Major Trends in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics Volume 3 Versita Discipline: Language, Literature
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Narratives of Educational and Social Endeavour W RIGHT EDITED by HAZEL R
Discourses We Live By Narratives of Educational and Social Endeavour W RIGHT EDITED BY HAZEL R. WRIGHT AND MARIANNE HØYEN Discourses We Live By AND What are the infl uences that govern how people view their worlds? What are the embedded Narratives of Educational values and prac� ces that underpin the ways people think and act? H ØYEN and Social Endeavour Discourses We Live By approaches these ques� ons through narra� ve research, in a process that uses words, images, ac� vi� es or artefacts to ask people – either individually or collec� vely within social groupings – to examine, discuss, portray or otherwise make public their place in the world, their sense of belonging to (and iden� ty within) the physical and cultural space they inhabit. DITED BY AZEL RIGHT E H R. W This book is a rich and mul� faceted collec� on of twenty-eight chapters that use varied lenses to examine the discourses that shape people’s lives. The contributors are themselves from many AND MARIANNE HØYEN backgrounds – diff erent academic disciplines within the humani� es and social sciences, diverse professional prac� ces and a range of countries and cultures. They represent a broad spectrum of age, status and outlook, and variously apply their research methods – but share a common interest in people, their lives, thoughts and ac� ons. Gathering such eclec� c experiences as those of student-teachers in Kenya, a released prisoner in Denmark, academics in Colombia, a group of migrants learning English, and gambling addic� on support-workers in Italy, alongside D more mainstream educa� onal themes, the book presents a fascina� ng array of insights. -
Dialectology
CTIA01 08/12/1998 12:34 PM Page iii DIALECTOLOGY J. K. CHAMBERS AND PETER TRUDGILL SECOND EDITION CTIA01 08/12/1998 12:34 PM Page iv published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge cb2 1rp, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011–4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Cambridge University Press 1980 © Jack Chambers and Peter Trudgill 1998 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1980 Reprinted 1984 1986 1988 1990 1993 1994 Second edition 1998 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Times 9/13 [gc] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library First edition isbn 0 521 22401 2 hardback isbn 0 521 29473 8 paperback Second edition isbn 0 521 59378 6 hardback isbn 0 521 59646 7 paperback CTIA01 08/12/1998 12:34 PM Page v CONTENTS Maps page ix Figures xi Tables xii Preface to the second edition xiii The international phonetic alphabet xiv background 1 Dialect and language 3 1.1 Mutual intelligibility 3 1.2 Language, dialect and accent 4 1.3 Geographical dialect continua 5 1.4 Social dialect continua 7 1.5 Autonomy and heteronomy 9 1.6 Discreteness and continuity 12 Further information 12 2 Dialect -
On Dialect Continuum
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Osijek Sveučilište J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Preddiplomski studij engleskog jezika i književnosti i njemačkog jezika i književnosti Stana Pavić On Dialect Continuum Završni rad doc. dr. sc. Gabrijela Buljan Osijek, 2011. 1. Summary and key-words This paper deals with the issue of dialect continuum, which is a range of dialects spoken in some geographical area that are only slightly different between neighbouring areas. A dialect is not superior to another one, and certain dialects are considered languages mostly because of historical, political, and geographical reasons. We cannot discuss dialect continuum without mentioning the cumulative, Levenshtein, geographic, and phonological distances. Those are “tools” used to study and explore dialect. Lines marking the boundaries between two regions which differ with respect to some linguistic feature are called isoglosses, and they can cause a number of problems because they are not always “perfect”, they do not always coincide. Certain political and cultural factors created boundaries between different varieties of a dialect because a shared language is seen as something very important in the shared culture and economy, and a distinct language is important in demarcation one state of another. Some of the most important dialect continua in Europe are the Western Romance, the West Germanic, and the North Slavic dialect continuum. Also the 27 Dutch dialects that lie on a straight line are a good example of how a dialect continuum looks like. -
Dialectology
DIALECTOLOGY J. K. CHAMBERS AND PETER TRUDGILL SECOND EDITION 1 Dialect and language Dialectology, obviously, is the study of dialect and dialects. But what exactly is a dialect? In common usage, of course, a dialect is a substandard, low-status, often rustic form of language, generally associated with the peasantry, the working class, or other groups lacking in prestige. dialect is also a term which is often applied to forms of lan- guage, particularly those spoken in more isolated parts of the world, which have no written form. And dialects are also often regarded as some kind of (often erroneous) deviation from a norm – as aberrations of a correct or standard form of language. In this book we shall not be adopting any of these points of view. We will, on the contrary, accept the notion that all speakers are speakers of at least one dialect – that standard English, for example, is just as much a dialect as any other form of English – and that it does not make any kind of sense to suppose that any one dialect is in any way linguistically superior to any other. 1.1 Mutual intelligibility It is very often useful to regard dialects as dialects of a language. Dialects, that is, can be regarded as subdivisions of a particular language. In this way we may talk of the Parisian dialect of French, the Lancashire dialect of English, the Bavarian dialect of German, and so on. This distinction, however, presents us with a number of difficulties. In particular, we are faced with the problem of how we can distinguish between a language and a dialect, and the related problem of how we can decide what a language is. -
Varietiesofenglish.Pdf
