 HIP 49395 8.1 56 4.9 2,3 30 09 27 276 Adelheid 122 TYC 0464-02568-1 9.9 10 4.5 2 May. 4 10 09 654 Zelinda 129 HIP 98650 8.9 17 4.5 1 20 22 53 308 Polyxo 141 TYC 5602-00665-1 8.3 14 3.6 2,4 25 13 58 29 Amphitrite 212 TYC 7424-02507-1 9.6 49 1.1 8 26 19 39 850 Altona 81 HIP 77897 7.8 8 5.7 4 Jun. 1 17 08 84 Klio 79 HIP 88776 8.3 13 3.8 8 8 14 32 1796 Riga 74 TYC 1089-00268-1 9.8 12 5.7 7 17 18 09 13 Egeria 208 TYC 7888-04458-1 9.8 17 1.3 8 19 15 53 1300 Marcelle 28 HIP 106600 8.1 6 7.4 8 25 02 55 738 Alagasta 63 TYC 6272-02331-1 8.6 5 5.7 2 25 08 19 177 Irma 73 HIP 95503 5.6 7 7.8 2,8 25 11 30 1300 Marcelle 28 TYC 6939-00539-1 9.8 5 5.7 8 27 01 21 2214 Carol 25 HIP 74537 6.7 7 10.0 2 27 12 28 532 Herculina 222 HIP 60672 6.9 9 3.5 7 29 08 36 564 Dudu 50 TYC 6784-00059-1 9.4 7 3.7 8 Jul. 1 04 46 755 Quintilla 45 TYC 6187-01272-1 9.2 8 5.0 1 1 19 55 410 Chloris 124 TYC 6242-00318-1 8.9 18 2.0 6 6 01 03 36 Atalante 106 TYC 4674-00017-1 9.2 6 3.7 4 7 19 25 112 Iphigenia 72 HIP 92511 9.0 9 3.4 4,8 8 02 43 654 Zelinda 129 HIP 95670 8.6 9 3.7 2 8 22 07 472 Roma 51 FK6 603 2.7 5 10.7 2,3 BAA Handbook 2010 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 49 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS Diam Max. Date Time Minor Planet (IRAS) Star reference V Dur. Mag. RoV 2010 h m No. Name km Mag. sec. drop 9 15 50 187 Lamberta 130 TYC 5260-00842-1 9.7 30 3.8 7 14 04 59 654 Zelinda 129 TYC 6297-00276-1 9.8 9 2.5 2 15 21 36 388 Charybdis 114 TYC 7381-00716-1 9.9 13 3.2 2,4 22 05 54 187 Lamberta 130 HIP 671 6.2 102 7.1 1,2 22 17 05 45 Eugenia 215 TYC 6314-00521-1 9.9 20 1.3 8 26 21 56 16 Psyche 253 TYC 1255-00359-1 9.7 8 1.7 6 27 08 30 172 Baucis 62 HIP 77322 8.6 9 4.1 8 27 19 52 221 Eos 104 TYC 4673-00994-1 9.1 15 3.5 6,8 Aug. 3 03 22 266 Aline 126 HIP 108263 7.2 14 5.4 2,4 7 14 53 925 Alphonsina 54 HIP 83472 9.1 6 4.1 8 8 03 46 --- 1999OJ4 (TNO) 75 TYC 5807-00363-1 9.7 6 13.1 1,2,3,4 13 06 37 474 Prudentia 38 HIP 2212 9.5 10 3.9 1,2 16 23 28 799 Gudula 44 TYC 0621-00614-1 9.9 11 4.8 3 21 09 54 16 Psyche 253 HIP 22112 8.5 11 2.7 1 31 12 17 695 Bella 76 TYC 2332-01054-1 7.7 6 5.5 1 Sep. 3 01 03 136 Austria 33 HIP 5732 8.0 9 4.8 3,5 5 01 26 474 Prudentia 38 HIP 1927 8.5 6 4.4 3,5 10 13 57 169 Zelia 34 TYC 0017-00900-1 9.8 6 2.5 8 10 16 13 739 Mandeville 108 TYC 5841-01276-1 9.7 7 3.5 7 12 17 12 780 Armenia 94 TYC 6313-00138-1 9.0 13 4.9 3,4,5 Oct. 3 03 24 28 Bellona 124 HIP 35124 8.3 6 3.8 3 3 12 31 29 Amphitrite 212 TYC 6871-00528-1 9.4 13 1.7 8 6 17 27 429 Lotis 70 TYC 5174-00053-1 9.7 9 4.5 3,5 7 08 27 123 Brunhild 42 TYC 2387-00186-1 9.7 10 3.4 1 7 09 03 547 Praxedis 58 HIP 115273 7.8 8 4.5 1,8 13 16 04 48 Doris 222 TYC 6285-03407-1 9.2 11 3.8 6 14 09 39 1212 Francette 82 TYC 1346-00542-1 8.8 6 6.8 1 20 00 15 791 Ani 104 TYC 0816-01209-1 9.2 6 6.5 6 22 00 02 424 Gratia 87 HIP 99254 8.9 6 6.3 2 29 09 59 96 Aegle 170 TYC 2849-00615-1 9.7 13 3.0 1 Nov. 2 23 42 14 Irene 182 HIP 108451 8.3 16 3.5 2 3 19 40 466 Tisiphone 116 HIP 7268 9.1 8 4.6 3 5 10 58 31 Euphrosyne 256 HIP 107779 7.6 13 5.2 8 6 14 13 249 Ilse 37 TYC 2848-01786-1 8.8 6 4.6 6,7 8 12 28 223 Rosa 88 TYC 0026-00720-1 9.6 9 4.6 7 13 23 58 648 Pippa 81 TYC 2378-00217-1 9.8 8 3.9 3 16 11 17 451 Patientia 225 TYC 7440-00700-1 9.5 8 3.2 8 20 06 24 66 Maja 72 HIP 40833 8.0 16 5.5 2 21 05 57 805 Hormuthia 67 TYC 0136-00073-1 9.9 6 5.7 3 26 04 48 170 Maria 44 HIP 5470 8.8 6 4.5 1 28 16 44 387 Aquitania 101 HIP 31704 8.8 9 3.9 8 28 19 47 37 Fides 108 HIP 19583 8.9 13 1.2 4 Dec. 1 10 16 45 Eugenia 215 TYC 6348-00571-1 9.3 7 3.8 8 3 08 07 814 Tauris 110 HIP 1069 7.6 6 5.3 7 5 03 15 100 Hekate 83 TYC 4669-00573-1 9.4 9 3.5 1 6 16 36 356 Liguria 131 TYC 5806-01386-1 9.8 6 3.6 3 7 22 38 356 Liguria 131 FK6 3771 5.4 6 7.9 2 18 11 56 874 Rotraut 53 TYC 0205-01601-1 9.5 9 5.6 1 19 15 37 257 Silesia 73 TYC 1886-01743-1 8.7 6 4.7 7 28 03 26 268 Adorea 140 TYC 1373-00136-1 9.3 12 3.4 1 50 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 ASTEROIDS - FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES LIGHTCURVE OPPORTUNITIES Prepared by Richard Miles based on an analysis of both numbered and unnumbered objects in the Minor Planet Center MPCORB database by Brian D. Warner. Asteroids are listed which at opposition are brighter than magnitude 15 and for which the rotation period is very uncertain or unknown. Where a ‘U’ code is given as ‘1’, the values given are based on fragmentary lightcurves and are likely to be incorrect. Period/amplitude data are taken from the list maintained by Dr. Alan W. Harris and Brian D. Warner of the Space Science Institute and Petr Pravec of the Astronomical Institute, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, at: http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/astlc/LightcurveParameters.htm Asteroid Opposition V Number Name Date Mag. Δ Dec. U Period Amplitude m d AU ° Code h mag. 515 Athalia 01 19.9 14.8 1.809 +20 - 749 Malzovia 01 20.0 14.5 1.388 +22 - 2616 Lesya 01 28.8 14.9 1.300 +17 - 2960 Ohtaki 01 30.4 14.9 1.004 +18 - 828 Lindemannia 02 06.6 14.8 2.301 +17 - 431 Nephele 02 17.1 13.8 2.691 +13 1 21.43 0.3 3458 Boduognat 02 25.4 14.7 1.102 +9 - 1415 Malautra 03 02.2 14.1 1.094 +6 1 >12 0.03 2004 Lexell 03 05.5 14.8 1.202 +8 - 22295 1989 SZ9 03 22.6 14.9 1.055 0 - 1332 Marconia 03 28.8 14.9 2.452 -3 - 299 Thora 04 06.5 14.6 1.577 -8 1 2297 Daghestan 04 09.8 14.6 1.793 -6 - 1795 Woltjer 04 11.7 14.8 1.515 -7 - 4569 Baerbel 04 12.0 14.7 1.447 -10 - 1669 Dagmar 04 18.0 14.5 1.776 -11 1 >12 0.15 1027 Aesculapia 04 26.9 14.3 1.865 -14 1 6.83 0.15 1162 Larissa 04 27.8 14.3 2.547 -14 1 13 0.1 2500 Alascattalo 05 02.9 14.5 1.016 -14 - 910 Anneliese 05 11.1 13.2 1.496 -18 - 5483 Cherkashin 05 15.1 14.5 1.920 -17 - 2248 Kanda 05 21.9 14.9 1.864 -21 - 3419 Guth 05 23.6 14.7 2.022 -22 - 1154 Astronomia 05 27.7 14.8 2.152 -19 - 1978 Patrice 05 28.1 14.6 0.980 -23 - 4225 1989 BN 06 04.2 14.8 1.114 -24 - 991 McDonalda 06 11.0 14.8 1.836 -24 - 21996 1999 XP31 07 13.3 14.9 1.295 -20 - 10292 1986 PM 07 18.0 14.7 0.891 -22 - 4297 Eichhorn 07 23.0 13.8 0.869 -20 - 763 Cupido 07 27.1 14.4 1.073 -17 1 14.88 0.03 1004 Belopolskya 07 31.1 14.4 2.253 -17 - 2217 Eltigen 08 04.0 14.0 1.647 -18 - 3904 Honda 08 06.7 14.6 1.665 -16 1 >24 0.1 BAA Handbook 2010 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 51 ASTEROIDS - FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES

Asteroid Opposition V Number Name Date Mag. Δ Dec. U Period Amplitude m d AU ° Code h mag. 7178 Ikuookamoto 08 10.5 14.7 0.824 -17 - 2016 Heinemann 08 10.9 14.6 1.620 -17 - 3383 Koyama 08 11.3 14.9 1.461 -15 - 716 Berkeley 08 14.0 14.7 1.463 -13 1 >17 0.2 3738 Ots 08 15.6 14.3 0.963 -15 - 4405 Otava 08 16.3 14.7 1.704 -14 - 2025 Nortia 08 24.7 14.3 1.940 -11 - 1811 Bruwer 09 09.2 14.4 1.868 -5 - 14299 3162 T-2 09 10.8 14.9 1.156 -4 - 1247 Memoria 09 16.8 14.0 1.748 -3 - 833 Monica 09 24.3 14.7 1.670 +2 - 5567 Durisen 09 29.2 13.6 1.436 +1 - 207 Hedda 10 05.6 12.5 1.340 +3 1 >12 0.03 5714 Krasinsky 10 16.4 14.9 1.507 +9 - 1383 Limburgia 10 21.1 14.5 1.538 +11 - 1256 Normannia 10 21.3 14.8 2.685 +13 1 6.8 0.06 1486 Marilyn 10 26.1 14.8 1.079 +12 - 3133 Sendai 10 26.8 14.2 0.837 +12 - 1328 Devota 10 27.8 14.3 2.029 +14 - 1253 Frisia 10 28.3 14.4 1.494 +13 - 1082 Pirola 10 29.0 14.0 1.769 +11 - 2848 ASP 11 01.4 14.2 1.578 +16 - 6413 Iye 11 03.5 14.9 1.040 +16 - 2360 Volgo-Don 11 05.0 14.4 1.163 +16 - 7837 Mutsumi 11 08.0 14.8 0.915 +18 - 846 Lipperta 11 16.9 13.4 1.594 +19 1 >24 0.02 2697 Albina 11 17.5 14.7 2.285 +22 1 9.6 0.02 6734 Benzenberg 11 20.0 14.7 1.763 +19 - 5392 Parker 11 20.6 14.8 1.146 +21 1 45 0.2 1912 Anubis 11 21.7 14.7 1.666 +19 - 2057 Rosemary 11 22.0 14.7 1.411 +22 - 2219 Mannucci 11 22.9 14.5 1.904 +18 - 4729 Mikhailmil’ 11 23.4 14.3 0.915 +21 - 2379 Heiskanen 11 24.3 14.8 1.978 +20 - 14999 1997 VX8 12 04.2 14.9 1.348 +24 - 2831 Stevin 12 07.9 14.5 1.087 +22 - 4289 Biwako 12 11.1 14.3 0.973 +24 -

52 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 ASTEROIDS - FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES

Low Phase Angle/Opposition Opportunities Prepared by Richard Miles based on data derived from the Minor Planet Center MPCORB database by Brian D. Warner.

Asteroids selected based on the following criteria: PhA<0.20 deg, V<=14.5, PhA<0.40 deg, V<=13.0

Asteroid Opposition Minimum V Amplitude Number Name Date Phase Angle Mag. Dec. Period mag. m d ° ° h 581 Tauntonia 01 04.1 0.19 13.8 +23 16.54 0.06 702 Alauda 01 08.8 0.29 11.7 +23 8.36 0.10 484 Pittsburghia 01 27.3 0.13 13.5 +18 10.63 0.37 625 Xenia 01 28.8 0.12 14.3 +18 21.101 0.50 64 Angelina 01 29.6 0.18 10.2 +18 8.752 0.42 135 Hertha 02 15.2 0.36 12.1 +14 8.403 0.30 59 Elpis 03 13.3 0.21 11.9 +3 13.69 0.20 996 Hilaritas 03 15.8 0.11 14.3 +2 7.2 0.69 1451 Grano 03 17.1 0.12 14.2 +2 5.109 0.06 658 Asteria 03 23.9 0.16 14.4 -2 21.034 0.32 495 Eulalia 03 25.0 0.06 14.2 -2 29.2 0.30 73 Klytia 03 29.9 0.07 12.4 -4 8.297 0.35 1225 Ariane 03 31.2 0.16 14.2 -4 5.507 0.36 91 Aegina 04 12.2 0.26 12.2 -9 6.025 0.15 1669 Dagmar 04 18.0 0.08 14.5 -11 >12 0.15 1027 Aesculapia 04 26.9 0.09 14.3 -14 6.83 0.15 651 Antikleia 04 26.9 0.15 14.5 -13 20.291 0.40 1162 Larissa 04 27.8 0.08 14.3 -14 13 0.10 656 Beagle 05 01.9 0.16 13.8 -15 7.035 1.20 508 Princetonia 05 05.9 0.08 12.4 -17 52.8 0.40 910 Anneliese 05 11.1 0.08 13.2 -18 - - 3259 Brownlee 05 23.4 0.17 13.6 -21 9.24 0.16 564 Dudu 05 31.7 0.33 12.3 -21 8.882 0.55 27 Euterpe 06 13.3 0.24 10.4 -23 10.41 0.21 134340 Pluto 06 25.8 0.16 14.3 -18 153.294 0.30 211 Isolda 06 29.0 0.37 12.7 -22 18.365 0.14 2264 Sabrina 07 03.5 0.17 13.8 -23 43.41 0.30 678 Fredegundis 07 04.2 0.13 12.5 -23 11.616 0.27 184 Dejopeja 07 07.7 0.39 12.7 -24 6.455 0.30 758 Mancunia 07 08.2 0.07 12.9 -22 12.724 0.26 512 Taurinensis 07 09.8 0.19 11.8 -22 5.585 0.35 1780 Kippes 07 13.7 0.13 14.4 -22 18 0.23 24 Themis 07 20.1 0.31 11.8 -22 8.374 0.14 551 Ortrud 07 29.1 0.17 13.8 -19 13.05 0.16 180 Garumna 08 01.9 0.07 14.5 -18 23.859 0.56 2217 Eltigen 08 04.0 0.09 14.0 -18 - -

BAA Handbook 2010 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 53 ASTEROIDS - FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES Low Phase Angle/Opposition Opportunities (continued)

Asteroid Opposition Minimum V Amplitude Number Name Date Phase Angle Mag. Dec. Period mag. m d ° ° h 206 Hersilia 08 09.1 0.34 12.3 -15 11.11 0.14 1746 Brouwer 08 16.1 0.06 14.4 -14 19.8 0.35 51 Zeissia 08 20.1 0.17 14.4 -13 9.34 0.53 2025 Nortia 08 24.7 0.15 14.3 -11 - - 672 Astarte 09 05.9 0.15 13.5 -7 19.8 0.10 1811 Bruwer 09 09.2 0.16 14.4 -5 - - 108 Hecuba 09 24.5 0.34 12.8 +2 17.859 0.20 68 Lina 10 03.0 0.06 12.8 +4 16.33 0.18 477 Italia 10 04.3 0.19 11.9 +4 19.42 0.64 1383 Limburgia 10 21.1 0.09 14.5 +11 - - 175 Andromache 10 22.5 0.30 11.5 +12 8.324 0.30 1253 Frisia 10 28.3 0.16 14.4 +13 - - 769 Tatjana 10 31.2 0.10 13.2 +14 35.08 0.33 162 Laurentia 10 31.3 0.15 13.0 +14 11.869 0.35 586 Thekla 11 04.7 0.15 13.1 +16 13.67 0.30 846 Lipperta 11 16.9 0.09 13.4 +19 >24 0.02 1143 Odysseus 11 17.3 0.19 14.4 +18 10.125 0.16 480 Hansa 11 20.1 0.10 11.4 +19 16.19 0.58 116 Sirona 11 29.1 0.12 11.2 +22 12.028 0.55 690 Wratislavia 12 07.7 0.25 11.7 +22 8.64 0.31 147 Protogeneia 12 12.5 0.22 12.5 +22 7.853 0.28 523 Ada 12 17.7 0.26 12.5 +23 10.03 0.70 348 May 12 21.3 0.16 12.9 +23 7.381 0.16

54 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 NEO Close Approaches to Earth

The table below was derived from data on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Near Earth Object Program website at: http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ca/

It lists asteroids predicted to pass within 0.05 AU (about 7.5 million km) of the Earth during 2010 (as of 2009 Apr 7). Newly-discovered objects may be added to the list available via the JPL NEO site, so do check this for recent updates. The Nominal Miss distance is given in Lunar Distances (LD) and Astronomical Units (AU). The apparent Elongation and Declination are geocentric. Ephemerides should be obtained near the time of observation from the MPC via its Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

For your local ephemerides, choose a location or observatory near your site. Note that the positions of some objects may be subject to significant uncertainty.

Object Close Nominal Relative H V Date Elongation Declination Approach Miss Distance Velocity Magnitude Magnitude when when when Date LD / AU km/s (brightest) brightest brightest brightest 2008 CQ116 Feb. 10.5 19.3/0.0496 12.7 23.6 19.4 Feb. 12.3 117 +38 2002 XY38 Feb. 20.1 16.3/0.0419 5.4 22.9 17.6 Feb. 10.0 159 +5 2001 PT9 Mar. 2.5 12.6/0.0322 13.3 20.1 14.6 Feb. 27.8 138 -32 2005 YU55 Apr. 19.2 5.3/0.0135 13.2 22.0 15.0 Apr. 18.1 132 +14 2002 JR100 Apr. 30.0 8.0/0.0204 8.0 24.1 18.3 May 3.1 117 +40 2009 BD May 7.8 9.1/0.0235 0.9 28.3 21.6 Aug. 2.1 167 -29 1999 MN Jun. 4.5 13.0/0.0334 14.4 21.4 14.9 Jun. 6.9 175 -18 2008 YC3 Jun. 24.1 12.2/0.0313 6.5 25.4 20.8 Jun. 25.6 95 -6 2002 BF25 Jul. 18.6 10.5/0.0269 7.7 22.3 17.5 Jul. 14.0 105 -48 2002 AC9 Aug. 13.3 19.0/0.0488 13.7 20.7 16.9 Aug. 8.2 120 -53 2003 UV11 Oct. 30.2 5.0/0.0130 25.4 19.3 11.9 Oct. 29.5 143 +23 2008 EL Nov. 2.8 12.6/0.0325 17.8 22.2 17.4 Nov. 5.1 116 -49 2006 JY26 Nov. 4.6 14.3/0.0368 4.1 28.3 23.9 Nov. 13.5 109 -5 2002 VE68 Nov. 7.1 13.8/0.0354 8.6 20.3 14.6 Nov. 7.8 144 +42 2005 JU81 Nov. 17.2 14.6/0.0376 11.5 21.9 18.5 Nov. 11.6 89 -70 2008 KT Nov. 23.9 5.6/0.0143 2.7 28.2 21.4 Dec. 1.8 130 +4 2005 GC120 Dec. 1.2 16.9/0.0434 19.0 19.6 15.5 Dec. 3.7 110 +3

BAA Handbook 2010 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 55 Trans-Neptunian & Scattered-Disk Objects (H<4.0)

The list, prepared by Richard Miles, comprises the date, magnitude, geocentric position and apparent motion of the 25 most intrinsically bright objects when at opposition in 2010. The sizes of the smaller objects listed are speculative given that they are based on an estimated albedo only. If you wish to observe an object then go to the website of the Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html Here you enter the date and the designation of the object(s) you wish to observe. Given the extreme distance of these objects, the geocentric position will be sufficiently accurate for any location on the Earth.

Object Opposition V H Approx. RA Dec. Motion Number/Name Prov ID Date Mag. Mag. Diam. Δ Speed PA km AU h m º ' "/min º (136199) Eris 2003 UB313 Oct 15 18.7 -1.2 2400 95.67 1 40.0 -4 17.8 0.024 252 (134340) Pluto - Jun 26 14.3 -0.7 2390 30.84 18 16.6 -18 15.4 0.064 265 (136472) Makemake 2005 FY9 Mar 16 16.9 -0.3 1600 51.29 12 35.3 +28 27.7 0.042 297 (136108) Haumea 2003 EL61 Apr 6 17.3 0.2 1500 * 50.13 13 44.1 +19 14.1 0.043 296 (90377) Sedna 2003 VB12 Nov 14 21.0 1.6 1800 86.38 3 30.2 +6 34.1 0.025 256 2007 OR10 Aug 24 21.2 1.9 1600 85.14 22 17.5 -14 20.1 0.027 252 (90482) Orcus 2004 DW Feb 19 19.1 2.3 1400 46.95 9 45.4 -6 25.1 0.047 289 (50000) Quaoar 2002 LM60 Jun 11 19.0 2.6 1200 42.16 17 20.7 -15 20.9 0.049 275 2005 QU182 Oct 3 20.0 3.1 1000 47.78 0 57.1 -8 25.0 0.043 248 (28978) Ixion 2001 KX76 Jun 7 19.3 3.2 800 40.35 16 57.9 -24 27.1 0.052 273 (55636) 2002 TX300 Oct 15 19.6 3.3 600 40.73 0 41.7 +29 12.4 0.051 247 (55565) 2002 AW197 Feb 10 20.0 3.3 900 45.46 9 20.7 +4 26.5 0.048 284 (202421) 2005 UQ513 Oct 9 20.3 3.4 900 47.76 0 16.9 +28 46.8 0.045 245 2007 UK126 Nov 22 20.2 3.6 900 43.93 4 07.6 -2 18.6 0.047 260 (208996) 2003 AZ84 Jan 15 20.2 3.6 800 44.39 7 38.9 +11 54.0 0.049 278 (174567) 2003 MW12 Jun 1 20.4 3.6 900 46.76 16 47.6 -1 55.7 0.045 279 (55637) 2002 UX25 Oct 27 19.8 3.6 800 40.59 2 10.8 +9 40.9 0.052 247 (20000) Varuna 2000 WR106 Jan 11 20.0 3.6 900 42.52 7 32.6 +25 59.7 0.051 282 2002 MS4 ** Jun 24 20.5 3.7 800 47.18 18 08.4 -8 16.6 0.045 271 2006 QH181 Nov 28 22.9 3.8 800 81.36 4 18.5 +18 36.7 0.028 262 (84522) 2002 TC302 Oct 29 20.5 3.8 700 45.32 2 03.2 +21 46.3 0.048 255 (145452) 2005 RN43 Aug 27 20.0 3.9 700 40.68 22 04.5 +0 12.3 0.052 246 2004 XA192 Dec 23 19.6 4.0 800 35.72 6 09.3 +57 42.4 0.060 267 (145453) 2005 RR43 Nov 19 19.9 4.0 650 37.85 3 51.3 +4 32.9 0.056 262 (90568) 2004 GV9 Apr 28 20.0 4.0 650 39.18 14 02.6 -26 01.9 0.054 294

*2003 EL61 is asymmetric in shape being roughly 2000km x 1500km x 1000km in size. **The position of 2002 MS4 may be uncertain.

