IUCN PUBLICATION NEW SERIES Supplementary Paper N o.30 LANDSCAPE PLANNING Paper s pr esented at the INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENGINEERING AND BIOLOGY IN IMPROVING CULTURAL LANDSCAPE held in Brno, Czechoslovakia, 9 —12 June, 1970 1948 Published with the assistance of the BRNO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, BRNO, CZECHOSLOVAKIA International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Morges, Switzerland 1971 IUCN PUBLICATION NEW SERIES Supplementary Paper N o.30 LANDSCAPE PLANNING Papers presented at the INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENGINEERING AND BIOLOGY IN IMPROVING CULTURAL LANDSCAPE held in Brno, Czechoslovakia, 9—12 June, 1970 1948 Published with the assistance of the BRNO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, BRNO, CZECHOSLOVAKIA International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Morges, Switzerland 1971 International Symposium of the Brno University of Agriculture "The Relationship between Engineering and Biology in Improving Cultural Landscape" Publisher: Brno University of Agricultureˆ , Brno, Czechoslovakia Editor-in-chief: Professor Dr Josef Zák ˆ Executive editor: Professor Dr Vlastimil Vanícek Editor, IUCN technical publications: Sir Hugh F.I. Elliott Date of printing: 1971 Total number of copies: 1200 (for IUCN 1000) The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) was founded in 1948 and has its headquerters in Morges, Switzerland; it. is an independent international body whose membership comprisea states, irres- pective of their political and social systems, government departments and pri- vate institutions as well as international organizations. It represents those who are concerned at man's modification of the natural environment through the rapidity of urban and industrial development and the excessive exploitation of the earth's natural resources, upon which rest the foundations of his survival. IUCN's main purpose is to promote or support action which will ensure the per- petuation of wild nature and natural resources on s world-wide basis, not only for their intrinsic cultural or scientific values but. also for the long-term economic and social welfare of mankind. This objective can be achieved through active conservation programmes for the wise use of natural resources in areas where the flora and fauna are of particular importance and where the landscape is especially beautiful or striking, or of historical, cultural or scientific significance. IUCN believes that its aima can De achieved most effectively by international effort in co- opei-etjon with other international agencies such as UNESCO and FAO. The World wildlife Fund (WWF) is an international charitable foundation for saving the world's wildlife and wild places. It was established in 1961 under Swiss law and has headquarters near those of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Its aim is to support the conservation of nature in all its forms (landscapa, soil, water, flora and fauna) by raising funds and allocating them to projects, by publicity and by education of the general public and young people in particular. For all these activities it takes scientific and technical advice from IUCN. Although WWF may occasionally conduct its own field operations, it tries as much as possible to work through competent specialists or local organizations. Among WWF projects financial support for IUCN and for the International Council for Bird Preservation (ICBP) have highest priority, in order to enable these bodies to build up the vital scientific end technical basis for world conservation and specific projects. Other projects cover a very wide range, from education, ecological studies and surveys to the establishment and management of areas as national parks and reserves and emergency programmes for the safe- guarding of animal and plant species threatened with extinction. WWF's fund-raising and publicity activities are mainly carried out by National Appeals in a number of countries, and its international governing body is made up of prominent personalities in many fields. THE BRNO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA SYMPOSIUM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENGINEERING AND BIOLOGY IN IMPROVING CULTURAL LANDCSAPE The Conference was organized in cooperation with The Czechoslovak Agricultural Academy and The Czech Scientific and Engineering Society ˆ at the Castle of Zidlochovice near BRNO, from 8 to 12 June 1970 on the occasion of the 1970 annual meeting of the IUCN's LANDSCAPE PLANNING COMMISSION Report published with the assistance of the BRNO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, BRNO, CZECHOSLOVAKIA for the INTERNATIONAL UNION for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Morges, Switzerland, 1971 Contents 1. The Landscape Planning Commission of IUCN 5 2. LPC Membership 7 ˆ 3. Preface by V.Vanícek 9 4. Introductory address to the Symposium by R.J.Benthem 11 5. Papers presented at the Symposium - R.J.Benthem: "Coastal engineering and landscape planning in the Netherlands Delta Project" 13 L.K. Caldwell: "The engineer and the human environment" 23 S.Crowe: " A multi-purpose reservoir" 31 D.W.Goode: "Highways and amenity" 39 B.Hackett: "Sources of water supply and the landscape" 45 D.Harper and F.Oehmichen: "The relationship between landscape planning, biology and engineering in maintaining landscape quality" 51 A. de Lima Machado, F.M.Chacel and L.E. de Mello Filho: "Landscape treatment of three dams along the Grande River" 59 ˆ V.Vanícek: "The aesthetic value of vegetation in relation to landscape engineering" 67 C.J.Vyle: "Amelioration of landscape despoiled by industrial waste" 73 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES THE LANDSCAPE PLANNING COMMISSION OF IUCN Definition of Landscape Planning Landscape planning is a continuing process that strives to make the best use for mankind od the limited area of the earth's surface while conserving its productivity and beauty. Its aim is to reconcile the needs of competing land uses and to incorpora- te them into a landscape in which man's civilizations can prosper without de- stroying the natural and cultural resources on which societies are founded. Based on an understanding of the nature and potential of landscape, it en- deavours to conserve and create the widest diversity, which implies a landscape capable of multiple use; in a way, it is creative conservation, since it may involve deliberate modification of existing landscapes. The basis of landscape planning is survey and analysis. They are as impor- tant a component of basic planning as the more widely recognized methods used in economic and social development. Data on the physical features of the land are recorded and their interaction or interdependence are assessed. Various spe- cialists concerned with climate, water resources, geology and soils, topography, the living content of the landscape, scenic qualities and visual landscape cha- racteristics, features of special scientific or cultural significance, as well as the effect on all these of human interventions, are involved in this compil- ation. Survey and analysis should always precede the design process. This approach is essential if development, management and maintenance of a landscape are to be guided to create a healthy environment and viable landscapes in which the long-term interests of mankind always prevail and in which a choice of further development is left for future generations. Purpose and Scope of the Landscape Planning Commission Purpose and objective Within the framework of IUCN's main objectives, and in cooperation with its other Commissions, the Union's policy and action programmes in the fields of landscape planning and management are guided by the Landscape Planning Commission. – 5 – The aim of the Landscape Planning Commission is to promote, and maintain an optimum relationship between the landscape as a resource and the human activities planned therein, in order to achieve the best possible long-term social and eco- nomic benefits for man, as well an ecologically balanced, diversified landscape as a healthy environment for man and other forms of life. Scope The Landscape Planning Commission participates in the following programmes of IUCN through projects undertaken by the Secretariat, often in cooperation with other IUCN Commissions, as well as other organizations, both govermental or private: 1. Research - conducting scientific studies on particular problems related to the planning, use and assessment of the landscape and its resources, to establish guiding principles and the scientific background on which action programmes can be based. 2. Information - gathering, assessing and disseminating information rela- ted to the principles and practice of planned land use on an ecological and rational basis, including development, management, reclamation and maitenance. 3. Monitoring - bringing to the attention of the proper agency or authority any situation where the lack of proper land planning and/or management is leading to the deterioration or destruction of the quality of the re- source and/or endangering human life and welfare. 4. Education - developing and assisting the establishment of public and professional educational programmes that will ensure the training of experts in this field and result in a better understanding of the pur- pose and scope of the Commission. 5. Promotion - promoting and actively supporting, in cooperation with other organizations - a) The integration of landscape planning on an ecological