Variety studies In present-day linguistics the term variety is used to refer to any variant of a language which can be sufficiently delimited from another variant. The grounds for such differentiation may be social, historical, spatial or a combination of these. The necessity for a neutral term such as variety arose from the loaded use of the term dialect: this was not only used in the neutral sense of a regionally bound form of a language, but also with the implication that the linguistically most interesting varieties of a language are those spoken by the older rural population. This view is understandable given the origin of dialectology in the nineteenth century, that is in the heyday of historical linguistics. Nowadays, sociolinguistic attitudes are prevalent and the need for a term which can include the investigation of the urban population of a language from a social point of view became evident. The neutrality of the term variety must be stressed. It simply refers to a distinguishable variant of a language. This means that there are a large number of varieties of any given language, indeed the number is theoretically infinite. The sole criterion to be fulfilled by a particular variety is delimitation vis à vis other varieties. Dialects within a variety framework are frequently referred to as regional varieties and sociolects as social varieties, though the label dialect can be retained if used objectively. The notion of ‘dialect’ 1) Dialect Strictly speaking the term dialect refers to a geographical variant of a language. However, it is used loosely, not only by non-linguists, to talk about any variety of language. -
A PRELIMINARY SURVEY of the REGIONAL ENGLISH of SASKATCHEWAN BASED on a STUDY of SOME ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS a Thesis
A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE REGIONAL ENGLISH OF SASKATCHEWAN BASED ON A STUDY OF SOME ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fullftlment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of English University of Saskatchewan by Soheil Ahmed Saskatoon, Saskatchewan June 1989 The author claims copyright. Use shall not be made of the material contained herein without proper acknowledgement, as indicated on the copyright page. b02.0006f~950 COPYRIGHT In presenting this thesis in partial fulftllment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis, or in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is un derstood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain is prohibited without my written permission. It is also understood that due recog nition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for pennission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of English University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OWO ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. -
An Introduction to Modern Scots
An Introduction to Modern Scots Andy Eagle 2020 v.02.1 Thanks for ideas, inspiration and advice to Gavin Falconer, Sandy Fleming, John M. Kirk, Ian Parsley and John M. Tait. COPYRICHT Aw richts is pitten by. Nae pairt o this quair shoud be doobelt, hained in ony kin o seestem, or be setten furth in ony shape or by onygate whitsomiver, ’ithoot haein leave frae the writer aforehaund. Thare's nae pleens whan the abuin is duin for tae fordle the Scots leed in eddication, sae lang's naebody is makkin siller oot o't. COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the author. There are no objections if the above is done in order to further the Scots language in education, as long as no one is making money from it. © Andy Eagle 2020 An introduction to Modern Scots Contents Contents ................................................................................................................. v Foreword ................................................................................................................ 1 What is Scots? ........................................................................................................ 2 The Emergence of Scots ......................................................................................... 2 The Relationship of Scots to Other Germanic Languages ............................ 3 The Development of (Standard) -
Early English Dialects
Jurnal Magistra, nomor 78/XXIII/Des 2011: 79–93 ISSN 0215-9511 AN EMPIRICAL EXPERIENCE OF ENGLISH DIALECTOLOGY Didik Rinan Sumekto1 Rifqi Aulia Erlangga2 Abstrak Perkembangan penggunaan bahasa Inggris selama ini tidak dapat dilepaskan dari aspek dialektogi dan dialek yang berlaku di beberapa kelompok masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah tertentu. Beberapa kajian terkait dengan dialektogi dan linguistik baik secara sinkronik dan diakronik inipun dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan penggunaan bahasa Inggris di suatu wilayah. Meskipun sampai saat ini beberapa dialek masih dianggap sebagai sebuah kesalahan berkaitan dengan tidak benar dan standarnya penggunaan fungsi bahasa. Artikel ini lebih lanjut membahas masalah dialektologi yang berkaitan dengan dialektologi struktural dan generatif. Sedangkan dialek dalam pembahasan ini berkaitan dengan dialek yang pergunakan oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah pinggiran (rural dialect), dialek masyarakat urban (urban dialect), dialek berdasarkan wilayah atau geografi (geographical dialect continua), dan dialek sosial yang berkembang di masyarakat (social dialect continua). Kata kunci: dialektologi, dialek, sinkronik, diakronik 1 Dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Widya Dharma, Klaten; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Dosen Program Studi Tadris Bahasa Inggris, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAIN) Salatiga; e-mail: [email protected] 79 © Diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penerbitan Unwidha, 2011 Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Klaten 57401 Jawa Tengah Indonesia. INTRODUCTION Dialectology, obviously, is the Chambers and Trudgill (2004) study of dialect and dialects. In common continue that in the relationship between usage, a dialect is a substandard, low- geographical space, language variation, status, often rustic form of language, and the (European) nation-state, space and generally associated with the peasantry, language appear to be trivially linked; in the working class, or other groups lacking fact, a whole sub-discipline of linguistics in prestige. -
Developing Identity for Lawyers: Towards Sustainable Lawyering
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Høedt-Rasmussen, Inger Doctoral Thesis Developing Identity for Lawyers: Towards Sustainable Lawyering PhD Series, No. 8.2014 Provided in Cooperation with: Copenhagen Business School (CBS) Suggested Citation: Høedt-Rasmussen, Inger (2014) : Developing Identity for Lawyers: Towards Sustainable Lawyering, PhD Series, No. 8.2014, ISBN 9788793155176, Copenhagen Business School (CBS), Frederiksberg, http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8908 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/208886 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative