672 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967 5 o'clock and 10 minutes p.m.) the Sen­ sitive to the needs of others, understand­ Mr. PELLY. I am happy to yield to ate took a recess until Wednesday, Jan­ ing amid our differences, and determined the minority leader. uary 18, 1967, at 12 o'clock meridian. to live in the spirit of good will. May Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, we ever be mindful of the fact that we I thank the gentleman for yielding. &re one family in Thee, and in this one­ Walt Horan was a very close, and dear NOMINATIONS ness may we do our work and live our friend of mine. We served together for lives. a number of years on the Committee on Executive nominations received by the Our minds and hearts reach out in Appropriations. He was an invaluable Senate January 17 (legislative day of prayer for those in the Armed Forces of Member of the House of Representatives. January 12), 1967: our country. Keep them strong in No one was more gentle, kind, or more FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION temptation, resolute in duty, and faith­ cooperative than Walt Horan. Gen. William F. McKee, U.S. Air Force, re­ ful to Thee, who art ever with them and I join the distinguished gentleman from tired, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the with us. Lord God of Hosts, be with us the State of [Mr. PELLY] in Federal Aviation Adininistration (new posi­ all-lest we forget, lest we forget Thee. extending to his lovely wife, Sally, and tion). David D. Thomas, of Virginia, to be Deputy Amen. to his family our deepest condolences at Adininistrator of the Federal Aviation Ad­ this time. Ininistration (new position). Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the THE JOURNAL gentleman from Washington yield? DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE The Journal of the proceedings of Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, I yield to Clarence A. Boonstra, of Michigan, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten­ yesterday was read and approved. the distinguished majority leader. tiary of the of America to Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I also join Costa Rica. · the distinguished gentleman from Wash­ !dar Rimestad, of North Dakota, a Foreign THE LATE HONORABLE WALT ington, and our distinguished minority Service officer of class 1, to be Deputy Under HORAN, A REPRESENTATIVE IN leader in paying tribute to a longtime Secretary of State. CONGRESS FROM THE STATE ·OF friend of mine, Walt Horan. IN THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON If ever in my life I saw a man who was Lt. Gen. Joseph J. Nazzaro, FR1241 (major a friend of mine, it was he. He was kind, general, Regular Air Force), U.S. Air Force, Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, I a

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967 should not fail to see the close relation­ order to supply Cuba with a $28 million When the supplemental appropria­ ship between the Communist military fertilizer plant. tions bill, 1967, came before the House potential and the commodities and tech­ The possibility of militarily valuable on October 18, 1966, an additional $600 nology which is being sent from America American-made products going to China million in the limitation on operating to the Communists. U.S. intelligence and North Vietnam via Hong Kong is of expenses was requested for the Export­ organizations cost millions of dollars and concern also. Import Bank and it was pointed out that they can provide millions of dollars Questions also are raised concerning the Export-Import Bank had just initi­ worth of expert technical advice. Why the Aerofiot agreement which is a part ated a new program of loans to commer­ are the U.S. intelligence organizations of the administration's new overture to cial banks for export financing. No not being properly used in making deter­ the Communists. The President on hearings had been held concerning what minations about controls on trade? October 7 said: new programs were being set up by the Many other serious, far-reaching ques­ We are negotiating a civil air agreement Bank nor why the Bank was going into tions arise due to administration failure with the SOviet Union. This will facil1tate a higher level of lending activity. and action in the area of export control. tourism in both directions. It was generally recognized that the Can anyone doubt, for example, that Twenty-four days later the Soviet President's announcement several days computers do make a signlftcant con­ civil airline, Aerofiot, was the means by earlier, on October 7, accounted for the tribution to the military and economic which an American citizen was kid­ new programs and lending activity. As potential of a nation? In 1966 on naped and transported to Czechoslo­ I noted earlier, the President had signed numerous instances Communist nations, vakia for imprisonment and possibly a determination to allow the Export­ including the regimes of East Germany, worse. Administration authorities Import Bank to guarantee commercial Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Soviet learned of this act almost immediately credit to four Communist countries and Union have been granted licenses to buy and were officially notified by the Czech­ also that the Export-Import Bank is pre­ computers and computer components oslovaks on November 3. That affair pared to finance exports for an automo­ and computer replacement parts. notwithstanding, on November 4 the ad­ tive factory to be constructed in the So­ Incidentally, France, in at least seven ministration went ahead and signed the viet Union by the Fiat Co. of Italy. instances in 1966, was denied shipment civil air agreement with the Aerofiot In the ensuing discussions those points of such items ranging in value from officials. This spring we may expect ad­ were not refuted although it was brought $35,000 to over $5 million. According to ditional tourist dollars to flow to the out that the Soviet factory loan would news stories, in November 19·66, a license Communists via Aerofiot jets. be made to an Italian financial institu­ finally was granted to ship one large size Fifteen years ago, when the Czecho­ tion for the benefit of Fiat, the Italian computer to France. Is it possible that slovaks imprisoned an American citizen, firm which will build the Soviet auto­ Communist countries have been author­ the U.S. Government within 6 weeks im­ motive factory. ized to obtain our technology while at the posed a ban on travel by Americans to On October 18 the House approved a same time computer technology has been Czechoslovakia. And, within 14 weeks, motion calling for an amendment to pro­ denied to more friendly countries If so, we virtually ended all trade relations hibit the Export-Import Bank from guar­ could this account in part for the with Czechoslovakia until the American anteeing the credit of Communist na­ estrangement which has developed be­ was released from prison. Today many tions for purchase of American goods. Americans, even those who do not plan However, 3 days later, on October 21, the tween ourselves and France? House reversed itself by approving a Rhodesia is a small place inhabited by to go abroad on an Aerofiot aircraft, less than 5 million people. Americans do anxiously compare the procedures fol­ watered-down version of the amendment not necessarily agree with the policies lowed by this administration in the cur­ after what some newspapers describe as rent case with the procedures used in "arm twisting" tactics by the admin­ that govern the Rhodesians. But Amer­ istration. icans do not necessarily believe that the 1951. On November 29, 1966, the adminis­ Since this debate of October in the last rulers of Rhodesia are more despicable Congress, I have obtained a news article than the Communists who directly con­ tration raised our diplomatic relations with Hungary to the ambassadorial printed in the official Communist news­ trol over 200 million Soviet citizens; paper Pravda which further clarifies the Communists, who, in the wording of the level. The post in Budapest had been downgraded for good and sufficient rea­ manner in which American tax dollars Baltic States resolution which was ap­ would be used to finance the Soviet fac­ proved by the 89th Congress have "forci­ sons in 1956; a gesture which showed our distaste over the bloody suppression tory via the Export-Import Bank. Here bly deprived" fundamental human rights is a quotation from the Pravda story of to people who live in that Communist of the Hungarian peoples' fight for free­ dom. Has this administration now ex­ August 6, 1966, titled "Agreement With society. And it is the Communist gov­ Fiat Signed": ernments of the Soviet Union and East­ tracted some sort of policy concession ern Europe who are supplying the weap­ from the Hungarian Communists? Or, Vittorio Valletta [Honorary President of did the administration grant a conces­ Fiat] noted that his firm is furnishing the ons which are killing Americans and our Soviet Union a total of $300,000,000 in credits allies in southeaset Asia. It is not the sion to the Hungarian Communists? over a ten-year period. Many Italian firms Rhodesians. Here is what Hungarian Premier Kallai will take part in the delivery of equipment reported to the Hungarians on November for the [automotive] plant. And yet this administration promotes 30, 1966: and propagandizes Americans to sell Apparently, therefore, the Export-Im­ goods to the Communists while it denies We have concluded an agreement with the United States to [raise d·iplomatic missions port Bank would lend the money to the many of the same goods to the people of to embassy status] within the last day or Italian financial institution which would Rhodesia because this administration has two. I may say that even when the status lend it to the Fiat firm in Italy. Fiat in determined that those goods would "con­ of these diplomatic missions was raised it turn will loan the money to the Soviet stitute a significant contribution to the was not due to a change in our policy, it was Government. Southern Rhodesian economy." they who were compelled to review their own So it would seem that the Soviet Com­ The administration endorses and car­ policy. munist Party members learned of one ries out trade sanctions against Rhodesia The administration has announced it asp~ct of this Fiat deal well before the fully cooperating with the desires of Bri­ will seek action on the consular agree­ American people and the Members of tain. But why is this cooperation not ment with the Soviets even though, for this House did. reciprocated in the case of trade with example, it is known that most Soviet I am convinced that should the loan Cuba? The United States instituted an personnel in the United States have be made to help equip the Fiat plant in embargo on all commerce with Cuba from espionage or at least some intelligence the U.S.S.R., and should credits to other the standpoint of its significance to the gathering assignments. Communist nations be guaranteed, the security of our country. But Britain goes The administration's determination to administration will be playing a dan­ its merry way with Cuba. In 1964 and assist the Communists, through loans, to gerously deceptive travesty on the Ameri­ 1965 the British Government's Board of purchase free world machinery and can people. Trade provided credits to Cuba in order technology, is another matter which has Everyone knows that an automotive that over $25 million of automotive concerned many Americans. It will be factory, for example, can turn out many products could be shipped to Cuba. And, recalled that one aspect of this subject products which are military or have a just within the last 2 weeks Britain again was discussed and voted upon twice in military potential. Yet the administra­ provided credit guarantees to CUba in the final week of the·89th C~ngress. tion apparently has accepted the words January 17, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 689 of the Communists that the Communists on commercial credits. But Pravda went going on? On November 23, 1966, Am­ only want to improve the well-being of on to say: bassador at Large Averell Harriman the people who live under communism. But Washington does not seem to under­ spoke on a nationwide television pro­ Here is the rationale used by Alexander stand that there is no basis for depicting gram. After admitting that an increase B. Trowbridge, Assistant Secretary of these renunciations as a magnificent good of our trade with a Communist regime Commerce for Domestic and Interna­ deal. would not make that regime a better tional Business, on November 2, 1966: One reported outcome of that Moscow one Ambassador at Large Harriman The President's decision to provide for Ex­ meeting was the pledge of an additional said: port-Import bank financing of American $1 billion in goods and cash to North A lot of bigoted, pigheaded people, who machine tools and other products for the Vietnam. don't know what's going on in the world Fiat automobile plant in the U.S.S.R. is a The very fact that the President's ad­ have prevented us from helping our balance good example of how we wlll offer our co­ of payments, you know, extending, our operation on projects designed to improve dress appears not to have been brought exports. the well-being of their people. We support to the attention of the Soviet people in their allocation of resources to expand con­ any meaningful way is significant. The People who do know what is going on sumer-oriented industries. We would rather claim is that we are building bridges to in the world do not look for the Com­ see them create traffic jams with passenger the Communist people. But if they hear munists to help us solve our balance­ automobiles than with tanks. nothing about such actions from their of-payments problems. Even a prepara­ Administration spokesmen have not yet rigidly controlled news media, how can tory schoolboy should know that Com­ disclosed upon what they base their as­ bridges be built to them? munists trade policies are dominated by surances that the Soviet Communists If the administration really wished to political motivations. actually will not produce tanks or com­ work for the exchange of ideas, one place The operation and policies of the U.S. ponents for tanks. But if the adminis­ it might begin would be with the use of Government are properly the concern of tration wishes to believe the words of the printed word. It is well known that all our people. The trade policies of the Communists, indications are that the Communists do not permit any Amer­ America &re not the province for a select Soviet citizens still have a long wait be­ ican non-Communist newspaper or pub­ few. The differences we have with Com­ fore they get the car they have been de­ lication to reach Soviet citizens. On munists are not small, they are funda­ prived of for so long. The Telegraph October 31, 1966, in a letter, I asked the mental differences. The lives of Ameri­ Agency of the Soviet Union in a foreign Secretary of State questions pertaining to can servicemen are not to be ignored broadcast on December 7, 1966, reported: such matters. Here, in part, is what the for the sake of profits. The Soviet Union for the first time wlll Department said in reply regarding the We soon will have to appropriate addi­ deliver to the German Federal Republic a possibilities of a Soviet citizen subscrib­ tional billions of American tax dollars major consignment of Moskvich and Volga ing to an American newspaper: to help defend this Nation against Com­ passenger cars. This was announced at a Such a subscription would be impossible munists. Just the money required to buy press conference in Moscow on 7 December as a result of the Soviet policy of restricting replacement attack aircraft for those de­ in connection with the lOth anniversary of the flow of information into the USSR. In stroyed this current fiscal year by weap­ Avtoexport now sells cars to 60 countries. In fact, it is highly unlikely that the average ons built by the Communists of the 10 years the number of cars it sells has almost member of the CPSU [Communist Party Soviet Union and Eastern Europe could doubled, increasing from 35,000 to 63,000 cars Soviet Union) could subscri,be to a non-Com­ sold last year. The export of automobiles munist foreign newspaper. be at least five times the dollar value of will be increasing with a sharp increase in There are no restrictions on subscriptions the entire export trade which the ad­ automobile manufacturing in the Soviet by American citizens to Pravda or other ministration has been able to effect with Union. In 1970, the Soviet Union will man­ Soviet newspapers. the Communists in 1966. The lives lost ufacture 1.5 million automobiles. However, this disparity springs from the cannot be replaced. Where does our The selling or dumping of goods in difference between our open society and the sense of values lie? closed society of the USSR and is not in any Many questions must be answered be­ other countries, even if in short supply way susceptible to negotiations. and very much wanted by their own fore this House can discharge its respon­ people, is, of course, a ·maneuver the It is of interest to note that the reply sibilities intelligently. Today I have Communist leaders engage in at any states not only that such a subscription asked only a few such questions. time they see fit to do so for political would be impossible because of restric­ Throughout this 90th Congress we reasons. tions on the flow of information into the must take every opportunity to exercise On the subject of loans to Communists Soviet Union but also that this is our constitutional responsibilities to via third countries, Czechoslovak not in any way susceptible to negotia­ question and, where necessary, to balance sources report that a joint Czechoslo­ tions. But why should negotiations not and to check on administration trade vak-Italian company was to begin be possible? Such sterile thinking shows policies. To do so, the Members of the functioning on January 1, 1967. A main no apparent progress along these lines House must be correctly and fully in­ task of this firm, which is called Sigma from where we were a third of a century formed. Italiana, and which is headquartered in ago when diplomatic relations were first The subject of trade with Communists Italy, will be to acquire technical knowl­ established with the Bolshevik regime. concerns itself with many facets of many edge from abroad. And there are new Have we proffered any such agreement fields of interest. It cuts across the reports of additional Communist joint to the Communists? It is high time for areas of interest and responsibilities of arrangements in Belgium and other us to do so. And, if this administration various existing committees under our places. American dollars should not be is anxious to get ideas across to the citi­ present organizational setup; therefore, used to finance Communist economies zens of the Communist world, all of our we do not have a body which can be re­ via the subterfuge of Communist ar­ publishers and broadcasters of every sponsible for, and equipped to study and rangements such as this in third coun­ political hue will be happy to tap that to do justice to, the various problems tries. market which is so starving for ideas. which arise in the area of trade control. So far as I have been able to determine, It should be noted that a large number For this reason I have introduced a reso­ the President's October 7 address has not of people living in the countries under­ lution, House Resolution 67, calling for been published in any Communist pub­ stand English-it is widely taught in the reestablishment of the House Select their schools. Moreover, Russian lan­ Committee on Export Control, such as lication, though a few commentaries did guage editions of American publications was created in the 87th Congress. appear in Communist newspapers in can be provided. Following is the full text of the resolu­ mid-October. At that time all of the Why could it not be required of the tion: Communist policy planners, representing Communists that American newspapers, H. RES. 67 all of the Eastern European countries magazines, recordings, and television Resolved, That there is hereby created a who are beneficiaries of the administra­ tapes flow along with the flow of Ameri­ select committee to be composed of five Mem­ tion's "peaceful engagement," were meet­ can goods? bers of the House of Representatives to be ing in Moscow to chart a unified strategy appointed by the Speaker, one of whom he What rational explanation for this shall designate as chairman. Any vacancy on world tasks. Pravda readers were in­ trade-with-Communists policy does the occurring in the membership of the com­ formed that the U.S. President had re­ administration provide for the millions mittee shall be filled in the same manner nounced export controls and restrictions of Americans who wonder just what is 1n which the original appointment wal:l made. 690 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD -HOUSE January 17, 1967. The committee is authorized and directed Mr. LAffiD. Mr. Speaker, I rise to as­ centrate even more heavily on develop­ to conduct a full and complete investigation sociate myself with the persuasive and ing weapons of war. and study of the administration, operation, and enforcement of the Export Control Act compelling remar~s of the distinguished Nonstrategic items supplied to the of 1949 (63 Stat. 7), as amended, with a view gentleman from California [Mr. LIPS­ Soviet Union by the United States per­ to assessing th~ accomplishments under that coMB]. mits that Communist country to reallo­ Act, determining whether improvements can Let me say at the outset that I have cate its manpower and resources to other be made in the administration, operation, today introduced a companion resolu­ pursuits. The simple process of produc­ or enforcement thereof, and improving ~n­ tion to that offered by the gentleman ing toothbrushes is not as simple in the gressional oversight and guidance over the from California-House Resolution 67- Soviet Union as it is in the United States. formation of United States policies involved in such Act. In carrying out such investiga­ calling for the reestablishment of a The cost to the Soviet Union of producing tion and study, the committee shall give House Select Committee on Export Con­ toothbrushes is at least three times the particular attention to the following mat­ trol. cost of producing the same items in our ters: The need for such a committee was country. (1) The problems involved in the control never more clear than it is today in light Mr. Speaker, trade is truly a weapon of trade between _the United States and of the Johnson administration's declared and there are those of us who feel that foreign countries, particularly the .foreign i:p.terition to substantially increase trade the proper utilization of economic weap­ countries comprising the Sino-Soviet bloc. · with Communist nations and especially ons such as trade in prosecuting the (2) Methods and procedures followed in the formulation of policy under the Export in light of the Communist bloc's brazen cold war could avert the eruption of hot Control Act with respect to the determina- · and repeated admission of how extensive wars such as that which is presently bog­ tion of how the export of articles, mate­ their logistic and weapons supJ)ort is to ging us down in Vietnam. rials, supplies, and technical data shall be Communist Vietnam. Who can say whether the proper utili­ controlled, and the· extent; of such control. Mr. Speaker, the 90th Congress cannot zation of the economic tools of war 5 (3) Procedures followed under such Act afford to ignore the many ramifications years ago and 4 years ago might have in obtaining information, advice, and opin­ of increased trade with Communist averted the necessity of sustained bomb­ ions with respect to determinations of which ing in North Vietnam? At the same time, articles, materials, supplies, and technical countries. It must certainly be obvious data shall be controlled under such Act, from that trade with the Soviet Union and the who can deny it? depMtments and agencies of the United eastern satellite countries is clearly more Who would deny that if war must be States which are concerned with aspects of advantageous to communism's goals than waged, a naval quarantine of the princi­ our domestic or foreign policies and opera­ to those of the United States or the free pal ports that supply the enemy would tions which have a bearing on exports. world. in the long run reduce the casualties on ( 4) The extent to which decisions made Certainly, any student of past history· both sides for the denial of logistics must and policies formulated under such Act con­ knows that trade can at times be a more necessarily reduce a nation's capacity to cerning the control of exports adversely af­ sustain the fighting. fect the security of the United States. important weapon than bombing. (5) The interrelationship between such Surely a strong case can be made for the Mr. Speaker, East-West trade con­ Act and related Acts (such as the Mutual proposition that the use of trade today ceivably might be a useful tool in our re­ Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951, and in our dealings especially with the Soviet peated attempts to bring peace to the the Trading With the Enemy Act) and other Union and her satellites could conceiv­ world. discussions or agreements entered into by ably have a more profound effect on the But let us, if we must use it, use it as the United States (such as the coordinating course of the Vietnam war than our re­ a tool of peace and not as an expedient, committee ( COCOM) discussions and agree­ one of whose byproducts is to permit the ments) which affect or relate to the control liance on limited bombing has had so far. of trade between the United States and for­ Can anyone doubt that the Soviet enemy to continue war. eign countries. Union together with her Eastern Euro­ If trade we must, let us use it intelli­ For the purpose of cMrying out this resolu­ pean satellites is the chief supplier and gently in pursuit of peace by at the very tion the committee or subcommittee is au­ therefore the chief "sustainer" of the least demanding and obtaining meaning­ thorized to sit and act during the present Communist prosecution of the war in ful concessions that will bring the world Congress at such times and places within Vietnam? a step closer to peace. the United States, including any territory, Let us demand of the Soviet Union and Commonwealth, or possession thereof, or Practically every American plane that elsewhere, whether the House is in session, has been shot down over North Vietnam the Eastern satellites that the price of has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such has fallen victim to Soviet-made and trade is a clear demonstration that peace hearings, and to require, by subpena or Soviet-supplied surface-to-air missiles or not war is their intention. Certainly an otherwise, the attendance and testimony of antiaircraft batteries; American planes acceptable demonstration of this inten­ such witnesses and the production of such have been tracked by Soviet radars; tion would be elimination of their con· books, records, correspondence, memoran­ American ground forces have been sub­ sistent role as the major supplier of the dums, papers, and documents, as it deems jected to substantial casualties caused weapons of war to Communist North necessary; except that neither the committee Vietnam. nor any subcommittee thereof may sit while by Soviet and East European military the House is meeting unless special leave to equipment; and the Vietcong and North Mr. Speaker, I commend the distin­ sit shall have been obtained from the House. Vietnamese regulars have been supplied guished gentleman from California [Mr. Subpenas may be issued under the signature in the south by trucks made in these LIPSCOMB]. my able colleague and leader of the chairman of the committee or any countries. on the Defense Appropriations Commit­ member of the committee designated by him, Mr. Speaker, approximately 80 percent tee, for bringing this most important and and may be served by any person designated vital matter to the attention of the House. by such chairman or member. of the weapons and strategic materials .of The committee shall report to the House war have been supplied to the Commu­ I commend his remarks to all my col­ as soon as practicable during the present nists in Vietnam not by the Red Chinese leagues and urge all Members to support Congress the results of its investigation and but· by the Soviet Union and her East his eminently sound request that a House study, together with such recommendations European satellites. Select Committee on Export Control be as it deems advisable. Any such report which Nor is Vietnam the only beneficiary of reestablished in this 90th Congress. is made when the .House is not in session United States and free world trade with Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ shall be filed with the Clerk of the House. Communist countries. At long last, the tleman yield? I respectfully request full support by President and the Secretary of Defense Mr. LIPSCOMB. I am pleased to yield the House of Representatives for this have admitted publicly what many of us to the gentleman from Virginia. resolution. The need for a Select Com­ in Congress have tried to elicit for 2 and Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker. I rise to com­ mittee on Export Control is great. The 3 and 4 ' years; namely, that· the Soviet mend and to congratulate the distin­ committee is necessary if Congress is to Union has not quit the arms race either. guished gentleman from California. He carry out its resp-onsibilities. I have re­ in offensive or defensive strategic. is known to all o·f his colleagues as a most quested hearings oil House Resolution weapon systems. An antiballistic missile diligent scholar. On this particular sub­ 67 and sincerely hope that action will be system is being deployed in the Soviet ject he is particularly well informed; in­ taken very soon. · Union today; work continues full pace deed, he is more knowledgeable than any Mr. LAIRO. ¥r. ,Speaker. Will the on major offensive strategic systems. other Member of either House. gentleman from California yield? And make no mistake about it. Trade The speech the gentleman has just Mr. LIPSCOMB. I yield to the gentle-· with Communist countries aids them in made I regard as a signal contribution to man from Wisconsin. these efforts· and permitS them to con- the future welfare of this Nation. I com- January 17, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 691 mend this to the earnest study of every tion of military hardware, I pointed out hospi.tals or prisons without due process Member of both Houses. that the industrial complex necessary to and without observing all the basic rights Mr. Speaker, having known the gentle­ manufacture automobiles can certainly of humans. I submit it simply because man from California since we were both be used for other purposes. He very of past experience, being one of the three first elected to Congress in 19·52, I can quickly replied, "If we do not buy these dootors in the House, Mr. Speaker, and assure the House that every statement he tools in the United States, we can get because the U.S. Department of Justice has made and every statistic he has cited them from Italy, the United Kingdom, Federal Hospi-tal for Defective Delin­ has been carefully and fully documented. France, West Germany and elsewhere.'' quents happens to be in my home town. America is safer because the gentle­ Now, I merely point this out because In essence, the bill would amend chap­ man from California sits in the House of if they do not get them from us, they ter 313 of title 18,. United States Code, Representatives. will get them from our so-called friends. with respect to the constitutional rights Mr. LIPSCOMB. I thank the gentle­ The plant is going to be built. of mentally incompetent or suspect per­ man from Virginia very much for his In that connection, of course, here we sons to be committed thereunder. The kind comments. are being asked to support Great Britain proposed amendments of 18 U.S.C. 4244, Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, will the in its squabble with Rhodesia, and she contained in the bill, would: gentleman yield? ·continues to trade with Cuba-but Great First. Require that a preliminl:l.rY mo­ Mr. LIPSCOMB. I yield to the gentle­ Britain is not doing a thing to help us tion for a judicial determin&tion of the man from California [Mr. YoUNGER]. in the conflict we have out in southeast mental competency of the accused to Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, I too, Asia. They will be mighty happy to sell stand trial be supported by a sworn, want to join in congratulating the gen­ Fiat these machine tools and ship them written statement based on personal ob­ tleman from California on bringing this over to the Soviet Union for them. Also, servation by a responsible adult as to matter to the attention of the House. France, has been anything but cooper­ the mental condition of the accused; To me there are two very vital subjects ative in some respects lately-yet her Second. Require a hearing on the pre.­ that are involved here. One is that the machine tool builders would be happy to liminary motion at which the accused Constitution places in the hands of the furnish these -items. and his attorney should be present; Congress of the United States the control This entire matter deserves thorough Third. Authorize a psychiatric exami­ of international trade. I think we have attention by the Congress. nation on temporary commitment for failed in our duty in allowing the ad­ Mr. LIPSCOMB. I thank the gentle­ such examination, only upon an initial ministration to take such control and man, and I would like to add in my opin­ determination by the court "that there have the ability, lawful or otherwise, to ion the administration has lacked ag­ is reasonable cause to doubt the mental issue such a paper as they have issued. gressiveness in getting our allies to rec­ competency of the accused"; Secondly, there is this question of ognize the threat occasioned by their Fourth. Limit the commitment, if credibility. I think that stands out all sales to Eastern European countries and commitment is ordered, for a "reasona­ through your paper. I am glad you also to Cuba and North Vietnam. I be­ ble period, not to exceed 30 days, as the lieve it would be well if the Department court may determine." brought it to our attention in this case, of State with the support of the Presi­ One of the additions in the 1967 edi­ because certainly they have not carried tion, Mr. Speaker, is that the court could out what should be expected of an in­ dent would aggressively influence our allies to stop the sale of these strategic for 'SUfficient cause extend for not more telligent administration in consulting all than an additional 30 days the period of of their own people. If they had not items which build up the economic and military capability of our potential observation to give due process to the consulted the Congress, there might have enemies. psychiatrist, because one of the basic been ._some excuse for that, but intelli­ problems of all persons skilled in deter­ gence is under their control. It is under mining whether or not another being is the control of the President, and he has BILL TO PROTECT THE CONSTITU­ of sound mind is to protect those on the not even taken the trouble to consult TIONAL RIGHTS OF THE ALLEGED outside and yet not incarcerate or hold with the important people who should be for observation too long those on the consulted before he ever issued such an MENTALLY INCOMPETENT inside. order. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under Fifth. It would require a further hear­ Mr. LIPSCOMB. I thank the gentle­ previous order of the House, the gentle­ ing on the issue of mental competency man. man from Missouri [Mr. HALL] is recog­ to stand trial if the initial report of the Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ nized for 40 minutes. physician-the one skilled in determi­ tleman yield? Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, today I will nation of unsoundness of mind or nor­ Mr. LIPSCOMB. I am glad to yield to introduce a bill, for the third time, de-, malcy-"indicates a state of present the gentleman. signed to protect the constitutional rights mental incompetence"; Mr. MIZE. I want to commend the of individuals to be committed to Fed­ Sixth. Guarantee to an accused found gentleman for the observations that he eral institutions on a charge of mental mentally incompetent, and committed has just made. In the early part of De­ incompetency or so-called insanity. The pursuant to the provisions of the statuta, cember a group of us from the Interna­ bill is similar to the one which I submit­ the right to a periodic reexamination, tional Trade Subcommittee of the Com­ ted in the 88th Congress, and it is identi­ not more frequently than every 6 mittee on Banking and Currency went to cal to the one I submitted in the 89th months, on the application of his at­ Italy, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hun­ Congress, except for two additional cor­ torney, legal guardian, spouse, parent, or gary, and the Soviet Union because we rections suggested by the U.S. Judicial nearest adult relative. anticipated that the President was going Conference in 1964. Mr. Speaker, I have submitted this to make this proposal to relax restric­ There has been much correspondence bill in' the two prior Congresses. There tions on trade with the East and we concerning this bill. There has been have been long hours of study and re­ wanted to familiarize ourselves with some almost universal acceptance and much search and deliberation which have gone of the problems. We discussed this Fiat enthusiasm. Yet nothing has happened. into its preparation. This study and de­ matter that you mentioned with Senator It has drawn favorable recommendation liberation has been augmented by con­ Valetta who is head of the Fiat company, from the Judicial Conference of the sultation with many national legal and and with members of the IMI, the Insti­ United States and its major provisions medical experts in this particular field. tuto Mobilieri Italiano. I pointed out to have been supported by the New York Not· only have consultation and con­ Senator Valetta that while there may ap­ City Bar Association and by my own currence been obtained from national pear to be certain advantages to the Greene County, Mo., Bar Association. legal experts, but valuable counsel and promotion of trade with the eastern I claim no pride in authorship. As I advice have been received from the European nations, many Americans con­ said in an original remark on the floor members of the Greene County Bar As­ sider such trade as trading with the at the rtime it was first introduced in the sociation of Missouri, located in the dis­ enemy. While the President contends CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Volume 109, part trict which I am privileged to represent, automobiles are a consumer goods item, 12, .page 16922, I would ask anyone to and where is located the U.S. Federal and any production of consumer goods take it :for his own and simply plug ·the Medical Center for Defective Delin­ in the Soviet Union will reduce that loopholes in the present law, which pro­ (lllents; and also from alienists or psy­ amount of energy, manpower, and so vide_opportunities fo.r persons to be com­ chiatris~, hospital authorities, and men­ forth that can be put into the produc- mitted to Federal menrtal institutions or tal· hospital superintendents. 692 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967 It would affect the Department of Jus­ off in one's car from New York City on a Transportation Act of 1964 is grossly tice, Federal Medical Center, St. Eliza­ Friday evening for a soft spot on the inadequate. For fiscal year 1968, Con­ beths Hospital here in the District of New Jersey coast, in the middle of sum­ gress approved an increase in the author­ Columbia, and others. mer, is already a losing proposition. ization from $150 to $175 million. I might say that we have accurately Inadequate access is causing downtown Mr. Speaker, I have introduced three and at some time and expense analyzed areas to lose business. Parking diffi­ bills to assist urban communities, par­ other prior remarks, such as those of our culties, traffic congestion, and public ticularly the largest metropolitan areas, colleague from Missouri, the distin­ transport inconveniences are crippling meet their transportation needs. The guished TOM CURTIS, who, in the CoN­ mobility upon which individual com­ first measure is intended to rectify the GRESSIONAL ·RECORD, VOlume 112, part 9, muters and businesses depend. present imbalance by permitting the page 11670, under the title of "A Pro­ The Federal Government, during the States to earmark moneys from the high­ posed Civil Rights Act of 1966: The past several years, has poured millions of way trust fund toward improving urban Mentally Incompetent," submitted al­ dollars into constructing urban highway mass transportation. This bill, originally most identical information and made systems. These become flooded as soon introduced by Senator TYDINGS, was not extensive remarks a;bout it. as the dignitaries cut the ribbon and acted upon during the 89th Congress. I would also call your attention to the conduct their smooth inaugural ride. Second, I have introduced legislation daily CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, page A5397, By not earmarking sufficient funds to­ authorizing appropriations to help the in the 89th Congress, entitled "Our Invis­ ward the modernization of rapid, public States or local public bodies defray ible Prisoners," wherein I comment and transport, the Government has generated operating deficits incurred in maintain­ submit documentation from the New­ an imbalance in favor of the private ing commuter services. No grant may house chain of newspapers an article automobile and ironically, it is the driver, exceed two-thirds of the annual net written by Miss Judith Coburn, subtitled for whom all this concrete splendor has operating deficit of a transit company. ''They Live in a Curious Medical-Legal been created, who suffers most in the Moreover, assistance is contingent upon Limbo!' end as untold thousands of vehicles are whether the State agency or company In addition to that, we have updated attracted to the highways. submits to the Secretary of Housing and the recommendation of the Judicial I am not suggesting that the Federal Urban Development an approved pro­ Conference in this new bill. highway program is a mistake and should gram of capital improvements ''for the And concluding, Mr. Speaker, I would be dismantled. Rather, we must con­ purpose of providing more efficient, eco­ say that both the 88th and 89th Con­ tinually seek to expand the system. But, nomical, and convenient commuter serv­ gresses enacted far-reaching civil rights particularly in the great cities, it would ice in an urban area." The bill is similar legislation. However, these prior Con­ be a catastrophic error to undertake to legislation first introduced in the Sen­ gresses completely forgot the greater costly and massive road improvements, ate by Senator HARRISON WILLIAMS, of sphere of civil rights, perhaps due to the including tunnel and bridge additions, New Jersey. emotionalism present at that time. without simultaneously planning for Third, I have resubmitted my bill to Such lack of action has provided no re­ new and more efficient means of public repeal the existing State limitation on lief to the suspect mental incompetent commuter service. grants under the Urban Mass Trans­ or to the alleged insane, yet pleas of "in­ Local and State governments, as well portation Act. I am substituting for this sanity" accumulate as our as the National Government, must rec­ 12%-percent limit a general guidance backs up our constabulary less and less. ognize that in order to ease the trans­ clause, authorizing the Secretary of Therefore, Mr. Speaker, let this Con­ portation snarl, for this and future gen­ Housing and Urban Development to give gress be known as the one that restored erations, it is necessary to attract com­ priority to the urgency of need prevailing civil rights and due process to a class of muters and intercity travelers to mass in the Nation's largest metropolitan citizens long neglected by the law. Let transportation, diverting them from our areas. this bill be known as the Personal Rights already congested roads. Last year, when the House was de­ Protective Act of 1967. Over the past several years, the trend bating the mass transit amendments, I away from public carriers is clearly dis­ offered an amendment, adopted first in cernible. Between 1956 and 1963, ex­ the Senate at the instigation of the THE URBAN TRANSIT CRJSIS penditures for local public carriers de­ senior Senator from New York, establish­ clined from $2 to $1.5 million nationally, ing a pool of $12.5 million for allocation The SPEAKER pro tempore

706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967 The idea was to gl.Ve our poor children on a population basis than wealthy commu­ no psychologists, and no psychiatrists to help "the full benefits of education" and thus nities like Newton and Wellesley. But Title this teacher and her schools had no special break the cycle. Ironically, by giving just 'a I officials who are quick to point this out programs for anyone. In fact, Stray Branch little bit of money to both the rich and poor neglect to emphasize the disparity that ex­ had no bathroom, no history course, and schools, Title I is not eliminating educational ists among these communities in the all­ precious few books. After teaching for 40 inequities, it is reinforcing them. And by important area of average per pupil expend­ years, this highly dedicated teacher received reinforcing them, it is making the rich richer iture. a maximum of $5,500. and the poor poorer. In four subsequent edi­ Wellesley spends $700 per pupil, Newton Why the gap between the two school sys­ torials, we will document exactly how this spends $760 and Brookline spends $778, ex­ tems? Simple enough. Money. A small is happening. clusive of federal aid, building construction percentage of New Rochelle's citizens are on and debt service. Fall River, which seems welfare but most them earn high salaries [From the Boston Herald, Jan. 3, 1967] to be in the clutches of a permanent depres­ as scientists, engineers, lawyers, doctors, and THE RICH GET RICHER-II sion, can afford to spend only $400 per child. corporate executives. Their median family The $515,000 Fall River received in Title I income is $8,600 per year and because they As indicated by President Johnson, the funds seems to be a great deal of money and original purpose of the Elementary and Sec­ want the best schools for their children, they it is. But in terms of the enormous educa­ spent $896 per pupil in 1966 (exclusive of ondary Education Act of 1965, and especially tional problems that exist in Fall River, it is Title I of that Act, was to eliminate the edu­ building construction and debt service), of relatively little value. Because even with which is just about $400 above the national cational inequalities existing in America be­ Title I funds Fall River is still spending only tween the wealthy suburbs, on the one hand, average. $439 per pupil and that is not enough to Breathitt County doesn't have a small per­ and the urban ghettos and desolate rural break the cycle of poverty. areas, on the other. Title I is not accom­ centage of poor persons in its community. It is certainly not enough for a young, Practically everyone is poor and since the plishing this goal. In fact, as we pointed out bushy-haired boy in Fall River named Danny. in Monday's editorial, it is reinforcing the coal mines have closed, 77 per cent of the Danny is poor. He is suffering from mal­ people are on welfare. Their median family inequalities--to such an extent that some nutrition. Thanks to Title I funds, he is now schools in Newton, where the per pupil ex­ income is $1,324, and much of the $285 they getting one good meal a day. Unfortunately, spend to educate a child is already supplied penditure is $760, and New Rochelle, New lack of food is not Danny's only problem. He York, where the expenditure is $896, are re­ by the federal government, but it is still also has trouble reading. about $215 below the national average. ceiving Title I aid while some schools in Fall Although Danny is in the sixth grade, he River, where the per pupil expenditure is This sort of situa.tion is what led to enact­ reads at a third grade achievement level and ment of the Elementary and Secondary Edu­ $400, are not. And all of this is taking place the only help he receives is several hours a at a cost to the American taxpayer of more cation Act of 1965, and especially Title I of week with a "reading coach" in a class with tha;t Act. But instead of starting Breathitt than $1 billion. 13 other children. The "coach" has no degree Title I werut astray because of a basic County up the ladder toward the level of New and no training in remedial reading. She is Rochelle, Title I distributed about as much change in philosophy as the Act made its way impatient when Danny falters as he recites, through the committee rooms of Congress. money to New Rochelle ($321,000) as it did and apparently she does not notice that to Brea•thitt County ($340,000). The slight When he first proposed the idea in his edu­ Danny holds his book a few inches from his cation message to Congress in 1965, President edge Breathitt Oounty enjoys over New Ro­ face, indicating both a need for glasses and chelle disappears under close examination. Johnson strongly implied that the wealthy better lighting in the antiquated classroom. suburban communities would be expeoted to The way in which the two districts spent the Fall River would like to do more for money tells the story. continue to take care of their own and at the Danny. The school would at least like to hire same time help out the urban and rural areas trained remedial reading teachers. But as Since New Rochelle had almost everything that no longer had the financial resources tp the administrator of Title I funds in Fall a modern school system could want before support gOOd schools. In other words, the River said, "How can we spend money on it received Title I funds, the school admin­ President seemed to be calling for massive academics when these kids don't have enough istrators-well-trained in the art of spending injections of federal aid into hard-core pov­ to eat?" So Newton and Brookline continue money--developed "communications skills" erty districts. Hopefully, this technique to improve while Fall River, already far be­ classes to supplement the normal elementary would break the vicious cycle wherein poverty hind, struggles against overwhelming odds school program. In the Daniel Webster breeds ignorance and ignorance, in turn, to avoid falling further behind. School, one of the New Rochelle schools re­ ceiving Title I aid, an students in the school breeds more poverty. It is interesting to speculate what Fall But Congress did not interpret the Presi­ (rich and poor) watch rented movie strips, River could do with the millions of dollars paint image pictures on slides illuminated by dent's message in this way. Congress took now being allocated in Newton, Wellesley, the President's phrase, "low-income districts," and the thousands of communities like them overhead projectors, and then describe their and changed it to "children of low-income across the country. But it will always be pictures into tape recorders and hear them­ families." This change in emphasis from dis­ speculation unless Congress changes the dis­ selves talk. In another school, children tricts to individual children seems innocuous. tribution clause that governs Title I. That learn to take pictures with a Polaroid pur­ But not when considered in context with the clause, and the ·restrictions within it that ac­ chased with Title I money. And so all of amazing eligibility formula Congress estab­ tually discriminate against poor school sys­ the money went towards improving the Ushed. Congress ruled that any county con­ academic standards of this already first-rate tems in rural states, will be closely examined school system. taining 100 or more children aged 7 through in Wednesday's editorial. 17 from fam111es with an annual income of Breathitt County officials wanted to im­ prove their curriculum, too. And out of less than $2,000 is ellgible to receive Title I [From the Boston Herald, Jan. 4, 1967] funds. It further ruled that any local school their $340,000, they did manage to hire their system within that county is also eligible. THE RICH GET RICHER-III first nutritionist, their first art teacher, their Because almost every community in the New Rochelle is a New York City suburb first drama instructor, and their first social United States, no matter how wealthy, still where it is not uncommon to live in a man­ worker. But the Breathitt County admin­ has a number of poor families, rthis meant sion. Breathitt County is a Kentucky Ap­ istrators knew where most of the money had that approximately 25,000 of the 27,000 local palachian community where it is all too to go. They knew that the main diet of school districts in rthis country immedia..tely common to live in a shack. But the two most children in the county was potatoes became eligible for TitLe I poverty funds. In communities do have one thing in common. and beans. They knew that 80 per cent of effect, Congress substituted a shortgun for a They both received slightly more than the children had trouble paying attention in rifie and decided to scatter money all over $300,000 last year in Title I funds from the school because they were suffering from in­ the place. Elementary and Secondary Education Act of testinal parasites. They spent their money This change in emphasis is what enabled 1965. wisely. They spent it for food. Belmont, Brookline, Lexington, Marblehead, Even before Title I went into effect, New Trying to decide which school system has Milton, Newton, Wellesley and Winchester to Rochelle had one of the most advanced been helped more by Title I is not easy. But receive a total of roughly $300,000 in Title I school systems in the country. It had a one thing is clear. All of New Rochelle's fUnds this year. The eligibility clause com­ staff of remedial reading teachers, social money went into the improvement of its cur­ pletely ignores the fact that the lowest me­ workers, psychologists, psychiatrists. It had riculum. Very little of Breathitt County's dian family income in this group is $8,295. special programs for the gifted and special did. Therefore it is probably safe to assume The eligibility clause completely ignores the programs for the not-so-gifted. To run that in academic terms, the gap between New fact that the small number of poor children these programs, New Rochelle recruited the Rochelle and Breathitt County is wider than in these communities were already attend­ finest teachers in the country with maxi­ ever before. In ·terms of the original pur­ ing some of the best schools in the country. mum salaries of $11,750 for an M.A. and pose of the Act-which was to give the The eligib111ty clause completely ignores the $12,000 with a Ph.D. children of Breathitt County "the full fact that Title I funds enabled these com­ Before Title I went into effect, Breathitt benefits of education" so that they could munities to better their already excellent County had 16 schools, most of them un­ break the poverty cycle-well, that is simply schools and thus widen the educational gap approachable except by foot. Inside one of out of the question. that Title I was theoretically supposed to these schools, a one-room wooden building What in the Title I law accounts for such a close. called the Stray Branch School, a woman poor distribution of funds? In yesterday's And the gap is widening. Hard-core pov­ teacher instructed 16 children in grades one editorial, we explained how the Title I ellgi­ erty areas like Fall River are, to be sure, re­ through six. Breathitt County had no re­ b111ty clause scatters the money all over the ceiving a larger percentage of Title I funds medial reading teachers, no social workers, place, thus discriminating against poor dis- January 17, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 707 tricts in favor of the wealthy suburbs in any icized, both 1n this column and elsewhere, novate, to develop the proper attitudes to­ given state. But on a broader scale, there is and most of that criticism is deserved. ward culturally deprived children, and to another clause that discriminates even more But in a major program funded by Title discard the rigid thinking too often prevalent in terms of state against state. I of the Elementary and Secondary Educa­ in the rest of the Boston schools. Children To determine how much money it wm be tion Act, the Boston schools have created in many Boston schools must sit with their allocated under Title I, every school district some of the most original and exciting proj­ hands folded during most of the day, and in the country first figures out as best it can ects we have seen in visits to Title I programs they are not permitted to talk during cafe­ how many poor children it has. But then in 10 school systems throughout the coun­ teria periods. it multiplies this figure times one-half the try. The Boston program is a good example In contrast, a fifth grade clasa at the average per pupil expenditure in that par­ of what Title I funds can do to help chil­ Boardman School recently brought in popu­ ticular state. This sounds reasonable dren from hard-core poverty areas. It shows lar records from home and when they wanted enough but when you stop to consider the what Title I can do when the money is not to dance (and even twist) to release some of great financial gulf that separates the rural scattered around, but is applied in a con­ their energy, nobody objected. states from the industrial states it is not centrated effort to bring the full benefits of This, then, is education in the sub-system, very fair at all. education to children and thereby give them paid for by Title I funds. We believe it is Kentucky's average per pupil expenditure the opportunity to break the poverty cycle. what President Johnson meant when he is only $320. New York's in contrast, is $786. The program is called the sub-system, a originally proposed to bring "the full bene­ Although Breathitt County has nearly three nearly autonomous experimental unit con­ fits of education" to children in poor school times as many poor children as New Rochelle, sisting of four school divisions from pre­ districts. It is not just receiving a solid its Title I allocation in 1966 exceeded New primary to high school levels within the academic background, although that is a Rochelle's by only $19,000 because Kentucky's larger school system. The elementary level great part of it. It involves the child's so­ average per pupil expenditure is so low com­ is conducted in the Boardman School in Rox­ cial and cultural life and his family as well. pared to New York's. bury, a school with a nearly 100 per cent The child develops imagination, he develops And ironically, another clause in the Title Negro enrollment. Visitors to the Boardman enthusiasm, and if he can get enough of all I law prevented Breathitt County from using School can feel the excitement and enthu­ of this, he will have a good chance to break $100,000 of its meager allocation. This siasm in the air. the poverty cycle. clause says, "The amount of a maximum In one un-graded class with fourth, fifth, There is, of course, a catch to the Boston basic grant may not exceed 30 per cent of and sixth grade youngsters, a hose-thin boy sub-system. Only 700 children are enjoy­ the amount budgeted by the local educa­ peering into a microscope suddenly screamed, ing its benefits and Boston has 23,000 chll­ tional agency for current expenditures." "I got it! I got it!" dren who need this kind of help. Even if all Because Breathitt County couldn't afford The class had taken a field trip and col­ of Boston's $3.5 m1llion Title I grant were to spend much money on its schools in the lected samples of water from ponds, puddles, devoted to sub-systems of similar compre­ first place, its original $440,000 Title I alloca­ and water faucets in a program developed by hensive programs, the city could accommo­ tion exceeded 30 per cent of its budget. Educational Services, Inc., of Cambridge. date only 4,500 of the 23.000 children. Congress, to its credit, has raised this restric­ Each child had been given a 100-power Boston's Office of Program Development, tion to 50 per cent for next year. But desper­ microscope built by Bausch & Lomb. The which directs the sub-system, would like to ately poor Breathitt County has already pupils were left alone to figure out for them­ expand the program into other schools, but watched $100,000 go off to wealthier school selves how to use them. it needs more money. Like many large Amer­ districts with bigger budgets and it might Now the classmates of the boy who had ican cities, Boston has almost taxed itself out stm lose money under the new formula. finally succeeded in focusing his microscope of existence in recent years but it can stlll A third restrictive clause in the Title I crowded around him. Some of them looked spend only $530 per pupil, exclusive of Title distribution formula requires that the money through the eye-piece and saw what he had I funds, compared to $760 in Newton and be used only in schools with a proportion seen: one-celled protozoa, tiny water beatles $1,239 in Scarsdale, N.Y. The city cannot of children on Aid to Families with De­ flitting through the water, baby snails, and be expected to do much more. The Federal pendent Children greater than the average algae. The children rushed back to their government will have to help. proportion for the entire town. In other microscopes, one by one learned to focus But under the Title I distribution formula words, the money goes to the poorest schools them, and then started asking questions: enacted into law by Congress, that cannot in the town. Once again, this sounds reason­ "Are these these things alive?" "Is it good to happen. Under the formula, in fact, New­ able, but it ignores the fact that a poor drink this water?" "How come they can ton receives $69,000, Scarsdale receives $18,- school in one town may be a wealthy school move?" "What are these things called?" 000, and Westchester County-the sixth in another town. Coming back to Massa­ The rtiea.cher did not answer ·them. In­ wealthiest county in the country-is allo­ chusetts to mustrate this point, we find that stead, he suggested how the answers could cated $2.8 m1llion, nearly as much as the city in Newton, the two schools receiving Title I be obtained by consulting reference books, of Boston. money have only a six per cent AFDC enroll­ and several of the children became so inter­ ment. Yet three schools in impoverished ested in the phenomena they had found that [From the Boston Herald, Jan. 6, 1967] New Bedford with a 10 per cent AFDC enroll­ they went to the public library to find out THE RICH GET RICHER-V ment are denied Title I funds. more about them. The American people and their repre­ There are more questionable clauses in the "We believe the children learn best by dis­ sentatives in Congress must ask themselves law but we think the main point is clear. covery," said School Director Bernard H. Shul­ just what they want to do with the bil­ Title I is not achieving its original goal. man as he described several dozen similar lion dollars in Title I funds now being scat­ Instead of giving massive injection of Fed­ programs instituted by sub-system director tered all over the country. For Title I of eral money into hard-core poverty districts, Evans Clinchy. Children in the first grade the Elementary and Secondary Education Congress decided to sea tter the taxpayers' are taught about banking, the stock market, Act of 1965 is not moving towards its orig­ b1llion dollars over a wide area. In the one­ and writing checks even before they can read. inal goal as defined by President John­ room schoolhouse of Breathitt County and They discover relationships between num­ son. the drafty classrooms of Fall River, Title I bers with colored blocks and rods. Children Title I is not bringing "the full benefits money is used for food. In the wealthy i:q. the upper grades experiment with batteries of education" to children in the depressed suburbs, Title I funds are used for the latest and light bulbs, ice cubes, seeds, pendulums, urban ghettoes and rural areas so that they model projectors, tape recorders, and even balances, and butterflies-all Educational can break the poverty cycle. Instead, our $48 of pencils (Belmont), a $200 typewriter Services, Inc. courses. Fifth and sixth grade investigation has disclosed that Title I: (Lexington), and $500 of a custodian's salary children learn about animals from live guinea Discriminates against poor school sys­ (Newton). pigs, rabbits, and gerbils (similar to ham­ tems by allocating more money to states As a result of this scattering of funds, the sters) kept caged in the classrooms. Chil­ with the highest average per pupil expendi­ hardcore poverty. districts do not have enough dren in kindergarten and classes for slow ture. School systems in New York state re­ money to give their children "the full bene­ learners discover musical concepts by taking ceive three times as much money as school fits of education" which President Johnson off their shoes and socks and responding to systems in Mississippi for the same number proposed. They receive only piecemeal bene­ music through their bodies in a eurythmics of poor children because New York's aver­ fits, while the educational inequalities which course. age per pupil expenditure is $786 as com­ Title I was supposed to correct are reinforced Afternoon activity programs offer a pot­ pared to Mississippi's $259. and the poverty cycle is unbroken. pourri of cultural enrichment projects in­ Penalizes the most impoverished school This is a terrible waste, because where Title cluding creative writing, ceramics, field trips systems by restricting grants to no more I money has been concentrated to do the to supermarkets and swimming. Parents are than 50 per cent (previously 30 per cent) of most good, it has shown what can be done kept informed of the latest developments in a school system's budget. The schools of to help the children who most need it, the school through newsletters and monthly Breathitt County, Ky., where 77 per cent subject of tomorrow's editorial. meetings with teachers. of the people are on welfare, were last year Teachers' horizons are constantly broad­ denied more than $100,000 because of this [From the Boston Herald, Jan. 5, 1967] ened with lectures a·t the school by psychia­ clause, and this year they will st111 be denied trists, educational consultants, and profes­ part of their allocation. THE RICH GET RICHER-IV sors. Allocates money to wealthy schools with The Boston schools are not noted for their Even more important, the funds from Title low proportions of poor children while poor excellence. They have been strongly crtt- I have provided teachers the fiex1b111ty to in- schools with higher percentages of poor ch11- ·7()8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967 dren are denied mqney. Two schools ln great majority of America's poor children How many of you have ever heard of Wellesley with two percent of the ·students now living in depressed areas and at the Boston? the students were · asked. No o~e on Aid to Families with Dependent Children same time cut off aid to children in wealthy raised his hand. are receiving Title I funds, while three suburbs where the school systems are already How many have been outside Breathitt schools in New Bedford with 10 per cent providing each child with a superior educa­ County? Four children raised their hands. on AFDC are not entitled to receive l'itle tion. Would you like to hear about airplanes or I funds. As in the present Act, any school system Washington or how newspapers are made? Fails to accomplish its goal of providing which reduces its budget would be denied They all shook their heads up and down. equal educational opportunities by ignoring Title I money. And perhaps other provisions Many of the children had blank ex­ the main cause of educational inequalities: could determine whether a. school system's pressions on their faces, and others bore the vast differences in per pupil expenditures present per pupil expenditure bears a reason­ obvious signs of malnutrition. In the back among America's school systems. A poor able relationship to the median income or room, a pretty 16-year-old girl Drusie Ann child attending the Fall River schools, where tax base of the town. But we believe this is Kinniard, was preparing a lunch of beef stew the per pupil expenditure is $400, or a. minor consideration since most communi­ provided by the government. Breathitt County schools, where the expendi­ ties are already spending as much as they She had been in her second year of high ture is $285, will receive an inferior edu­ can afford for education. school, learning history for the first time, cation; while the same poor child attend­ Figuring out the details of the new dis­ when her father said he didn't want her ing the Newton schools (expenditure $760), tribution formula. will naturally be the job going to school any more. She never knew or New Rochelle schools ($896), will get the of Congress, and the Senate and House have why. So Drusie was working mornings at best education this country can offer. the talent to do the job. The important the Stray Branch School, preparing meals for This does not imply-that Title I has been thing is that they act this year. Because children who only had beans and potatoes a waste of time. In its one year of existence with so much money going to Vietnam, we at home. it has provided valuable intelligence with must use what domestic money is available But food is not the only problem at school. which to make future plans. For one thing, to the greatest possible effect. Seven-year-old Stephen Cockerhn, a blond­ T1 tle I has proved that the warning cry, We do •not underestimate the difficulties haired boy with a hopeless expression on his "Federal control of education!" is the reddest involved. Changing Title I so that it benefits face, came to school the week before wearing of red hel'!rings. There are almost as many those who need it most will be a politically old women's shoes. A school official finally different programs being developed with Title unpopular move for many Congressmen. It succeeded in getting him some old men's I funds as there are school districts using will mean taking money that is now going boots from the precious supply of old clothes the funds and Title I is, in a sense, the to their own districts and transferring it to donated by people in apartment houses in largest laboratory in the world. Wellesley, others. But we believe Congress will act. New York. for example, is experimenting with the use We believe Congress wants to help a little Stephen walks a mile every day to school of printing presses and new approaches to boy named Danny who is three years behind in the old boots, but some Breathitt County teaching while Newton seems to be getting in reading because the Fall River schools children are transported 45 miles by bus results with its program of special reading cannot afford remedial reading teachers. every day, and other Breathitt children can and speech therapy training on an indi­ We believe Congress wants to help a seven­ not go to school because they are retarded or vidual basis. These programs are good and year-old boy named Stephen in Breathitt handicapped and there are no facilities for should be continued. The question is, by County who now gets enough food to con­ them at school. The incidence of mental re­ whom? centra;te on ·his reading, but doesn't have tardation is high in Breathitt County, since We believe that Wellesley, with its median the books to read. the county's 15,000 peopl~nly 10 of them family income of $11,428, and Newton, with We believe Congress agrees with what Pres­ Negro--have been inbreeding for generations, its median family income of $9,080, should ident Lyndon B. Johnson said in his State of and incest is not uncommon, which is true not receive poverty funds. We would also the Union Message of 1965: "Every child of many rural areas. like to believe that. the citizens of Wellesley, must have the best education our nation can But Stephen Cockerhn is a normal boy Newton and the thousands of suburbs like provide." them do not really want to receive poverty We believe Congress will no longer tolerate with a typical home environment for the funds. And finally, we would like to believe spending one billion dollars a year for an act Appalachias. He lives in a splintery shack that these affluent communities will want in the middle of the mud with his five which reinforces the educational inequali­ brothers and sisters and his mother, Mrs. to continue their worthwhile Title I pro­ ties which it was supposed to correct, and grams--using their own financial resources. makes the rich richer at the expense of the Delvena Cockerhn. Her husband had gone Only in this way will hard-pressed commu­ poor. to Michigan a month before to try to find nities like Fall River and Breathitt County a job, a common occurrence in Breathitt since 7~ per cent of the people are on wel­ get the money needed to raise their average [From the Boston Herald, Jan. 4, 1967] per pupil expenditure to the productive level fare. TITLE I FuNDS SPENT FOR FOOD: BREATHITT, Ever since the coal mining companies of the suburbs. KY., SCHOOLS FIGHT HUNGER, FILTH, We realize that the concept of wealthy closed up before the Depression "the main FUTILITY occupation here is sitting around and breath­ communities reaching into their pockets to (By Ronald Kessler) help the schools of poor communities is a ing the fresh air," according to School Supt. radical break with American tradition. But BREATHITT COUNTY, KY.-Dusk Was setting Mrs. Marie R. Turner. And since 95 per the structural change of American commu­ on this Appalachian community as the cent of the land is mountainous (even the nity life during recent years has also been visitor drove into the county seat of Jackson cemeteries are hatcheted out of the hills), radical. The wealthy are congregating more and stopped at the best hotel, the Jefferson. farming cannot support the needs of the and more in the suburbs. The poor are be­ A swarthy man pulled out the key to the population. coming increasingly isolated in the ghettos most expensive suite in the hotel, a $6 room Inside the Cockerhn shack, a pot-belly and rural areas. The old concept of each with no telephone, and, after contracting a stove was burning soft coal, blackening the community looking out for the education of stiff neck from the drafty accommodation faces of the children. But there was no way its children is a fine thing-if the commu­ the visitor set out the next morning to see for them to take a bath or shower and no nity is wealthy. some schools and homes in this typical Ap:. outhouse. The windows were made of dirty In less fortunate communities, we find palachian county. rags, and the shack smelled of urine. children whose fam111es cannot pay for good The nearest elementary school, the Stray Mrs. Cockerhn had not paid ~ her rent of schools, whose schools cannot give them a Branch, was approachable only over a steep $10 a . month since the summer, and she · good education, whose education cannot get mountain road which proved to be too stopped paying her $12-a-month electric bill them good jobs so that they can pay for muddy to be climbed by car. A school de­ a year ago. The refrigerator is now used better schools. That, of course, is the pov­ partment truck finally succeeded in climb­ only to store food, but there is not much erty cycle and that is what must be broken. ing the' mountain, and it stopped beside an need for refrigeration since the children have The hard-pressed school districts need an unpainted wooden structure suspended over pota't9es and dried beans· for breakfast, lunch, all-out, comprehensive program to break the the ground on cinder blocks. and dinner, and only once every two weeks cycle. Boston's sub-system has shown what An outhouse stood at the rear of the are they lucky enough to have "hogs' meat." can be done. But this type of comprehensive school, since only three of Breathitt's 16 However, often the family goes for two to program will not be possible for most poor schools have indoor plumbing. Inside, one three days without any food and the baby districts under the present law which scat­ instructor was teaching 16 children from sleeping in filth in a corner of the shack is ters Title I money to nearly all school dis­ grades one through six. The two 60-watt then deprived even of milk. tricts in the country. bulbs in the ceiling provided only dim Like 80 per cent of the Breathitt County If Title I is to distribute money to those illumination, and the children had to bend children, Stephen Cockerhn has worms and who really need it, the distribution formula over their papers to see. A pot-belly stove other intestinal parasites. One of his broth­ should give primary consideration to the per stood in the center of the room. There were ers has tuberculosis, a disease with a 50 per pupil expenditure of each school system on f~w books in sight. On the wall was a color cent higher i~cidence in the Appalachias a. district, not a state-wide, basis. The sys­ picture of President Johnson. than throughout the country. tems with the lowest expenditures should get The teacher, Mrs. Dertha Watts, asked if Stephen never has heard of toothpaste, the most aid. The systems with the highest the visitor would speak to the class. "They and when he gets a toothache, he suffers expenditures should get none. never see anyone from the outside; just a until the nerve dies and the tooth falls out, Equalization of per pupil expenditures--or few words f.rom you would mean so much," since he has no way of getting to a dentist, a. start in that direction-would benefit the she said. and even if he did, his mother has no money. January 17, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD__._ HOUSE 709 Like most children in Breathitt County, of the duties they perform. Their lives of Eastern Europe. Nobody asks for any Stephen already has lost many of his teeth. are fraught with danger, strain, and Stephen has never been to Jackson, the immediate change in our present ar­ county seat of 2,000 persons. But even if he often with injury. We must not penalize rangements for trading with any coun­ had, he could not have known what a movie these civil servants by less retirement try of Eastern Europe. The President is, since Jackson has no movie theater, and pay after their long and faithful serv­ asks only for authority to see if changes, one of the few forms of entertainment open ice in protecting American citizens by to our benefit, can be negotiated with to Breathitt residents is going on wild sprees enforcing our Federal laws. them. in the hills with homemade gin. I urge the Congress to devote early Why can the President not see, with­ The school superintendent says, "We need attention in this session of the 90th Con­ remedial reading teachers terribly bad." But out any action from us, what changes much of the $340,000 allocated to the Breat­ gress to the present inequity in the Fed­ he might be able to negotiate? The hitt schools last year from Title I of the eral retirement system. I believe it is answer is simple. You cannot play poker Elementary and Secondary Education Act crucial that the Congress act quickly to with chips you do not have, with chips went to feed youngsters. There was little remove the defect in the retirement sys­ you only might be able to get. You have left over for remedial reading. tem for our hazardous duty Federal em- to have the chips on the table, where Despite Title I's intention, as stated by ployees. · they can be seen. And there is one bar­ President Johnson, to balance educational gaining counter which experience has inequalities, New Rochelle, N.Y., was also ------THE NEED FOR INCREASED EAST­ shown the President must have, if he is , given more than $300,000 from Title I. The to negotiate anything with the countries money was used to buy tape recorders, slide WEST TRADE projectors, and Polaroid cameras, since the of Eastern Europe. It is the same coun­ schools already had remedial reading teach­ Mr. BLAN"'r.ON. M·r. Speaker, I ask ter which Presidents have used for more ers, psychiatrists, social workers, and psy­ unanimous consent thBit the gentleman than 30 years-the right to cut our tariffs chologists. from Ohio [Mr. AsHLEY] may extend hi·s to the level imposed on the products of But Mrs. Cockerhn and many of the 15.3 remarks at this point in the RECORD and other countries. No more than that and million people who live as she does in the include extraneous matter. no less than that. Appalachias have never heard of Title I or New Rochelle or even New York City. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Let there be no misunderstanding. Not But she had heard of President Johnson. objection to the request of the gentleman one figure in the Tariff Schedules of the "I was hearing him on a radio once," she said from Tennessee? United States would be altered by pass­ through missing teeth. There was no objection. ing an East-West trade bill. Only when "He talked about having war. They al­ Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, of all the the President had completed his bargain­ ready killed seven people and they're going questions before this House for consid­ ing, only when the other country had to kill some more. He said the people across eration, of all the proposals which Presi­ specified what it could offer, would a the water need help." dent Johnson in his state of the Union tariff be reduced, and then only to the message presented to us for deliberation level applied to other countries. And RETIREMENT SYSTEM FOR HAZ­ and decision, few will deserve more at­ when it did, that country would still be tention from the historians, few will have subject to the condition that unless the ARDOUS DUTY FEDERAL EM­ more consequences for our children, than bargain were carried out as agreed, the PLOYEES the question of how we handle our re­ agreement could be terminated. Mr. BI1ANTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask lations with the Communist countries of The proposed legislation, then, would unanimous consent that the gentleman Europe in the coming months and years. not dent in any way the bulwark we have from Texas [Mr. WHITE] may ex:tend The President has proposed the enact­ built against the export of strategic his remarks at this point in the RECORD ment of legislation in the field of East­ commodities. It would not give financial and include extraneous matter. West trade. We must understand both aid to the countries of Eastern Europe. The SPEA~ER pro tempore. Is .there what this legislation would do and what AH it would do is give us the advantage objection to the request of the gentleman it would not do. of being able-as we now are not-to ne­ from Tennessee. The President proposes simply that we gotiate with any country of Eastern There was no objection? remove some unnecessary and unwar­ Europe which promised benefits to us at Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, with the ranted trade barriers that block the de­ least equal to the benefits we offer. growing concern over lawlessness in our velopment of closer ties between this Why should we seek, why should we Nation, the Congress must take all ap­ country and the peoples of Eastern Eu­ have any interest in an arrangement of propriate steps to insure the finest cali­ rope, including the Soviet Union. this kind? What can we get out of it? ber of men to enforce our Federal laws. He does not suggest giving anything Why is it in our interest? In my hometown of El Paso, Tex., and away. He does not suggest any measure These are questions which the Con­ in other border communities in my dis­ which would leBid to the increase of the gress will examine with great care in the trict, I have seen able and dedicated military power of the countries of East­ coming months. I cannot give you all border patrolmen in action. We must ern Europe. He does not suggest tam­ the answers today. Nobody can. But I provide equitable compensation to keep pering in any way with our carefully can suggest a few, and I can point to these top-level men and women and en­ constructed legislative barriers to the ex­ some hard historical facts which per­ courage others to come into those Fed­ port of strategic commodities. The con­ suBide me that there can be great, lasting eral positions classified as hazardous trol system we have built would not be benefits-to America and the free duty occupations. This classification in­ touched by anything the President pro­ world-from enabling the President to cludes primarily our border patrolmen, poses. explore the opportunities now within our FBI officials, and secret servicemen. Nobody suggests that we give aid to the grasp. Therefore, I am introducing today leg­ countries of Eastern Europe. Many years For one thing, there will undoubtedly islation that will remove an inequity ago we offered-through the Marshall be commercial benefits. They will not be from the retirement system for our plan-to help Eastern Europe and the large, perhaps, considered in the overall hazardous duty Federal employees. If Soviet Union to recover from the de­ context of the whole of American foreign enacted, my bill will revise the formula struction of war, in the same·spirit that trade. But our free world allies are now for computing retirement annuities, so ·We extended that offer to our friends in benefiting by trBide with Eastern Europe, that 2% percent of the average salary Western Europe. There were countries under the controls we have jointly erect­ multiplied by the total service would then in Eastern Europe which accepted ed to make sure that no strategic com­ equal retirement pay. At the present our offer-and were forced to withdraw modities are sold. And the market of time the formula used in computing haz­ that acceptance. What might have hap­ Eastern Europe is potentially quite sig­ ardous duty retirement annuities is pened, if Stalin had not cut the line to nificant. identical to the formula used for all America, we cannot guess. Hundreds of millions of people in other civil servants-the retirement But nobody now suggests that we give Eastern Europe have sacrificed greatly­ multiplication factor is 2 percent. anything away. All anyone has ever sug­ going without comforts and conven­ This more generous annuity formula gested-and all the President now sug­ iences, and even necessities-to build is necessary in the case of these Federal gests-is that we furnish him the power heavy industry. And now they would law enforcement officers who must re­ to negotiate limited commercial agree­ like to see some results. They would like tire at an earlier age due to the nature ments with one or more of the countries the same kind of results that a market 710 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967 economy has brought to us and to our sorb, one may hope, not only their tech­ ments in the direction we hope they will fellow citizens of the developed countries niques but something of their spirit. go. of the free world. They want cars and Increased experience will also lead to Some people understandably find it homes and consumer durables and increased questioning of the now rather hard to imagine promoting closer rela­ clothes that fit and look attractive; they tired system of operating an economy tions with people who denounce our want all the trappings of the 20th cen­ by command. And that questioning will defense of freedom in southeast Asia. tury that you and I, and, in an increasing bring results which, while they will not Some people seem to fear that by hav­ degree, others who live in market econ­ be an imitation of our system, will ing any dealings with the peoples of omies take for granted. nevertheless signify a profound depar­ Eastern Europe we are somehow letting Increasingly, and in varying degrees, ture from the orthodox Communist way down our fighting men in Vietnam. Yet their governments are yielding to these of doing business. as I have said, the East-West trade bill desires. Increasingly, and in varying de­ Finally, the very process of negotiat­ will not contribute in any way to in­ grees, too, their governments are learn­ ing these agreements will enable us to creasing the capacity of the countries of ing that a state planning commission differentiate between the different coun­ Eastern Europe to help the forces of ag­ makes expensive mistakes, that the at­ tries of Eastern Europe. More direct, gression in Vietnam. No one wants-­ tempt to control everything ties a personal contacts will lead to changes and no one proposes-to permit trade modern economy into knots. Increas­ all over Eastern Europe; but negotiating which would increase the capacity of the ingly, and in varying degrees, the wishes, with one country at a time will enable us Communist countries to supply war ma­ the desires, the needs of consumers are to differentiate among them, cooperating terials to Vietnam. We want only to being allowed to take the shape, so well more where cooperation pays off, hold­ show them that while we stand firm known to us, of effective consumer de­ ing back where the chances do not look against aggression, we offer them the mand. This development could mean a so good. Eastern Europe is not the solid advantages of peace. And the President new market for our businessmen and structure it seemed to be in Stalin's time. asks only for the authority he needs for farmers and a new source of jobs for our These countries, which had to reject the whatever negotiations may be possible workers-but only if the East Europeans Marshall plan on command, now are with all or any of the countries of East­ are allowed to earn the dollars that will tempted by the good things they see in em Europe. This request, I submit, is enable them to buy from us. the West. Thus they can be influenced in the interest of the permanent peace But the export business we can do is to move in new directions. which is the fundamental and basic goal not the only reason we should try to And I think we should be in a position of American foreign policy. facilitate trade in peaceful goods with to influence those moves. the countries of Eastern Europe. I said there was evidence in history The real reason why increased trade that this kind of policy can work. CATV-COMMUNITY OR CABLE with Eastern Europe is in our interest is Yugoslavia offers the best example of it TELEVISION that, in several ways, it will encourage I know. Since the Yugoslav break with Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask greater differentiation in Eastern Europe. Cominform, economic ties with the unanimous consent that the gentleman "Differentiation" is a $2 word for change, United States and other Western coun­ from Pennsylvania [Mr. RooNEY] may and surely change in Eastern Europe is tries have certainly influenced the extend his remarks at this point in the one thing we are all in favor of. course of events in that country. I said RECORD and include extraneous matter The growth of a strong consuming "influenced," not "determined"; the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there public, aware of its power, is surely one Yugoslavs have made their own deci­ objection oo the request