56 Trans-Neptunian Objects BAA Handbook 2010 Dwarf Planets

Orbital elements The orbital data below have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center’s Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html Equinox of the elements J2000, Epoch of the elements JD 2455000.5, 2009 Jun 18.0 TT No. Name a e i Node Peri M AU ° ° ° ° 1 Ceres 2.767 0.079 10.586 80.399 72.825 27.449 134340 Pluto 39.719 0.252 17.114 110.335 114.703 27.776 136108 Haumea 43.084 0.196 28.224 122.104 239.362 203.167 136199 Eris 67.959 0.435 43.968 35.986 151.450 199.280 136472 Makemake 45.384 0.162 29.000 79.538 295.166 152.206

Ephemerides The geocentric data below have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html Equinox J2000, Epoch JD 2455000.5, 2009 Jun 18.0 TT 1 Ceres 2010 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s ° ' " AU AU ° V Feb. 10 17 14 38.3 -19 48 51 3.065 2.738 61.7 8.9 20 17 28 14.3 -20 14 42 2.949 2.747 68.6 8.9 Mar. 2 17 40 43.9 -20 36 28 2.827 2.755 75.7 8.8 12 17 51 55.2 -20 55 25 2.701 2.763 83.1 8.8 22 18 1 33.1 -21 12 59 2.573 2.771 90.8 8.7 Apr. 1 18 9 22.6 -21 30 44 2.445 2.779 98.8 8.6 11 18 15 08.2 -21 50 10 2.320 2.788 107.3 8.4 21 18 18 32.9 -22 12 40 2.201 2.796 116.4 8.3 May 1 18 19 23.6 -22 39 12 2.091 2.804 125.9 8.1 11 18 17 32.1 -23 10 02 1.996 2.812 136.0 7.9 21 18 12 58.6 -23 44 34 1.918 2.819 146.7 7.7 31 18 6 01.2 -24 21 06 1.862 2.827 157.9 7.5 Jun. 10 17 57 14.2 -24 57 14 1.831 2.835 169.4 7.3 20 17 47 30.0 -25 30 31 1.827 2.842 177.5 7.1 30 17 37 53.0 -25 59 14 1.851 2.850 166.8 7.4 Jul. 10 17 29 23.4 -26 22 58 1.901 2.857 155.4 7.6 20 17 22 51.4 -26 42 26 1.975 2.864 144.5 7.9 30 17 18 48.4 -26 58 59 2.071 2.871 134.1 8.1 Aug. 9 17 17 26.0 -27 13 56 2.183 2.878 124.2 8.3 19 17 18 44.7 -27 28 07 2.307 2.885 115.0 8.4 29 17 22 34.3 -27 41 51 2.441 2.891 106.2 8.6 Sep. 8 17 28 40.2 -27 54 56 2.581 2.897 97.9 8.8 18 17 36 47.9 -28 06 49 2.724 2.903 90.0 8.9 28 17 46 40.9 -28 16 45 2.866 2.909 82.5 9.0 Oct. 8 17 58 04.7 -28 23 51 3.006 2.915 75.2 9.1 18 18 10 46.5 -28 27 18 3.142 2.921 68.1 9.1 28 18 24 33.1 -28 26 18 3.272 2.926 61.2 9.2 BAA Handbook 2010 Dwarf Planets 57 Nov 7 18 39 13.7 Dw-28arf 20 Planets10 3.393 2.931 54.5 9.2 134340 Pluto RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s ° ' " AU AU ° V Mar. 22 18 21 50.2 -18 13 36 31.860 31.805 85.9 14.6 Apr. 11 18 22 05.5 -18 12 11 31.532 31.815 105.5 14.5 May 1 18 21 29.1 -18 11 31 31.236 31.826 125.1 14.5 21 18 20 08.2 -18 11 53 31.006 31.836 144.6 14.4 Jun. 10 18 18 15.6 -18 13 23 30.871 31.847 163.7 14.4 30 18 16 08.2 -18 16 01 30.847 31.857 173.4 14.3 Jul. 20 18 14 05.0 -18 19 40 30.938 31.868 155.8 14.4 Aug. 9 18 12 24.2 -18 24 06 31.135 31.878 136.5 14.5 29 18 11 21.0 -18 29 02 31.415 31.889 117.2 14.5 Sep. 18 18 11 05.6 -18 34 08 31.748 31.899 97.8 14.5 Oct. 8 18 11 42.6 -18 39 01 32.097 31.910 78.4 14.6 136108 Haumea RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s ° ' " AU AU ° V Jan. 1 13 46 24.3 +18 19 52 51.126 51.029 83.8 17.4 21 13 46 49.5 +18 29 23 50.815 51.026 101.8 17.4 Feb. 10 13 46 42.6 +18 41 25 50.530 51.023 119.5 17.4 Mar. 2 13 46 05.5 +18 54 23 50.304 51.020 135.8 17.4 22 13 45 04.2 +19 06 31 50.165 51.017 148.4 17.4 Apr. 11 13 43 48.0 +19 16 14 50.129 51.014 151.8 17.3 May 1 13 42 27.7 +19 22 14 50.196 51.011 143.6 17.4 21 13 41 14.6 +19 23 47 50.359 51.008 129.5 17.4 Jun. 10 13 40 18.6 +19 20 44 50.595 51.005 113.3 17.4 30 13 39 47.1 +19 13 27 50.877 51.002 96.5 17.4 Jul. 20 13 39 44.5 +19 02 46 51.172 50.999 79.6 17.4 136199 Eris RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s ° ' " AU AU ° V Jun. 30 1 41 44.7 -3 59 42 96.889 96.653 76.3 18.8 Jul. 20 1 41 54.0 -4 01 07 96.560 96.650 94.8 18.8 Aug. 9 1 41 48.2 -4 03 57 96.240 96.647 113.4 18.7 29 1 41 27.9 -4 07 49 95.966 96.644 131.9 18.7 Sep. 18 1 40 55.3 -4 12 11 95.769 96.641 150.0 18.7 Oct. 8 1 40 14.3 -4 16 27 95.674 96.638 164.6 18.7 28 1 39 29.8 -4 19 59 95.693 96.634 161.3 18.7 Nov. 17 1 38 47.4 -4 22 15 95.825 96.631 144.5 18.7 Dec. 7 1 38 12.8 -4 22 51 96.055 96.628 125.3 18.7 27 1 37 50.3 -4 21 36 96.356 96.625 105.6 18.8 136472 Makemake RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s ° ' " AU AU ° V Jan. 1 12 37 57.2 +27 43 10 51.931 52.143 101.9 17.0 21 12 37 51.8 +27 55 04 51.656 52.146 119.4 17.0 Feb. 10 12 37 14.7 +28 08 06 51.442 52.149 135.4 17.0 Mar. 2 12 36 11.7 +28 20 26 51.314 52.152 147.4 16.9 22 12 34 52.2 +28 30 18 51.288 52.155 150.1 16.9 Apr. 11 12 33 27.7 +28 36 20 51.367 52.157 141.8 17.0 May 1 12 32 10.2 +28 37 40 51.538 52.160 127.7 17.0 21 12 31 10.1 +28 34 10 51.781 52.163 111.6 17.0 Jun. 10 12 30 35.4 +28 26 12 52.068 52.166 95.0 17.0 30 12 30 30.6 +28 14 38 52.364 52.169 78.4 17.0 58 Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 Dwarf Planets (134340) Pluto

Stars down to magnitude 12 are shown. Pluto is at opposition on June 25 at magnitude 14.3. Its brightness varies little throughout the year, ranging in V magnitude from 14.3 to 14.6.

Charts prepared using GUIDE 8.0. BAA Handbook 2010 Dwarf Planets 59 Dwarf Planets (134340) Pluto Detailed charts around the time of opposition. Jun 1 to Ju1 2 Jun 29 to Aug 1

The charts show stars down to magnitude 15.

60 Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2010 Jupiter

Opposition: September 21 Conjunction: February 28 Equat. Polar 2010 R.A. Dec. Mag. Diam. Diam. Tilt Δ h m º ' " " º AU Jan. 4 21 58.1 -13 24 -2.1 34.8 32.5 +0.5 5.670 14 22 06.2 -12 39 -2.1 34.2 32.0 +0.6 5.769 24 22 14.8 -11 52 -2.0 33.7 31.5 +0.7 5.851 Feb. 3 22 23.6 -11 02 -2.0 33.3 31.2 +0.8 5.913 13 22 32.6 -10 10 -2.0 33.1 31.0 +0.9 5.956

23 22 41.6 -9 16 -2.0 33.0 30.8 +1.0 5.977 Mar. 5 22 50.7 -8 22 -2.0 33.0 30.8 +1.1 5.979 15 22 59.7 -7 28 -2.0 33.1 30.9 +1.2 5.959 25 23 08.5 -6 34 -2.0 33.3 31.1 +1.3 5.920 Apr. 4 23 17.2 -5 40 -2.0 33.6 31.5 +1.4 5.861

14 23 25.5 -4 48 -2.1 34.1 31.9 +1.5 5.784 24 23 33.5 -3 59 -2.1 34.7 32.4 +1.6 5.689 May 4 23 41.0 -3 12 -2.2 35.3 33.0 +1.7 5.579 14 23 48.1 -2 29 -2.2 36.1 33.8 +1.8 5.456 24 23 54.5 -1 49 -2.2 37.1 34.6 +1.9 5.321

Jun. 3 0 00.2 -1 15 -2.3 38.1 35.6 +2.0 5.177 13 0 05.1 -0 45 -2.4 39.2 36.7 +2.1 5.027 23 0 09.1 -0 22 -2.5 40.5 37.8 +2.2 4.873 Jul. 3 0 12.1 -0 06 -2.5 41.8 39.1 +2.2 4.719 13 0 14.0 +0 03 -2.6 43.2 40.4 +2.3 4.568

23 0 14.7 +0 04 -2.7 44.6 41.7 +2.4 4.425 Aug. 2 0 14.2 -0 02 -2.8 45.9 42.9 +2.4 4.294 12 0 12.6 -0 16 -2.8 47.2 44.1 +2.4 4.179 22 0 09.8 -0 36 -2.8 48.3 45.1 +2.4 4.084 Sep. 1 0 06.1 -1 02 -2.8 49.1 45.9 +2.4 4.013

11 0 01.7 -1 33 -2.9 49.7 46.5 +2.4 3.969 21 23 56.9 -2 05 -2.9 49.9 46.6 +2.4 3.954 Oct. 1 23 52.0 -2 36 -2.9 49.7 46.5 +2.3 3.969 11 23 47.5 -3 05 -2.9 49.1 45.9 +2.3 4.014 21 23 43.6 -3 28 -2.9 48.2 45.1 +2.2 4.087

31 23 40.7 -3 45 -2.8 47.1 44.1 +2.1 4.185 Nov. 10 23 38.9 -3 54 -2.7 45.8 42.8 +2.1 4.304 20 23 38.4 -3 54 -2.7 44.4 41.5 +2.0 4.440 30 23 39.1 -3 47 -2.6 43.0 40.2 +2.0 4.588 Dec. 10 23 41.1 -3 31 -2.5 41.6 38.9 +2.0 4.743

20 23 44.2 -3 08 -2.5 40.2 37.6 +2.0 4.901 30 23 48.4 -2 39 -2.4 39.0 36.5 +2.0 5.058 40 23 53.5 -2 03 -2.3 37.8 35.4 +2.0 5.210

BAA Handbook 2010 Jupiter 61 Longitude of Central Meridian of Jupiter SYSTEM I Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 261.0 107.7 201.8 49.9 101.7 313.2 9.2 225.6 84.3 145.4 2.2 57.5 2 58.6 265.3 359.5 207.6 259.4 111.0 167.1 23.6 242.4 303.4 160.1 215.2 3 216.2 63.0 157.1 5.3 57.2 268.8 325.0 181.6 40.4 101.4 318.0 13.0 4 13.9 220.6 314.8 163.0 215.0 66.7 122.9 339.6 198.5 259.4 115.9 170.8 5 171.5 18.3 112.5 320.7 12.7 224.5 280.8 137.6 356.5 57.4 273.8 328.5

6 329.2 175.9 270.1 118.4 170.5 22.3 78.7 295.6 154.5 215.4 71.7 126.3 7 126.8 333.5 67.8 276.1 328.3 180.2 236.7 93.6 312.6 13.4 229.6 284.1 8 284.4 131.2 225.5 73.8 126.0 338.0 34.6 251.6 110.6 171.4 27.5 81.8 9 82.1 288.8 23.1 231.5 283.8 135.9 192.5 49.6 268.7 329.4 185.3 239.6 10 239.7 86.5 180.8 29.2 81.6 293.7 350.4 207.7 66.7 127.4 343.2 37.3

11 37.3 244.1 338.5 186.9 239.3 91.6 148.4 5.7 224.8 285.4 141.1 195.1 12 195.0 41.8 136.1 344.7 37.1 249.4 306.3 163.7 22.8 83.4 298.9 352.8 13 352.6 199.4 293.8 142.4 194.9 47.3 104.3 321.7 180.8 241.4 96.8 150.6 14 150.3 357.0 91.5 300.1 352.7 205.1 262.2 119.7 338.9 39.3 254.6 308.3 15 307.9 154.7 249.2 97.8 150.5 3.0 60.1 277.7 136.9 197.3 52.5 106.0

16 105.5 312.3 46.8 255.6 308.3 160.9 218.1 75.8 295.0 355.3 210.3 263.8 17 263.2 110.0 204.5 53.3 106.1 318.7 16.0 233.8 93.0 153.2 8.2 61.5 18 60.8 267.6 2.2 211.0 263.8 116.6 174.0 31.8 251.0 311.2 166.0 219.2 19 218.4 65.3 159.9 8.7 61.6 274.5 332.0 189.8 49.1 109.2 323.8 16.9 20 16.1 222.9 317.6 166.5 219.4 72.4 129.9 347.9 207.1 267.1 121.6 174.7

21 173.7 20.6 115.2 324.2 17.2 230.2 287.9 145.9 5.2 65.1 279.5 332.4 22 331.3 178.2 272.9 122.0 175.0 28.1 85.8 303.9 163.2 223.0 77.3 130.1 23 129.0 335.9 70.6 279.7 332.8 186.0 243.8 102.0 321.2 20.9 235.1 287.8 24 286.6 133.5 228.3 77.4 130.6 343.9 41.8 260.0 119.2 178.9 32.9 85.5 25 84.2 291.2 26.0 235.2 288.5 141.8 199.7 58.0 277.3 336.8 190.7 243.2

26 241.9 88.8 183.7 32.9 86.3 299.7 357.7 216.1 75.3 134.8 348.5 40.9 27 39.5 246.5 341.4 190.7 244.1 97.6 155.7 14.1 233.3 292.7 146.3 198.6 28 197.2 44.2 139.1 348.4 41.9 255.5 313.7 172.2 31.3 90.6 304.1 356.3 29 354.8 296.8 146.2 199.7 53.4 111.7 330.2 189.4 248.5 101.9 154.0 30 152.4 94.5 303.9 357.5 211.3 269.7 128.2 347.4 46.4 259.7 311.7

31 310.1 252.2 155.4 67.6 286.3 204.3 109.4

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.58 7 256.05 10 6.10 1 0.61 6 3.66 2 73.16 8 292.63 20 12.19 2 1.22 7 4.27 3 109.74 9 329.21 30 18.29 3 1.83 8 4.88 4 146.32 10 365.79 40 24.39 4 2.44 9 5.49 5 182.90 11 402.37 50 30.48 5 3.05 10 6.10 6 219.48 12 438.95 60 36.58 System I applies to all objects situated on or between the north component of the south Equatorial Belt and the south component of the North Equatorial Belt. 62 Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Longitude of Central Meridian of Jupiter SYSTEM II Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 88.8 59.1 299.5 271.0 93.9 68.9 256.0 235.9 218.0 50.2 30.5 216.9 2 238.8 209.1 89.6 61.1 244.1 219.1 46.2 26.2 8.4 200.6 180.8 7.0 3 28.8 359.1 239.6 211.2 34.2 9.3 196.5 176.6 158.9 351.0 331.1 157.2 4 178.9 149.1 29.6 1.3 184.3 159.5 346.8 327.0 309.3 141.3 121.3 307.3 5 328.9 299.1 179.7 151.3 334.5 309.7 137.1 117.3 99.7 291.7 271.6 97.4

6 118.9 89.1 329.7 301.4 124.6 99.9 287.4 267.7 250.1 82.1 61.8 247.6 7 268.9 239.1 119.7 91.5 274.7 250.1 77.7 58.1 40.5 232.5 212.1 37.7 8 58.9 29.1 269.8 241.6 64.9 40.3 228.0 208.5 190.9 22.8 2.3 187.8 9 208.9 179.1 59.8 31.7 215.0 190.6 18.3 358.8 341.3 173.2 152.6 338.0 10 358.9 329.1 209.8 181.7 5.2 340.8 168.6 149.2 131.8 323.5 302.8 128.1

11 148.9 119.2 359.9 331.8 155.3 131.0 318.9 299.6 282.2 113.9 93.1 278.2 12 298.9 269.2 149.9 121.9 305.5 281.2 109.2 90.0 72.6 264.3 243.3 68.3 13 88.9 59.2 300.0 272.0 95.6 71.4 259.5 240.4 223.0 54.6 33.5 218.4 14 238.9 209.2 90.0 62.1 245.8 221.7 49.8 30.8 13.4 204.9 183.7 8.5 15 28.9 359.2 240.1 212.2 35.9 11.9 200.1 181.2 163.8 355.3 333.9 158.6

16 178.9 149.2 30.1 2.3 186.1 162.1 350.4 331.6 314.2 145.6 124.2 308.7 17 329.0 299.3 180.1 152.4 336.2 312.4 140.8 121.9 104.6 296.0 274.4 98.8 18 119.0 89.3 330.2 302.5 126.4 102.6 291.1 272.3 255.0 86.3 64.6 248.9 19 269.0 239.3 120.2 92.6 276.6 252.9 81.4 62.7 45.4 236.6 214.8 39.0 20 59.0 29.3 270.3 242.7 66.7 43.1 231.7 213.1 195.9 26.9 5.0 189.1

21 209.0 179.3 60.4 32.8 216.9 193.3 22.1 3.5 346.3 177.3 155.2 339.2 22 359.0 329.4 210.4 182.9 7.1 343.6 172.4 153.9 136.7 327.6 305.3 129.3 23 149.0 119.4 0.5 333.0 157.2 133.8 322.7 304.3 287.1 117.9 95.5 279.4 24 299.0 269.4 150.5 123.1 307.4 284.1 113.1 94.8 77.5 268.2 245.7 69.4 25 89.0 59.4 300.6 273.2 97.6 74.4 263.4 245.2 227.9 58.5 35.9 219.5

26 239.0 209.5 90.6 63.3 247.8 224.6 53.8 35.6 18.3 208.8 186.1 9.6 27 29.0 359.5 240.7 213.5 38.0 14.9 204.1 186.0 168.6 359.1 336.2 159.7 28 179.0 149.5 30.8 3.6 188.1 165.2 354.5 336.4 319.0 149.4 126.4 309.7 29 329.0 180.8 153.7 338.3 315.4 144.8 126.8 109.4 299.7 276.5 99.8 30 119.0 330.9 303.8 128.5 105.7 295.2 277.2 259.8 90.0 66.7 249.9

31 269.0 121.0 278.7 85.5 67.6 240.3 39.9

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.26 7 253.83 10 6.04 1 0.60 6 3.63 2 72.52 8 290.09 20 12.09 2 1.21 7 4.23 3 108.78 9 326.35 30 18.13 3 1.81 8 4.83 4 145.05 10 362.61 40 24.17 4 2.42 9 5.44 5 181.31 11 398.87 50 30.22 5 3.02 10 6.04 6 217.57 12 435.14 60 36.26 System II applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. BAA Handbook 2010 Jupiter 63 Longitude of Central Meridian of Jupiter SYSTEM III Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 224.4 202.9 90.8 70.6 261.5 244.7 79.8 68.0 58.4 258.5 247.1 81.5 2 14.7 353.1 241.1 220.9 51.9 35.2 230.3 218.6 209.1 49.2 37.7 231.9 3 164.9 143.4 31.4 11.3 202.3 185.6 20.9 9.2 359.7 199.8 188.2 22.3 4 315.2 293.7 181.7 161.6 352.7 336.1 171.4 159.9 150.4 350.5 338.7 172.7 5 105.5 84.0 332.0 311.9 143.1 126.6 322.0 310.5 301.1 141.1 129.3 323.1

6 255.8 234.3 122.3 102.3 293.5 277.1 112.5 101.1 91.8 291.8 279.8 113.5 7 46.0 24.5 272.6 252.6 83.9 67.5 263.1 251.8 242.5 82.4 70.3 263.9 8 196.3 174.8 62.9 43.0 234.3 218.0 53.7 42.4 33.1 233.0 220.8 54.3 9 346.6 325.1 213.2 193.3 24.7 8.5 204.2 193.1 183.8 23.7 11.3 204.7 10 136.9 115.4 3.5 343.7 175.1 159.0 354.8 343.7 334.5 174.3 161.8 355.1

11 287.1 265.6 153.8 134.0 325.5 309.5 145.4 134.4 125.2 324.9 312.3 145.5 12 77.4 55.9 304.1 284.4 115.9 100.0 295.9 285.0 275.9 115.5 102.8 295.8 13 227.7 206.2 94.4 74.8 266.4 250.5 86.5 75.7 66.5 266.1 253.3 86.2 14 18.0 356.5 244.8 225.1 56.8 41.0 237.1 226.3 217.2 56.8 43.8 236.6 15 168.2 146.8 35.1 15.5 207.2 191.4 27.7 17.0 7.9 207.4 194.3 27.0

16 318.5 297.1 185.4 165.8 357.6 341.9 178.2 167.6 158.6 358.0 344.8 177.3 17 108.8 87.3 335.7 316.2 148.0 132.5 328.8 318.3 309.2 148.6 135.2 327.7 18 259.0 237.6 126.0 106.6 298.5 283.0 119.4 109.0 99.9 299.2 285.7 118.1 19 49.3 27.9 276.3 256.9 88.9 73.5 270.0 259.6 250.6 89.8 76.2 268.4 20 199.6 178.2 66.6 47.3 239.3 224.0 60.6 50.3 41.3 240.4 226.6 58.8

21 349.9 328.5 217.0 197.7 29.8 14.5 211.2 201.0 191.9 31.0 17.1 209.1 22 140.1 118.8 7.3 348.0 180.2 165.0 1.8 351.6 342.6 181.5 167.6 359.5 23 290.4 269.1 157.6 138.4 330.6 315.5 152.4 142.3 133.3 332.1 318.0 149.8 24 80.7 59.4 307.9 288.8 121.1 106.1 303.0 293.0 283.9 122.7 108.5 300.2 25 231.0 209.6 98.3 79.2 271.5 256.6 93.6 83.6 74.6 273.3 258.9 90.5

26 21.2 359.9 248.6 229.6 62.0 47.1 244.2 234.3 225.3 63.8 49.3 240.9 27 171.5 150.2 38.9 19.9 212.4 197.6 34.9 25.0 15.9 214.4 199.8 31.2 28 321.8 300.5 189.2 170.3 2.9 348.2 185.5 175.7 166.6 4.9 350.2 181.5 29 112.0 339.6 320.7 153.3 138.7 336.1 326.3 317.2 155.5 140.6 331.9 30 262.3 129.9 111.1 303.8 289.2 126.7 117.0 107.9 306.1 291.1 122.2

31 52.6 280.2 94.3 277.3 267.7 96.6 272.5

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.27 7 253.91 10 6.05 1 0.60 6 3.63 2 72.54 8 290.18 20 12.09 2 1.21 7 4.23 3 108.82 9 326.45 30 18.14 3 1.81 8 4.84 4 145.09 10 362.72 40 24.18 4 2.42 9 5.44 5 181.36 11 399.00 50 30.23 5 3.02 10 6.05 6 217.63 12 435.27 60 36.27 System III applies to the origin of radio emissions from the planet. 64 Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter

The satellites move from east to west across the face of the planet, and from west to east behind it. After conjunction with the Sun and before opposition, the shadow of Jupiter falls to the west, eclipse precedes occultation, and shadow-transit precedes transit. After opposition, the order of phenomena is reversed, occultation preceding eclipse and transit preceding shadow-transit.

Both phases of eclipse (EcD and EcR) and of occultation (OcD and OcR) of satellites III and IV may be seen if not too near opposition. Satellite I is much closer to the planet, and eclipse and occultation merge into one, OcD being followed by EcR after opposition and before conjunction, while EcD is followed by OcR after conjunction and before opposition. Satellite II normally behaves in the same manner but on rare occasions the separate phenomena of II may be observed. This happens when the planet is near quadrature and is tilted at almost the maximum amount.

On a few occasions all three of the inner satellites may be involved simultaneously in these phenomena. The motions of these three satellites are related in such a way that it is impossible for all three to undergo the same phenomenon at the same time.

The Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides supplies event timings in Terrestrial Time (TT). These have been converted to Universal Time (UT), closely, by subtracting one minute (see Tables on pages 69-78), since ΔT is about one minute now. The times of phenomena are given for the centre of the satellite. The light of the satellite will therefore begin to fade before the times given here, and observation should commence several minutes before the predicted times.

Mutual occultations and eclipses of Jupiter’s satellites visible from Earth in 2010 are given on pages 79-80.

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter 65 Jun iv - i

iter 2010 up

satellites

of May

onfiguration atellites of J of atellites C S

April

66 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 September I - IV iter 2010 up

satellites

August onfiguration atellites of J of atellites C S

July

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter 67 December - IV i

iter 2010

up satellites

November onfiguration atellites of J of atellites C S

October

68 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits The times are for mid-phenomena, i.e. for eclipses, the planet’s shadow bisecting the satellite; for other events, the planet’s limb bisecting the satellite or the satellite shadow. Abbreviations: Ec Eclipse; Oc Occultation; Tr Satellite Transit; Sh Satellite Shadow Transit; D Disappearance; R Reappearance; I Ingress; E Egress.

Date Sat OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE Jan Jan 0 II 05 07 09 56 0 I 14 47 17 04 15 44 18 01 1 I 11 55 15 10 1/ 2 II 23 20 02 14 01 14 04 07 3 I 06 25 09 39 2 I 09 17 11 34 10 13 12 30 3 II 18 31 23 14 2/ 3 III 23 27 03 05 03 15 06 48 5 I 00 55 04 07 4 I 03 48 06 05 04 42 06 59 6 III 13 31 20 40 5 II 12 45 15 38 14 32 17 25 6 I 19 26 22 36 5/ 6 I 22 18 00 35 23 11 01 27 7 II 07 56 12 32 6/ 7 IV 11 13 15 53 19 51 00 06 8 I 13 56 17 05 7 I 16 48 19 05 17 40 19 56 10 I 08 27 11 34 9 II 02 09 05 03 03 52 06 45 10/11 II 21 20 01 51 9 I 11 19 13 36 12 08 14 25 12 I 02 57 06 03 10 III 03 53 07 31 07 17 10 49 13/14 III 17 57 00 41 11 I 05 49 08 06 06 37 08 54 13/14 I 21 28 00 32 12 II 15 34 18 28 17 10 20 03 14 II 10 45 15 09 13 I 00 19 02 36 01 06 03 23 14/15 IV 22 31 03 08 05 46 09 59 14 I 18 50 21 07 19 35 21 51 15 I 15 58 19 01 16 II 05 00 07 54 06 29 09 22 17 I 10 28 13 29 16 I 13 20 15 37 14 04 16 20 18 II 00 10 04 27 17 III 08 22 11 59 11 19 14 51 19 I 04 59 07 58 18 I 07 50 10 08 08 32 10 49 20/21 III 22 26 04 42 19 II 18 25 21 19 19 48 22 41 20/21 I 23 30 02 27 20 I 02 21 04 38 03 01 05 18 21 II 13 34 17 45 21 I 20 51 23 08 21 30 23 46 22 I 18 00 20 56 23 II 07 51 10 45 09 07 12 00 24 I 12 31 15 25 23 IV 07 58 12 34 14 09 18 19 25 II 02 59 07 03 23 I 15 22 17 39 15 59 18 15 26 I 07 01 09 54 24 III 12 51 16 28 15 20 18 52 28 I 01 32 04 23 25 I 09 52 12 09 10 27 12 44 28 III 02 57 08 44 26/27 II 21 16 00 11 22 26 01 19 28 II 16 24 20 20 27 I 04 23 06 40 04 56 07 13 29 I 20 02 22 51 28/29 I 22 53 01 10 23 25 01 41 31 I 14 33 17 20 30 II 10 43 13 37 11 45 14 38

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter 69 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits Date Sat OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 31/1 IV 19 19 23 50 00 02 04 08 30 I 17 24 19 41 17 54 20 10 31 III 17 21 20 58 19 21 22 53

Feb Feb 1 II 05 49 09 38 1 I 11 54 14 11 12 22 14 39 2 I 09 04 11 49

Jupiter in conjunction with the Sun: 2010 February 28d 11h

Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE Mar Mar 27 I 11 54 14 41 28 II 08 49 11 42 09 49 12 42 29 I 06 23 09 11 28 I 09 10 11 26 09 39 11 55 30 II 03 28 07 20 30 III 03 31 06 58 05 37 09 05 31 I 00 52 03 41 30 I 03 38 05 54 04 09 06 25 31/ 1 IV 15 23 19 03 20 37 00 21 31/ 1 I 22 07 00 23 22 39 00 55 31/ 1 II 22 07 01 00 23 15 02 08

Apr Apr 1 I 19 20 22 12 2 I 16 35 18 51 17 09 19 25 2 II 16 46 20 44 4 I 11 04 13 20 11 40 13 55 2 III 17 25 23 13 4 II 11 27 14 20 12 41 15 34 3 I 13 49 16 42 6 I 05 32 07 48 06 10 08 26 5 I 08 18 11 13 6 III 07 32 10 58 10 07 13 33 6 II 06 03 10 08 8 I 00 01 02 17 00 40 02 56 7 I 02 46 05 43 8 II 00 45 03 38 02 07 04 59 8/9 I 21 15 00 13 9 I 18 29 20 45 19 10 21 26 9 IV 01 03 04 40 07 29 11 03 11 I 12 58 15 14 13 41 15 56 9 II 19 20 23 32 11 II 14 05 16 57 15 33 18 25 9/10 III 21 26 03 41 13 I 07 26 09 42 08 11 10 26 10 I 15 44 18 44 13 III 11 34 14 58 14 37 18 00 12 I 10 13 13 14 15 I 01 55 04 10 02 41 04 56 13 II 08 37 12 56 15 II 03 23 06 15 04 58 07 50 14 I 04 41 07 44 16 I 20 24 22 39 21 11 23 26 15/16 I 23 10 02 15 17 IV 09 41 13 12 17 36 20 56 16/17 II 21 55 02 20 18 I 14 52 17 07 15 41 17 56 17 III 01 27 08 07 18 II 16 43 19 35 18 24 21 16

70 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 17 I 17 38 20 45 20 I 09 21 11 36 10 11 12 26 19 I 12 07 15 15 20 III 15 35 18 59 19 05 22 26 20 II 11 12 15 43 22 I 03 49 06 04 04 41 06 56 21 I 06 36 09 45 22 II 06 01 08 53 07 49 10 40 23 I 01 04 04 15 23/24 I 22 18 00 33 23 11 01 26 24 II 00 29 05 06 25 I 16 46 19 01 17 41 19 56 24 III 05 27 08 52 09 10 12 32 25/26 II 19 20 22 12 21 14 00 05 24 I 19 33 22 45 27 I 11 15 13 30 12 11 14 26 25/26 IV 19 18 22 47 04 12 07 22 27/28 III 19 36 22 59 23 31 02 50 26 I 14 02 17 15 29 I 05 43 07 58 06 41 08 55 27 II 13 47 18 29 29 II 08 39 11 30 10 39 13 29 28 I 08 30 11 45 30 I 02 59 06 15

May May 1 II 03 04 07 52 1 I 00 12 02 27 01 11 03 25 1 III 09 28 12 52 13 36 16 54 2 I 18 40 20 55 19 40 21 55 1/2 I 21 27 00 45 2/ 3 II 21 58 00 49 00 03 02 53 3 I 15 56 19 15 4 IV 04 00 07 20 14 17 17 07 4 II 16 21 21 15 4 I 13 08 15 23 14 10 16 25 5 I 10 25 13 45 4/ 5 III 23 37 02 59 03 55 07 11 7 I 04 53 08 15 6 I 07 37 09 52 08 40 10 54 8 II 05 39 10 37 6 II 11 16 14 07 13 27 16 17 8 III 13 30 16 53 17 59 21 16 8 I 02 05 04 20 03 10 05 24 8/9 I 23 22 02 45 9 I 20 34 22 49 21 39 23 54 10 I 17 50 21 15 10 II 00 36 03 26 02 51 05 40 11 II 18 56 23 59 11 I 15 02 17 17 16 09 18 23 12 I 12 19 15 44 12 III 03 37 06 58 08 16 11 30 12/13 IV 13 34 16 52 00 35 03 14 13 I 09 31 11 46 10 39 12 53 14 I 06 48 10 14 13 II 13 54 16 44 16 14 19 03 15 II 08 13 13 21 15 I 03 59 06 14 05 08 07 22 15/16 III 17 31 20 53 22 20 01 35 16/17 I 22 28 00 42 23 38 01 52 16 I 01 16 04 44 17 II 03 13 06 03 05 38 08 26 17 I 19 45 23 13 18 I 16 56 19 11 18 07 20 21 18/19 II 21 31 02 43 19 III 07 38 10 57 12 35 15 46 19 I 14 13 17 43 20 I 11 25 13 39 12 37 14 51 21 I 08 42 12 12 20 II 16 31 19 21 19 00 21 48

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter 71 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 22 II 10 48 16 04 20/21 IV 22 20 01 29 10 35 12 47 22/23 III 21 32 00 54 02 39 05 51 22 I 05 53 08 08 07 06 09 20 23 I 03 10 06 42 24 I 00 22 02 36 01 36 03 49 24/25 I 21 39 01 11 24 II 05 50 08 40 08 23 11 10 26 II 00 05 05 25 25 I 18 50 21 05 20 05 22 19 26 I 16 08 19 40 26 III 11 38 14 57 16 52 20 00 28 I 10 36 14 10 27 I 13 19 15 33 14 34 16 48 29 IV 07 49 10 57 20 30 22 30 27/28 II 19 08 21 58 21 45 00 31 29 II 13 23 18 46 29 I 07 47 10 01 09 03 11 17 30 III 01 33 04 53 06 54 10 03 31 I 02 16 04 30 03 33 05 46 30 I 05 05 08 39 31 II 08 27 11 17 11 06 13 53 31/1 I 23 33 03 08

Jun Jun 2 II 02 40 08 06 1/ 2 I 20 44 22 58 22 02 00 15 2 I 18 02 21 37 2/ 3 III 15 40 18 58 21 07 00 12 4 I 12 30 16 07 3 I 15 12 17 27 16 31 18 44 5 II 15 58 21 26 3/ 4 II 21 45 00 35 00 27 03 13 6 III 05 33 08 53 11 06 14 12 5 I 09 41 11 55 11 00 13 13 6 I 06 59 10 36 6/ 7 IV 16 39 19 36 06 26 07 42 8 I 01 27 05 05 7 I 04 09 06 24 05 29 07 42 9 II 05 15 10 45 7 II 11 04 13 53 13 48 16 34 9 I 19 56 23 34 8/ 9 I 22 38 00 52 23 58 02 11 11 I 14 25 18 02 9/10 III 19 41 22 58 01 17 04 20 12/13 II 18 33 00 04 10 I 17 06 19 20 18 27 20 40 13 I 08 53 12 31 11 II 00 22 03 11 03 08 05 53 13 III 09 34 12 52 15 15 18 19 12 I 11 35 13 49 12 56 15 09 15 IV 02 05 05 02 15 59 16 56 14 I 06 03 08 17 07 25 09 38 15 I 03 22 07 00 14 II 13 41 16 29 16 28 19 13 16 II 07 50 13 23 16 I 00 32 02 46 01 53 04 06 16/17 I 21 50 01 29 16/17 III 23 42 02 58 05 25 08 25 18 I 16 19 19 57 17 I 19 00 21 14 20 22 22 35 19/20 II 21 08 02 42 18 II 02 59 05 47 05 47 08 31 20 I 10 47 14 26 19 I 13 28 15 43 14 51 17 04 20 III 13 34 16 52 19 20 22 21 21 I 07 57 10 11 09 19 11 32 22 I 05 16 08 55 21 II 16 17 19 05 19 06 21 50 23 II 10 25 15 59 23 I 02 25 04 39 03 48 06 01

72 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits

Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 23/24 I 23 44 03 23 23 IV 10 58 13 42 25 I 18 13 21 51 24 III 03 42 06 57 09 27 12 25 26/27 II 23 43 05 17 24/25 I 20 54 23 08 22 16 00 29 27 I 12 41 16 20 25 II 05 35 08 23 08 24 11 08 27/28 III 17 36 20 53 23 21 02 21 26 I 15 22 17 36 16 45 18 57 29 I 07 10 10 48 28 I 09 51 12 05 11 13 13 26 30 II 13 01 18 34 28/29 II 18 54 21 41 21 42 00 25 30 I 04 19 06 33 05 41 07 54

Jul Jul 1 I 01 38 05 16 1 III 07 42 10 56 13 26 16 21 1 IV 20 22 23 07 1/ 2 I 22 48 01 02 00 10 02 22 2 I 20 07 23 44 2 II 08 12 10 59 10 59 13 41 4 II 02 18 07 51 3 I 17 16 19 30 18 38 20 50 4 I 14 35 18 12 5 I 11 45 13 59 13 06 15 18 4/5 III 21 36 00 52 03 18 06 15 5/ 6 II 21 30 00 17 00 15 02 58 6 I 09 04 12 41 7 I 06 13 08 27 07 34 09 46 7 II 15 36 21 06 8 III 11 43 14 56 17 21 20 14 8 I 03 32 07 08 9 I 00 41 02 55 02 02 04 14 9/10 I 22 01 01 36 9 II 10 48 13 35 13 31 16 13 11 II 04 54 10 22 10 IV 05 19 07 49 11 I 16 29 20 04 10 I 19 10 21 24 20 30 22 42 12 III 01 37 04 53 07 11 10 05 12 I 13 38 15 52 14 58 17 10 13 I 10 58 14 32 13 II 00 06 02 53 02 46 05 28 14 II 18 12 23 37 14 I 08 07 10 21 09 25 11 38 15 I 05 26 09 00 15/16 III 15 43 18 56 21 11 00 02 16/17 I 23 55 03 27 16 I 02 35 04 49 03 53 06 06 18 II 07 30 12 51 16 II 13 23 16 11 16 01 18 43 18 IV 14 39 17 10 17/18 I 21 04 23 18 22 21 00 33 18 I 18 23 21 55 19 I 15 32 17 46 16 48 19 01 19 III 05 38 08 52 10 58 13 51 20 II 02 42 05 28 05 15 07 57 20 I 12 52 16 22 21 I 10 01 12 15 11 16 13 28 21/22 II 20 48 02 05 22/23 III 19 45 22 57 00 57 03 46 22 I 07 20 10 49 23 I 04 29 06 43 05 43 07 56 24 I 01 49 05 17 23 II 15 59 18 46 18 29 21 10 25 II 10 06 15 19 24/25 I 22 58 01 12 00 11 02 23 25 I 20 17 23 44 26 I 17 26 19 40 18 38 20 50 BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter 73 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits

Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 26 III 09 38 12 51 14 41 17 31 26/27 IV 23 40 01 54 27 I 14 46 18 11 27 II 05 17 08 04 07 42 10 23 28/29 II 23 24 04 31 28 I 11 55 14 09 13 05 15 18 29 I 09 14 12 38 29/30 III 23 46 02 57 04 37 07 25 31 I 03 43 07 05 30 I 06 23 08 37 07 32 09 45 30 II 18 35 21 21 20 54 23 35

Aug Aug 1 II 12 42 17 44 1 I 00 52 03 06 01 59 04 12 1/2 I 22 11 01 32 2 I 19 20 21 34 20 26 22 39 2 III 13 39 16 51 18 18 21 07 3 II 07 53 10 39 10 05 12 46 3 I 16 40 19 59 4 I 13 49 16 03 14 53 17 06 4 IV 08 58 11 14 6 III 03 47 06 57 08 13 11 00 5 II 02 00 06 55 6 I 08 17 10 32 09 20 11 33 5 I 11 08 14 26 6/ 7 II 21 10 23 57 23 16 01 57 7 I 05 37 08 53 8 I 02 46 05 00 03 47 06 00 8 II 15 18 20 07 9/10 I 21 14 23 29 22 14 00 27 9 I 00 05 03 20 10 II 10 28 13 14 12 27 15 08 9/10 III 17 40 20 51 21 51 00 39 11 I 15 43 17 57 16 41 18 53 10 I 18 34 21 46 12 IV 18 03 19 59 12 II 04 37 09 17 13 III 07 47 10 57 11 44 14 29 12 I 13 02 16 13 13 I 10 11 12 26 11 07 13 20 14 I 07 31 10 39 13/14 II 23 46 02 32 01 37 04 17 15 II 17 55 22 28 15 I 04 40 06 54 05 34 07 47 16 I 01 59 05 06 16/17 I 23 08 01 23 00 00 02 13 16/17 III 21 41 00 52 01 21 04 08 17 II 13 03 15 50 14 46 17 27 17 I 20 28 23 32 18 I 17 37 19 52 18 27 20 40 19 II 07 13 11 37 20 III 11 48 14 57 15 10 17 55 19 I 14 56 17 58 20 I 12 05 14 20 12 53 15 06 21 IV 03 18 05 16 21 II 02 21 05 07 03 55 06 36 21 I 09 25 12 25 22 I 06 34 08 49 07 19 09 32 22/23 II 20 32 00 47 24 I 01 03 03 17 01 46 03 59 23 I 03 54 06 51 24 II 15 39 18 25 17 04 19 44 24 III 01 43 07 32 25 I 19 31 21 46 20 12 22 25 24/25 I 22 22 01 17 27 I 14 00 16 15 14 38 16 51 26 II 09 50 13 56 27 III 15 49 18 57 18 32 21 17 26 I 16 51 19 43 28 II 04 56 07 42 06 12 08 52

74 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 28 I 11 19 14 09 29 I 08 28 10 43 09 04 11 18 29/30 II 23 09 03 05 29 IV 12 28 14 03 30 I 05 48 08 35 31 I 02 57 05 12 03 31 05 44 31 III 05 44 10 53 31 II 18 14 21 00 19 19 22 00

Sep Sep 1 I 00 16 03 02 1/ 2 I 21 26 23 41 21 57 00 10 2 II 12 28 16 13 3 I 15 54 18 09 16 23 18 36 2 I 18 45 21 27 3/ 4 III 19 50 22 57 21 51 00 37 4 I 13 14 15 53 4 II 07 32 10 17 08 26 11 07 6 II 01 47 05 21 5 I 10 23 12 38 10 49 13 02 6 I 07 42 10 19 7 I 04 52 07 07 05 15 07 28 6 IV 21 40 23 18 7/ 8 II 20 49 23 35 21 33 00 14 7 III 09 45 14 11 8/ 9 I 23 20 01 35 23 41 01 54 8 I 02 11 04 45 10 I 17 49 20 04 18 07 20 20 9 II 15 05 18 28 10/11 III 23 53 02 59 01 08 03 55 9 I 20 39 23 11 11 II 10 07 12 52 10 40 13 21 11 I 15 08 17 37 12 I 12 18 14 33 12 33 14 46 13 II 04 24 07 36 14 I 06 47 09 02 06 59 09 12 13 I 09 37 12 03 14/15 II 23 25 02 10 23 47 02 28 14 III 13 46 17 27 15 IV 06 58 08 03 15 I 04 05 06 29 16 I 01 15 03 30 01 24 03 38 16 II 17 43 20 44 17 I 19 44 21 59 19 50 22 04 16/17 I 22 34 00 55 18 III 03 55 07 00 04 23 07 12 18 I 17 03 19 20 18 II 12 42 15 28 12 53 15 34 20 II 07 02 09 52 19 I 14 13 16 28 14 16 16 30 20 I 11 31 13 46 21 I 08 42 10 57 08 42 10 56 Jupiter in Opposition to the Sun: 2010 September 21d 12h

Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE Sep Sep 21 III 17 48 20 52 22 II 01 59 04 41 02 00 04 45 22 I 05 59 08 14 23 I 03 08 05 22 03 10 05 25 23 IV 16 07 17 17 24 I 21 34 23 48 21 39 23 54 23 II 20 15 23 09 25 III 07 38 10 28 07 57 11 01 24 I 00 25 02 43 25 II 15 06 17 48 15 18 18 03 25 I 18 51 21 11 26 I 16 00 18 14 16 08 18 23

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter 75 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 27 II 09 22 12 28 28 I 10 26 12 40 10 37 12 52 27 I 13 17 15 40 29 II 04 12 06 54 04 36 07 20 28/29 III 21 07 00 53 30 I 04 52 07 06 05 06 07 21 29 I 07 43 10 09 30/1 II 22 30 01 46

Oct Oct 1 I 02 08 04 37 1/ 2 I 23 18 01 32 23 34 01 49 2 I 20 34 23 06 2 III 10 53 13 45 11 59 15 02 4 II 11 38 15 06 2 II 17 19 20 01 17 53 20 38 4 I 15 00 17 35 3 I 17 44 19 58 18 03 20 18 6 III 00 23 04 54 5 I 12 10 14 24 12 32 14 47 6 I 09 26 12 03 6 II 06 26 09 08 07 11 09 55 8 II 00 45 04 25 7 I 06 36 08 50 07 01 09 16 8 I 03 52 06 32 9 I 01 03 03 17 01 30 03 45 9/10 I 22 19 01 01 9 III 14 10 17 04 16 01 19 02 10 IV 10 45 11 07 9 II 19 33 22 16 20 29 23 13 11 II 13 54 17 44 10 I 19 29 21 43 19 59 22 13 11 I 16 45 19 29 12 I 13 55 16 09 14 28 16 42 13 III 03 41 08 55 13 II 08 41 11 24 09 47 12 31 13 I 11 11 13 58 14 I 08 22 10 36 08 57 11 11 15 II 03 03 07 03 16 I 02 48 05 02 03 26 05 40 15 I 05 37 08 27 16 III 17 29 20 25 20 03 23 03 17 I 00 03 02 56 16/17 II 21 49 00 32 23 05 01 48 18 II 16 12 20 23 17/18 I 21 14 23 29 21 54 00 09 18 I 18 30 21 24 19 I 15 41 17 55 16 23 18 38 20 III 07 03 12 57 20 II 10 57 13 40 12 23 15 06 20 I 12 56 15 53 21 I 10 08 12 22 10 52 13 07 22 II 05 22 09 42 23 I 04 34 06 48 05 21 07 35 22 I 07 23 10 22 23/24 III 20 52 23 50 00 06 03 04 24 I 01 49 04 50 24 II 00 06 02 49 01 40 04 23 25 II 18 32 23 01 24/25 I 23 01 01 15 23 50 02 04 25 I 20 16 23 19 26 I 17 28 19 42 18 19 20 33 27 III 10 27 13 27 13 58 16 57 27 II 13 16 15 59 14 58 17 41 27 I 14 42 17 48 28 I 11 55 14 09 12 48 15 02 29 II 07 43 12 20 30 I 06 22 08 36 07 17 09 31 29 I 09 09 12 17 31 III 00 21 03 20 04 09 07 07

76 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits

Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 31 I 03 36 06 46 31 II 02 26 05 09 04 16 06 59

Nov Nov 1/2 II 20 54 01 40 1 I 00 49 03 03 01 46 04 00 1/2 I 22 03 01 14 2 I 19 16 21 30 20 15 22 29 3 III 13 56 16 58 18 00 20 58 3 II 15 36 18 20 17 34 20 17 3 I 16 30 19 43 4 I 13 43 15 57 14 44 16 58 5 II 10 06 14 59 6 I 08 10 10 24 09 13 11 27 5 I 10 57 14 12 7 III 03 53 06 54 08 12 11 08 7 I 05 24 08 41 7 II 04 47 07 31 06 52 09 34 8/9 II 23 19 04 19 8 I 02 38 04 52 03 42 05 55 8/9 I 23 51 03 09 9/10 I 21 05 23 19 22 11 00 24 10/11 III 17 30 20 34 22 02 00 59 10 II 17 59 20 43 20 10 22 52 10 I 18 18 21 38 11 I 15 33 17 47 16 40 18 53 12 IV 12 27 13 15 13 I 10 00 12 14 11 09 13 22 12 II 12 32 17 38 14 II 07 12 09 55 09 28 12 10 12 I 12 46 16 07 14 III 07 31 10 33 12 15 15 10 14 I 07 13 10 36 15 I 04 28 06 42 05 38 07 51 16 I 01 41 05 05 16/17 I 22 56 01 10 00 07 02 20 16 II 01 46 06 57 17/18 II 20 25 23 08 22 46 01 28 17 I 20 08 23 34 18 I 17 23 19 37 18 36 20 49 17/18 III 21 10 00 15 02 05 05 00 20 I 11 51 14 05 13 05 15 18 19 I 14 36 18 02 20 IV 20 28 21 13 19 II 15 00 20 16 21 II 09 38 12 22 12 04 14 45 21 I 09 04 12 31 21 III 11 13 14 17 16 18 19 11 23 I 03 32 07 00 22 I 06 19 08 33 07 34 09 47 23 II 04 16 09 36 24 I 00 47 03 01 02 03 04 16 24/25 I 22 00 01 29 24/25 II 22 52 01 36 01 22 04 03 25 III 00 55 04 01 06 08 09 03 25 I 19 16 21 30 20 32 22 45 26 I 16 28 19 58 27 I 13 44 15 58 15 01 17 14 26 II 17 32 22 55 28 II 12 07 14 51 14 40 17 21 28 I 10 56 14 26 28 III 15 00 18 05 20 21 23 12 29 IV 04 50 06 17 29 I 08 12 10 26 09 30 11 43 30 I 05 24 08 55 30 II 06 49 12 15

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter 77 Eclipses, Occultations and Transits

Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE Dec Dec 1/2 I 23 52 03 24 1 I 02 41 04 54 03 59 06 12 2 III 04 45 07 52 10 11 13 04 2 II 01 23 04 07 03 59 06 39 3 I 18 20 21 53 2/ 3 I 21 09 23 23 22 28 00 41 3/4 II 20 05 01 34 4 I 15 38 17 51 16 57 19 10 5 I 12 49 16 22 5 II 14 39 17 23 17 17 19 57 7 I 07 17 10 51 5/ 6 III 18 53 21 58 00 24 03 14 7 II 09 23 14 54 6 I 10 06 12 20 11 26 13 39 9 I 01 46 05 20 7 IV 13 26 14 46 9 III 08 40 11 48 14 14 17 06 8 I 04 35 06 49 05 55 08 08 10 I 20 14 23 48 9 II 03 55 06 39 06 35 09 15 10/11 II 22 41 04 13 9/10 I 23 03 01 17 00 24 02 37 12 I 14 43 18 17 11 I 17 32 19 46 18 53 21 06 14 I 09 12 12 46 12 II 17 13 19 57 19 53 22 33 14 II 12 01 17 32 12/13 III 22 51 01 57 04 27 07 16 15/16 IV 22 26 00 09 13 I 12 01 14 15 13 22 15 35 16 I 03 41 07 15 15 I 06 30 08 44 07 51 10 04 16 III 12 40 15 48 18 16 21 07 16 II 06 30 09 14 09 11 11 51 17/18 I 22 09 01 44 17 I 00 59 03 13 02 20 04 33 18 II 01 20 06 51 18 I 19 28 21 42 20 49 23 02 19 I 16 38 20 13 19/20 II 19 49 22 33 22 29 01 09 21 I 11 07 14 42 20 III 02 54 06 00 08 31 11 19 21 II 14 40 20 11 20 I 13 57 16 11 15 18 17 31 23 I 05 37 09 11 22 I 08 27 10 40 09 47 12 00 23/24 III 16 43 19 52 22 18 01 08 23 II 09 07 11 52 11 48 14 28 25 I 00 06 03 39 24 I 02 56 05 10 04 16 06 29 25 II 04 00 09 30 24 IV 07 37 09 07 26 I 18 35 22 08 25/26 I 21 25 23 39 22 45 00 58 28 I 13 04 16 37 26/27 II 22 27 01 11 01 06 03 46 28 II 17 21 22 49 27 III 07 01 10 07 12 34 15 21 30 I 07 33 11 06 27 I 15 54 18 08 17 14 19 27 30/31 III 20 52 00 00 02 21 05 09 29 I 10 24 12 38 11 43 13 56 32 I 02 03 05 35 30 II 11 47 14 31 14 24 17 04 32 II 06 42 12 08 31 I 04 53 07 07 06 12 08 25 32 IV 17 06 18 50

78 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Mutual Events OCCULTATIONS

The list below gives all mutual occultations of the satellites of Jupiter visible from Earth in 2010. All times are expressed in Universal Time. The second column indicates which satellite occults the other. For example, 1o2 means that satellite I occults satellite II, etc. Column "Beginning" is the instant of first exterior contact, or the beginning of the occultation. Column "End" is the instant of last contact. These times are given in hours, minutes, and seconds. Column "Magn." gives the magnitude of the occultation in %, that is, the fraction of the diameter of the second satellite that is occulted by the first satellite at maximum phase.All events are partial. IMPORTANT : Not all these events are visible from a given place!

Date Satel. Beginning End Magn. Notes h m s h m s % Jan. 1 2o1 18 24 51 18 27 40 19 4 1o2 0 52 12 0 53 26 5 5 2o1 7 37 42 7 40 00 12 8 2o1 20 51 09 20 52 37 4

Mar. 17 2o1 22 39 55 23 25 21 64 Note 1 21 2o1 9 52 16 10 23 39 80 Note 2 24 2o1 21 21 39 21 51 08 84 Note 3 28 2o1 8 43 39 9 16 38 81 31 2o1 16 48 16 17 23 28 22 31 2o1 19 26 26 20 25 20 66

Note 1. The elongation from the Sun is only 13 degrees (morning sky). Note 2. Satellite I : end of transit over Jupiter’s disk at 09:53. Note 3. Both satellites are in transit over Jupiter.

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Jupiter 79 Mutual Events (continued) ECLIPSES

The list below gives all mutual eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter visible from Earth in 2010. All times are expressed in Universal Time. Penumbral eclipses and the penumbral phases of umbral elipses are not taken into consideration. The second column indicates which satellite eclipses the other. 2e1 means that the shadow of satellite II falls on satellite I, etc. Column "Beginning" is the instant of first exterior contact of the umbra with a satellite, or the beginning of the eclipse. Column "End" is the instant of last contact of the umbra with the satellite. These times are given in hours, minutes, and seconds. Column "Magn." gives the magnitude of the eclipse in %, that is, the fraction of the diameter of the second satellite that is eclipsed in the umbra of the firstsatellite at maximum phase. All phenomena listed here are partial events. Column "Flux drop" gives the drop of the flux (brilliance) of the eclipsed satellite at maximum phase, in %. In the calculation, the contribution of the penumbra has been taken into account. Column "Magn. decrease" gives the decrease of the (stellar) magnitude of the eclipsed satellite, at maximum phase. In the calculation, the contribution of the penumbra has been taken into account. Don't confuse this magnitude (which is similar to magnitudes of stars) with the magnitude of the eclipse given in the column "Magn." IMPORTANT : Not all these events are visible from a given place!

Date Satel. Beginning End Magn. Flux Magn. Notes drop decrease h m s h m s % % Mar. 21 2e1 11 08 14 11 45 16 50 45 0.64 24 2e1 22 36 10 23 05 08 65 60 1.01 Note 1 28 2e1 10 12 08 10 39 16 72 67 1.21 Note 2 31 2e1 21 50 41 22 19 10 72 68 1.23 Apr. 4 2e1 9 12 55 9 48 31 66 61 1.03

Note 1. Satellite II is in transit over Jupiter, and satellite I is in transit until 22:54.

Note 2. Satellites I and II are in transit over Jupiter.

80 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2010 Saturn Opposition: March 22 Conjunction: October 1 Rings Equat. Polar Major Minor R.A. Dec. Mag. Diam. Diam. Axis Axis Tilt Δ h m ° ' " " " " ° Jan. 4 12 20.4 +0 18 +0.9 17.9 16.2 40.7 3.5 +4.9 9.273 14 12 20.8 +0 19 +0.8 18.2 16.5 41.4 3.5 +4.9 9.112 24 12 20.5 +0 23 +0.8 18.5 16.7 42.1 3.5 +4.8 8.961 Feb. 3 12 19.6 +0 32 +0.7 18.8 17.0 42.7 3.5 +4.6 8.825 13 12 18.1 +0 45 +0.7 19.1 17.2 43.3 3.3 +4.4 8.708

23 12 16.0 +1 00 +0.6 19.3 17.4 43.8 3.1 +4.1 8.614 Mar. 5 12 13.6 +1 18 +0.6 19.4 17.5 44.1 2.9 +3.8 8.548 15 12 10.8 +1 37 +0.5 19.5 17.6 44.3 2.6 +3.4 8.511 25 12 07.9 +1 56 +0.5 19.5 17.6 44.3 2.3 +3.0 8.505 Apr. 4 12 05.1 +2 15 +0.6 19.5 17.6 44.2 2.1 +2.7 8.530

14 12 02.5 +2 31 +0.7 19.4 17.5 43.9 1.8 +2.3 8.585 24 12 00.1 +2 45 +0.8 19.2 17.3 43.5 1.6 +2.1 8.667 May 4 11 58.2 +2 56 +0.8 18.9 17.1 43.0 1.4 +1.9 8.773 14 11 56.9 +3 03 +0.9 18.7 16.8 42.4 1.3 +1.7 8.901 24 11 56.1 +3 06 +1.0 18.4 16.6 41.7 1.2 +1.7 9.045

Jun. 3 11 55.9 +3 05 +1.0 18.1 16.3 41.0 1.2 +1.7 9.200 13 11 56.4 +2 59 +1.1 17.7 16.0 40.3 1.3 +1.8 9.363 23 11 57.5 +2 50 +1.1 17.4 15.7 39.6 1.4 +2.0 9.529 Jul. 3 11 59.1 +2 37 +1.1 17.1 15.5 38.9 1.5 +2.2 9.694 13 12 01.3 +2 21 +1.1 16.9 15.2 38.3 1.7 +2.6 9.853

23 12 04.0 +2 01 +1.1 16.6 15.0 37.7 1.9 +2.9 10.003 Aug. 2 12 07.1 +1 39 +1.1 16.4 14.8 37.2 2.2 +3.4 10.140 12 12 10.6 +1 15 +1.1 16.2 14.6 36.8 2.5 +3.8 10.261 22 12 14.5 +0 49 +1.1 16.0 14.5 36.4 2.8 +4.3 10.365 Sep. 1 12 18.6 +0 21 +1.0 15.9 14.4 36.1 3.1 +4.9 10.448

11 12 22.9 -0 07 +1.0 15.8 14.3 35.9 3.4 +5.4 10.508 21 12 27.3 -0 36 +0.9 15.8 14.2 35.8 3.7 +6.0 10.545 Oct. 1 12 31.9 -1 05 +0.9 15.7 14.2 35.7 4.1 +6.5 10.558 11 12 36.4 -1 34 +0.9 15.8 14.2 35.8 4.4 +7.1 10.546 21 12 40.9 -2 02 +0.9 15.8 14.3 35.9 4.7 +7.6 10.509

31 12 45.2 -2 28 +0.9 15.9 14.4 36.1 5.1 +8.1 10.447 Nov. 10 12 49.4 -2 53 +0.9 16.0 14.5 36.4 5.4 +8.6 10.363 20 12 53.3 -3 16 +0.9 16.2 14.7 36.8 5.7 +9.0 10.258 30 12 56.8 -3 36 +0.9 16.4 14.8 37.2 6.1 +9.4 10.133 Dec. 10 13 00.0 -3 53 +0.8 16.6 15.1 37.7 6.4 +9.7 9.993

20 13 02.6 -4 07 +0.8 16.9 15.3 38.3 6.6 +10.0 9.840 30 13 04.8 -4 18 +0.8 17.2 15.5 39.0 6.9 +10.1 9.678 40 13 06.3 -4 24 +0.7 17.5 15.8 39.6 7.1 +10.3 9.513

BAA Handbook 2010 Saturn 81 Longitude of Central Meridian of Saturn

SYSTEM I Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 353.9 249.6 132.6 28.3 157.9 49.8 175.8 64.9 313.7 79.0 329.4 97.2 2 118.3 14.0 257.0 152.6 282.2 174.1 299.9 189.0 77.9 203.2 93.7 221.4 3 242.6 138.4 21.4 277.0 46.5 298.3 64.1 313.2 202.1 327.3 217.9 345.7 4 7.0 262.8 145.8 41.3 170.8 62.5 188.3 77.3 326.2 91.5 342.2 110.0 5 131.4 27.2 270.2 165.7 295.1 186.7 312.5 201.5 90.4 215.7 106.4 234.3

6 255.7 151.6 34.6 290.0 59.4 310.9 76.6 325.6 214.6 339.9 230.6 358.6 7 20.1 275.9 159.0 54.3 183.6 75.1 200.8 89.8 338.7 104.1 354.9 122.9 8 144.5 40.3 283.3 178.7 307.9 199.3 325.0 213.9 102.9 228.3 119.1 247.2 9 268.8 164.7 47.7 303.0 72.2 323.6 89.1 338.1 227.1 352.5 243.4 11.5 10 33.2 289.1 172.1 67.4 196.4 87.8 213.3 102.3 351.2 116.7 7.6 135.8

11 157.6 53.5 296.5 191.7 320.7 212.0 337.5 226.4 115.4 240.9 131.9 260.1 12 281.9 177.9 60.9 316.0 85.0 336.2 101.6 350.6 239.6 5.1 256.1 24.4 13 46.3 302.3 185.3 80.4 209.2 100.4 225.8 114.7 3.7 129.3 20.4 148.7 14 170.7 66.7 309.6 204.7 333.5 224.6 350.0 238.9 127.9 253.5 144.6 273.0 15 295.1 191.1 74.0 329.0 97.8 348.8 114.1 3.0 252.1 17.7 268.9 37.3

16 59.4 315.5 198.4 93.3 222.0 113.0 238.3 127.2 16.2 141.9 33.1 161.6 17 183.8 79.9 322.8 217.7 346.3 237.2 2.5 251.3 140.4 266.1 157.4 285.9 18 308.2 204.3 87.2 342.0 110.5 1.4 126.6 15.5 264.6 30.4 281.6 50.2 19 72.6 328.7 211.5 106.3 234.8 125.6 250.8 139.7 28.8 154.6 45.9 174.6 20 197.0 93.1 335.9 230.6 359.0 249.7 15.0 263.8 152.9 278.8 170.2 298.9

21 321.3 217.5 100.3 354.9 123.3 13.9 139.1 28.0 277.1 43.0 294.4 63.2 22 85.7 341.9 224.6 119.2 247.5 138.1 263.3 152.1 41.3 167.2 58.7 187.5 23 210.1 106.3 349.0 243.5 11.8 262.3 27.4 276.3 165.5 291.4 183.0 311.8 24 334.5 230.7 113.4 7.9 136.0 26.5 151.6 40.5 289.7 55.6 307.2 76.2 25 98.9 355.1 237.8 132.2 260.2 150.7 275.8 164.6 53.8 179.9 71.5 200.5

26 223.3 119.4 2.1 256.5 24.5 274.9 39.9 288.8 178.0 304.1 195.8 324.8 27 347.6 243.8 126.5 20.8 148.7 39.0 164.1 52.9 302.2 68.3 320.0 89.1 28 112.0 8.2 250.8 145.1 272.9 163.2 288.2 177.1 66.4 192.5 84.3 213.5 29 236.4 15.2 269.4 37.2 287.4 52.4 301.3 190.6 316.8 208.6 337.8 30 0.8 139.6 33.6 161.4 51.6 176.5 65.4 314.8 81.0 332.9 102.1

31 125.2 263.9 285.6 300.7 189.6 205.2 226.5

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 35.18 7 246.25 10 5.86 1 0.59 6 3.52 2 70.36 8 281.43 20 11.73 2 1.17 7 4.10 3 105.54 9 316.61 30 17.59 3 1.76 8 4.69 4 140.72 10 351.79 40 23.45 4 2.35 9 5.28 5 175.90 11 386.97 50 29.32 5 2.93 10 5.86 6 211.07 12 422.15 60 35.18 System I applies to all objects situated on or between the south component of the North Equatorial Belt and the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. 82 Saturn BAA Handbook 2010 Longitude of Central Meridian of Saturn

SYSTEM II Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 338.2 312.5 11.1 345.4 226.1 196.8 73.8 41.7 9.3 245.6 214.8 93.4 2 70.3 44.6 103.2 77.5 318.1 288.7 165.7 133.6 101.2 337.5 306.7 185.4 3 162.3 136.7 195.3 169.5 50.1 20.6 257.6 225.4 193.1 69.4 38.6 277.4 4 254.4 228.8 287.3 261.6 142.1 112.6 349.5 317.3 284.9 161.3 130.6 9.4 5 346.4 320.9 19.4 353.6 234.1 204.5 81.3 49.1 16.8 253.1 222.5 101.3

6 78.5 52.9 111.5 85.7 326.0 296.4 173.2 141.0 108.7 345.0 314.4 193.3 7 170.6 145.0 203.6 177.7 58.0 28.3 265.1 232.8 200.5 76.9 46.4 285.3 8 262.6 237.1 295.7 269.7 150.0 120.2 357.0 324.7 292.4 168.8 138.3 17.3 9 354.7 329.2 27.8 1.8 242.0 212.1 88.8 56.6 24.3 260.7 230.2 109.3 10 86.8 61.3 119.9 93.8 333.9 304.1 180.7 148.4 116.1 352.6 322.2 201.3

11 178.8 153.4 211.9 185.8 65.9 36.0 272.6 240.3 208.0 84.5 54.1 293.3 12 270.9 245.5 304.0 277.9 157.9 127.9 4.4 332.1 299.9 176.4 146.1 25.3 13 3.0 337.6 36.1 9.9 249.9 219.8 96.3 64.0 31.7 268.3 238.0 117.3 14 95.0 69.7 128.2 101.9 341.8 311.7 188.2 155.9 123.6 0.2 330.0 209.3 15 187.1 161.8 220.3 194.0 73.8 43.6 280.0 247.7 215.5 92.1 61.9 301.3

16 279.2 253.9 312.3 286.0 165.7 135.5 11.9 339.6 307.4 184.1 153.9 33.3 17 11.3 346.0 44.4 18.0 257.7 227.4 103.8 71.4 39.2 276.0 245.8 125.3 18 103.3 78.1 136.5 110.0 349.6 319.3 195.6 163.3 131.1 7.9 337.8 217.3 19 195.4 170.2 228.6 202.1 81.6 51.2 287.5 255.1 223.0 99.8 69.8 309.4 20 287.5 262.2 320.6 294.1 173.6 143.1 19.4 347.0 314.9 191.7 161.7 41.4

21 19.6 354.3 52.7 26.1 265.5 235.0 111.2 78.9 46.7 283.6 253.7 133.4 22 111.6 86.4 144.8 118.1 357.4 326.9 203.1 170.7 138.6 15.5 345.7 225.4 23 203.7 178.5 236.9 210.1 89.4 58.7 295.0 262.6 230.5 107.4 77.6 317.4 24 295.8 270.6 328.9 302.1 181.3 150.6 26.8 354.4 322.4 199.4 169.6 49.4 25 27.9 2.7 61.0 34.1 273.3 242.5 118.7 86.3 54.3 291.3 261.6 141.5

26 120.0 94.8 153.1 126.1 5.2 334.4 210.5 178.2 146.2 23.2 353.5 233.5 27 212.1 186.9 245.1 218.1 97.1 66.3 302.4 270.0 238.0 115.1 85.5 325.5 28 304.1 279.0 337.2 310.1 189.1 158.2 34.3 1.9 329.9 207.0 177.5 57.5 29 36.2 69.2 42.1 281.0 250.1 126.1 93.8 61.8 299.0 269.5 149.6 30 128.3 161.3 134.1 12.9 341.9 218.0 185.6 153.7 30.9 1.4 241.6

31 220.4 253.4 104.9 309.8 277.5 122.8 333.6

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 33.83 7 236.83 10 5.64 1 0.56 6 3.38 2 67.67 8 270.67 20 11.28 2 1.13 7 3.95 3 101.50 9 304.50 30 16.92 3 1.69 8 4.51 4 135.33 10 338.33 40 22.56 4 2.26 9 5.08 5 169.17 11 372.17 50 28.19 5 2.82 10 5.64 6 203.00 12 406.00 60 33.83 System II applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. However System III is used more often for these regions. BAA Handbook 2010 Saturn 83 Longitude of Central Meridian of Saturn

SYSTEM III Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 186.4 123.3 148.1 85.1 289.6 222.9 63.7 354.2 284.5 124.5 56.3 258.8 2 277.3 214.2 239.0 175.9 20.4 313.6 154.4 84.9 15.1 215.2 147.0 349.6 3 8.1 305.1 329.9 266.8 111.2 44.3 245.1 175.5 105.8 305.9 237.8 80.3 4 99.0 36.0 60.8 357.6 201.9 135.0 335.7 266.2 196.4 36.6 328.5 171.1 5 189.8 126.8 151.6 88.4 292.7 225.7 66.4 356.8 287.1 127.3 59.2 261.9

6 280.7 217.7 242.5 179.3 23.5 316.5 157.1 87.5 17.8 218.0 150.0 352.7 7 11.5 308.6 333.4 270.1 114.3 47.2 247.7 178.1 108.4 308.7 240.7 83.5 8 102.4 39.5 64.3 0.9 205.0 137.9 338.4 268.8 199.1 39.3 331.4 174.3 9 193.2 130.4 155.2 91.8 295.8 228.6 69.1 359.4 289.8 130.0 62.2 265.0 10 284.1 221.3 246.0 182.6 26.6 319.3 159.7 90.1 20.4 220.7 152.9 355.8 11 15.0 312.2 336.9 273.4 117.3 50.0 250.4 180.7 111.1 311.4 243.6 86.6 12 105.8 43.0 67.8 4.3 208.1 140.7 341.1 271.4 201.7 42.1 334.4 177.4 13 196.7 133.9 158.7 95.1 298.9 231.4 71.7 2.0 292.4 132.8 65.1 268.2 14 287.6 224.8 249.6 185.9 29.6 322.1 162.4 92.7 23.1 223.5 155.9 359.0 15 18.4 315.7 340.4 276.7 120.4 52.8 253.1 183.3 113.7 314.2 246.6 89.8 16 109.3 46.6 71.3 7.6 211.1 143.5 343.7 274.0 204.4 44.9 337.4 180.6 17 200.2 137.5 162.2 98.4 301.9 234.2 74.4 4.7 295.1 135.6 68.1 271.4 18 291.0 228.4 253.0 189.2 32.6 324.9 165.0 95.3 25.7 226.3 158.9 2.2 19 21.9 319.3 343.9 280.0 123.4 55.6 255.7 186.0 116.4 317.0 249.6 93.0 20 112.8 50.1 74.8 10.8 214.1 146.2 346.4 276.6 207.1 47.7 340.4 183.8 21 203.7 141.0 165.6 101.6 304.9 236.9 77.0 7.3 297.8 138.4 71.1 274.6 22 294.5 231.9 256.5 192.4 35.6 327.6 167.7 97.9 28.4 229.1 161.9 5.4 23 25.4 322.8 347.4 283.2 126.3 58.3 258.3 188.6 119.1 319.9 252.6 96.3 24 116.3 53.7 78.2 14.0 217.1 149.0 349.0 279.2 209.8 50.6 343.4 187.1 25 207.2 144.6 169.1 104.8 307.8 239.7 79.6 9.9 300.5 141.3 74.2 277.9 26 298.0 235.5 259.9 195.6 38.5 330.3 170.3 100.5 31.1 232.0 164.9 8.7 27 28.9 326.3 350.8 286.4 129.3 61.0 261.0 191.2 121.8 322.7 255.7 99.5 28 119.8 57.2 81.7 17.2 220.0 151.7 351.6 281.8 212.5 53.4 346.5 190.3 29 210.7 172.5 108.0 310.7 242.4 82.3 12.5 303.2 144.1 77.2 281.2 30 301.5 263.4 198.8 41.4 333.1 172.9 103.2 33.9 234.9 168.0 12.0 31 32.4 354.2 132.2 263.6 193.8 325.6 102.8

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 33.78 7 236.48 10 5.63 1 0.56 6 3.38 2 67.57 8 270.26 20 11.26 2 1.13 7 3.94 3 101.35 9 304.05 30 16.89 3 1.69 8 4.50 4 135.13 10 337.83 40 22.52 4 2.25 9 5.07 5 168.92 11 371.61 50 28.15 5 2.82 10 5.63 6 202.70 12 405.40 60 33.78 System III also applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. This longitude system is based upon the rotation period of the planet’s magnetic field as defined by the InternationalAstronomical Union. 84 Saturn BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of saturn

MIMAS AND ENCELADUS Elongation distances from the centre of the planet

Date Jan. 4 Feb.13 Mar.25 May 4 Jun.13 Jul.23 Sep.1 Oct.11 Nov.20 Dec.30 " " " " " " " " " " Mimas 28 29 30 29 27 26 25 24 25 26 Enceladus 35 38 39 37 35 33 31 31 32 34

Mimas: each third eastern elongation Enceladus: each second eastern elongation

d h d h d h d h d h d h Jan. 3 06.0 Apr. 26 07.8 Aug. 17 10.4 Jan. 2 18.7 Apr. 22 09.0 Aug. 10 00.2 6 01.8 29 03.6 20 06.2 5 12.4 25 02.7 12 18.0 8 21.7 May 1 23.5 23 02.1 8 06.2 27 20.5 15 11.8 11 17.5 4 19.3 25 22.0 11 00.0 30 14.2 18 05.6 14 13.4 7 15.2 28 17.9 13 17.7 May 3 08.0 20 23.4 17 09.2 10 11.0 31 13.8 16 11.5 6 01.8 23 17.2 20 05.1 13 06.9 Sep. 3 09.6 19 05.3 8 19.5 26 11.0 23 00.9 16 02.7 6 05.5 21 23.0 11 13.3 29 04.8 25 20.8 18 22.6 9 01.4 24 16.8 14 07.1 31 22.6 28 16.6 21 18.4 11 21.3 27 10.6 17 00.8 Sep. 3 16.4 31 12.5 24 14.3 14 17.2 30 04.3 19 18.6 6 10.2 Feb. 3 08.3 27 10.1 ------Feb. 1 22.1 22 12.4 9 04.0 6 04.2 30 06.0 Oct. 15 19.8 4 15.8 25 06.2 ------9 00.0 Jun. 2 01.9 18 15.7 7 09.6 27 23.9 Oct. 20 07.0 11 19.8 4 21.7 21 11.6 10 03.3 30 17.7 23 00.8 14 15.7 7 17.6 24 07.4 12 21.1 Jun. 2 11.5 25 18.5 17 11.5 10 13.4 27 03.3 15 14.9 5 05.3 28 12.3 20 07.4 13 09.3 29 23.2 18 08.6 7 23.0 31 06.1 23 03.2 16 05.2 Nov. 1 19.1 21 02.4 10 16.8 Nov. 2 23.9 25 23.1 19 01.0 4 14.9 23 20.1 13 10.6 5 17.7 28 18.9 21 20.9 7 10.8 26 13.9 16 04.4 8 11.5 Mar. 3 14.7 24 16.8 10 06.7 Mar. 1 07.6 18 22.2 11 05.3 6 10.6 27 12.6 13 02.6 4 01.4 21 16.0 13 23.1 9 06.4 30 08.5 15 22.4 6 19.1 24 09.7 16 16.9 12 02.3 Jul. 3 04.4 18 18.3 9 12.9 27 03.5 19 10.7 14 22.1 6 00.2 21 14.2 12 06.6 29 21.3 22 04.5 17 17.9 8 20.1 24 10.0 15 00.4 Jul. 2 15.1 24 22.3 20 13.8 11 16.0 27 05.9 17 18.1 5 08.9 27 16.0 23 09.6 14 11.9 30 01.8 20 11.9 8 02.7 30 09.8 26 05.5 17 07.7 Dec. 2 21.7 23 05.6 10 20.5 Dec. 3 03.6 29 01.3 20 03.6 5 17.5 25 23.4 13 14.3 5 21.4 31 21.2 22 23.5 8 13.4 28 17.1 16 08.0 8 15.2 Apr. 3 17.0 25 19.4 11 09.3 31 10.9 19 01.8 11 09.0 6 12.8 28 15.2 14 05.1 Apr. 3 04.7 21 19.6 14 02.8 9 08.7 31 11.1 17 01.0 5 22.4 24 13.4 16 20.5 12 04.5 Aug. 3 07.0 19 20.8 8 16.2 27 07.2 19 14.3 15 00.4 6 02.9 22 16.7 11 09.9 30 01.0 22 08.1 17 20.2 8 22.7 25 12.6 14 03.7 Aug. 1 18.8 25 01.9 20 16.1 11 18.6 28 08.4 16 21.4 4 12.6 27 19.7 23 11.9 14 14.5 31 04.3 19 15.2 7 06.4 30 13.4

Note: For intervening eastern elongations add: Mimas 0d 22h.6 and 1d21h.2 Enceladus 1d 08h.9 Times of western elongation are approximately midway between the times of eastern elongation. Both satellites are usually brighter near western elongations. BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Saturn 85 Angular Elonga tion Distances

2010 Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Hyperion Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Hyperion " " " " " " " " " " Jan. 4 44 56 78 182 220 Jul. 13 41 53 74 171 207 14 45 57 80 185 224 23 41 52 73 169 204 24 45 58 81 188 228 Aug. 2 40 51 72 166 202 Feb. 3 46 59 82 191 232 12 40 51 71 164 199 13 47 60 84 194 235 22 39 50 70 163 197 23 47 60 84 196 237 Sep. 1 39 50 70 161 196 Mar. 5 48 61 85 197 239 11 39 50 69 160 194 15 48 61 85 198 240 21 39 49 69 160 194 25 48 61 86 198 240 Oct. 1 39 49 69 160 194 Apr. 4 48 61 85 198 240 11 39 49 69 160 194 14 47 61 85 196 238 21 39 50 69 160 194 24 47 60 84 194 236 31 39 50 70 161 196 May 4 46 59 83 192 233 Nov. 10 39 50 70 163 197 14 46 59 82 189 230 20 40 51 71 164 199 24 45 58 80 186 226 30 40 51 72 166 202 Jun. 3 44 57 79 183 222 Dec. 10 41 52 73 169 204 13 43 56 78 180 218 20 41 53 74 171 208 23 43 55 76 177 214 30 42 54 75 174 211 Jul. 3 42 54 75 174 211

Note: To obtain the angular distance of a particular satellite from the centre of Saturn at the time of observation, find the elongation distance of that satellite for the nearest date in the table above, then refer to the table for the satellite and multiply by the ratio (R) shown against the time elapsed since the last eastern elongation. The satellite's direction will be the Position Angle (P) - measured from the north point towards the east - on the same line as R. Elongation distances for dates outside those given in the above table can be estimated.

Tethys

Time of each third eastern elongation After e.e. R P After e.e. R P d h d h d h d h º d h º Jan. 4 23.8 Apr. 28 05.5 Aug. 19 12.6 0 00 1.00 87 1 00 0.98 267 10 15.7 May 3 21.4 25 04.6 0 02 0.96 87 1 02 0.89 268 16 07.7 9 13.3 30 20.6 0 04 0.85 88 1 03 0.82 268 21 23.6 15 05.2 Sep. 5 12.6 0 05 0.77 89 1 04 0.73 269 27 15.5 20 21.2 11 04.6 0 06 0.67 89 1 05 0.63 269 Feb. 2 07.3 26 13.1 ------0 07 0.56 90 1 06 0.52 270 7 23.2 Jun. 1 05.0 Oct. 15 04.6 0 08 0.44 91 1 07 0.40 272 13 15.1 6 20.9 20 20.6 0 09 0.31 93 1 08 0.27 274 19 07.0 12 12.9 26 12.6 0 10 0.18 98 1 09 0.14 282 24 22.9 18 04.8 Nov. 1 04.6 0 11 0.05 128 1 10 0.04 8 Mar. 2 14.7 23 20.8 6 20.6 0 12 0.10 247 1 11 0.15 73 8 06.6 29 12.8 12 12.6 0 13 0.24 259 1 12 0.28 80 13 22.5 Jul. 5 04.7 18 04.6 0 14 0.37 262 1 13 0.41 82 19 14.4 10 20.7 23 20.5 0 15 0.49 263 1 14 0.53 84 25 06.2 16 12.7 29 12.5 0 16 0.61 264 1 15 0.64 84 30 22.1 22 04.7 Dec. 5 04.5 0 17 0.71 265 1 16 0.74 85 Apr. 5 14.0 27 20.6 10 20.4 0 18 0.80 265 1 17 0.83 86 11 05.9 Aug. 2 12.6 16 12.4 0 19 0.88 266 1 18 0.90 86 16 21.7 8 04.6 22 04.4 0 20 0.94 266 1 20 0.98 87 22 13.6 13 20.6 27 20.3 0 22 1.00 267 1 22 0.99 87

Note: For intervening eastern elongations add 1d 21h.3 and 3d 18h.6. 86 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2010 Dione Time of each second eastern elongation After e.e. R P After e.e. R P d h d h d h d h º d h º Jan. 4 19.8 Apr. 24 06.2 Aug. 11 18.3 0 00 1.00 86 1 10 1.00 266 10 07.1 29 17.6 17 05.8 0 02 0.98 86 1 12 0.96 266 15 18.5 May 5 04.9 22 17.3 0 04 0.93 87 1 14 0.88 267 21 05.9 10 16.2 28 04.8 0 06 0.84 87 1 16 0.78 267 26 17.2 16 03.6 Sep. 2 16.2 0 08 0.72 88 1 18 0.65 268 Feb. 1 04.5 21 15.0 8 03.7 0 10 0.58 89 1 20 0.49 270 6 15.9 27 02.3 ------0 12 0.41 90 1 22 0.32 272 12 03.2 Jun. 1 13.7 Oct. 21 23.6 0 14 0.23 95 2 00 0.13 282 17 14.5 7 01.1 27 11.1 0 16 0.05 128 2 02 0.07 55 23 01.8 12 12.5 Nov. 1 22.5 0 18 0.15 252 2 04 0.25 78 28 13.1 17 23.9 7 10.0 0 20 0.34 260 2 06 0.43 81 Mar. 6 00.4 23 11.3 12 21.5 0 22 0.51 262 2 08 0.59 83 11 11.7 28 22.7 18 08.9 1 00 0.66 263 2 10 0.74 84 16 23.0 Jul. 4 10.2 23 20.4 1 02 0.79 264 2 12 0.85 84 22 10.3 9 21.6 29 07.8 1 04 0.90 265 2 14 0.93 85 27 21.7 15 09.0 Dec. 4 19.3 1 06 0.96 265 2 16 0.98 85 Apr. 2 09.0 20 20.5 10 06.7 1 08 1.00 266 2 18 1.00 86 7 20.3 26 07.9 15 18.1 13 07.6 31 19.4 21 05.6 18 18.9 Aug. 6 06.9 26 17.0 Note: For the intervening eastern elongation add 2d 17h.7

Rhea Time of each eastern elongation After e.e. R P After e.e. R P d h d h d h d h º d h º Jan. 4 08.8 Apr. 27 05.7 Aug. 18 05.4 0 00 1.00 86 2 09 0.99 267 8 21.3 May 1 18.1 22 18.0 0 03 0.99 87 2 12 0.95 267 13 09.7 6 06.4 27 06.5 0 06 0.94 87 2 15 0.88 267 17 22.1 10 18.8 31 19.1 0 09 0.87 87 2 18 0.78 268 22 10.5 15 07.2 Sep. 5 07.7 0 12 0.77 88 2 21 0.66 269 26 22.9 19 19.6 9 20.2 0 15 0.65 89 3 00 0.52 270 31 11.3 24 08.0 14 08.8 0 18 0.51 90 3 03 0.36 272 Feb. 4 23.6 28 20.4 ------0 21 0.35 92 3 06 0.20 277 9 12.0 Jun. 2 08.9 Oct. 20 13.4 1 00 0.19 98 3 09 0.05 325 14 00.4 6 21.3 25 01.9 1 03 0.04 164 3 12 0.15 71 18 12.7 11 09.8 29 14.5 1 06 0.17 253 3 15 0.32 79 23 01.0 15 22.2 Nov. 3 03.1 1 09 0.33 260 3 18 0.48 82 27 13.4 20 10.7 7 15.6 1 12 0.49 262 3 21 0.62 83 Mar. 4 01.7 24 23.1 12 04.2 1 15 0.64 263 4 00 0.75 84 8 14.0 29 11.6 16 16.7 1 18 0.76 264 4 03 0.85 85 13 02.4 Jul. 4 00.1 21 05.3 1 21 0.86 265 4 06 0.93 85 17 14.7 8 12.6 25 17.8 2 00 0.94 265 4 09 0.98 86 22 03.0 13 01.1 30 06.3 2 03 0.98 266 4 12 1.00 86 26 15.3 17 13.6 Dec. 4 18.9 2 06 1.00 266 4 15 0.99 86 31 03.7 22 02.2 9 07.4 Apr. 4 16.0 26 14.7 13 19.9 9 04.3 31 03.2 18 08.4 13 16.7 Aug. 4 15.8 22 20.9 18 05.0 9 04.3 27 09.3 22 17.3 13 16.9 31 21.8 BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Saturn 87 Titan

Eastern Inferior Western Superior After R P After R P Elongation Conjunction Elongation Conjunction e.e. e.e. d h d h d h d h d h º d h º Jan. 2 04.5 0 00 0.99 86 8 08 0.99 267 Jan. 6 04.6 Jan. 10 01.0 Jan. 14 00.8 Jan. 18 03.3 0 10 0.98 86 8 18 0.95 267 Jan. 22 03.3 Jan. 25 23.6 Jan. 29 23.2 Feb. 3 01.6 0 20 0.94 87 9 04 0.88 268 Feb. 7 01.5 Feb. 10 21.7 Feb. 14 21.2 Feb. 18 23.5 1 06 0.87 87 9 14 0.80 268 Feb. 22 23.3 Feb. 26 19.6 Mar. 2 18.8 Mar. 6 21.2 1 16 0.78 88 10 00 0.69 269 Mar. 10 20.9 Mar. 14 17.3 Mar. 18 16.3 Mar. 22 18.6 2 02 0.66 89 10 10 0.56 270 Mar. 26 18.4 Mar. 30 14.8 Apr. 3 13.7 Apr. 7 16.1 2 12 0.53 90 10 20 0.43 272 Apr. 11 15.9 Apr. 15 12.5 Apr. 19 11.3 Apr. 23 13.8 2 22 0.38 92 11 06 0.28 275 Apr. 27 13.6 May 1 10.4 May 5 09.1 May 9 11.7 3 08 0.22 96 11 16 0.13 287 May 13 11.6 May 17 08.6 May 21 07.3 May 25 10.1 3 18 0.07 122 12 02 0.06 38 May 29 10.0 Jun. 2 07.1 Jun. 6 06.0 Jun. 10 08.8 4 04 0.12 247 12 12 0.20 73 Jun. 14 08.9 Jun. 18 06.1 Jun. 22 05.0 Jun. 26 08.0 4 14 0.28 258 12 22 0.35 79 Jun. 30 08.2 Jul. 4 05.4 Jul. 8 04.5 Jul. 12 07.6 5 00 0.44 261 13 08 0.50 82 Jul. 16 07.8 Jul. 20 05.1 Jul. 24 04.4 Jul. 28 07.5 5 10 0.58 263 13 18 0.63 83 Aug. 1 07.8 Aug. 5 05.0 Aug. 9 04.5 Aug. 13 07.8 5 20 0.71 264 14 04 0.74 84 Aug. 17 08.0 Aug. 21 05.2 Aug. 25 04.9 Aug. 29 08.2 6 06 0.82 265 14 14 0.84 84 Sep. 2 08.4 Sep. 6 05.5 Sep. 10 05.4 Sep. 14 08.8 6 16 0.90 265 15 00 0.91 85 Sep. 18 09.0 Sep. 22 06.0 Sep. 26 06.1 Sep. 30 09.5 7 02 0.96 266 15 10 0.96 86 Oct. 4 09.6 Oct. 8 06.5 Oct. 12 06.8 Oct. 16 10.1 7 12 1.00 266 15 20 0.99 86 Oct. 20 10.2 Oct. 24 06.9 Oct. 28 07.4 Nov. 1 10.7 7 22 1.01 266 16 06 0.98 86 Nov. 5 10.7 Nov. 9 07.3 Nov. 13 07.9 Nov. 17 11.2 Nov. 21 11.0 Nov. 25 07.5 Nov. 29 08.2 Dec. 3 11.4 Dec. 7 11.1 Dec. 11 07.4 Dec. 15 08.2 Dec. 19 11.4 Dec. 23 10.9 Dec. 27 07.1 Dec. 31 07.8

Note: The diagrams on page 90 show the elliptical projection of Titan’s orbit for those months when the satellite is most readily observable. The position of Titan at 00h each day is marked.

Hyperion

Eastern Inferior Western Superior After R P After R P Elongation Conjunction Elongation Conjunction e.e. e.e. d h d h d h d h d h º d h º Jan. 4 22.7 Jan. 10 12.0 Jan. 15 11.9 0 00 1.01 87 11 16 0.98 267 Jan. 20 13.7 Jan. 26 03.0 Jan. 31 15.6 Feb. 5 15.1 0 20 0.98 87 12 12 0.91 268 Feb. 10 16.8 Feb. 16 06.1 Feb. 21 18.3 Feb. 26 17.7 1 16 0.90 88 13 08 0.78 268 Mar. 3 19.2 Mar. 9 08.7 Mar. 14 20.5 Mar. 19 20.1 2 12 0.77 89 14 04 0.60 270 Mar. 24 21.3 Mar. 30 11.1 Apr. 4 22.9 Apr. 9 22.7 3 08 0.60 90 14 14 0.49 271 Apr. 14 23.9 Apr. 20 14.2 Apr. 26 02.0 May 1 02.1 4 04 0.41 92 15 00 0.38 272 May 6 03.5 May 11 18.4 May 17 06.4 May 22 06.7 4 14 0.30 94 15 10 0.25 275 May 27 08.5 Jun. 2 00.1 Jun. 7 12.3 Jun. 12 12.6 5 00 0.19 99 15 20 0.12 285 Jun. 17 15.0 Jun. 23 07.6 Jun. 28 19.7 Jul. 3 19.9 5 10 0.08 115 16 06 0.04 17 Jul. 8 23.2 Jul. 14 16.7 Jul. 20 04.7 Jul. 25 04.5 5 20 0.06 221 16 16 0.15 72 Jul. 30 08.8 Aug. 5 03.3 Aug. 10 14.9 Aug. 15 14.2 6 06 0.16 252 17 02 0.28 79 Aug. 20 19.7 Aug. 26 15.1 Sep. 1 02.1 Sep. 6 00.8 6 16 0.26 258 17 12 0.40 82 Sep. 11 07.5 Sep. 17 03.8 Sep. 22 14.1 Sep. 27 12.0 7 02 0.37 261 17 22 0.52 83 Oct. 2 20.0 Oct. 8 17.0 Oct. 14 02.4 Oct. 18 23.6 7 12 0.47 262 18 08 0.63 84 Oct. 24 08.9 Oct. 30 06.4 Nov. 4 14.8 Nov. 9 11.3 8 08 0.66 264 19 04 0.81 85 Nov. 14 21.7 Nov. 20 19.5 Nov. 26 03.0 Nov. 30 22.7 9 04 0.81 265 20 00 0.93 86 Dec. 6 10.0 Dec. 12 08.0 Dec. 17 14.5 Dec. 22 09.6 10 00 0.92 266 20 20 1.00 87 Dec. 27 21.5 10 20 0.98 266 21 16 1.01 87

Note: As the orbital periods of Titan and Hyperion are almost exactly in the proportion of 3 to 4, the two satellites are in proximity near certain of the elongations, making it then easier to identify Hyperion.

88 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2010 Titan The Sun passed through the plane of Saturn’s ring on 2009 August 10, and the Earth passed through the ring- plane on 2009 September 4. Near these times (approx. ±10 months) there will be phenomena of Saturn’s largest satellite, Titan. These phenomena are given below, except during the periods when Saturn is less than 20 degrees from the Sun. All times refer to the centre of Titan or its shadow, and for the eclipses the Sun is supposed to be a point. The following abbreviations are used: EcD Eclipse-Disappearance EcR Eclipse-Reappearance ShI Shadow-Immersion ShE Shadow-Emersion OcD Occultation-Disappearance OcR Occultation-Reappearance TrI Transit-Immersion TrE Transit-Emersion 2010 2010 2010 h m h m h m Jan. 1 21 34 EcD May 9 9 52 OcD Jun. 18 4 14 TrI Jan. 1 23 44 EcR May 9 13 48 OcR Jun. 18 8 02 TrE Jan. 9 18 45 ShI May 17 6 31 TrI Jun. 26 6 37 OcD Jan. 9 20 51 ShE May 17 10 42 TrE Jun. 26 9 39 OcR Apr. 15 11 28 TrI May 25 8 02 OcD Jul. 4 4 12 TrI

Apr. 15 13 35 TrE May 25 12 19 OcR Jul. 4 6 42 TrE Apr. 23 12 31 OcD Jun. 2 5 04 TrI Apr. 23 15 16 OcR Jun. 2 9 17 TrE May 1 8 35 TrI Jun. 10 6 55 OcD May 1 12 14 TrE Jun. 10 10 58 OcR TITAN-RHEA CONJUNCTIONS The list below mentions the conjunctions between Saturn’s satellites Titan and Rhea as seen from the Earth. These are the instants when the line connecting the apparent places of these satellites is perpendicular to the major axis of the ring. After the time (in UT) the angular separation Δ Y between the centres of Titan and Rhea is given, in units of Saturn’s equatorial radius. The quantity Δ Y is positive if Rhea is north of Titan, negative if south. The list is restricted to the events at which | Δ Y| < 2. No conjunction is mentioned for the periods when Saturn’s angular distance to the Sun is smaller than 20 degrees. 'S' means that Titan and Rhea are at the same side of the ring, while 'O' means they are at opposite sides of the ring. 2010 2010 h m Δ Y h m Δ Y Jan. 8 22 34 +1.48 Jun. 1 16 21 +0.82 Jan. 11 3 26 +1.55 Jun. 9 5 04 -0.59 Feb. 11 23 01 +1.61 Jun. 10 2 36 -0.40 S Mar. 5 22 02 -1.62 Jun. 11 12 32 -0.66 Mar. 15 16 36 +1.35 Jun. 18 20 59 +0.92

Mar. 23 1 38 -1.63 Jun. 26 4 33 -1.10 O Mar. 30 6 24 +1.43 Jul. 3 10 48 +1.01 Apr. 6 14 55 -1.08 Jul. 13 8 50 -1.05 Apr. 16 9 37 +0.99 Jul. 20 15 43 +1.39 Apr. 23 17 53 -1.13 O Jul. 27 23 15 -1.61

Apr. 30 22 58 +0.97 Aug. 4 6 29 +1.39 May 8 8 41 -0.70 Aug. 14 4 59 -1.75 May 9 23 15 -0.41 Sep. 5 3 42 +1.75 May 10 14 59 -0.56 May 18 2 57 +0.79

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Saturn 89 Titan

January 2010 July

29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 12 11 24 20 19 13 10 9 23 8 7 6 5 18 17 30 14 8 4 3 7 2 1 15 9 10 16 11 12 31 1 2 5 6 25 26 13 14 15 16 3 4 22 27 28 17 18 19 20 21 29 30 31

February August

28 27 26 25 24 23 22 13 12 25 21 20 14 11 10 24 9 8 7 6 5 19 18 9 8 4 3 15 2 10 16 1 7 11 12 2 3 4 6 23 26 27 13 14 15 16 1 17 5 28 29 18 19 20 21 22 30 31 17

March November

27 26 25 18 17 31 28 24 1 30 29 29 12 11 10 9 23 2 16 15 14 28 13 8 7 22 13 12 27 6 3 11 4 5 14 19 6 15 5 20 21 7 8 9 10 30 16 1 4 22 23 2 3 21 24 25 26 17 18 19 20

April December

30 29 28 27 26 19 18 17 13 12 11 25 30 31 14 10 3 2 1 16 29 28 15 9 24 15 14 8 13 12 4 5 6 16 20 21 7 8 9 1 7 22 23 10 11 2 6 24 25 26 27 17 3 4 5 23 18 19 20 21 22

May

21 20 19 18 17 5 4 3 2 1 31 30 16 15 6 14 S 7 8 22 23 9 10 11 24 25 12 13 26 27 28 29 WE

June N 100 0 100 200 22 21 20 19 6 5 18 17 4 3 2 1 16 15 7 Seconds of Arc 8 9 23 24 10 11 12 25 26 13 14 27 28 29 30

90 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2010 Iapetus Iapetus shows variations in brightness, and is always brighter at western elongation than at eastern. The diagrams show the apparent path of of Iapetus relative to Saturn, the units being in seconds of arc. Conjunction of Saturn is indicated by the faint portion of the orbit path from Sep. 1 to Nov. 1

E. Elong. Inf. Conj’n. W. Elong. Sup. Conj’n. d h d h d h d h Jan. 10 20.2 Jan. 30 00.8 Feb. 18 09.1 Mar. 10 01.2 Mar. 29 23.7 Apr. 18 07.8 May 7 04.5 May 27 09.0 Jun. 16 11.8 Jul. 6 14.0 Jul. 25 23.2 Aug. 15 17.2 Sep. 5 10.4 Sep. 25 13.7 Oct. 15 14.2 Nov. 5 06.6 Nov. 26 04.0 Dec. 15 16.9

S 21 17 2010 25 13 150 29 FEB 2 9 6 5 0 10 JAN 1 14 MAR 18 14 18 10 6 150 22 26 MAR 2

11 7 APR 3 150 15 19 30 23 26 27 22 0 MAY 1 MAR 18 5 MAY 29 9 25 150 13 17 21

150 30 26 22 JUL 4 18 8 12 14 W16 10 E 0 20 6 24 JUN 2 MAY 29 28 150 AUG 1 5 AUG 9

18 14 150 22 10 26 6 30 OCT 4 SEP 2 0 8 29 25 12 21 17 16 13 150 OCT 20 AUG 9

7 DEC 3 11 29 150 15 19 25 23 21 0 27 17 DEC 31 13 9 5 NOV 1 150 OCT 20 24 28 600 450 300 150 N 0 150 300 450 600

BAA Handbook 2010 Satellites of Saturn 91 Uranus Uranus is at opposition on September 21, magnitude 5.7, diameter 3".7 23h30m 13 Psc

14 Psc 23h34m Jan PISCES 23h38m Feb 23h42m

Mar

23h46m 20 Psc Jan 2011 Dec 23h50m Apr Nov 9 24 Psc 23h54m

8 Oct 7 May 27 Psc 23h58m 6

Sep 5 Jun 24h02m Jul Aug PISCES PISCES PATH OF URANUS IN 2010 MAGNITUDES: 24h06m 1° 0° -1° -2° -3° -4°

92 Uranus BAA Handbook 2010

Neptune Neptune is at opposition on August 20, magnitude 7.8, diameter 2".4 21h42m 44 Cap 45 Cap 42 Cap

48 Cap 21h46m

Jan CAPRICORNUS

21h50m Feb Dec 51 Cap Nov 21h54m 9 Oct Mar 8

Jan 2011 Sep 7 21h58m Apr 6

Aug 5 22h02m May AQUARIUS AQUARIUS

Jul Jun MAGNITUDES: 22h06m PATH OF NEPTUNE IN 2010 -11° -12° -13° -14° -15°

BAA Handbook 2010 Neptune 93

Apr Aug † † † † † Jan Dec Dec isible SH Jan - Oct Jan - Jul - Jan – Jun Jan - Mar Oct - Dec Feb - Dec Feb - Nov Nov - Dec Jan – May V

Apr Apr Apr Aug † † † Jan isible UK Jan - Jun Jul - Dec Jul - Dec Jan - Jan - Jan – Jan - Oct - Dec Jan – Dec Jan - May Aug - Oct Nov - Dec Jan – May Nov - Dec Feb - May V Apr † † † † † † † † † Jan than 14 Brighter Jan – Oct Jan – Oct Jan – Jan – Sep Jan – Feb Jan – Nov † 93 12 88 43 65 77 19 18 179 160 147 150 150 156 142 Elong at peak † peak Jul 5 Jan 5 Jan 1 Jan 1 Jan 1 Jan 1 Jan 1 Jan 1 Jan 7 Feb 1 Oct 21 Feb 22 Feb 12 Mar 24 Mar 29 Date of 9 9 11 17 12 16 17 20 19 12 12 20 12 14 17 ?12 mag Peak ets 1 m 1.4 K 5.0 10.0 15.8 15.0 5.0 24.9 1 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 Co 1 1.0 1.5 H 0.9 1.0 6.0 8.7 4.7 6.9 5.0 8.5 -1.4 1 1 14.0 15.5 14.5 16.0 18.5 7 3 3 2 1 1 1 6 4 5 1 7 2 2 N P 14.6 10.0 13.4 8.42 6.45 6.30 6.99 6.29 5.49 4.21 6.42 5.48 6.79 9.03 q 5.72 3.13 2.25 1.36 0.61 3.63 1.98 3.18 1.36 2.36 1.99 1.60 0.99 2.44 1.71 2.65 T 2004 2009 2010 Jul 3.2 Jul 6.7 Oct 7.3 Jan 2.3 Oct 12.5 Feb 8.2 Jan 12.1 Jan 31.9 Mar 5.7 Mar 2.1 Nov 30.3 Feb 20.5 Feb 22.7 Feb 23.7 Feb 22.8 Feb 19.2 W3) (2003 T -Levy T ritton ild ) 10 achmann 18P/Shoemaker Comet 29P/Schwassmann- W 82P/Gehrels 203P/Korlevic 157P/T 219P/LINEAR Christensen (2006 P/LINEAR-NEA XD Siding Spring (2007 Q3) 88P/Howell 169P/NEA 1 81P/W P/McNaught (2004 R1) 65P/Gunn 126P/IRAS 149P/Mueller

94 Comets BAA Handbook 2010 Aug * † † † † † Jun Dec Dec Dec Dec isible SH Mar - Jul Jan - Feb Jan - Feb Feb - Dec Feb - Dec Apr - Nov - Dec May - Dec Aug - Nov V * † † † † † † † Jan Dec isible UK Jul - Dec Jul – Sep Jan - Dec Jun - Dec Jan - May Aug - Dec Aug - Dec Aug - Dec Jan – May V Aug * † † † † † † † † † † † than 14 Brighter Jun – Oct Apr – Jun Apr – Jun Jan – Mar – Dec Mar – Nov * 7 16 11 17 12 15 70 47 25 23 1 165 102 146 136 165 152 122 Elong at peak ) * peak Jul 3 Jan 1 Jan 1 Oct 2 Oct 9 Oct 6 Jul 29 Jul 26 Mar 3 Aug 7 May 3 Oct 19 Sep 29 Feb 27 Mar 31 Date of May 22 May 28 ? 1 ? 4 12 18 12 13 10 17 15 16 20 17 17 19 15 17 15 1 mag Peak continued ( 1 1.0 K 9.3 5.0 1 10.0 10.0 10.5 29.8 12.5 10.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 ets 1 1.0 H m 9.8 8.9 9.0 8.0 7.0 9.0 9.5 1 13.5 12.3 13.0 13.4 13.5 10.5 16.5 15.0 13.0 14.0 Co 4 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 N 10 22 60 10 P 1.0 1.1 1 1 5.89 6.12 5.50 5.24 5.25 5.37 8.07 6.42 3.30 8.45 6.80 5.33 8.52 6.60 7.21 7.34 q 1.18 1.92 1.36 0.05 2.49 0.76 0.76 1.42 3.21 1.28 0.34 2.42 1.79 1.23 4.85 2.18 2.24 1.83 1.88 T Jul 1.7 Jul 4.9 Aug 6.5 Apr 26.8 Apr 19.5 Jun 8.0 Jun 7.4 Jul 18.5 Sep 3.7 Sep 9.5 Aug 14.7 Mar 8.4

May 4.6 May 1.5 Mar 26.1 Mar 29.7

May 30.5 May 24.5 May 29.7 ) ) 5 215 VO f (2001 R6) ang T olf-Harrington f (2002 S1) empel ) 38 Comet 104P/Kowal P/LINEAR (1999 U3) 162P/Siding Spring 43P/W P/Catalina-LINEAR (2004 EW P/LINEAR-Skif 94P/Russell P/SOHO 142P/Ge-W P/LINEAR (2002 UY 141P-Machholz-A 141P-Machholz-D 10P/T 215P/NEA D/Haneda-Campos (1978 R1) 2P/Encke Spacewatch (2007 P/Skif 30P/Reinmuth

BAA Handbook 2010 Comets 95

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2P/Encke 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% July 3 5 7.2 +28 42 10.7 1.71 0.87 10.24 23 84 66 13 6 10.6 +28 33 9.0 1.57 0.69 10.48 19 36 2

August 22 11 34.7 -3 3 6.6 1.14 0.52 13.34 27 124 94 September 1 12 48.4 -12 59 8.5 1.11 0.71 14.09 38 136 58 11 13 58.8 -20 33 10.0 1.17 0.89 14.40 47 10 9 21 15 2.6 -25 22 11.4 1.29 1.05 15.04 53 102 95 October 1 15 57.8 -27 58 12.5 1.44 1.21 15.20 56 146 52 10P/Tempel 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% May 4 20 52.2 -10 19 11.8 1.18 1.56 6.06 91 23 71 14 21 21.7 -9 24 11.5 1.09 1.52 5.56 93 93 0 24 21 51.8 -8 31 11.2 1.00 1.49 5.46 95 134 82 June 3 22 22.3 -7 44 10.9 0.93 1.46 5.37 98 13 68 13 22 52.9 -7 8 10.7 0.86 1.44 5.29 100 108 0 23 23 23.0 -6 50 10.5 0.81 1.43 5.19 102 118 88 July 3 23 52.0 -6 52 10.3 0.76 1.42 5.09 105 11 66 13 0 19.2 -7 19 10.2 0.72 1.43 4.57 109 125 2 23 0 43.6 -8 13 10.2 0.70 1.44 4.42 113 100 92 August 2 1 4.5 -9 34 10.2 0.67 1.45 4.23 117 25 62 12 1 21.0 -11 19 10.2 0.66 1.48 4.00 123 144 5 22 1 32.5 -13 20 10.3 0.65 1.51 3.32 129 78 94 32 1 38.6 -15 28 10.4 0.65 1.55 2.59 136 51 58 September 11 1 39.5 -17 28 10.6 0.67 1.59 2.20 143 148 9 21 1 35.8 -19 4 10.9 0.69 1.63 1.37 149 51 95 31 1 29.2 -20 0 11.2 0.73 1.69 0.51 152 85 52 October 11 1 21.5 -20 11 11.5 0.79 1.74 0.04 153 122 13 21 1 14.5 -19 35 11.9 0.87 1.79 23.18 149 31 96 31 1 9.5 -18 21 12.3 0.96 1.85 22.33 143 121 45

BAA Handbook 2010 Comets 97 individual Comets 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% January 4 9 50.5 +11 40 12.6 5.42 6.19 2.57 138 4 86 14 9 47.3 +11 47 12.5 5.33 6.19 2.14 148 135 1 24 9 43.3 +11 59 12.5 5.26 6.19 1.31 160 103 56 February 3 9 38.9 +12 13 12.5 5.22 6.19 0.47 171 44 81 13 9 34.1 +12 29 12.5 5.21 6.19 0.03 177 171 1 23 9 29.5 +12 44 12.5 5.23 6.20 23.19 166 64 61 March 5 9 25.2 +12 59 12.5 5.28 6.20 22.35 155 84 77 15 9 21.6 +13 10 12.6 5.36 6.20 21.52 144 153 0 25 9 18.8 +13 19 12.6 5.47 6.20 21.10 134 23 68 April 4 9 16.9 +13 24 12.7 5.59 6.20 20.29 124 120 73 14 9 16.2 +13 24 12.7 5.74 6.20 19.48 113 119 0 24 9 16.5 +13 20 12.8 5.89 6.21 19.09 104 17 75 May 4 9 17.8 +13 11 12.8 6.05 6.21 18.31 94 152 71 14 9 20.1 +12 58 12.9 6.21 6.21 17.54 85 85 0 24 9 23.3 +12 41 13.0 6.37 6.21 17.18 77 54 82 June 3 9 27.2 +12 20 13.0 6.52 6.21 16.42 68 178 68 13 9 31.9 +11 55 13.1 6.67 6.22 16.08 60 52 0 23 9 37.2 +11 26 13.1 6.80 6.22 15.34 52 88 88 July 3 9 42.9 +10 54 13.1 6.92 6.22 14.60 44 150 66 13 9 49.1 +10 19 13.2 7.02 6.22 14.27 36 18 2 23 9 55.5 +9 41 13.2 7.10 6.22 13.54 28 118 92 August 2 10 2.2 +9 1 13.2 7.17 6.22 13.21 20 123 62 October 1 10 43.0 +4 31 13.2 7.11 6.23 10.05 27 64 52 11 10 49.3 +3 45 13.2 7.02 6.23 9.32 35 79 13 21 10 55.1 +3 1 13.1 6.92 6.23 8.58 44 159 96 31 11 0.4 +2 18 13.1 6.80 6.24 8.24 52 31 45 November 10 11 5.2 +1 37 13.1 6.66 6.24 7.50 61 110 16 20 11 9.3 +1 0 13.0 6.51 6.24 7.14 69 130 97 30 11 12.7 +0 26 13.0 6.36 6.24 6.38 79 5 37 December 10 11 15.2 -0 2 12.9 6.20 6.24 6.01 88 139 18 20 11 16.9 -0 27 12.9 6.04 6.24 5.24 98 99 98 30 11 17.5 -0 45 12.8 5.88 6.24 4.45 107 42 30 81P/Wild 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% January 4 12 16.9 -0 45 9.8 1.20 1.67 5.23 99 36 86 14 12 38.4 -2 29 9.6 1.11 1.65 5.05 104 90 1 24 12 58.9 -4 0 9.3 1.02 1.63 4.47 109 153 56 February 3 13 18.2 -5 15 9.1 0.94 1.61 4.26 114 15 81 13 13 35.6 -6 11 8.9 0.86 1.60 4.04 120 108 1 23 13 50.5 -6 45 8.7 0.80 1.60 3.40 126 131 61 98 Comets BAA Handbook 2010 individual Comets 81P/Wild (cont) 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% March 5 14 2.2 -6 57 8.6 0.75 1.60 3.12 133 16 77 15 14 10.2 -6 49 8.5 0.71 1.61 2.41 141 132 0 25 14 14.2 -6 24 8.5 0.68 1.63 2.05 150 99 68 April 4 14 14.5 -5 50 8.5 0.67 1.65 1.26 159 45 73 14 14 12.1 -5 15 8.6 0.68 1.67 0.44 168 161 0 24 14 8.4 -4 50 8.8 0.70 1.71 0.01 172 59 75 May 4 14 4.9 -4 42 9.0 0.75 1.74 23.18 165 80 71 14 14 3.0 -4 54 9.3 0.81 1.78 22.37 156 155 0 24 14 3.3 -5 26 9.6 0.89 1.82 21.58 147 21 82 June 3 14 6.2 -6 15 10.0 0.98 1.87 21.21 139 110 68 13 14 11.5 -7 17 10.3 1.09 1.92 20.47 131 123 0 23 14 19.0 -8 29 10.7 1.22 1.97 20.15 124 18 88 July 3 14 28.4 -9 47 11.0 1.35 2.02 19.45 117 135 66 13 14 39.3 -11 7 11.4 1.49 2.08 19.17 110 94 2 23 14 51.6 -12 28 11.7 1.65 2.14 18.50 104 42 92 103P/Hartley 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% August 2 22 28.6 +24 9 12.5 0.69 1.56 1.47 131 44 62 12 22 34.9 +28 25 11.6 0.58 1.47 1.14 133 150 5 22 22 41.6 +32 59 10.6 0.48 1.39 0.41 134 63 94 September 1 22 50.4 +37 52 9.5 0.39 1.31 0.11 134 64 58 11 23 5.2 +43 11 8.4 0.31 1.24 23.46 132 138 9 21 23 34.6 +49 4 7.3 0.24 1.18 23.36 130 59 95 October 1 0 41.1 +55 0 6.2 0.18 1.12 0.03 128 69 52 11 3 2.1 +55 31 5.3 0.14 1.09 1.45 126 146 13 21 5 33.2 +38 42 4.7 0.12 1.06 3.37 121 79 96 31 6 48.9 +15 0 5.0 0.14 1.06 4.13 115 32 45 November 10 7 21.8 -1 0 5.7 0.18 1.07 4.06 113 153 16 20 7 35.5 -10 6 6.5 0.23 1.10 3.40 115 84 97 30 7 38.9 -15 11 7.4 0.28 1.15 3.04 120 58 37 December 10 7 35.5 -17 40 8.3 0.33 1.21 2.22 125 143 18 20 7 28.3 -18 13 9.2 0.39 1.28 1.35 132 59 98 30 7 19.7 -17 16 10.1 0.45 1.35 0.47 138 93 30 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% January 4 5 47.1 +9 37 11.8 1.04 1.98 22.54 159 62 86 14 5 42.9 +10 45 11.8 1.07 1.99 22.10 150 160 1 24 5 41.6 +12 4 12.0 1.13 1.99 21.29 140 47 56

BAA Handbook 2010 Comets 99 individual Comets 2006 W3 (Christensen) 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% February 13 20 4.0 -22 2 11.0 4.64 3.78 10.33 26 15 1 23 20 9.1 -22 59 11.1 4.60 3.83 9.59 35 138 61 March 5 20 13.6 -24 0 11.2 4.53 3.88 9.24 44 77 77 15 20 17.1 -25 7 11.2 4.45 3.94 8.48 54 45 0 25 20 19.6 -26 22 11.3 4.34 3.99 8.11 63 171 68 April 4 20 20.7 -27 48 11.3 4.22 4.05 7.32 73 44 73 14 20 20.1 -29 25 11.4 4.10 4.11 6.53 83 79 0 24 20 17.7 -31 14 11.4 3.98 4.17 6.11 94 142 75 May 4 20 13.0 -33 14 11.4 3.86 4.23 5.27 105 16 71 14 20 5.7 -35 26 11.5 3.75 4.29 4.40 116 117 0 24 19 55.5 -37 44 11.5 3.66 4.35 3.50 127 98 82 June 3 19 42.4 -40 2 11.6 3.60 4.41 2.58 138 38 68 13 19 26.5 -42 14 11.7 3.58 4.47 2.02 148 155 0 23 19 8.2 -44 9 11.8 3.59 4.54 1.05 156 54 88 July 3 18 48.6 -45 42 11.9 3.65 4.60 0.06 157 78 66 13 18 28.8 -46 49 12.0 3.74 4.67 23.07 152 139 2 23 18 10.2 -47 30 12.2 3.87 4.73 22.08 144 23 92 2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) 2010 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon 0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.% January 4 13 53.0 +27 8 8.6 2.28 2.47 7.00 89 58 86 14 14 11.1 +31 4 8.7 2.23 2.52 6.38 95 86 1 24 14 28.2 +35 17 8.8 2.20 2.57 6.16 100 125 56 February 3 14 43.8 +39 38 8.9 2.19 2.62 5.52 105 58 81 13 14 57.6 +44 0 9.0 2.21 2.68 5.26 108 101 1 23 15 8.9 +48 12 9.2 2.24 2.74 4.58 110 102 61 March 5 15 17.3 +52 6 9.4 2.29 2.80 4.27 111 73 77 15 15 22.2 +55 34 9.6 2.37 2.87 3.53 110 105 0 25 15 23.5 +58 31 9.9 2.45 2.94 3.14 109 84 68 April 4 15 21.0 +60 52 10.1 2.55 3.01 2.32 108 89 73 14 15 15.1 +62 34 10.3 2.66 3.08 1.47 105 101 0 24 15 6.8 +63 37 10.6 2.77 3.15 0.59 103 76 75 May 4 14 57.6 +64 1 10.8 2.89 3.22 0.11 100 100 71 14 14 48.6 +63 50 11.1 3.01 3.30 23.22 97 94 0 24 14 41.3 +63 8 11.3 3.14 3.37 22.36 95 77 82 June 3 14 36.3 +62 0 11.5 3.26 3.45 21.51 92 106 68 13 14 33.9 +60 32 11.8 3.39 3.53 21.09 89 85 0 23 14 34.1 +58 49 12.0 3.52 3.61 20.30 87 81 88

100 Comets BAA Handbook 2010 Meteor Diary This diary includes all regular major and some of the more reliable minor streams. Radiant data (UT, Alt.) and twilight data are for observers at the standard latitudes 52°N and 35°S, on the meridian of Greenwich. Moonrise and moonset may be determined from the data on pages 22-25. Where two radiants are given for one shower, the radiant on the same line as the times of twilight has been used for calculating the altitudes. All times are in UT. Normal limits are the dates between which the shower rates are normally greater than 25 per cent of the sporadic rate for the period. Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) is the probable hourly rate for a single experienced observer watching a clear sky with limiting magnitude 6.5 with the shower radiant in the zenith. To a first approximation, the observed hourly rate (OHR) is given by: OHR = ZHR sin a where a is the radiant elevation. Hence high rates cannot be expected if the radiant is low. Sky conditions can alter rates considerably and consequently observers should record the approximate naked eye limiting magnitude in the areas being watched during each observing session. The rates given are the maximum ones, and are only a guide in view of the inherent variability of showers. Twilight here is nautical, starting and ending when the Sun is 12° below the horizon. Telescopic Activity. If a number is given this is an approximate relative telescopic rate (sporadic rate = 1.0). If there is no entry the shower is deficient in faint meteors. However, many of the numbers are speculative. Observations using wide field CCD imaging may help augment telescopic meteor work in the future. Radiant Daily Motion. Where available, these come from Cook (NASA SP-319, pp 185-186, 1973). Meteor radiants are not stationary because of the Earth’s motion around the Sun. They move eastwards about one degree of ecliptic longitude per day. The daily motions should be applied to determine the radiant positions at dates other than maximum. The Geminid radiant position given has been revised on the basis of recent BAA data analysed by S.J. Evans. Special Notes for 2010: Bright moonlight has an adverse effect on visual meteor observing, and within about five days to either side of Full Moon, lunar glare swamps all but the brighter meteors, reducing the efficiency of counts. In 2010, useful observation of several of the major annual meteor showers will be hampered by moonlight: the most active parts of the Quadrantids, Orionids and Leonids are all badly affected. Observation of the Geminids, now the richest shower of the year, will be somewhat restricted before midnight on account of a First Quarter Moon in Pisces. However, visual observers may minimize the effects of moonlight by positioning themselves so that the Moon is behind them and hidden behind a wall or other suitable obstruction. There are, however, still some good observational opportunities, with the Perseids and Taurids particularly well placed. The Perseids are rich in bright meteors, many with persistent trains, and the shower is an excellent photographic target. This year, with New Moon occurring only two days before maximum, both the rise to, and the fall from the peak will be observable under dark skies. From the UK, peak rates may be expected after midnight on August 12/13, but the nights of August 11/12 and 13/14 will also yield very respectable rates. It is also to be hoped that observers will make observations away from the peak nights, as these will be particularly valuable in establishing the overall activity profile of the shower. Taurid meteors may be observed from mid‑October until the end of November. The shower has a double radiant – a northern branch near the Pleiades and a southern to the west of the Hyades. There is a very broad peak covering a 10-day period from about November 2-12, and in 2010 this entire period will be observable under dark skies. Taurid meteors are typically slow moving, and the shower is sometimes rich in comparatively bright events, as in 1998 and 2005. Dark evening skies also prevail during early August, when several showers with radiants below the Square of Pegasus are at their most active. The combined activity of the Delta Aquarids, Iota Aquarids and Alpha Capricornids, together with good background sporadic rates and early Perseids will make watches at this time very worthwhile. As always, observations away from the major shower maxima, and of year-round sporadic activity, are every bit as important to the work of the Association’s Meteor Section as those obtained when high rates are anticipated.

BAA Handbook 2010 Meteor Diary 101 Meteor Diary Meteor Diary

Epoch Radiant Twilight Radiant Twilight Radiant Position Lat. 52 º N Lat. 52 º N Lat. 35 º S Lat. 35 º S

λ ZHR Maximum Daily Tele- Local time of Age of (2000.0) Normal at R.A. Dec Motion Dec scopic Transit Moon Ends Begins UT Alt Ends Begins UT Alt Shower º Maximum Limits Max h m º º R.A. º Activity h Date d h h h º h h h º Notes Quadrantids 283.1 Jan 3d 18h Jan 1-6 80? 15 28 (232) +50 1.5 8.6 Jan 4 18 17.4 6.7 00 21 - - - - Blue and yellow meteors. Diffuse radiant except at 03 40 peak. Strong in 1992. 06 46 Unfavourable. Virginids 022 Apr. 12 Mar-Apr 5 14 04 (211) -09 ? 0.7 Apr. 12 28 20.2 3.8 22 20 18.6 5.4 20 21 The two most prominent of several radiants in Virgo, Apr.7-18 5 13 36 (204) -11 01 29 00 62 active March-April. Slow, long paths. 04 16 04 38 Lyrids 032.3 Apr 22d 16h Apr.19-25 10 18 08 (272) +32 +1.1 0.0 - 4.2 Apr. 22 8 20.6 3.4 21 15 18.4 5.6 01 09 Normally rather moderate activity, but finedisplays in 00 41 03 21 1803, 1922, 1982. 03 66 05 22 Favourable.

η Aquarids 045 May 5 Apr.24- 40 22 20 (335) -01 +0.9 +0.4 - 7.6 May 5 21 21.1 2.8 02 03 18.2 5.7 02 05 Fine southern radiant, poorly seen from the UK. May 20 03 12 04 29 Broad maximum and multiple radiant. Telescopic

06 49 peak λA= 042. α-Scorpiids 038 Apr. 28 Apr.20- 5 16 31 (248) -24 +0.5 -0.19 1.5 2.0 Apr. 28 14 21.4 2.5 22 07 18.1 5.8 20 30 Part of the Scorpius-Sagittarius complex. Several 052 May 13 May 19 16 04 (241) -24 1.6 May 13 29 00 14 00 77 weak radiants. April – July. 02 12 03 57 Ophiuchids 079 Jun. 10 May 19- 5 17 56 (269) -23 - 23.5 Jun. 10 27 22.5 1.5 22 15 17.9 6.1 21 54 Weak activity from several radiants. Best for southern 089 Jun. 20 July 17 20 (260) -20 Jun. 20 8 00 18 00 74 observers. 02 10 03 42 α-Cygnids 118 Jul. 21 Jul.-Aug. 5 21 00 (315) +48 ? 0.9 Jul. 21 9 21.8 2.3 22 62 18.1 6.1 23 03 Weak, apparently stationary radiant producing steady 148 Aug. 21 00 80 01 07 activity throughout northern summer. 02 79 02 06 Capricornids 106 Jul. 8 Jul.-Aug. 5 20 44 (311) -15 - 1.2 Jul. 8 26 22.2 2.1 22 11 18.1 6.1 21 54 Bright yellow-blue meteors. May have three maxima 113 Jul. 15 0.6 Jul. 15 3 00 21 00 64 and multiple radiant. 123 Jul. 26 Jul. 26 14 02 22 03 06 δ-Aquarids 126 Jul. 29 Jul.15- 20 22 36 (339) -17 +0.8 +0.18 1.0 2.2 Jul. 29 17 21.6 2.6 23 09 18.2 6.0 23 44 Fine southern shower with double radiant. 134 Aug. 6 Aug.20 10 23 04 (346) +02 +1.0 +0.2 2.1 Aug. 6 25 01 19 02 72 S component is the richer. Meteors tend to be faint. 03 20 05 49 Piscis 128 Jul. 31 Jul. 5 22 40 (340) -30 ? 2.1 Jul. 31 19 21.5 2.7 00 03 18.3 6.0 23 51 Southern shower in need of observation. Australids 15-Aug. 20 01 07 02 85 02 08 05 53 α-Capricornids 130 Aug. 2 Jul. 5 20 36 (309) -10 +0.9 +0.3 - 23.9 Aug. 2 21 21.4 2.8 22 23 18.3 5.9 23 43 Maxima at 123°, 129°, 137°. Long, slow fireballs are 15-Aug. 20 00 28 02 65 often seen. 02 22 05 41 ι-Aquarids 134 Aug. 6 Jul.-Aug. 8 22 10 (333) -15 +1.07 +0.18 1.0? 1.6 Aug. 6 25 21.2 2.9 22 12 18.3 5.9 22 38 Rich in faint meteors. Double radiant. 22 04 (331) -06 +1.03 +0.13 1.1 00 21 01 68 02 22 04 52 Perseids 139.9 Aug 12d 21h Jul.23- 80 03 04 (046) +58 +1.35 +0.12 0.5 5.7 Aug. 12 2 21.0 3.2 21 27 - - - - Rich shower of fast meteors. High proportion of bright Aug.20 00 44 events leaving persistent trains. Good photographic 03 66 target. Very favourable. Piscids 166 Sep. 9 Sep.-Oct. 10 00 36 (009) +07 ? 1.3 Sep. 9 0 19.7 4.1 21 21 18.7 5.2 21 16 Another multiple-radiant ecliptic complex with low 178 Sep. 21 5 00 24 (006) 00 0.3 Sep. 21 12 00 42 rates. 200 Oct. 13 ? 01 44 (026) +14 0.1 Oct. 13 5 03 41 Orionids 209 Oct. 22 Oct.16-27 25 06 24 (096) +15 +1.23 +0.13 1.0 4.5 Oct. 22 14 18.1 5.4 00 26 19.3 4.2 00 09 Fast meteors, with high proportion of persistent 02 43 02 29 trains. Flat maximum, including several sub-peaks. 04 53 04 40 Unfavourable.

Taurids 222 Nov. 5 Oct.20- 10 03 44 (056) +14 +0.79 +0.15 ? 0.6 Nov .5 28 17.7 5.7 21 33 19.5 3.9 21 19 Slow meteors. Broad peak λA = 219-229. Bright Nov.30 03 44 (056) +22 +0.76 +0.10 0.6 00 51 00 36 events, sometimes abundant, as in 2005. 03 42 03 30 Very favourable. Leonids 235.3 Nov. 18d 00h Nov.15-20 20 10 08 (152) +22 +0.07 -0.42 0.5? 6.4 Nov. 18 11 17.4 6.1 01 23 19.8 3.7 02 05 Very fast meteors. Brighter examples often leave 03 41 03 15 persistent trains. Enhanced activity now unlikely 05 56 04 24 until the late 2020s, but observations still important. Unfavourable. Puppids-Velids 257 Dec. 9 Nov.27-Jan 15 09 00 (135) -48 ? 6.4 Dec.9 3 - - - - 20.2 3.5 23 13 Two of several radiants in Puppis, Vela and Carina 274 Dec. 26 09 20 (140) -65 Dec. 26 20 01 31 from November to January. 03 50 Geminids 262.0 Dec. 14d 06h Dec.7-16 100 07 32 (113) +33 +1.1 -0.07 1.5 1.9 Dec. 14 8 17.2 6.6 21 34 20.2 3.6 23 12 Richest of the annual showers, with slow meteors 00 61 01 22 and a reasonable proportion of bright events in 03 67 03 31 the photographic range. Moon a problem before midnight. Ursids 271 Dec. 22-23 Dec.17-25 10 14 28 (217) +78 +0.88 -0.45 1.0? 8.4 Dec. 22 16 17.3 6.7 22 41 - - - - Under-observed shower which has produced outbursts 02 49 in 1945, 1982 and 1986. 06 61 Unfavourable.

102 Meteor Diary BAA Handbook 2010 Meteor Diary Meteor Diary

Epoch Radiant Twilight Radiant Twilight Radiant Position Lat. 52 º N Lat. 52 º N Lat. 35 º S Lat. 35 º S

BAA Handbook 2010 Meteor Diary 103 Variable Stars Heliocentric Times of Primary Minima

β Persei (Algol) 2m.1 to 3m.4 , Duration 9.6 hours h h h h h h Jan 1 20.1* Feb 2 9.1 Mar 3 1.3* Apr 3 14.2 May 2 6.4 Jun 2 19.4 4 16.9 5 5.9* 5 22.1* 6 11.1 5 3.2* 5 16.2 7 13.7 8 2.7* 8 18.9 9 7.9 8 0.0* 8 13.0 10 10.6 10 23.5* 11 15.7 12 4.7* 10 20.9 11 9.8 13 7.4 13 20.3* 14 12.5 15 1.5* 13 17.7 14 6.7 16 4.2* 16 17.2 17 9.3 17 22.3* 16 14.5 17 3.5 19 1.0* 19 14.0 20 6.2 20 19.1 19 11.3 20 0.3* 21 21.8* 22 10.8 23 3.0* 23 16.0 22 8.1 22 21.1 24 18.6 25 7.6 25 23.8* 26 12.8 25 4.9 25 17.9 27 15.5 28 4.4* 28 20.6* 29 9.6 28 1.8* 28 14.7 30 12.3 31 17.4 30 22.6

Jul 1 11.6 Aug 2 0.5* Sep 2 13.5 Oct 1 5.7* Nov 1 18.7 Dec 3 9.3 4 8.4 4 21.4 5 10.3 4 2.5* 4 15.5 6 4.5* 7 5.2 7 18.2 8 7.2 6 23.3* 7 12.3 9 1.3* 10 2.0 10 15.0 11 4.0* 9 20.1* 10 9.1 11 22.1* 12 22.8 13 11.8 14 0.8* 12 17.0 13 5.9* 14 18.9* 15 19.6 16 8.6 16 21.6* 15 13.8 16 2.8* 17 15.7 18 16.5 19 5.4 19 18.4 18 10.6 18 23.7* 20 12.6 21 13.3 22 2.3* 22 15.2 21 7.4 21 20.4* 23 9.4 24 10.1 24 23.1 25 12.1 24 4.2* 24 17.2 26 6.2* 27 6.9 27 19.9 28 9.6 27 1.0* 27 14.0 29 3.0* 30 3.7 30 16.7 29 21.9* 30 10.8 31 23.8*

λ Tauri 3m.4 to 3m.9, Duration 14.2 hours h h h h h h Jan 1 8.1 Feb 1 23.0* Mar 1 15.2 Apr 2 6.1 May 2 21.0 Jun 3 12.0 5 6.9 5 21.9* 5 14.0 6 5.0 6 19.9 7 10.9 9 5.8* 9 20.8* 9 12.9 10 3.8* 10 18.8 11 9.8 13 4.7* 13 19.6* 13 11.7 14 2.7* 14 17.7 15 8.6 17 3.5* 17 18.5 17 10.6 18 1.6* 18 16.5 19 7.5 21 2.4* 21 17.4 21 9.5 22 0.4* 22 15.4 23 6.1 25 1.3* 25 16.2 25 8.3 25 23.3* 26 14.3 27 5.2 29 0.2* 29 7.2 29 22.2* 30 13.1

Jul 1 4.1 Aug 2 19.1 Sep 3 10.0 Oct 1 2.1* Nov 1 17.1 Dec 3 8.0 6 3.0 6 17.9 7 8.9 5 0.1* 5 16.0 7 6.9 10 1.8* 10 16.8 11 7.8 8 23.9* 9 14.8 11 5.8* 13 0.7* 14 15.7 15 6.6 12 22.7* 13 13.7 15 4.7* 16 23.6* 18 14.5 19 5.5 16 21.6* 17 12.6 19 3.5* 20 22.5 22 13.4 23 4.4* 20 20.5 21 11.4 23 2.4* 24 21.3 26 12.3 27 3.3* 24 19.3 25 10.3 27 1.3* 28 20.2 30 11.2 28 18.2 29 9.2 31 0.1*

104 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2010 Variable Stars

RZ Cassiopeiae 6m.2 to 7m.7, Duration 4.8 hours h h h h h h Jan 1 18.1* Feb 1 19.9* Mar 1 7.7 Apr 1 9.5 May 1 6.7 Jun 1 8.5 2 22.8* 3 0.6* 2 12.4 2 14.2 2 11.4 2 13.2 4 3.4* 4 5.3* 3 17.7 3 18.9 3 16.1 3 17.9 5 8.1 5 10.0 4 21.8* 4 23.6* 4 20.7 4 22.6 6 12.8 6 14.7 6 2.4* 6 4.3* 6 1.4* 6 3.3 7 17.5 7 19.4* 7 7.1 7 9.0 7 6.1 7 7.8 8 22.2* 9 0.0* 8 11.8 8 13.6 8 10.8 8 12.6 10 2.9* 10 4.7* 9 16.5 9 18.3 9 15.5 9 17.3 11 7.6 11 9.4 10 21.2* 10 23.0* 10 20.2 10 22.0 12 12.3 12 14.1 12 1.8* 12 3.7* 12 0.9* 12 2.7 13 16.9* 13 18.8* 13 6.6 13 8.4 13 5.5 13 7.4 14 21.6* 14 23.5* 14 11.2 14 13.1 14 10.2 14 12.1 16 2.3* 16 4.2 15 16.0 15 17.8 15 14.9 15 16.8 17 7.0 17 8.8 16 20.6* 16 22.5* 16 19.6 16 21.4 18 11.7 18 13.5 18 1.3* 18 3.1* 18 0.3* 18 2.1 19 16.4 19 18.2 19 5.8 19 7.8 19 5.0 19 6.8 20 21.1* 20 22.9* 20 10.7 20 12.5 20 9.7 20 11.5 22 1.8* 22 3.6* 21 15.4 21 17.2 21 14.3 21 16.2 23 6.4* 23 8.3 22 20.0* 22 21.9* 22 19.0 22 20.9 24 11.1 24 13.0 24 0.7* 24 2.6* 23 23.7* 24 1.6 25 15.8 25 17.6 25 5.4 25 7.3 25 4.4 25 6.2 26 20.5* 26 22.3* 26 10.1 26 11.9 26 9.1 26 10.9 28 1.2* 28 3.0* 27 14.8 27 16.6 27 13.8 27 15.6 29 5.9* 28 19.5 28 21.3* 28 18.5 28 20.3 30 10.6 30 0.2* 30 2.0* 29 23.1* 30 1.0 31 15.2 31 4.9* 31 3.8

Jul 1 5.7 Aug 1 7.5 Sep 1 9.3 Oct 1 6.5 Nov 1 8.3 Dec 1 5.5* 2 10.4 2 12.2 2 14.0 2 11.2 2 13.0 2 10.2 3 15.0 3 16.9 3 18.7 3 15.6 3 17.7 3 14.8 4 19.7 4 21.6 4 23.4* 4 20.5* 4 22.4* 4 19.6* 6 0.4* 6 2.2* 6 4.1 6 1.2* 6 3.1* 6 0.2* 7 5.1 7 6.9 7 8.8 7 5.9 7 7.8 7 4.9* 8 9.8 8 11.6 8 13.4 8 10.6 8 12.4 8 9.6 9 14.5 9 16.3 9 18.1 9 15.3 9 17.1 9 14.3 10 19.2 10 21.0 10 22.8* 10 20.0* 10 21.8* 10 19.0* 11 23.8* 12 1.7* 12 3.5* 12 0.7* 12 2.5* 11 23.6* 13 4.5 13 6.4 13 8.2 13 5.3 13 7.2 13 4.3* 14 9.2 14 11.0 14 12.9 14 10.0 14 11.9 14 9.0 15 13.9 15 15.7 15 17.6 15 14.7 15 16.6 15 13.7 16 18.6 16 20.4 16 22.3* 16 19.4 16 21.2* 16 18.4 17 23.3 18 1.1* 18 2.9* 18 0.1* 18 1.9* 17 23.1* 19 4.0 19 5.8 19 7.6 19 4.8 19 6.6 19 3.8* 20 8.6 20 10.5 20 12.3 20 9.5 20 11.3 20 8.4 21 13.3 21 15.2 21 17.0 21 14.1 21 15.6 21 13.1 22 18.0 22 19.9 22 21.7* 22 18.8 22 20.7* 22 17.8 23 22.7 24 0.5* 24 2.4* 23 23.5* 24 1.4* 23 22.5* 25 3.4 25 5.2 25 7.1 25 4.2* 25 6.0 25 3.2* 26 8.1 26 9.9 26 11.7 26 8.9 26 10.7 26 7.9 27 12.8 27 14.6 27 16.4 27 13.6 27 15.4 27 12.6 28 17.4 28 19.3 28 21.1* 28 18.3 28 20.1* 28 17.2 29 22.1 30 0.0* 30 1.8* 29 23.0* 30 0.8* 29 21.9* 31 2.8 31 4.6 31 3.6* 31 2.6*

Minima marked with an asterisk (*) are favourable from the British Isles, taking into account the altitude of the variable and the distance of the Sun below the horizon (based on longitude 0° and latitude 52° N).

BAA Handbook 2010 Variable Stars 105 MIRA Stars

Below are given predicted dates of maxima and minima for Mira stars on the programme of the BAA Variable Star Section, together with (usually) the mean visual range, period (P), and fraction of the period taken in rising from minimum (m) to maximum (M) for each star. All dates are only approximate.

Star Range Period (M-m)/P Max. Min. M m d R And 6.9 14.3 409 0.38 Oct. 1 Apr. 28 W And 7.4 13.7 396 0.42 Aug. 4 Feb. 19 RW And 8.7 14.8 430 0.36 Oct. 28 May 26 R Aqr 6.5 10.3 387 0.42 Jan. 4 Aug. 16 R Aql 6.1 11.5 284 0.42 Jun. 3 Feb. 3, Nov. 15 UV Aur* 7.4 10.6 394 0.50 Jan. 19 Aug. 4 V Cam 9.9 15.4 522 0.31 Jun. 24 Jan. 13 X Cam 8.1 12.6 144 0.49 Apr. 18, Sep. 9 Feb. 7, Jun. 30, Nov. 21 SU Cnc* 10.5 [15.4 187 0.43 Apr. 8, Oct. 12 Jan. 17, Jul. 23 U CVn 9.9 14.6 346 0.37 Feb. 24 Sep. 29 RT CVn* 9.9 [15.0 254 0.45 Jan. 19, Sep. 29 Jun. 7 S Cas 9.7 14.8 612 0.43 Nov. 7 Feb. 17 T Cas 7.9 11.9 445 0.56 Jan. 25 Aug. 8 ο Cet 3.4 9.3 332 0.38 Oct. 16 Jun. 12 R Com 8.5 14.2 363 0.38 Sep. 9 Apr. 24 S CrB 7.3 12.9 360 0.35 Sep. 28 May 25 V CrB 7.5 11.0 358 0.41 Jan. 14 Aug. 13 W CrB 8.5 13.5 238 0.45 Aug. 15 Apr. 30, Dec. 24 R Cyg 7.5 13.9 426 0.35 Feb. 11 Nov. 15 S Cyg 10.3 16.0 323 0.50 Aug. 26 Mar. 18 V Cyg 9.1 12.8 421 0.46 May 2 Dec. 15 χ Cyg 5.2 13.4 408 0.41 - Aug. 26 T Dra 9.6 12.3 422 0.44 Aug. 2 Jan. 29 RU Her 8.0 13.7 485 0.43 - Sep. 18 SS Her 9.2 12.4 107 0.48 Feb. 24, Jun. 11, Jan. 3, Apr. 20, Aug. 6, Sep. 27 Nov. 22 R Hya 4.5 9.5 389 0.49 Nov. 27 May 21 SU Lac* 10.3 [15.0 302 0.40 Feb. 26, Dec. 25 Aug. 26 RS Leo* 9.7 [15.5 208 0.31 Jul. 5 May 1, Nov. 25 W Lyn 9.9 15: 295 0.40 Mar. 20 Sep. 13 X Lyn 10.2 15: 321 0.40 Jun. 14 Feb. 6, Dec. 24 X Oph 6.8 8.8 329 0.53 Oct. 24 May 3 U Ori 6.3 12.0 368 0.38 Feb. 23 Oct. 9 R Ser 6.9 13.4 356 0.41 Sep. 22 Apr. 29 T UMa 7.7 12.9 257 0.41 Jun. 19 Mar. 6, Nov. 17

*Extreme range is given. [ = fainter than. : = approximately.

106 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2010 Variable Star of the Year

Epsilon Aurigae Epsilon Aurigae is not the brightest eclipsing binary, nor is it the one with the deepest eclipses. What makes it distinctive is its long period of over 27 years, coupled with the mystery surrounding the nature of the secondary object in the system. The last primary eclipse took place during 1982-84. The years 2009-2011 thus provide a rare opportunity to see Epsilon Aurigae in eclipse.

The primary star in the system is a yellow-white supergiant, whose diameter is comparable in size with that of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. The secondary object is a mystery. It orbits the primary star every 27 years, at a distance similar to that of Neptune from our Sun. These eclipses last for nearly two years – so the object involved must be huge ! Despite this, the spectrum of the primary star remains visible throughout the eclipse. Normally near magnitude 3.0, during these eclipses, the brightness of Epsilon Aurigae dips by nearly 50% (approx 0.7 magnitudes) but, strangely, it sometimes brightens slightly for a few months around the time of mid eclipse.

Little is known about this secondary object. The most commonly accepted theory is that it is a (nearly) opaque dust cloud that is around a billion miles across. The mid eclipse brightening could indicate that this cloud is thinner at its centre. What lies at its centre is a mystery. The more bizarre theories include a black hole, but more likely is the presence of a close binary star system. With technology having advanced considerably since the eclipse of 1982-84, it is hoped that observations over the next few years will resolve these mysteries.

The eclipse was due to start in early August 2009 and will continue until May/June 2011, with “totality” lasting for over a year. Some predictions, based on results from the 1982-84 eclipse, give a start date for totality of 2009 Dec 21 and an end date of 2011 Mar 12. However, because the eclipsing object is not necessarily symmetrical or of fixedsize, there is no guarantee that the duration of totality will be the same as occurred last time. The mid eclipse brightening, if it occurs again, would be during the summer of 2010.

Although Epsilon Aurigae is a naked eye star, you may findit easier to observe it using binoculars, especially when it is low in the sky. At maximum, Epsilon Aurigae is close in brightness to nearby Eta Aurigae, but does sometimes show small semi-regular fluctuations of 0.1-0.2 magnitudes - it is not clear as to whether it is the supergiant star or the secondary object that is responsible for these variations. During totality it is much fainter and more comparable in brightness with Nu Persei. Brightness estimates once a month will usually be sufficient, although more frequent observations may be worthwhile when most of the brightness changes are occurring during the first few and the last few months of the eclipse. Epsilon Aurigae is circumpolar from the UK, but it is rather low in the northern sky from May to July so during these months you will need to make special efforts to obtain brightness estimates and will need to attempt, where feasible, to choose comparison stars that are at a similar altitude.

Eclipses of Epsilon Aurigae don’t happen very often. Don’t miss this one or you’ll have to wait nearly three decades for another chance!

BAA Handbook 2010 Variable Stars 107 e v r u C t h ig L

RIGAE U A

SILON P E

108 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2010 EPSILON AURIGAE Finder Chart

BAA Handbook 2010 Variable Stars 109 Ephemerides of Double Stars

Inspection of the two-point ephemeris will indicate whether a pair is closing, relatively static, or opening up, and whether motion is direct or retrograde. A fast-mover of long period is probably near periastron, while a slow-mover of short period is likely to be near apastron. The orbital elements employed for the computation are those published in the “Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars”, by William I. Hartkopf and Brian D. Mason, U.S. Naval Observatory: http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/orb6.html

2000.0 2010.0 2011.0 Star Name ADS RA Dec. Mags. Period PA Dist. PA Dist. h m ° ′ y ° ″ ° ″ 85 Peg 17175 0 02.2 +27 05 5.8 8.9 26 273.2 0.84 281.8 0.80 OΣ 4 221 0 16.7 +36 29 7.9 9.9 109 90.3 0.20 82.0 0.19 λ Cas 434 0 31.8 +54 31 5.3 5.6 536 218.2 0.13 228.8 0.10 β 395 520 0 37.3 -24 46 6.2 6.6 25 94.2 0.48 99.0 0.58 η Cas 671 0 49.1 +57 49 3.5 7.4 480 321.5 13.19 322.0 13.22

36 And 755 0 55.0 +23 38 6.1 6.5 168 323.4 1.06 324.6 1.08 Howe 4 1223 1 33.7 -12 13 9.2 9.3 146 332.5 0.92 332.3 0.93 Dunlop 5 .. 1 39.8 -56 12 5.8 5.9 484 188.3 11.66 188.1 11.67 Σ 186 1538 1 55.9 +1 51 6.8 6.8 166 66.8 0.85 67.4 0.83 α Psc 1615 2 02.0 +2 46 4.1 5.2 933 264.6 1.77 263.9 1.77

10 Ari 1631 2 03.7 +25 56 5.8 7.9 325 344.1 1.42 344.6 1.44 Σ 228 1709 2 14.0 +47 29 6.6 7.2 144 292.7 0.83 294.0 0.81 h 3494 .. 2 19.8 -35 27 9.0 9.1 352 242.2 2.01 241.6 2.01 ι Cas AB 1860 2 29.1 +67 24 4.6 6.9 620 229.2 2.60 229.0 2.60 Σ 305 2122 2 47.5 +19 22 7.5 8.2 720 306.4 3.72 306.3 3.72

α For 2402 3 12.1 -28 59 4.0 7.2 269 299.9 5.23 300.0 5.26 Σ 367 2416 3 14.0 +0 44 8.1 8.2 790 129.8 1.14 129.4 1.14 7 Tau 2616 3 34.4 +24 28 6.6 6.9 522 353.4 0.73 353.0 0.73 OΣ 65 2799 3 50.3 +25 35 5.7 6.5 61 197.5 0.24 198.7 0.27 40 Eri BC 3093 4 15.3 -7 39 9.5 11.2v 252 333.8 9.16 333.6 9.15

OΣ 77 AB 3082 4 15.9 +31 42 8.0 8.2 188 294.8 0.56 295.8 0.55 Hu 445 3614 5 01.7 +20 50 8.4 9.3 304 136.3 0.43 137.8 0.43 14 Ori 3711 5 07.9 +8 30 5.8 6.7 197 299.6 0.88 297.8 0.89 η Gem 4841 6 14.9 +22 30 3.5v 6.2 474 253.8 1.60 253.6 1.60 OΣ 149 5234 6 36.4 +27 17 7.1 9.0 119 288.0 0.73 287.0 0.73

12 Lyn AB 5400 6 46.2 +59 27 5.4 6.0 908 68.8 1.88 68.4 1.88 14 Lyn 5514 6 53.1 +59 27 6.0 6.5 316 336.4 0.25 339.0 0.25 α Gem 6175 7 34.6 +31 53 1.9 3.0 445 57.1 4.65 56.5 4.72 9 Pup 6420 7 51.8 -13 54 5.6 6.5 23 283.5 0.36 287.1 0.48 ζ Cnc AB 6650 8 12.2 +17 39 5.3 6.2 60 37.8 1.06 34.1 1.07

ζ Cnc AB-C 6650 8 12.2 +17 39 5.1 6.2 1115 68.4 5.92 68.0 5.92 β 208 6914 8 39.1 -22 40 5.4 6.8 123 42.2 0.96 43.4 0.90 I 314 .. 8 39.4 -36 36 6.4 7.9 66 243.4 0.71 243.1 0.73 δ Vel .. 8 44.7 -54 43 2.1 5.1 142 305.1 0.51 295.0 0.45 ε Hya AB-C 6993 8 46.8 +6 25 3.5 6.7 990 304.9 2.89 305.6 2.89

Σ 1338 7307 9 21.0 +38 11 6.7 7.1 303 304.2 1.01 306.0 1.01 ω Leo 7390 9 28.5 +9 03 5.7 7.3 118 102.9 0.74 104.4 0.76 γ Sex 7555 9 52.5 -8 06 5.4 6.4 78 49.6 0.57 48.5 0.57 γ Leo 7724 10 20.0 +19 50 2.4 3.6 510 125.8 4.62 125.9 4.62 β 411 7846 10 36.1 –26 41 6.7 7.8 170 307.4 1.38 307.1 1.38

110 Double Stars BAA Handbook 2010 Ephemerides of Double Stars 2000.0 2010.0 2011.0 Star Name ADS RA Dec. Mags. Period PA Dist. PA Dist. h m ° ′ y ° ″ ° ″ ξ UMa AB 8119 11 18.2 +31 32 4.3 4.8 60 211.2 1.61 203.9 1.61 ι Leo 8148 11 23.9 +10 32 4.1 6.7 186 100.4 1.97 99.4 2.00 BrsO 5 .. 11 24.7 –61 39 7.7 8.8 399 246.7 7.27 247.0 7.32 OΣ 235 8197 11 32.3 +61 05 5.7 7.6 73 21.0 0.80 24.0 0.82 Σ 1639 8539 12 24.4 +25 35 6.7 7.8 575 323.6 1.79 323.5 1.80

β 28 8573 12 30.1 –13 24 6.5 9.6 151 341.7 2.19 342.4 2.19 γ Cen .. 12 41.5 –48 58 2.8 2.9 84 324.3 0.36 315.4 0.28 γ Vir 8630 12 41.7 –1 27 3.5 3.5 169 23.7 1.39 18.5 1.59 35 Com 8695 12 53.3 +21 15 5.2 7.1 359 195.3 1.03 196.4 1.03 I 83 .. 12 56.7 –47 41 7.4 7.7 191 233.1 0.88 233.5 0.88

78 UMa 8739 13 00.7 +56 22 5.0 7.9 106 97.9 1.20 100.1 1.17 A 1609 AB 8901 13 25.8 +44 30 8.8 9.5 44 34.9 0.46 38.1 0.44 25 CVn 8974 13 37.5 +36 18 5.0 7.0 228 96.5 1.73 96.2 1.72 α Cen .. 14 39.6 –60 50 0.1 1.2 80 245.1 6.80 250.5 6.09 ζ Boo 9343 14 41.1 +13 44 4.5 4.6 123 294.0 0.53 293.2 0.50

φ 309 .. 14 46.2 –21 11 7.3 7.3 26 96.0 0.20 109.0 0.24 ξ Boo 9413 14 51.4 +19 06 4.8v 7.0 152 308.4 6.03 307.3 5.96 OΣ 288 9425 14 53.4 +15 42 6.9 7.6 313 161.3 1.08 160.8 1.06 H 4707 .. 14 54.2 –66 25 7.5 8.1 346 273.1 1.07 272.3 1.10 44 Boo 9494 15 03.8 +47 39 5.2 6.1v 206 59.6 1.61 60.5 1.49

η CrB 9617 15 23.2 +30 17 5.6 6.0 42 167.8 0.60 176.6 0.63 γ Lup .. 15 35.1 –41 10 3.0 4.4 190 277.0 0.82 276.9 0.83 π2 UMi 9769 15 39.6 +79 59 7.3 8.2 172 23.2 0.63 22.9 0.63 ξ Sco AB 9909 16 04.4 –11 22 4.9 5.2 46 354.7 0.92 356.8 0.96 σ CrB AB 9979 16 14.7 +33 52 5.6 6.5 889 237.4 7.11 237.5 7.11

λ Oph 10087 16 30.9 +1 59 4.2 5.2 129 37.0 1.45 37.8 1.44 ζ Her 10157 16 41.3 +31 36 3.0 5.4 34 178.1 1.12 169.6 1.13 20 Dra 10279 16 56.4 +65 02 7.1 7.3 422 67.1 1.16 67.0 1.15 MlbO 4 AB .. 17 19.0 –34 59 6.4 7.4 42 188.6 1.39 181.1 1.35 BrsO 13 .. 17 19.1 –46 38 5.6 8.9 693 256.2 9.89 256.4 9.96

26 Dra 10660 17 35.0 +61 53 5.3 8.5 76 317.2 1.05 314.6 0.94 τ Oph 11005 18 03.1 –8 11 5.3 5.9 257 284.8 1.62 285.2 1.61 70 Oph 11046 18 05.5 +2 30 4.2 6.2 88 131.6 5.72 130.4 5.86 h 5014 .. 18 06.8 –43 25 5.6 5.7 450 2.4 1.72 1.9 1.72 OΣ 358 11483 18 35.9 +16 59 6.9 7.1 380 149.2 1.54 148.7 1.53

ε1 Lyr AB 11635 18 44.3 +39 40 5.0 6.1 1804 347.5 2.34 347.2 2.32 ε2 Lyr CD 11635 18 44.4 +39 37 5.2 5.4 724 78.1 2.37 77.7 2.37 γ CrA .. 19 06.4 –37 04 4.5 6.4 122 12.5 1.34 7.7 1.35 δ Cyg 12880 19 45.0 +45 08 2.9 6.3 780 219.9 2.68 219.4 2.69 λ Cyg 14296 20 47.4 +36 29 4.7 6.3 391 2.2 0.91 1.7 0.91

4 Aqr 14360 20 51.4 –5 38 6.4 7.4 194 26.7 0.77 27.5 0.76 ε Equ AB 14499 20 59.1 +4 18 6.0 6.3 101 283.8 0.50 283.6 0.46 τ Cyg 14787 21 14.8 +38 03 3.8 6.6 50 233.9 0.77 227.4 0.79 μ Cyg 15270 21 44.1 +28 45 4.8 6.2 789 316.3 1.66 317.2 1.64 53 Aqr 15934 22 26.6 –16 45 6.3 6.4 3500 38.9 1.32 43.1 1.30

Kr 60 15972 22 28.0 +57 42 9.6 11.4v 45 25.9 1.86 13.2 1.73 ζ Aqr AB 15971 22 28.8 –0 01 4.3 4.5 587 173.4 2.22 172.1 2.25 π Cep 16538 23 07.9 +75 23 4.6 6.8 163 355.4 1.12 356.2 1.12 β 80 16665 23 18.9 +5 24 8.4 9.4 97 227.6 0.52 231.6 0.56 72 Peg 16836 23 34.0 +31 20 5.7 6.1 246 104.0 0.53 104.8 0.53

BAA Handbook 2010 Double Stars 111 Bright Stars FOR EPOCH 2010.5 Name R.A. Dec. Mag. Name R.A. Dec. Mag. h m s º ' " h m s º ' " α And 0 08 56.0 +29 08 54 2.07 α UMa 11 04 22.1 +61 41 38 1.81 β Cas * 0 09 44.7 +59 12 28 2.28 β Leo 11 49 35.7 +14 30 48 2.14 α Cas 0 41 06.6 +56 35 41 2.24 α1 Cru ** 12 27 11.3 -63 09 26 0.77 β Cet 0 44 07.0 -17 55 45 2.04 γ Cru * 12 31 45.2 -57 10 19 1.59 β And 1 10 19.4 +35 40 33 2.07 γ Cen ** 12 42 05.9 -49 01 01 2.20 α Eri 1 38 06.2 -57 11 01 0.45 β Cru * 12 48 20.5 -59 44 45 1.25 γ And 2 04 32.9 +42 22 47 2.10 ε UMa * 12 54 29.3 +55 54 11 1.76 α Ari 2 07 46.1 +23 30 42 2.01 ζ UMa 13 24 20.8 +54 52 15 2.23 α UMi * 2 44 20.2 +89 18 33 1.97 α Vir * 13 25 44.9 -11 12 57 0.98 β Per * 3 08 51.4 +40 59 44 2.09 ε Cen 13 40 33.5 -53 31 10 2.29 α Per 3 25 04.6 +49 53 52 1.79 η UMa 13 47 57.2 +49 15 40 1.85 η Tau 3 48 06.6 +24 08 13 2.85 β Cen * 14 04 34.4 -60 25 23 0.61 α Tau 4 36 31.5 +16 31 47 0.87 θ Cen 14 07 18.2 -36 25 16 2.06 β Ori 5 15 02.6 -8 11 25 0.18 α Boo 14 16 08.4 +19 07 41 -0.05 α Aur * 5 17 28.0 +46 00 28 0.08 η Cen * 14 36 10.7 -42 12 12 2.33 γ Ori 5 25 41.7 +6 21 30 1.64 α Cen cg* 14 40 19.1 -60 52 41 -0.28 β Tau 5 26 57.4 +28 36 55 1.65 α Lup * 14 42 38.0 -47 25 58 2.30 δ Ori* 5 32 32.6 +0 17 32 2.25 ε Boo 14 45 26.7 +27 01 49 2.35 ε Ori 5 36 44.8 -1 11 45 1.69 β UMi 14 50 41.1 +74 06 45 2.07 ζ Ori 5 41 17.3 -1 56 16 1.74 α CrB * 15 35 08.0 +26 40 48 2.22 κ Ori 5 48 15.3 -9 40 00 2.07 δ Sco 16 00 57.4 -22 39 03 2.29 α Ori * 5 55 44.4 +7 24 30 0.45 α Sco * 16 30 03.2 -26 27 16 1.06 β Aur * 6 00 18.0 +44 56 51 1.90 α TrA 16 49 47.1 -69 02 44 1.91 β CMa * 6 23 09.7 -17 57 42 1.98 ε Sco 16 50 50.7 -34 18 41 2.29 α Car 6 24 11.1 -52 42 06 -0.62 λ Sco * 17 34 19.4 -37 06 38 1.62 γ Gem 6 38 19.1 +16 23 22 1.93 α Oph 17 35 25.3 +12 33 11 2.08 α CMa 6 45 36.6 -16 43 52 -1.44 θ Sco 17 38 04.5 -43 00 13 1.86 ε CMa 6 59 02.3 -28 59 13 1.50 γ Dra 17 56 51.0 +51 29 17 2.24 δ CMa 7 08 49.1 -26 24 38 1.83 ε Sgr 18 24 52.1 -34 22 44 1.79 α1 Gem ** 7 35 16.1 +31 51 53 1.58 α Lyr 18 37 17.7 +38 47 38 0.03 α CMi 7 39 51.1 +5 11 51 0.40 σ Sgr 18 55 55.0 -26 16 58 2.05 β Gem 7 45 57.4 +28 00 00 1.16 β Cyg ** 19 31 08.7 +27 58 56 3.08 ζ Pup 8 03 57.2 -40 02 00 2.21 α Aql 19 51 17.7 +8 53 48 0.76 γ Vel 8 09 51.4 -47 22 05 1.75 γ Cyg 20 22 36.3 +40 17 27 2.23 ε Car * 8 22 43.7 -59 32 37 1.86 α Pav 20 26 28.3 -56 42 02 1.94 δ Vel 8 44 59.6 -54 44 49 1.93 α Cyg 20 41 47.4 +45 19 06 1.25 λ Vel * 9 08 23.0 -43 28 31 2.23 α Cep 21 18 49.8 +62 37 49 2.45 β Car 9 13 18.6 -69 45 38 1.67 ε Peg * 21 44 42.1 +9 55 25 2.38 ι Car * 9 17 22.3 -59 19 11 2.21 α Gru 22 08 53.4 -46 54 35 1.73 α Hya 9 28 06.2 -8 42 17 1.99 β Gru ** 22 43 17.4 -46 49 46 2.07 α Leo 10 08 55.8 +11 54 56 1.36 α PsA 22 58 13.7 -29 33 59 1.17 γ Leo ** 10 20 33.0 +19 47 17 2.01 β Peg * 23 04 17.1 +28 08 24 2.44 β UMa 11 02 28.1 +56 19 33 2.34 α Peg 23 05 17.1 +15 15 43 2.49

* = Variable star ** = Double star Note: For double stars the co-ordinates refer to the brighter component but magnitude refers to the centre of light.

112 Bright Stars BAA Handbook 2010 Bright Galaxies

Galaxies suitable for supernova patrolling with telescopes of moderate aperture.

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

No. NGC RA (2000.0) Dec. Const. Type Mag. Size h m s ° ' V ' ' 1 925 2 27 17 +33 35 Tri S(B)c 10.0 9.8 x 6.0 2 2403 7 36 33 +65 37 Cam Sc 8.4 17.8 x 11.0 3 2841 9 22 02 +50 59 UMa Sb 9.3 8.1 x 3.8 4 2903 9 32 10 +21 30 Leo Sb 8.9 12.6x 6.6 5 3184 10 18 17 +41 25 UMa Sc 9.7 6.9 x 6.8

6 3359 10 46 38 +63 13 UMa S(B)c 10.4 6.8 x 4.3 7 3631 11 21 03 +53 10 UMa Sc 10.4 4.6 x 4.4 8 3726 11 33 21 +47 02 UMa Sc 10.4 6.0 x 4.5 9 3893 11 48 36 +48 43 UMa Sc 11.1 4.4 x 2.8 10 3938 11 52 49 +44 07 UMa Sc 10.4 5.4 x 4.9

11 3953 11 53 49 +52 20 UMa Sb 10.1 6.6 x 3.6 12 4088 12 05 34 +50 32 UMa Sc 10.5 5.8 x 2.5 13 4274 12 19 50 +29 37 Com Sb 10.4 6.9 x 2.8 14 4414 12 26 27 +31 13 Com Sc 10.3 3.6 x 2.2 15 4490 12 30 36 +41 39 CVn Sc 9.8 5.9 x 3.1

16 4535 12 34 20 +8 12 Vir S(B)c 9.8 6.8 x 5.0 17 4725 12 50 27 +25 30 Com S(B)b 9.2 11.0 x 7.9 18 5474 14 05 01 +53 40 UMa Sc 10.8 4.5 x 4.2 19 6946 20 34 52 +60 09 Cep Sc 8.9 11.0 x 9.8 20 7331 22 37 04 +34 25 Peg Sb 9.5 10.7 x 4.0

Charts are available from the UK Nova/Supernova Patrol Co-ordinator.

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

No. NGC RA (2000.0) Dec. Const. Type Mag. Size h m s ° ' V ' ' 1 55 0 15 08 -39 13 Scl SB 8.4 32.0 x 5.0 2 253 0 47 33 -25 17 Scl Sc 8.0 27.0 x 7.0 3 300 0 54 54 -37 41 Scl Sd 8.7 22.0 x 15.0 4 1291 3 17 18 -41 06 Eri SBa 9.4 9.8 x 8.0 5 1316 3 22 39 -37 12 For S(B)0 9.4 11.0 x 7.0

6 1350 3 31 08 -33 38 For SBb 11.2 5.0 x 3.0 7 1365 3 33 36 -36 08 For SBb 10.3 11.3 x 6.2 8 1398 3 38 52 -26 20 For S(B)b 10.6 7.0 x 5.0 9 6822 19 44 58 -14 48 Sgr Irr 8.8 16.0 x 10.0 10 7793 23 57 50 -32 35 Scl Sd 9.1 9.0 x 7.0

BAA Handbook 2010 Bright Galaxies 113 Active Galaxies

Object RA (2000.0) Dec. Const. Type Mag.(V)* U.2000† h m ° Chart No. 3C 66A 2 22 +43.0 And BL Lac 14.0 – 16.3 62 NGC 1275 3 20 +41.5 Per Seyfert 13.2 – 13.7 63 3C 120 (BW Tau) 4 33 + 5.4 Tau BL Lac 13.7 – 14.6 178 S5 0716+71 7 22 +71.3 Cam BL Lac 12.3 – 15.3 21 OJ+287 8 54 +20.1 Cnc BL Lac 12.4 – 16.0 142 Markarian 421 11 04 +38.2 UMa BL Lac 12.3 – 14.2 106 NGC 4151 12 10 +39.4 CVn Seyfert 11.0 – 12.4 74 W Comae 12 21 +28.2 Com BL Lac 11.5 – 16.0 148 3C 273 12 26 + 2.3 Vir Quasar 12.3 – 13.3 238 3C 279 12 56 - 5.8 Vir Quasar 11.5 – 17.0 239 BL Lacertae 22 02 +42.3 Lac BL Lac 12.5 – 15.5 87

*Approximate range † Uranometria FINDER CHART FOR 3C 66A

114 Active Galaxies BAA Handbook 2010 1 .. 0.12 0.65 0.15 0.52 0.1 0.37 0.47 0.51 0.41 0.5-0.7 Geo- metric Albedo

.. †† isual -4.4 -2.0 -2.3 +0.0 +0.7 +5.5 +7.8 Mag. Opp'n -12.7 -26.7 V +14.9

0.165 0.378 0.905 1 0.379 2.53 1.065 0.905 1.14 0.059

28 ** = 1

Earth Mean 6 Gravity

fects of rotation.

= 1 olume 1.304 x 10 0.0203 0.0562 0.857 1 0.151 0.0066

Earth 63.1 57.7 Surface V 764 1320

uding the ef

-1

2.38 4.3 1.19 5.03 1.2 elocity km s 1 10.36 59.5 35.5 21.3 23.5 Escape V 617.6

ater

= 1 1.41 3.35 5.43 5.24 5.52 3.93 1.33 0.69 1.27 1.64 1.75 W Density

30 22 23 24 24 23 27 26 25 26

kg Mass 1.8986 x 10 5.6846 x 10 1.9891 x 10

7.3490 x 10 3.3020 x 10 4.8685 x 10 5.9736 x 10 6.4185 x 10 1.0243 x 10 1.25 x 10 8.6832 x 10 and Planets

300 920 565 935 010 415 000 905

047.5 498.2

§ 1 3 19 22 Mass 066 023 408 328 099 871 Sun = 1

Reciprocal

6 3 27 140

n, Moon

‡ ο

3.13 7.25 1.53 0.01 ation Inclin- 26.73 23.44 25.19 28.32 97.77 Su . 177.36 122.53

1 † d Axial

9.925 h Period of Sidereal 10.656 25.380 27.322 58.65 23.934 24.623 16.1 6d.387r 17.24r Rotation 243.0r

708 728 000 472 879 104 714 750 682 390 946 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/fact_notes.html

3 4 6 2 km 12 12 48 49 Polar enus are those at mean greatest elongation. 133 108 392

V 1

, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune refer to the 1 bar level.

18 1

000 476 879 104 756 794 984 536 528 390

3 4 6 2 km 12 12 51 49 392 142 120

1 Equatorial Diameter * http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planetfact.html

The surface gravity given is the equatorial gravitational attraction at of body or 1 bar level, not incl The diameters of Jupiter The inclinations are those of the equators, with respect to ecliptic for Sun and Moon, their orbits planets. These include the mass of satellite system, if any = retrograde The values for Mercury and

The sidereal rotation period refers to System III for Jupiter and Saturn.

enus

Name Sun Moon Mercury V Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Data taken from For definitions of the parameters, see * † ‡ § ** r †† BAA Handbook 2010 Sun, Moon and Planets 115 Planetary Satellites

This list excludes the numerous small satellites of the outer planets discovered since 1999. At the time of going to press, the numbers of known satellites were: Jupiter 62, Saturn 61, Uranus 27, Neptune 13 and Pluto 3. Data on these may be obtained from http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?satellites

Mean Mean Mean Sidereal Inclination Reciprocal Opp’n Planet and Distance Period Eccentricity (2) Diameter(s) Mass Visual Satellite (103 km) (days) (1) ° km (Planet = 1) Mag. EARTH Moon 384.4 27.322 0.055 18.3–28.6 3476 x 3472 81.301 –12.7 MARS I Phobos 9.38 0.319 0.0151 1.08 27 x 22 x 18 11.3 II Deimos 23.46 1.262 0.0005 1.79 15 x 12 x 10 12.4 JUPITER XVI Metis 128 0.295 0.0002 0.06 40 17.5 XV Adrastea 129 0.298 0.0015 0.03 26 x 20 x 16 19.1 V Amalthea 181.4 0.498 0.003 0.40 262 x 146 x 134 14.1 XIV Thebe 221.9 0.675 0.018 0.8 110 x 90 15.7 I Io 421.6 1.769 0.004 0.04 3643 21 260 5.0 II Europa 670.9 3.551 0.010 0.47 3122 39 550 5.3 III Ganymede 1070.4 7.155 0.002 0.21 5262 12 810 4.6 IV Callisto 1882.7 16.689 0.007 0.51 4820 17 650 5.6 XIII Leda 11170 240.92 0.164 27.5 10 20.2 VI Himalia 11460 250.57 0.162 27.6 170 14.8 X Lysithea 11720 259.22 0.112 27.4 24 18.4 VII Elara 11740 259.65 0.217 24.8 80 16.7 XII Anake 21280 629.8r 0.244 148.9 20 18.9 XI Carme 23400 734.2r 0.253 164.9 30 18.0 VIII Pasiphae 23620 743.6r 0.409 151.4 36 17.0 IX Sinope 23940 758.9r 0.250 158.1 28 18.3 SATURN XVIII Pan 133.58 0.575 0.000 0.00 20 20 XV Atlas 137.67 0.602 0.000 0.30 37 x 34 x 27 18 XVI Prometheus 139.35 0.613 0.002 0.00 148 x 100 x 68 16.5 XVII Pandora 141.70 0.629 0.004 0.00 110 x 88 x 62 16 XI Epimetheus 151.42 0.694 0.009 0.34 138 x 110 x 110 15.5 X Janus 151.47 0.695 0.007 0.14 194 x 190 x 154 14.5 I Mimas 185.52 0.942 0.020 1.53 418 x 392 x 382 15 158 930 12.9 II Enceladus 238.02 1.370 0.005 0.00 512 x 494 x 490 8 745 540 11.7 III Tethys 294.66 1.888 0.000 1.86 1072 x 1056 x 1052 906 640 10.2 XIII Telesto 294.66 1.888 0.000 0.00 30 x 25 x 15 18.5 XIV Calypso 294.66 1.888 0.000 0.00 30 x 16 x 16 18.7 IV Dione 377.40 2.737 0.002 0.02 1 120 516 780 10.4 XII Helene 377.40 2.737 0.005 0.00 36 x 32 x 30 18.5 V Rhea 527.04 4.518 0.001 0.35 1 528 246 090 9.7 VI Titan 1221.83 15.945 0.029 0.33 5 150 4 225 8.3 VII Hyperion 1481.1 21.277 0.104 0.43 370 x 280 x 226 28 423 000 14.2 VIII Iapetus 3561.3 79.330 0.028 14.72 1 436 357 520 10.2–11.9 IX Phoebe 12952 550.48r 0.163 175.3 230 x 220 x 210 16.5

116 Planetary Satellites BAA Handbook 2010 Planetary Satellites (continued) Mean Mean Mean Sidereal Inclination Reciprocal Opp’n Planet and Distance Period Eccentricity (2) Diameter(s) Mass Visual Satellite (103 km) (days) (1) ° km (Planet = 1) Mag. SATURN’S RINGS D inner edge 133 800 D outer edge 149 020 C inner edge 149 316 C outer edge 184 000 B inner edge 184 000 B outer edge 235 160 A inner edge 244 340 Encke gap 267 178 Keeler gap 273 060 A outer edge 273 550 F centre 280 360 G inner edge 340 000 G outer edge 350 000 E inner edge 362 000 E outer edge 966 000 URANUS VI Cordelia 49.77. 0.335 0.0003 0.08 40 24.1 VII Ophelia 53.79 0.376 0.0099 0.10 42 23.8 VIII Bianca 59.17 0.435 0.0009 0.19 54 23.0 IX Cressida 61.78 0.464 0.0004 0.01 80 22.2 X Desdemona 62.68 0.474 0.0001 0.11 64 22.5 XI Juliet 64.35 0.493 0.0007 0.07 94 21.5 XII Portia 66.09 0.513 0.0000 0.06 136 21.0 XIII Rosalind 66.94 0.558 0.0001 0.28 72 22.5 XIV Belinda 75.26 0.624 0.0001 0.03 80 22.1 XV Puck 86.01 0.762 0.0001 0.32 162 20.2 V Miranda 129.39 1.413 0.0027 4.22 480 x 468 x 466 1 315 640 16.3 I Ariel 191.02 2.520 0.0034 0.31 1162 x 1156 x 1155 64 320 14.2 II Umbriel 266.30 4.144 0.0050 0.36 1 169 74 220 14.8 III Titania 435.91 8.706 0.0022 0.14 1 578 24 670 13.7 IV Oberon 583.52 13.463 0.0008 0.10 1 523 28 850 13.9 XVI Caliban 7230 579.5r 0.159 140.88 96 22.4 XX Stephano 8002 676.5r 0.230 144.06 20 24.1 XVII Sycorax 12179 1283.4r 0.522 159.40 190 20.8 XVIII Prospero 16418 1992.8r 0.443 151.91 30 23.2 XIX Setebos 17459 2202.3r 0.588 158.17 30 23.3 NEPTUNE III Naiad 48.23 0.294 0.0003 4.74 96 x 60 x 52 24.7 IV Thalassa 50.08 0.311 0.0002 0.21 108 x 100 x 52 23.8 V Despina 52.53 0.335 0.0001 0.07 180 x 148 x 128 22.6 VI Galatea 61.95 0.429 0.0001 0.05 204 x 184 x 144 22.3 VII Larissa 73.55 0.555 0.0014 0.20 216 x 204 x 168 22.0 VIII Proteus 117.65 1.122 0.0004 0.04 440 x 416 x 404 20.3 I Triton 354.76 5.877 0.000016 157.35 2707 4 786 13.5 II Nereid 5513.4 360.136 0.7512 7.23 340 3 414 330 18.7 PLUTO I Charon 19.6 6.387 0.0 0.0 1186 7.72 17.3 Data taken from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planetfact.html For definitions of the parameters, seehttp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/factnotes.html (1) The elements, in particular the eccentricities, of the satellite orbits are all subject to considerable variations. The orbits of the outer satellites of Jupiter are not even approximately elliptical owing to severe solar perturbations; the eccentricity of the orbit of Jupiter VIII, for example, varies between 0.16 and 0.66. (2) Orbital inclinations are with respect to the planet’s equator. r = retrograde. BAA Handbook 2010 Planetary Satellites 117 Radio Time Signals

The radio signals listed below may be of use to observers. The stations transmit Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The transmissions also carry a coded correction so that it is possible to convert UTC to UT1. However, observers should always report their observations in UTC.

Station Call Sign Transmission Times of Trans- Details of Signal (Country) Frequencies mission (kHz) Mainflingen DCF77 77.5 continuous Second marker 100ms (59s omitted); minute (Germany) marker 500ms.

Prangins HBG 75 continuous Markers interruption of carrier wave. Second (Switzerland) marker 10ms; minute marker double pulse; hour marker triple pulse. Moscow RWM 4996 continuous Except 08 & 38m past hr. (Russia) 9996 continuous Morse ID at 09 & 39m. 14996 continuous Fort Collins WWV 2500 continuous Second marker 5ms pulse (29s and 59s omit- (U.S.A.) 5000 ted); minute marker 800ms pulse male voice 10000 announcement 52s-60s. 15000 20000

Kauai WWVH 2500 continuous Second marker 5ms pulse (29s and 59s omit- (Hawaii) 5000 ted); minute marker 800ms pulse female voice 10000 announcement 45s-52.5s. 15000 20000

Ottawa CHU 3330 continuous Second marker 01s-28s, 30s-50s; minute (Canada) 7850 marker 500ms pulse; 51s-59s. Long hour 14670 marker. Puncheng BPM 5000 continuous Second marker 10 ms; minute marker con- (China) 10000 continuous tinuous 30 ms. Call sign in Morse and voice at 15000 0100-0900 29-30m and 59-60m. UTC time signals given Z transmission out at 00-10, 15-25, 30-40, 45 -55m. Chung-Li BSF 5000 continuous Second marker 5ms; minute marker 300ms. (Taiwan) 15000 except 35-40 m Taejon HLA 5000 continuous Second marker 20ms, minute marker Mon.- (South Korea) Fri. 800ms at 1000Hz tone; hour marker 800ms at 1500Hz tone; voice announcement at 52s. Nazaki JG2AS/ 40 continuous Second marker 500ms; 59th second 200-ms (Japan) JJF-2 interruption of carrier wave; Morse call sign at 15 and 45m. Buenos Aires LOL1 5000 1700-1800 Morse ID; voice 04, 09. Then every 5m past (Argentina) 10000 2000-2100 hour. 2300-2400

Caracas YVTO 5000 continuous Second marker 100ms pulse voice announce- (Venezuela) ment of time every minute; minute marker 500ms pulse 30s marker omitted.

118 Radio Time Signals BAA Handbook 2010 Internet resources

The following internet resources may be of interest to Handbook users. Mention here does not imply that the BAA sanctions the contents of these web pages.W eb addresses can change and sites may not always be available. BAA Section home pages can be accessed from the BAA home page (see back cover). If you have difficulty accessing websites which ignore the www. prefix, then use the prefix http:// For example http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod

IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (main page) www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/cbat.html

The Astronomer (main page) www.theastronomer.org

Astronomical data and catalogues Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/CDS.html National Space Science Data Center (USA) nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov Astronomical Data Archives Center (Japan) dbc.nao.ac.jp

The Sun, eclipses and space weather SOHO web site sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov Solar Terrestrial Dispatch www.spacew.com Aurorae www.swpc.noaa.gov/Aurora/ Space Weather Prediction Center www.swpc.noaa.gov/index.html Space Weather www.spaceweather.com NASA Eclipse Home Page eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html Summary of eclipse-related material http://eclipse.im

Comet and meteor information Latest IAU comet ephemerides www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/Ephemerides/Comets Comets cometography.com Meteors meteorshowersonline.com International Meteor Organisation www.imo.net

Minor planets (asteroids) Lowell Observatory asteroid.lowell.edu Solar System Dynamics on-line Tools ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?tools Near Earth Object Confirmation page www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/NEO/ToConfirm.html IAU Minor Planet Centre www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/mpc.html

Variable star information AAVSO www.aavso.org

Recent Supernovae www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/RecentSupernovae.html

Artificial satellite visibility Heavens Above www.heavens-above.com

Atmospheric phenomena www.atoptics.co.uk

BAA Handbook 2010 Internet Resources 119 Internet resources (continued)

Equipment reviews Todd Gross Home page www.weatherman.com

Astronomical and space news Astronomy Now www.astronomynow.com Sky and Telescope www.skyandtelescope.com ESO www.eso.org/public/outreach Space.com www.space.com NASA science.nasa.gov ESA www.esa.int

Links dir.yahoo.com/science/astronomy

Astronomy Picture of the Day antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod Conversion Formulae

Equations for converting hour angle and declination to azimuth and altitude, and vice versa, where φ = latitude, A = azimuth, a = altitude, h = hour angle, δ = declination. cos a sin A = – cos δ sin h cos a cos A = sin δ cos φ – cos δ sin φ cos h sin a = sin δ sin φ + cos δ cos φ cos h cos δ sin h = – cos a sin A cos δ cos h = sin a cos φ – cos a sin φ cos A sin δ = sin a sin φ + cos a cos φ cos A

TELESCOPE DATA

Resolving power (Rayleigh limit) = 138/D arc seconds

Resolving power (Dawes limit) = 116/D arc seconds

Theoretical visual limiting magnitude (optical system 100% efficient) = 2 + 5 log10D In practice, it is likely that the constant 2 in the above equation could be replaced by a value between 3 and 4, particularly when higher magnifications are used. (where D = diameter of aperture in millimetres) Greek Alphabet

α alpha β beta γ gamma δ delta ε epsilon ζ zeta η eta θ theta ι iota κ kappa λ lamda μ mu ν nu ξ xi ο omicron π pi ρ rho σ sigma τ tau υ upsilon φ phi χ chi ψ psi ω omega

120 Internet Resources and Other Data BAA Handbook 2010 Astronomical and Physical Constants Gaussian gravitational constant 0.01720209895 Astronomical unit (au) 149,597,871 km Speed of light in vacuo 299,792.458 km s-1 Dynamical form-factor J2 for the Earth 0.001082636 Product of gravitational constant and mass of the Earth 398,600.5 km3s-2 Earth-Moon mass ratio 81.3006 Moon’s sidereal mean motion 2.661699489x10-6 radians s-1 = 0".5490149294 s-1 Obliquity of the ecliptic (2000) 23° 26' 21".448 Constant of nutation in obliquity (2000) 9".2052331 Solar parallax 8".794143 Light-time for unit distance 499.004784 s = 0.005775518 d Constant of aberration 20".49551 Mean distance Earth to Moon 384,400 km Constant of sine Moon’s parallax 3422".451 Lunar inequality 6".43987 Parallactic inequality 124".986 Length of the year: Tropical (equinox to equinox) 365d.24219 Sidereal (fixed star to fixed star) 365d.25636 Anomalistic (apse to apse) 365d.25964 Eclipse (Moon’s node to Moon’s node) 346d.62003 Gaussian (Kepler’s law for a = 1) 365d.25690 Length of the month: Tropical (equinox to equinox) 27d.32158 Sidereal (fixed star to fixed star) 27d.32166 Anomalistic (apse to apse) 27d.55455 Draconic (node to node) 27d.21222 Synodic (New Moon to New Moon) 29d.53059 Length of the day: Mean solar day 24h 03m 56s.555 = 1d.00273791 mean sidereal time Mean sidereal day 23h 56m 04s.091 = 0d.99726957 mean solar time Sidereal rotation period of the Earth 23h 56m 04s.099 = 0d.99726966 mean solar time Solar radiation: Solar constant 1.39 x 103 J m-2s-1 Radiation emitted 3.90 x 1026 J s-1 Radiation emittance at surface. 6.41 x 107 J m-2s-1 Total internal radiant energy 2.8 x 1040 J Radiation emitted per unit mass 1.96 x 10-4 J s-1 kg-1 Visual absolute magnitude (Mv) +4.79 Colour indices (B-V, U-B) +0.62, +0.10 Spectral type G2V Effective temperature 5,800 K

BAA Handbook 2010 Astronomical and Physical Constants 121 Astronomical and Physical Constants The Galaxy: Pole of galactic plane (1950) 12h 49m.0, δ +27° 24' Point of zero longitude (1950) 17h 42m.4, δ -28° 55' Galactic Longitude of North Celestial Pole 123°.00 Mass 1.1 x 1011 solar masses = 2.2 x 1041 kg Average density 0.1 solar mass pc-3 = 7 x 10-21 kg m-3 Diameter 25,000 pc Thickness 4,000 pc Distance of Sun from centre 8,200 pc Distance of Sun above galactic plane 8 pc Solar apex (1950) (from bright stars) α 18h 06m , δ + 30° Solar motion (from bright stars) 20.0 km s-1 Period of revolution of Sun about centre 2.2 x 108yr Conversion factors: Light-year (ly) 9.4607 x 1012km = 63,240 au = 0.30660 pc Parsec (pc) 30.857 x 1012km = 206,265 au = 3.2616 ly Figure of the Earth: Equatorial radius 6,378,136.6 m Polar radius 6,356,751.9 m Flattening 0.0033528197 * ρ sin φ' = S sin φ, ρ cos φ' = C cos φ where: S = 0.99497418 - 0.00167082 cos 2φ +10-8 (210 cos 4φ + 15.7 h) C = 1.00167997 - 0.00168208 cos 2φ +10-8 (212 cos 4φ + 15.7 h) ρ = 0.99832707 + 0.00167644 cos 2φ -10-8 (352 cos 4φ - 15.7 h) + 10-8 cos 6φ tan φ' = 0.9933054 + (0.11 x 10-8 h)) tan φ φ - φ' = 692".74 sin 2φ - 1".16 sin 4φ 1° of latitude = [111.1333 - 0.5598 cos 2 φ + 0.0012 cos 4φ] km 1° of longitude = [111.4133 cos φ - 0.0935 cos 3 φ + 0.0001 cos 5φ] km Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.780310 [1 + 0.00530239 sin2φ - 0.00000587 sin2 2φ - (31.55 x 10-8) h] m s-2 Length of seconds pendulum l = [0.9935769 - 0.0026272 cos 2φ + 0.0000029 cos 4φ - (3133 x 10-10) h] m Constant of gravitation 6.67428 x 10-11kg-1m3s-2 Centennial general precession p = 5028".796195 + 2".2108696 T† ______* φ = Geographic or geodetic latitude ρ = Geocentric distance in equatorial radii φ' = Geocentric latitude h = Height in metres † T = Time measured in Julian centuries from J2000.0

122 Astronomical and Physical Constants BAA Handbook 2010 Miscellaneous Data

π 3.141 592 653 6 e 2.718 281 828 5 1 radian 57°.295 779 513 1 3437'.746 770 78 206264".806 25 1° 0.017 453 292 5 radian 1' 0.000 290 888 2 1" 0.000 004 848 137 1 revolution = 360° = 1,296,000" = 24h = 86,400s 1 sphere = 12.5664 steradians = 41,253 square degrees 1 Julian year = 365.25 days = 31,557,600 seconds Approximate annual precession in RA = 3s.0730+1s.3362 sin α tan δ Approximate annual precession in Dec. = 20".043 cos α

BAA Handbook 2010 Miscellaneous Data 123 ErratA Handbook 2009 p.7. Amend 1 3 10 Meteors - Quadrantids to 1 3 12; amend 8 12 13 Meteors - Perseids to 8 12 15; and amend 12 13 20 Meteors - Geminids to 12 14 00 p.8. In the table for Δh, delete 0° under Dec. replace S20° by 0°, replace S25° by S20°, and replace the first occurrence of S30° by S25° p.18 and 19. Headings for the last two columns should be B0 and L0 p.20. Add June 23 11 33 22 at bottom of first column under Lunar perigee p.39 and 40. Delete " under Mag. and add " under Diam. p.58, line 2. 2008 should be 2009 p.78. Line for “Jupiter in Opposition to the Sun: 2009 August 14d 18h” should be moved to above the line for Aug 16. Headings to table after this should be:

Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE [A replacement page for p.78 was distributed with the 2008 December BAA Journal] p.79 - 82. Headings to tables should be:

Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE p.98, line 5. dY should be ΔY p.112, for 2006 W3 (Christensen), Sept 16. Figures from +6 need moving one column to the left. The “10” on the start of the next line then falls under the column for “Moon Ph.%” p.113, for 2007 N3 (Lulin), February 18. Figures from -6 need moving one column to the left. The “40” on the start of the next line then falls under the column for “Moon Ph.%” p.115, line 3. pages xx-xx should be pages 22-25ERRATA (cont. p.118. For β Persei delete data for Jun 31. For λ Tauri delete data for 30 Dec and replace by 32 8.5 p.119. Jan 17d 19.0h should read Jan 17d 17.8h Jan 31d 15.6h should be removed Mar 1d 18.8h should read Mar 1d 18.5h Mar 20d 3.6h should read Mar 20d 21.5h Mar 21d 21.5h should be removed Mar 31d 15.6h should be added Jun 30d 16.5h should read Jun 30d 11.8h p.124. κ Ari should be 10 Ari; η Tau should be 7 Tau; ξ Ori should be 14 Ori; μ Lyn AB should be 12 Lyn AB; ξ Lyn should be 14 Lyn, ι Pup should be 9 Pup p.125. δ Aqr should be 4 Aqr p.127. Delete " under Dec. and replace by ' in headings for both Northern and Southern hemisphere p.128. For Active Galaxies move all headings across one column to the right p.135. Radio time signal transmission frequency for Ottawa, Canada (CHU) changed from 7335 to 7850 kHz starting 2009 Jan 1 p.138. Galactic mass should be 1.1 x 1011 (not 1011) The page for calculating the times of Moonrise and Moonset was inadvertently missed from the printed copy, but can be obtained from the BAA Office. This page should be inserted between pages 21 and 22.

124 Errata BAA Handbook 2010 BAA Handbook 2010 Notes 125 126 Notes BAA Handbook 2010 BAA Handbook 2010 Notes 127 128 Notes BAA Handbook 2010 The British Astronomical Association

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