of the gentleman of the best guarantees possible against sions, and some of them we do not like. from Tennessee? the reduction of people to faceless masses, They have certainly not become Ameri­ There was no objection. concerned only with scrounging food or can satellites. But they showed that a Mr. ROONEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. join!ng a line for shoes or shirts. The country can be both Communist and in­ Speaker, 17 years ago in my home State more the consumers have, the fussier, the dependent of the Soviet Union, can call of Pennsylvania, a new industry was more individual, they become. When itself Communist and still introduce born through man's characteristic re­ things are short, nobody argues with the market principles; that it can profit sponse to a new challenge of public need. storekeeper; when people 'have the ne­ from dealing on equal terms with the This industry is community, or cable .cessities, they can get very choosy indeed. West . television, better known as CATV. And people in that frame of mind are They are showing that a country can Through this medium, entire commu­ much harder to interest in politica! ad­ call itself Communist and still tolerate a nities-not only in Pennsylvania but ventures than people with nothing to good deal of free expression of opinion, throughout this Nation and abroad­ lose. that it can begin to build up an effective have gained access to the full treasury Increased trade can do more than parliamentary life, that it can keep of television riches. This industry was stimulate and satisfy the desires of con- living standards on the rise and indus­ born in Lansford, Pa., within the bound­ • sumers. It offers an opportunity for trialize while allowing private peasants aries of my former congressional dis­ American businessmen to change the to till five-sixths of the soil. Life in trict. And I can say authoritatively that outlook and the ways of doing business Yugoslavia today, despite the losses of without this industry some of my present of up-and-coming traders, manufactur­ war and the ravages of nature, shows and former constituents would not have ers, and administrators of Communist what growing ties with Western societies today the advantages of clear reception businesses. The results of a period of can lead to. of television. prolonged and increasingly close contact Mr. Speaker, passing the East-West Instead, more than 2 million American between Eastern European and American trade bill. is not going to work any mir­ homes today depend upon CATV for in­ businessmen will not be instantly visible; acles. It is not going to convert the formation, education, and entertain­ an increase in contacts is not going to countries of Eastern Europe into hotbeds ment. convert Eastern Europe to capitalism of capitalism. It is not going to lead to In addition to the improved and overnight. vast increases in trade. It is not going broader reception CATV provides, this But increased contacts can, over time, to settle all our differences with those fledgling industry is now developing its be one important catalyst for change. countries. It is not going to make them unique ability to provide truly local tele­ Seeing America and seeing Americans agree with us about everything. vision features. There are over 4,000 has an impact; but understanding Amer­ But it does offer our Government a communities in the United States with ica ar d understanding Americans has a chance to influence their governments 2,500 or more inhabitants. Less than much deeper effect. And businessmen and their policies, to bargain hardhead­ 3.00 of these communities have local tele­ know that you have to understand your edly for things we want. It would make vision stations, and it is doubtful that customers and your suppliers. Ameri­ possible freer, increasing trade. And it many of the cities not served now could can methods in business administration will let us use our most valuable weapon, support a successful commercial televi­ are already the subject of much curios­ our ability to run an economy in the sion station. ity in Eastern Europe, and as East Eu­ interest of all the people, to fan the But through CATV each of these com­ ropeans have more and more direct ex­ winds of change in Eastern Europe. It munities-and more--will be able to perience of those methods, they will ab- will give us a chance to push develop- enjoy programs created by and for their January 17, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 711 local people. In a dramatic departure BOOK MAILING RATE factually off base, but where the editor uses the prestige of his office and his pub­ from established practice, CATV can Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask offer programing to a limited audience unanimous consent that the gentleman lication to express views which find no without depriving the larger audience of from New York [Mr. DuLsKI] may ex­ ju,stification in the true facts of the case, the programs it normally prefers to tend his remarks at this point in the 'this is tantamount to an abuse of public watch. RECORD and include extraneous matter. trust. As one Member who voted to re­ During the period of January 30 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there elect JoHN W. McCoRMACK as Speaker of through February 4, CATV systems obJection Ito the request of the gentleman the House for the 90th Congress, I con­ throughout the United States will be ob­ from Tennessee? sider the unfortunate editorial an attack serving National Cable TV Week, and it There was no objection. on my judgment and integrity, as well as is my distinct pleasure to salute this Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I have upon that of other Members of the young and growing industry for the pub­ introduced a bill, H.R. 2071, which would House. lic service it provides and the traditions include books issued to supplement other Mr. Speaker, if a poll were taken of ingenuity and free enterprise that it books within the provisions of law estab­ among Members of Congress today a,s to typifies. lishing special postal rates for mailing who is the most beloved Member, JoHN books through the U.S. mail. The pro­ W. McCoRMACK would without any posal will eliminate a gross inequity that doubt outpoll all others. He is not only REPRODUCTION OF POSTAGE may be created inadvertently by a 1966 beloved, he is the most highly respected STAMPS IN COLOR amendment to the book rate provision of all. Certainly, he would not h.ave been reelected Speaker had it not been Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask which will go into effect on January 15, 1967. for the fact that the Members of the unanimous consent that the gentleman House believed that he, more than any­ from New York [Mr. DuLsKI] may ex­ Books permanently bound for preser­ vation, including bound book supple­ body else, could best lead the 90th Con­ tend his remarks at this point in :the gress to meet the great challenges faced RECORD and include extraneous matter. ments, have been entitled to the special book rate-39 U.S.C. 4554(a) (1)-since by this country in the next 2 years. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Great to-do is made of the Speaker's objection to the request of the gentleman it was first established in 1938. The 1966 amendment-added by the Senate age. We who know the Speaker inti­ from Tennessee? mately know that he has the vitality and There was no objection. to the Parcel Post Act, Public Law 89- 593, section 2(d)-changed the descrip­ sharpness of intellect to challenge any Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, a few man 30 years his junior. The history­ weeks ago there appeared in a national tion of the books entitled to the special book rate. making record of the 88th and 89th Con­ magazine reproductions of 56 postage gresses, in which I w.as so proud to .serve, stamps that various nations throughout The Senate amendment was intended to permit complete looseleaf books to be is irrefutable evidence that the Wash­ the world have issued in tribute to the ington Post editorial is a cruel, false in­ memory of John Fitzgerald Kennedy. mailed at the book rate, and to exclude subsequent mailings of replacement dictment of a dedicated American who Fifty-five of these stamps were repro­ will undoubtedly go down in history as duced in color. One was not. The Ken­ pages which were to replace or add to material in the complete book. one of our truly beloved leaders, and nedy stamp reproduced in drab black what is more impo;rtant, a great .and and white was the stamp that his own Literal application of the 1966 amend­ ment could deny the book rate to many good man. Whatever motivation the United States had issued. publications which have utilized it editor may have had, he owes a public An outmoded law prohibits newspapers, apology not only to the Speaker, but to magazines, and other publications from through the years since 1938. Single volumes of multivolume sets of books his readers for having insulted their in­ reproducing our postage stamps in color. such as encyclopedias, law or medical telligence through abuse of .a public At one time it was believed that this pro­ books issued serially, or lawbooks up­ trust. hibition served as a deterrent to counter­ dating "complete" lawbooks of statutes feiting. This is hardly the case today. or court cases, if mailed separately could, Only the most naive counterfeiter would by literal application, be denied the book VETERANS HOSPITAL FOR CLARK attempt to duplicate a color picture of a rate since they are not a "complete COUNTY, NEV. stamp. Instead he would go to his near­ book." Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask est post office, buy a sheet of stamps and With regard to the 1966 amendment, photo copy these, thus preparing an en­ unanimous consent rthat the gentleman this is not intended to exclude the book from Nevada [Mr. BARING] may extend tire printing plate with more faithful supplements. The new proposal rede­ reproductions. And may I say paren­ his remarks at this point in the RECORD fines the description of books entitled to and include extl"laneous matter. thetically that counterfeiting of U.S. the book mailing rate to remove any pos­ stamps is virtually nonexistent today. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there sibility of an unintended interpretation. objection to the request of the gentleman The penalties for getting caught are too Book supplements will continue to be great; the rewards are too small. from Tennessee? mailed at the book rate under this There w.as no obje.ction. Revision of this outmoded law to per­ proposal. mit reproduction in color of our postage Mr. BARING. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ stamps would provide a healthy stimulus day introducing legislation to establish a to philately, an avocation that attracts EDITORIAL ABUSE OF A PUBLIC veterans' hospital in Clark County, Nev. millions of Americans in all walks of life. TRUST There is a tremendous need for a vet- It woud also improve our world image. Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask erans' hospital in southern Nevada. Not The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, unanimous consent that the gentleman only is Clark County one. of the fastest which prints our postage stamps, is now from Hawaii [Mr. MATSUNAGA] may ex- growing counties in the Nation but the preparing for operation a new nine-color tend his remarks at thi·s point in the nearest veterans' hospital is 325 miles press. This has the potential to print RECORD and include extraneous matter. away 'in Los Angeles, Calif. A facility the finest and most colorful stamps in the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there -which already suffers from overcrowding. world. objection rto the request of the gentleman · The only other veterans facility avail- As a matter of national pride, I would from Tennessee? able is located in Reno and is nearly 500 like for the rest of the world to see what There was no objection. miles away. These distances present a magnificent stamps we will then produce. Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, the problem which is self-apparent in regard But the world will never know if the re­ editorial entitled "Speaker on the Spot,'' to the utilization of remote facilities productions in newspapers and maga­ which appeared in the Washington Post which service the Las Vegas area. zines are in lackluster black and white. this morning, strikes me as one of the Furthermore, southern Nevada's eli­ I am, therefore, today introducing worst forms of abuse of the public trust. mate is ideal for rehabilitation and a vet­ legislation which will permit us to pro­ It is forgivable where a newspaper of erans' hospital in this area would be a duce U.S. stamps in color as the rest of some respectability permits the printing tremendous asset to the Veterans' Ad­ the world does. of the views of a columnist even if he is ministration hospital facilities. 712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE January 17, 1967 APPOINTMENT OF THE DIRECTOR able JoHN W. McCoRMACK, of Massa­ The motion was agreed to; accord­ OF FBI chusetts. ingly